JP2004171594A - System and method for loan management corresponding to security evaluation - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a system and a method for loan management, which allow users to easily perform security management when properties, the state or value of which tends to fluctuate, are made as security by acquiring the latest data related to security properties from a computer system, in which stock management of movable properties is performed, such as VMI, via a communication network. <P>SOLUTION: The loan management system has a security management database, which is provided with a loan balance management table, a security evaluation management table and a loan line calculation table. The loan management system is connected with an external system, in which information on security properties is recorded, such as a VMI system, and loanees terminals through a communication network. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

  The present invention relates to a loan management system and a loan management method for setting a loan limit in accordance with a collateral evaluation, and more particularly to a loan management system and a loan which are connected to a computer system for inventory management of movable property through a communication network to perform security management. It concerns the method of management.

  When conducting business related to the purchase and sale of movables, there is a period during which the movables are held as inventory. In the meantime, the business operator needs working capital to hold the inventory, but since there is no personal property registration system in Japan, in order to receive a loan using the inventory as collateral, the inventory is provided as transfer security Must. However, it is not easy for financial institutions to keep track of the stock quantity, location, market value, etc., which fluctuates every day, and even if they do, it is a constant task of managing the collateral capacity by comparing it with the loan balance. It will be caused in an unexpected way.

  On the other hand, with regard to the management of movable inventories, a method called SCM (Supply Chain Management), which performs real-time logistics management using a computer network, has become widespread, and it is possible to grasp data on inventory in real time. It has become. In addition, a method called VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) has emerged in which a warehouse dedicated to inventory is installed in a location adjacent to the supply destination and the status of inventory is computer-managed. Prior art documents related to the present application that the applicant has grasped are as follows (see Patent Document 1).

U.S. Pat. No. 5,319,544

  At present, it is extremely difficult for a financial institution to make a loan with inventory as collateral due to the above-mentioned problems related to collateral management. On the other hand, for real estate owned by factories, etc., there is a shortage of collateral for new borrowing because the collateral for the borrowing related to the acquisition of the real estate or the collateral value has declined due to the fall in real estate prices. There are not a few cases. Therefore, procurement of working capital for inventory is an important issue for companies.

  In order to deal with these problems, SCM and VMI always keep track of data on inventory, so if the data of SCM and VMI can be effectively linked with the data necessary for collateral management of financial institutions In addition, complicated procedures required for security management can be eliminated.

  The present invention relates to a case in which real-time data on a collateral is acquired from an external system such as an SCM or a VMI, in particular, a computer system that manages inventory of movables through a communication network, to collateralize a property whose status or value is likely to fluctuate. To provide a loan management system and a loan management method for facilitating collateral management.

  At the same time, a series of processes required for financing, such as executing a loan after confirming the collateral availability and financing line from the loan application and requesting additional collateral to be provided when the value of the collateral decreases due to changes in the value of the collateral, etc. The aim is to automate and enhance loan management.

  In the present invention, data relating to the secured property is acquired by connecting to an external database for managing the secured property through the Internet or the like, and the data relating to the valuation of the secured property acquired therefrom is compared with the data relating to the loan balance. Thus, a loan limit can be set for each borrower. Note that the borrower includes an applicant who has applied for a loan transaction for the first time, and the financing limit is a so-called financing line set as the upper limit of the financing amount for each borrower. By setting up a loan line, a loan recipient can secure a borrowing line for working capital and receive a flexible loan.

  It also obtains data about the collateral by connecting it to an external database that manages the collateral-provided properties through the Internet, etc. It is possible to manage excess or shortage of spare power. In this case, it is possible to manage the excess or deficiency of collateral in response to a loan made with a string for each collateral. Further, when the ownership of the collateral is transferred to a lender such as a financial institution in the form of transfer collateral or the like, it is possible to calculate the balance between the loan amount after the sale of the collateral and the excess or deficiency.

