JP2004176966A - Solar water heater - Google Patents

Solar water heater Download PDF

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JP2004176966A
JP2004176966A JP2002342230A JP2002342230A JP2004176966A JP 2004176966 A JP2004176966 A JP 2004176966A JP 2002342230 A JP2002342230 A JP 2002342230A JP 2002342230 A JP2002342230 A JP 2002342230A JP 2004176966 A JP2004176966 A JP 2004176966A
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glass
hot water
water heater
plate
heat
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JP4027212B2 (en
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Hideo Yoshizawa
英夫 吉沢
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Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd
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Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/25—Solar heat collectors using working fluids having two or more passages for the same working fluid layered in direction of solar-rays, e.g. having upper circulation channels connected with lower circulation channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • F24S10/75—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits with enlarged surfaces, e.g. with protrusions or corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S80/54—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings using evacuated elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
    • F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
    • F24S2025/011—Arrangements for mounting elements inside solar collectors; Spacers inside solar collectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
    • F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
    • F24S2080/501—Special shape
    • F24S2080/502—Special shape in the form of multiple covering elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a solar water heater for efficiently generating hot water by restraining discharge of heat from a heat collector and hot and cold water. <P>SOLUTION: This solar water heater is constituted so as to heat the hot and cold water in a hot water storage part 8 housed in a body case C by the heat collector 7 by housing the heat collector 7 for raising a temperature by absorbing the sunlight in the body case C along a transparent plate body 3 arranged on the surface side of the body case C. This solar water heater is constituted by arranging a heat insulating vacuum layer 5 over the substantially whole surface between the transparent plate body 3 and the heat collector 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、太陽光を吸収して昇温する集熱体が、本体ケースの表面側に配設された透明板体に沿って前記本体ケースに収納され、その集熱体によって前記本体ケースに収納された貯湯部内の湯水を加熱するように構成されている太陽熱温水器に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
このような太陽熱温水器では、集熱体が太陽光を効率良く吸収する必要があり、そのため、本体ケースの表面側には、板ガラスなどからなる透明板体が配設されており、従来の太陽熱温水器では、その透明板体との間に空気層を介在させた状態で集熱体が配置されていた（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