  On the premise of the above configuration, the present invention provides a provided property list that receives, from an applicant terminal operated by an applicant who applies for a loan to a financial institution, a provided property list that specifies a personal property provided by the applicant as collateral for the loan. Receiving means, and the provided property information specifying the movable property specified in the provided property list is transmitted to a computer system that performs inventory management of the movable property, and the owner, product name, number, or location of the movable property is transmitted from the computer system. A property inquiry information receiving means for receiving property inquiry information inquired about at least one of the following, and a collateral valuation of movable property included in the provided property list is calculated, and the owner acquired from the property inquiry information in the provided property list is provided; Attach information on at least one of the product name, quantity or location and the collateral valuation, and secure the collateral for the applicant. A collateral property evaluation list recording means for recording as a collateral property list, and a collateral for transmitting to the computer system an instruction signal for recording that collateral setting has been performed for movable property recorded as collateral property in the collateral property evaluation list. Record instructing means, balance recording means for recording the loan balance held by the financial institution for the applicant, and obtaining the loan balance for the applicant from the balance recording means, and recording the collateral property evaluation list Means for obtaining a security valuation value of the collateral provided by the applicant from means, and calculating a credit limit for the applicant from the loan balance and the security valuation amount. Is a loan management system.

  Further, the present invention provides a provided property list receiving means for receiving, from an applicant terminal operated by an applicant applying for a loan to a financial institution, a provided property list specifying a movable property provided by the applicant as collateral for the loan, The provided property information specifying the movable property specified in the provided property list is transmitted to a computer system that performs inventory management of the movable property, and the computer system transmits at least one of an owner, an article name, a number, or a location of the movable property. The property inquiry information receiving means for receiving the inquired property inquiry information, and calculating the collateral valuation value of the movable property included in the provided property list, and obtaining the owner, product name, quantity, or location obtained from the property inquiry information in the provided property list. Attach information relating to at least one of the above and the collateral valuation, and provide a collateral property evaluation list for the applicant. Means for recording a collateral property evaluation list, and a collateral record instruction for transmitting to the computer system an instruction signal for recording that collateral setting has been performed for a movable property recorded as a collateral property in the collateral property evaluation list. Means, a balance recording means for recording the loan balance that the financial institution has for the applicant, and obtaining the loan balance for the applicant from the balance recording means, from the collateral property evaluation list recording means A security excess / deficiency amount calculating means for acquiring a security evaluation value of the collateral provided by the applicant, and calculating an excess or deficiency of a security margin for the loan balance from the loan balance and the security evaluation value. It is a loan management system characterized by the following.

  In the present invention, when a so-called SPC (special purpose company) for managing a property to be secured by a borrower is provided, an external database for managing the secured property and a property management system in the SPC are provided through the Internet or the like. Connect, obtain data on collateral evaluation evaluated in the property management system of SPC, collate the data on collateral evaluation with data on loan balance, set a loan limit for each lender, It is possible to manage excess or shortage of spare power. The borrower and the significance of the financing limit are the same as described above. The same applies to the so-called financing with string or transfer collateral.

  The loan management system according to the present invention, by connecting to an external database for managing collateral-provided properties through the Internet or the like, easily obtains data relating to collateral properties and secures the property in the external database as well. Can be clarified. The method of collateral setting may include mortgage of real estate, pledge of movable property or transfer collateral. If it becomes necessary to release security for the property due to sale or the like, data on the property requested to be released can be received from an external database. The same applies to the case where the security setting is recorded in the SPC management system or a request for security release is received.

  As a computer system that manages inventory of movables, by linking with the SCM system or VMI system, etc., when setting up collateral for movables where it is difficult to grasp the situation of the property, the property owner, product name, number, current location, etc. Information can be obtained easily and quickly.