【０００３】
【特許文献１】
特開平７−９８１５７号公報（図１、図２）
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって、従来の太陽熱温水器では、集熱体により太陽光を効率良く吸収して湯水を加熱することができる反面、集熱体や湯水が加熱された後において、例えば、日照時間の関係で太陽光の照射が弱くなって外気の温度が低下すると、集熱体や湯水に吸収された熱が、集熱体と透明板体との間の空気層を介して比較的短時間のうちに放出されて湯温の低下を招くという欠点があった。
【０００５】
本発明は、このような従来の欠点に着目したもので、その目的は、集熱体や湯水からの熱の放出を抑制して、結果的に効率良く温水を生成することのできる太陽熱温水器を提供することである。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１の発明の特徴構成は、図１〜図７に例示するごとく、太陽光を吸収して昇温する集熱体７が、本体ケースＣの表面側に配設された透明板体３，１２に沿って前記本体ケースＣに収納され、その集熱体７によって前記本体ケースＣに収納された貯湯部８，１５内の湯水を加熱するように構成されている太陽熱温水器であって、前記透明板体３，１２と集熱体７との間のほぼ全面にわたって断熱用の真空層５が設けられているところにある。
【０００７】
請求項１の発明の特徴構成によれば、本体ケースの表面側に配設された透明板体と、太陽光の吸収で昇温して貯湯部内の湯水を加熱する集熱体との間において、そのほぼ全面にわたって断熱用の真空層が設けられているので、その断熱用の真空層によって集熱体や湯水からの熱の放出が抑制される。
すなわち、集熱体は太陽からの輻射により昇温するため、真空層により昇温が妨げられることはなく、しかも、昇温後においては、真空層によって熱伝導による熱の放出が抑制されるので、結果的に効率の良い温水の生成が可能となる。
【０００８】
請求項２の発明の特徴構成は、図１〜図４、図６、図７に例示するごとく、前記透明板体３が、板ガラスであって、その板ガラス３と対面する別の板ガラス４が、前記本体ケースＣの内側に配設されて、それら両板ガラス３，４が、両板ガラス３，４間に間隙部を有する複層ガラスに構成されているところにある。
【０００９】
請求項２の発明の特徴構成によれば、透明板体が、板ガラスであって、その板ガラスと対面する別の板ガラスが、本体ケースの内側に配設されて、それら両板ガラスが、両板ガラス間に間隙部を有する複層ガラスに構成されているので、単板の板ガラスに較べて断熱効果に優れ、その複層ガラスとは別に断熱用の真空層を設ける場合には、断熱用真空層と複層ガラスによる断熱効果の相乗作用により、一層確実に熱の放出を抑制することができる。
【００１０】
請求項３の発明の特徴構成は、図１〜図４、図６、図７に例示するごとく、前記複層ガラスが、前記間隙部を減圧状態に維持する真空複層ガラスＰであり、その真空複層ガラスＰの間隙部が、前記真空層５として機能するように構成されているところにある。
【００１１】
請求項３の発明の特徴構成によれば、複層ガラスが、その間隙部を減圧状態に維持する真空複層ガラスであり、真空複層ガラスの間隙部が、断熱用の真空層として機能するように構成されているので、真空複層ガラスをそのまま使用して本体ケースに組み付けることができ、その場合には、真空複層ガラスを構成する両板ガラスと本体ケースとの間に真空層用のシールを施す必要はない。
したがって、太陽熱温水器の構造を殊更複雑化することなく、太陽熱温水器の本体ケースに対して断熱用真空層を有する真空複層ガラスを簡単かつ確実に組み付けることができ、真空層に対するシールも確実に維持されて優れた断熱効果を期待することができる。
【００１２】
請求項４の発明の特徴構成は、図１〜図４、図６、図７に例示するごとく、前記両板ガラス３，４のうち、前記本体ケースＣの内側に配設された板ガラス４が、前記間隙部と反対側の面にＬｏｗ−Ｅ処理６の施されたＬｏｗ−Ｅガラスで構成されているところにある。
【００１３】
請求項４の発明の特徴構成によれば、複層ガラスを構成する両板ガラスのうち、本体ケースの内側に配設された板ガラスが、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅガラスで構成されているので、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅガラスにより集熱体側からの熱の放射も抑制され、集熱体や湯水からの熱の放出が一層確実に抑制される。
その際、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅガラスは、その特性により太陽光を受けてかなり高温になるが、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅガラスは、複層ガラスを構成する内側の板ガラスであり、外気に直接触れることがないので、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅガラスからの熱の放出も抑制され、しかも、そのためのＬｏｗ−Ｅ処理は、前記間隙部と反対側の面に施されているので、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅ処理部分から集熱体への熱の伝導も比較的良好に行われる。
【００１４】
請求項５の発明の特徴構成は、図５に例示するごとく、前記透明板体１２が、板ガラスであって、その板ガラス１２の前記本体ケースＣ内側の面にＬｏｗ−Ｅ処理６が施されているところにある。
【００１５】
請求項５の発明の特徴構成によれば、透明板体が、板ガラスであって、その板ガラスの本体ケース内側の面にＬｏｗ−Ｅ処理が施されているので、上述したように集熱体側からの熱の放射が抑制されて、集熱体や湯水からの熱の放出が一層確実に抑制されるとともに、そのＬｏｗ−Ｅ処理を内側の面に施すことで、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅ処理の剥がれなどに起因するＬｏｗ−Ｅ効果の低下を抑制することができる。
【００１６】
請求項６の発明の特徴構成は、図１〜図５に例示するごとく、前記貯湯部８が、管状の貯湯管により構成されて、その貯湯管８が、前記集熱体７により形成されているところにある。
【００１７】
請求項６の発明の特徴構成によれば、貯湯部が、管状の貯湯管により構成されて、その貯湯管が、集熱体により形成されているので、太陽光の吸収により昇温して湯水を加熱する集熱体そのものにより、貯湯部としての貯湯管を形成することで、構造の簡素化と部品点数の減少によるコストダウンを図ることができるとともに、集熱体から湯水への熱の伝導も、貯湯管の周囲から効率良く行うことができる。
【００１８】
なお、上述のように、図面との対照を便利にするために符号を記したが、該記入により本発明は添付図面の構成に限定されるものではない。
【００１９】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明による太陽熱温水器の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
この太陽熱温水器は、図１〜図３に示すように、例えば、建屋の屋根Ｒの上に載置可能な本体ケースＣを備え、その本体ケースＣは、金属製の板材により二重構造に構成されていて、その内部空間内に断熱材１が充填され、上面のみが開口された扁平な矩形の箱状に形成されている。
その本体ケースＣの表面側となる上面には、ほぼ全面にわたって真空複層ガラスＰが配設され、その真空複層ガラスＰと本体ケースＣとがシール材Ｓにより気密にシールされて、本体ケースＣの内部空間が外気と遮断されるとともに、真空複層ガラスＰの上面には、透明な強化板ガラスからなるカバー用の板ガラス２が配設されて真空複層ガラスＰを覆っている。
【００２０】
真空複層ガラスＰは、本体ケースＣの上面側に位置する透明板体としての透明な板ガラス３と、その板ガラス３とほぼ平行に対面して本体ケースＣの内側に位置する別の透明な板ガラス４により構成されている。
両板ガラス３，４は、多数のスペーサ（図示せず）を介在させて間隙部を有するように対面配置され、その間隙部が減圧されるとともに、気密にシールされて減圧状態に維持されて、その間隙部が断熱用の真空層５として機能するように構成されている。
真空複層ガラスＰを構成する２枚の板ガラス３，４のうち、本体ケースＣの内側に配設の板ガラス４において、真空層５と反対側の面には、低放射性能を示すＬｏｗ−Ｅ特殊金属膜６がコーティングされている。もちろん、断熱性能を更に高めるため、真空層５に向かい合う面にもＬｏｗ−Ｅ特殊金属膜をコーティングし、板ガラス４の両面にＬｏｗ−Ｅ特殊金属膜をコーティングしてもよい。更に、板ガラス３において、いずれか一方の面あるいは両面にＬｏｗ−Ｅ特殊金属膜をコーティングすることもでき、要するに、板ガラス３の両面と板ガラス４の両面のうち、少なくとも一面以上にＬｏｗ−Ｅ特殊金属膜をコーティングして実施することができる。
また、太陽熱を効率良く集めるためには、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅ特殊金属膜による太陽光の吸収をできるだけ避けるべきであり、そのため、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅコーティング付き板ガラスの太陽光透過率は、最低でも６０％以上とするのが望ましい。
更に、板ガラス３，４自体もできる限り太陽光を吸収しないものが望ましく、そのためには、ガラスに含まれるＦｅＯ成分を排除した、いわゆる白板ガラスを使用するのが望ましく、また、板ガラスの表面に多層膜や微細な凹凸化処理を施して、太陽光の反射ロスを低減させることも効果的である。
【００２１】
前記本体ケースＣには、カバー用の板ガラス２と真空複層ガラスＰを通して照射される太陽光を吸収して昇温する集熱体７が、真空複層ガラスＰに沿ってほぼ平行になるように収納されている。
集熱体７は、例えば、金属製の板材で構成され、その板材をプレス加工することによって、集熱体７自体に貯湯部としての管状の貯湯管８が形成されていて、貯湯管８を形成する集熱体７の外表面には、太陽光の吸収を促進し、および／または、低放射性機能を持つ、例えば、ブラッククロム、ブラックニッケル、金−酸化マグネシウムサーメットなどの選択吸収材料が被覆されている。
集熱体７は、真空複層ガラスＰとほぼ同じ平面積を有し、その全面にわたって貯湯管８が適宜湾曲されて配管され、真空複層ガラスＰと集熱体７との間に空気層９が形成されるとともに、貯湯管８の一端には加熱用の水を供給する給水部１０が、他端には加熱後の湯を排出する給湯部１１が設けられている。
【００２２】
このような構成からなる太陽熱温水器によれば、カバー用の板ガラス２と真空複層ガラスＰを通して照射される太陽光により集熱体７が昇温され、その集熱体７によって貯湯管８内の湯水が加熱され、加熱後の湯が給湯部１１から給湯されることになる。
そして、集熱体７や貯湯管８内の湯水が加熱された後においては、真空複層ガラスＰの真空層５によって外部への熱の伝導が効果的に抑制され、かつ、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅ用の特殊金属膜６がコーティングされたＬｏｗ−Ｅガラス４によって外部への熱の放射も抑制されるので、給水部１０から貯湯管８内に供給された水を効率良く加熱することができる。
【００２３】
〔別実施形態〕
つぎに、別の実施形態について説明するが、重複説明を避けるため、先の実施形態で説明した構成や同じ作用を有する構成については、同じ符号を付すことにより説明を省略し、主として先の実施形態と異なる構成についてのみ説明する。
【００２４】
（１）先の実施形態では、本体ケースＣの上面に真空複層ガラスＰを配設し、真空複層ガラスＰの上面を別の板ガラス２でカバーした構成を示したが、図４に示すように、カバー用の板ガラス２をなくして実施することもでき、また、真空複層ガラスＰを構成する両板ガラス３，４間の間隙部を断熱用の真空層５として機能するように構成した例を示したが、真空複層ガラスＰを使用せずに実施することもできる。
例えば、真空複層ガラスＰに代えて、両板ガラス３，４間の間隙部に空気などを充填した普通の複層ガラスを使用し、複層ガラスと集熱体７との間、つまり、先の実施形態における空気層９部分を減圧して断熱用の真空層５とすることもできる。
【００２５】
また、複層ガラスを使用せずに実施することもでき、その一例を示したのが図５であり、本体ケースＣの最上面に位置する板ガラス１２、換言すると、先の実施形態で示した透明な強化板ガラスからなるカバー用の板ガラス２に相当する板ガラス１２が、透明板体として直接機能するように構成され、そのため、板ガラス１２と本体ケースＣとがシール材Ｓにより気密にシールされている。