  Further, the present invention provides, from the computer system, a security release receiving means for receiving an instruction signal relating to a request for security release for a movable property recorded as a security property in a security property list, and a security property evaluation list recording means, A post-cancel collateral valuation calculating means for acquiring information about the collateral provided by the applicant and calculating a collateral valuation of the collateral excluding movable property which is the object of the collateral release request; and the balance recording means A security release determination unit that obtains the loan balance of the applicant from the loan balance and the collateral evaluation value calculated by the post-release security evaluation value calculation unit to determine whether or not to accept the request for security release, For the movable property that is determined to be able to accept the request for security release and is excluded from the security subject in the security property evaluation list, the computer system A security cancellation instruction means for transmitting an instruction signal for canceling the recording of the collateral may also be characterized in that it comprises.

  Further, the present invention provides a designated period recording means for recording a designated period defining a dwell period as a stock of movable property, which can be included in the collateral evaluation, for each type of movable property which is a collateral property; Obtain information on the stay period of the movable property that is a collateral property from the list recording means, obtain the designated period corresponding to the movable property from the designated period recording means, and obtain the information relating to the movable property whose stay period exceeds the designated period. Second collateral valuation calculating means for calculating a new collateral valuation amount excluding the valuation amount; obtaining a loan balance of the applicant from the balance recording means; and obtaining the loan balance and the new collateral valuation amount From the additional collateral determining means for determining the necessity of a request for additional collateral provision to the applicant, and the additional collateral determining means, if it is determined that additional collateral is necessary, the applicant terminal And additional security request means for transmitting an instruction signal for requesting a pressurized collateral may be characterized in that it comprises.

  Further, the present invention provides a designated period recording means for recording a designated period defining a dwell period as a stock of movable property, which can be included in the collateral evaluation, for each type of movable property which is a collateral property; Obtain information on the stay period of the movable property that is a collateral property from the list recording means, obtain the designated period corresponding to the movable property from the designated period recording means, and obtain the information relating to the movable property whose stay period exceeds the designated period. Second collateral valuation calculating means for calculating a new collateral valuation amount excluding the valuation amount; obtaining a loan balance of the applicant from the balance recording means; and obtaining the loan balance and the new collateral valuation amount The additional collateral judging means for judging the necessity of a request for providing additional collateral to the applicant and the additional collateral judging means determine that no additional collateral is required, and A second security cancellation instruction means for transmitting an instruction signal for canceling the recording of the security setting to the computer system for the movable property excluded from the calculation of the security valuation value by the amount calculation means may be provided. .

  Incidentally, the present invention can also be configured as a loan management method using each system, corresponding to the respective loan management systems according to the present invention.

  According to the present invention, financial institutions need to procure working capital for inventories, but can also grasp the status of inventories by cooperating with data such as the VMI system for businesses that have difficulty in financing due to lack of collateral. Then, it becomes possible to provide a working capital loan using the stock as collateral. In particular, companies in the growth period have a strong demand for increased working capital due to the increase in inventories, and the effect of supporting the growing companies is remarkable. Furthermore, since the latest data from a VMI system or the like can be used for security management, the security value of the financial institution can be enhanced by more accurately grasping the security value.

  For a company that receives a loan, it is easy to receive a working capital loan by using the movable inventory as collateral, which has been difficult to provide as collateral in the past. In addition, since the financing system is connected to the terminal of the company receiving the financing via the communication network, the financing application procedure is automated and the convenience is improved.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a system configuration according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the security management database according to the first to third embodiments of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a VMI database according to the present invention. 4 to 6 are diagrams illustrating examples of a loan balance management table, a security evaluation management table, and a loan line calculation table, respectively, in the security management database according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the property evaluation criterion database according to the present invention. FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are diagrams illustrating an example of a collateral management database and an example of a sold property settlement table in the second embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 10 to 13 show a flow from identification of collateral to execution of a loan, a flow of releasing collateral for delivery of collateral, and a stay of collateral for a specified number of days in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a flow in the case where the security value exceeds the limit, and a flow in a case where the market price of the collateral property fluctuates. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a specific example of the flow in the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a flow in the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a flow in the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a system configuration according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a security management database according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a flow in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 20 and FIG. 21 are diagrams showing the outline of the first to third embodiments and the fourth embodiment of the present invention, respectively.