さらに、貯湯管８を形成する集熱体７と本体ケースＣとの間もシール材Ｓにより気密にシールされ、板ガラス１２と集熱体７との間に保形用のスペーサ（図示せず）などを介在させて、板ガラス１２と集熱体７との間の間隙部が減圧されて断熱用の真空層５として機能するように構成され、板ガラス１２の本体ケースＣ内側の面には、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅ用の特殊金属膜６がコーティングされている。
【００２６】
（２）これまでの実施形態では、集熱体７自体により貯湯部としての貯湯管８を形成した例を示したが、これら集熱体７や貯湯部については種々の変形が可能であり、その一例を示したのが図６および図７である。
この図に示す別の実施形態では、集熱体７が平坦な板状に形成され、その板状の集熱体７が、真空複層ガラスＰの内側に配置されて本体ケースＣに保持されている。本体ケースＣの底と集熱体７との間の空間が、図６において左側に位置する下端部を除いて、横方向に延びる横壁体１３により上下に区画され、かつ、図７に示すように、縦方向に延びる複数の縦壁体１４により複数に区画されて、その複数に区画された貯湯部としての貯湯室１５が形成されている。
そして、下方の貯湯室１５には、給水部１０から分岐された多数の分岐給水部１０ａが接続され、上方の貯湯室１５には、給湯部１１から分岐された多数の分岐給湯部１１ａが接続されて、貯湯室１５内の湯水が、矢印で示す方向に循環するように構成されている。
【００２７】
（３）これまでの実施形態では、真空複層ガラスＰを構成する内側の板ガラス４あるいはカバー用の板ガラス１２をＬｏｗ−Ｅガラスで構成した例を示したが、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅガラスの使用は必ずしも必要不可欠なものではなく、Ｌｏｗ−Ｅガラスを使用せずに実施することもでき、また、透明板体として板ガラス３，１２を使用した例を示したが、板ガラス３，１２に代えて透明なアクリル板などを使用して実施することもできる。
さらに、実際の施工に際しては、太陽熱温水器とは別に、保温効果に優れた貯湯タンクなどを使用し、その貯湯タンクと太陽熱温水器の給湯部１１とを配管により接続し、加熱後の湯を順次貯湯タンクに供給して貯湯することも可能であり、この太陽熱温水器に対する配管構造などについては不問である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】太陽熱温水器の縦断側面図
【図２】太陽熱温水器の一部拡大縦断側面図
【図３】太陽熱温水器の横断正面図
【図４】別の実施形態による太陽熱温水器の縦断側面図
【図５】別の実施形態による太陽熱温水器の一部拡大縦断側面図
【図６】別の実施形態による太陽熱温水器の縦断側面図
【図７】別の実施形態による太陽熱温水器の横断正面図
【符号の説明】
３，１２ 透明板体としての板ガラス
４ 板ガラス
５ 断熱用の真空層
６ Ｌｏｗ−Ｅ処理
７ 集熱体
８ 貯湯部としての貯湯管
１５ 貯湯部
Ｃ 本体ケース
Ｐ 真空複層ガラス[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention, a heat collector that absorbs sunlight and heats up is housed in the main case along the transparent plate disposed on the surface side of the main case, and the heat collector collects the heat in the main case. The present invention relates to a solar water heater configured to heat hot water in a stored hot water storage unit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In such a solar water heater, it is necessary for the heat collector to efficiently absorb the sunlight. Therefore, a transparent plate made of sheet glass or the like is provided on the surface side of the main body case, and the conventional solar water heater is not provided. In a water heater, a heat collector is arranged in a state where an air layer is interposed between the water heater and the transparent plate (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-98157 (FIGS. 1 and 2)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in the conventional solar water heater, the heat collector can efficiently absorb the sunlight to heat the hot water, but, after the heat collector and the hot water are heated, for example, the sunshine due to the sunshine time. When the light irradiation weakens and the temperature of the outside air decreases, the heat absorbed by the heat collector and hot water is released in a relatively short time through the air layer between the heat collector and the transparent plate. As a result, there is a disadvantage that the temperature of the hot water is lowered.
[0005]
The present invention focuses on such conventional drawbacks, and an object of the present invention is to suppress the release of heat from a heat collector or hot water, and as a result, a solar water heater that can efficiently generate hot water It is to provide.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the heat collector 7, which absorbs sunlight and rises in temperature, has a transparent plate 3 disposed on the front side of the main body case C. , 12 in the main body case C, and is configured to heat the hot water in the hot water storage portions 8 and 15 stored in the main body case C by the heat collector 7 of the solar water heater. The heat insulating vacuum layer 5 is provided over substantially the entire surface between the transparent plates 3 and 12 and the heat collector 7.
[0007]
According to the characteristic configuration of the invention of claim 1, between the transparent plate disposed on the surface side of the main body case and the heat collector that heats the hot water in the hot water storage section by increasing the temperature by absorbing sunlight. Since the heat-insulating vacuum layer is provided over substantially the entire surface, the heat-release vacuum layer suppresses the release of heat from the heat collector and the hot water.
In other words, since the temperature of the heat collector rises due to radiation from the sun, the temperature rise is not hindered by the vacuum layer, and after the temperature rise, the heat release by heat conduction is suppressed by the vacuum layer. As a result, efficient hot water can be generated.
[0008]
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, 6, and 7, the transparent plate 3 is a plate glass, and another plate glass 4 facing the plate glass 3 is, The two glass sheets 3, 4 are disposed inside the main body case C so that the two glass sheets 3, 4 are formed into a double-layer glass having a gap between the two glass sheets 3, 4.
[0009]
According to the characteristic configuration of the invention of claim 2, the transparent plate is a plate glass, and another plate glass facing the plate glass is disposed inside the main body case, and the both plate glasses are placed between the two plate glasses. Because it is composed of a multi-layer glass with a gap, it is superior in heat insulation effect as compared with a single sheet glass, and when a vacuum layer for heat insulation is provided separately from the multi-layer glass, a vacuum layer for heat insulation is used. The synergistic action of the heat insulating effect of the double-glazing makes it possible to more reliably suppress the release of heat.
[0010]
The characteristic configuration of the invention according to claim 3 is, as exemplified in FIGS. 1 to 4, 6, and 7, the multilayer glass is a vacuum multilayer glass P that maintains the gap in a reduced pressure state. The gap portion of the vacuum multilayer glass P is located so as to function as the vacuum layer 5.
[0011]
According to the characteristic configuration of the third aspect of the invention, the double glazing is a vacuum double glazing that maintains the gap in a reduced pressure state, and the gap of the vacuum double glazing functions as a vacuum layer for heat insulation. Since it is configured as described above, it is possible to assemble the main body case using the vacuum insulated glass as it is, and in that case, a vacuum layer for the vacuum layer is provided between both the glass sheets constituting the vacuum insulated glass and the main body case. There is no need to provide a seal.
Therefore, the vacuum double-glazed glass having the vacuum layer for heat insulation can be easily and reliably assembled to the main body case of the solar water heater without making the structure of the solar water heater particularly complicated, and the seal for the vacuum layer is also ensured. Excellent heat insulation effect can be expected.
[0012]
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, 6, and 7, the characteristic configuration of the invention according to claim 4 is that, among the two glass sheets 3 and 4, the glass sheet 4 disposed inside the main body case C includes: It is made of Low-E glass on which Low-E treatment 6 has been applied to the surface opposite to the gap.
[0013]
According to the characteristic configuration of the invention of claim 4, since the glass sheet disposed inside the main body case is made of the Low-E glass among the glass sheets forming the double-glazed glass, the Low-E glass is used. Thereby, the radiation of heat from the heat collector side is also suppressed, and the release of heat from the heat collector and hot water is more reliably suppressed.