  When a financial institution collects collateral and makes a loan, the collateral is specified in advance, a loan line is set according to the collateral value and the creditworthiness of the borrower, and the loan amount fluctuates within that frame There is a form of so-called lending financing in which a collateral property is specified in response to one financing contract. In the case of working capital financing, the required capital often increases and decreases within a certain range, so that the former financing line is generally set. Here, the former will be described as a first embodiment, and the latter will be described as a second embodiment.

  With regard to the method of setting collateral, it is common to set a security right such as a pledge on the target property, but especially in the case of movable property, the financial institution etc. will be the owner of the property as transfer security. There are cases. This case will be described as a third embodiment.

  In each of the above embodiments, it is assumed that a financial institution that makes a loan directly obtains information about a property such as a movable property provided by a borrower from a VMI system or the like and performs security management. However, some lenders have a special purpose company (SPC) to hold inventories and receive loans using these as collateral due to financial demands to off-balance inventories and associated borrowings. It may be established. In the case where the SPC is established and a loan is thus obtained, the above-described three embodiments can be used depending on the form of the loan. These will be collectively described as a fourth embodiment.

  FIG. 20 shows an example of the outline of the first to third embodiments. Here, a buyer who purchases a property such as a part from a supplier manages the purchased part in a VMI warehouse of a logistics company. By doing so, the bank obtains data from the VMI system and performs collateral evaluation, whereby the bank can execute a loan of working capital to the buyer. On the other hand, FIG. 21 shows an example of the outline of the fourth embodiment. Here, an SPC having a trading company function for purchasing movables such as parts from a supplier is established, and the SPC is purchased. By managing the parts in the logistics company's VMI warehouse, the SPC obtains data from the VMI system, performs inventory management and evaluation, and obtains this evaluation data by the bank and uses it as collateral evaluation. Financing of the working capital to the SPC can be executed. In this case, the bank may directly acquire the data from the VMI system as shown in FIG. 20, but in view of the fact that the SPC is actually established for the purpose of managing the collateral, the structure as shown in FIG. It is considered a preferred embodiment to be performed.

  In the following, a method of security evaluation and loan management in each of the first to third embodiments will be described first.

  FIG. 1 shows a configuration of the loan management system according to the present invention when the collateral is a movable property and the movable property is managed by a VMI system. FIG. 1 is an example of an embodiment of the present invention, in which a loan management system manages a movable object which is a collateral object by an SCM system, or a collateral object is connected to an external database which manages real estate by real estate. In some cases.

  In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, an inventory finance system 10, which is a loan management system, is connected to a VMI database 21 and a borrower terminal 30 in a VMI system 20 through a communication network such as the Internet. The inventory finance system 10 includes a processing device 11, a security management database 12, a commodity market database 13, a property evaluation standard database 14, and a borrower safety database 15. The security management database 12 includes a loan balance management table 121, a security evaluation management table 122, and a loan line calculation table 123.

  As shown in FIG. 2, each table of the security management database 12 is connected to another database. The commodity market condition database 13 and the property evaluation criterion database 14 are connected to a collateral evaluation management table 122. The borrower safety database 15 is connected to the financing line calculation table 123.

  Of these, the loan line calculation table 123 is replaced with a collateral excess / deficiency management table in the second embodiment of the present invention. In the third embodiment of the present invention, the security management database 12 includes a sold property settlement table 124.

  Since the inventory finance system 10 is connected to the VMI database 21 through a communication network such as the Internet, it is possible to acquire the latest property information from the VMI database 21 without going to a site such as a warehouse. When identifying a property, it is possible to confirm the location and owner of the property, and to keep track of information such as whether or not a secured property exists even after setting the security.