At that time, the Low-E glass is heated to a considerably high temperature by receiving sunlight due to its characteristics. However, the Low-E glass is an inner plate glass constituting the multilayer glass and does not directly touch the outside air. The release of heat from the Low-E glass is also suppressed, and the Low-E treatment for that is performed on the surface opposite to the gap, so that the heat from the Low-E treated portion to the heat collector is removed. Is also relatively well conducted.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 5, the transparent plate 12 is a glass plate, and the surface of the glass plate 12 inside the body case C is subjected to a Low-E treatment 6. Where you are.
[0015]
According to the characteristic configuration of the fifth aspect of the present invention, since the transparent plate is a plate glass, and the surface of the plate glass inside the main body case is subjected to the Low-E treatment, as described above, from the heat collector side. Of heat from the heat collector and hot water is more reliably suppressed, and by applying the Low-E processing to the inner surface, peeling of the Low-E processing can be prevented. The resulting decrease in the Low-E effect can be suppressed.
[0016]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the hot water storage unit 8 includes a tubular hot water storage tube, and the hot water storage tube 8 is formed by the heat collector 7. Where you are.
[0017]
According to the characteristic configuration of the invention of claim 6, since the hot water storage section is constituted by a tubular hot water storage pipe, and the hot water storage pipe is formed by a heat collector, the temperature of the hot water is raised by absorbing sunlight and the hot water is supplied. By forming a hot water storage pipe as a hot water storage unit using the heat collector itself that heats the heat, it is possible to simplify the structure and reduce costs by reducing the number of parts, and to conduct heat from the heat collector to the hot water. Can also be efficiently performed from around the hot water storage pipe.
[0018]
Note that, as described above, reference numerals are written for convenience of comparison with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the configuration of the accompanying drawings by the entry.
[0019]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of a solar water heater according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the solar water heater includes, for example, a main body case C that can be mounted on a roof R of a building, and the main body case C has a double structure made of a metal plate. The inner space is filled with a heat insulating material 1 and is formed in a flat rectangular box shape having an opening only on the upper surface.
On the upper surface, which is the front surface side of the main body case C, a vacuum multilayer glass P is disposed over substantially the entire surface, and the vacuum multilayer glass P and the main body case C are hermetically sealed with a sealing material S. The internal space of C is shielded from the outside air, and a cover glass plate 2 made of a transparent strengthened glass plate is arranged on the upper surface of the vacuum multilayer glass plate P to cover the vacuum multilayer glass plate P.
[0020]
The vacuum double-glazed glass P is a transparent plate glass 3 as a transparent plate positioned on the upper surface side of the main body case C, and another transparent plate glass positioned inside the main case C so as to face the glass plate 3 almost in parallel. 4.
The two glass sheets 3, 4 are disposed facing each other with a gap therebetween with a large number of spacers (not shown) interposed therebetween, and the gap is depressurized and hermetically sealed to be maintained in a depressurized state. The gap is configured to function as a vacuum layer 5 for heat insulation.
Of the two glass sheets 3 and 4 constituting the vacuum insulated glass sheet P, in the glass sheet 4 disposed inside the main body case C, a surface opposite to the vacuum layer 5 is provided with Low-E having low radiation performance. The special metal film 6 is coated. Of course, in order to further enhance the heat insulation performance, the surface facing the vacuum layer 5 may be coated with a Low-E special metal film, and both surfaces of the glass sheet 4 may be coated with the Low-E special metal film. Further, in the glass sheet 3, either one or both surfaces may be coated with a Low-E special metal film. In short, at least one of the both surfaces of the glass sheet 3 and both surfaces of the glass sheet 4 is Low-E special metal film. It can be carried out by coating the membrane.
In order to efficiently collect solar heat, absorption of sunlight by the Low-E special metal film should be avoided as much as possible. Therefore, the sunlight transmittance of the low-E coated plate glass is at least 60% or more. It is desirable to do.
Further, it is desirable that the plate glasses 3 and 4 themselves do not absorb sunlight as much as possible. For that purpose, it is desirable to use a so-called white plate glass in which the FeO component contained in the glass is excluded, and furthermore, it is preferable to use a multilayer plate on the surface of the plate glass. It is also effective to reduce the reflection loss of sunlight by performing a film or a fine unevenness treatment.
[0021]
In the main body case C, the heat collector 7 that absorbs sunlight radiated through the cover glass sheet 2 and the vacuum multilayer glass P and rises in temperature is substantially parallel to the vacuum multilayer glass P. It is stored in.
The heat collector 7 is made of, for example, a metal plate material, and a tubular hot water storage tube 8 as a hot water storage portion is formed in the heat collector 7 itself by pressing the plate material. The outer surface of the heat collector 7 to be formed is coated with a selective absorbing material such as black chromium, black nickel, and gold-magnesium oxide cermet that promotes the absorption of sunlight and / or has a low radiation function. Have been.
The heat collector 7 has substantially the same plane area as the vacuum insulated glass P, and a hot water storage tube 8 is appropriately curved and piped over the entire surface thereof, and an air layer is provided between the vacuum insulated glass P and the heat collector 7. A hot water supply unit 10 for supplying water for heating is provided at one end of the hot water storage tube 8, and a hot water supply unit 11 for discharging hot water after heating is provided at the other end.
[0022]
According to the solar water heater having such a configuration, the heat collector 7 is heated by sunlight radiated through the cover glass sheet 2 and the vacuum double glazing P, and the heat collector 7 causes the inside of the hot water storage pipe 8 to be heated. Is heated, and the heated water is supplied from the hot water supply unit 11.
Then, after the hot water in the heat collector 7 and the hot water storage tube 8 is heated, the conduction of heat to the outside is effectively suppressed by the vacuum layer 5 of the vacuum multi-layer glass P, and for Low-E. The radiation of heat to the outside is also suppressed by the Low-E glass 4 coated with the special metal film 6, so that the water supplied from the water supply unit 10 into the hot water storage pipe 8 can be efficiently heated.
[0023]
[Another embodiment]
Next, another embodiment will be described. In order to avoid repetition, the configuration described in the previous embodiment and the configuration having the same operation will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only the configuration different from the embodiment will be described.
[0024]
(1) In the previous embodiment, a configuration was shown in which the vacuum insulated glass P was disposed on the upper surface of the main body case C, and the upper surface of the vacuum insulated glass P was covered with another sheet glass 2, as shown in FIG. 4. As described above, the present invention can be carried out without the cover glass sheet 2, and the gap between the glass sheets 3 and 4 constituting the vacuum insulated glass P is configured to function as a vacuum layer 5 for heat insulation. Although an example has been shown, the present invention can be carried out without using the vacuum insulating glass P.
For example, instead of the vacuum double-glazed glass P, an ordinary double-glazed glass filled with air or the like in the gap between the two glass plates 3 and 4 is used, and the space between the double-glazed glass and the heat collector 7, that is, In this embodiment, the air layer 9 can be decompressed to form a vacuum layer 5 for heat insulation.
[0025]
In addition, the embodiment can be carried out without using a double-layer glass. FIG. 5 shows an example of the embodiment, and the plate glass 12 located on the uppermost surface of the main body case C, in other words, the embodiment shown in the previous embodiment. The plate glass 12 corresponding to the cover plate glass 2 made of the transparent strengthened plate glass is configured to directly function as a transparent plate body. Therefore, the plate glass 12 and the main body case C are hermetically sealed by the sealing material S. .
Further, the space between the heat collector 7 forming the hot water storage tube 8 and the main body case C is also hermetically sealed by the sealing material S, and a spacer (not shown) for retaining the shape between the plate glass 12 and the heat collector 7. The gap between the glass sheet 12 and the heat collector 7 is depressurized with the interposition of the like, and is configured to function as a vacuum layer 5 for heat insulation. -E special metal film 6 is coated.
[0026]
(2) In the embodiments described above, an example in which the hot water storage pipe 8 as the hot water storage section is formed by the heat collector 7 itself has been described. However, the heat collector 7 and the hot water storage section can be variously modified. FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show one example.
In another embodiment shown in this figure, the heat collector 7 is formed in a flat plate shape, and the plate-shaped heat collector 7 is arranged inside the vacuum double glazing P and held by the main body case C. ing. The space between the bottom of the main body case C and the heat collector 7 is vertically divided by a horizontally extending horizontal wall body 13 except for a lower end portion located on the left side in FIG. 6, and as shown in FIG. In addition, a plurality of vertical wall bodies 14 extending in the vertical direction are divided into a plurality of sections, and a plurality of sectioned hot water storage chambers 15 as hot water storage sections are formed.
A large number of branched water supply units 10a branched from the water supply unit 10 are connected to the lower hot water storage room 15, and a large number of branch water supply units 11a branched from the hot water supply unit 11 are connected to the upper hot water storage room 15. Then, the hot water in the hot water storage chamber 15 is configured to circulate in the direction indicated by the arrow.
[0027]
(3) In the embodiments described above, the example in which the inner plate glass 4 or the cover plate glass 12 constituting the vacuum insulated glass P is made of the Low-E glass has been described, but the use of the Low-E glass is not necessarily required. It is not indispensable and can be carried out without using Low-E glass. In addition, although an example in which the plate glasses 3 and 12 are used as the transparent plate is shown, a transparent glass is used instead of the plate glasses 3 and 12. It can also be carried out using an acrylic plate or the like.
Furthermore, at the time of actual construction, separately from the solar water heater, a hot water storage tank or the like having an excellent heat retaining effect is used, and the hot water storage tank and the hot water supply unit 11 of the solar water heater are connected by piping, and the hot water is heated. It is also possible to sequentially supply hot water to the hot water storage tank to store hot water, and there is no question about the piping structure for the solar water heater.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a vertical side view of a solar water heater. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged vertical side view of a solar water heater. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional front view of a solar water heater. FIG. 4 is a vertical section of a solar water heater according to another embodiment. FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged longitudinal side view of a solar water heater according to another embodiment. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal side view of a solar water heater according to another embodiment. FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a solar water heater according to another embodiment. Cross-sectional front view [Description of symbols]
3, 12 Plate glass as a transparent plate 4 Plate glass 5 Vacuum layer 6 for heat insulation 6 Low-E treatment 7 Heat collector 8 Hot water storage tube 15 Hot water storage unit C Main body case P Vacuum insulated glass

Claims (6)

太陽光を吸収して昇温する集熱体が、本体ケースの表面側に配設された透明板体に沿って前記本体ケースに収納され、その集熱体によって前記本体ケースに収納された貯湯部内の湯水を加熱するように構成されている太陽熱温水器であって、
前記透明板体と集熱体との間のほぼ全面にわたって断熱用の真空層が設けられている太陽熱温水器。A heat collector that absorbs sunlight and raises the temperature is stored in the main case along the transparent plate disposed on the surface side of the main case, and the hot water stored in the main case by the heat collector A solar water heater configured to heat hot water in the unit,
A solar water heater provided with a vacuum layer for heat insulation over substantially the entire surface between the transparent plate and the heat collector. 前記透明板体が、板ガラスであって、その板ガラスと対面する別の板ガラスが、前記本体ケースの内側に配設されて、それら両板ガラスが、両板ガラス間に間隙部を有する複層ガラスに構成されている請求項１に記載の太陽熱温水器。The transparent plate is a plate glass, another plate glass facing the plate glass is disposed inside the main body case, and both the plate glasses are formed into a double glazing having a gap between both the plate glasses. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the solar water heater is provided. 前記複層ガラスが、前記間隙部を減圧状態に維持する真空複層ガラスであり、その真空複層ガラスの間隙部が、前記真空層として機能するように構成されている請求項２に記載の太陽熱温水器。3. The vacuum laminated glass according to claim 2, wherein the laminated glass is a vacuum laminated glass that maintains the gap in a reduced pressure state, and the gap of the vacuum laminated glass is configured to function as the vacuum layer. Solar water heater. 前記両板ガラスのうち、前記本体ケースの内側に配設された板ガラスが、前記間隙部と反対側の面にＬｏｗ−Ｅ処理の施されたＬｏｗ−Ｅガラスで構成されている請求項２または３に記載の太陽熱温水器。The plate glass disposed inside the main body case among the both plate glasses is made of Low-E glass having a surface opposite to the gap portion subjected to Low-E processing. The solar water heater according to 1. 前記透明板体が、板ガラスであって、その板ガラスの前記本体ケース内側の面にＬｏｗ−Ｅ処理が施されている請求項１に記載の太陽熱温水器。2. The solar water heater according to claim 1, wherein the transparent plate is a sheet glass, and a surface of the sheet glass inside the main body case is subjected to a Low-E treatment. 3. 前記貯湯部が、管状の貯湯管により構成されて、その貯湯管が、前記集熱体により形成されている請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載の太陽熱温水器。The solar water heater according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the hot water storage section is configured by a tubular hot water storage pipe, and the hot water storage pipe is formed by the heat collector.
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JP2013506817A (en) * 2009-10-05 2013-02-28 ハンター ダグラス インク Solar energy collector and heat storage device
JP2013145071A (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-07-25 Shunsaku Nakauchi Solar heat collecting system
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