  As described above, the data relating to the security property acquired from the VMI database 21 is transmitted to the security management database 12, and the latest data relating to the security evaluation is recorded in the security evaluation management table 122. When the security is set, data indicating the setting is transmitted to the VMI system 20, and the fact that the security is set is recorded in the VMI database 21 as shown in the example of FIG. Note that the term “collateral registration” in FIG. 3 includes both a case where a pledge is set for the movable property and a case where a transfer security right is set and the owner is changed to a financial institution. .

  In the security evaluation in the security evaluation management table 122, the market value of the property to be secured is acquired from the commodity market condition database 13, and the unit price of the property is periodically changed for the security evaluation. In addition, the property evaluation standard database 14 indicates that a property with a high volatility in consideration of a price fluctuation rate of the property in question for a specified period for each property in which the property is generally obsolete and loses commercial value. , And these data can be reflected in the security evaluation in the security evaluation management table 122.

  In the calculation of the loan line in the loan line management table 123, a crossover that takes into account the creditworthiness of the borrower can be added to the loan balance and the security margin calculated from the security evaluation. In this case, the borrower safety database 15 records data indicating the credibility, such as rating data, of the credibility of each borrower. These data are used to calculate the financing line in the This can be reflected in the calculation of the excess and deficiency in the shortage management table.

  FIG. 4 shows an example of the loan balance management table 121 according to the first embodiment. In the case where a plurality of loans have been made to the same borrower, the total loan balance of each borrower is recorded. Company A has been financed three times, with a total of 45 million yen recorded as the current balance of each. If the repayment of a part of the initial loan amount is in progress, it is reflected in the loan balance (for example, code A01).

  FIG. 5 shows an example of the security evaluation management table 122 according to the first embodiment. For the location and quantity of the property, the latest data is obtained from the VMI database 21 at a frequency of once a day, for example. Regarding the location of the property, if it is manually, the inventory check in the warehouse is the limit, but by taking data from the VMI database 21, it is possible to cover not only the warehouse but also the case where it is outside the warehouse such as a transport vehicle. it can.

  In addition, by recording the storage date at the time of setting the security, the number of days of stay in the stock can be automatically calculated. In preparation for the risk that the collateral property will become obsolete and lose value, a designated period is determined in advance for each property and compared with the number of stay days calculated in the collateral evaluation management table 122. Can be managed. The staying period for the code c001 of Company C is 123 days, but if the designated period of the CPU 20 type, which is the object of c001, is set to be 120 days and the collateral value is zero, the security related to c001 Evaluation is zero. This designated period is recorded in the property evaluation standard database 14.

  The calculation of the security value in the security evaluation management table 122 is performed by multiplying the quantity of the security property by the unit price. As for the unit price, by acquiring the latest data from the commodity market condition database 13, an evaluation reflecting the latest market condition can be performed.

  Further, in the collateral evaluation management table 122, the collateral value obtained by multiplying the quantity of the collateral property by the unit price can be multiplied by a multiplication factor corresponding to the volatility of price fluctuation for each valuable property. The multiplication value is recorded in the property evaluation standard database 14 in consideration of the past price fluctuation rate for each property.

  The thus calculated collateral value for each property is managed as a collateral valuation amount totaled for each lender. In FIG. 5, the total value of the security evaluation of Company A is 53.9 million yen.

  FIG. 6 illustrates an example of the loan line calculation table 123 according to the first embodiment. The financing line, which is the upper limit of the financing amount for each borrower, is determined in consideration of the security margin calculated by subtracting the loan balance from the collateral evaluation value for each borrower. Here, a value obtained by multiplying the security margin by a safety factor determined in consideration of the creditworthiness of each borrower can be determined as a loan line. The numerical value of the safety multiplier is recorded in the borrower security database 15. The new loan line is calculated from the total of the loan balance and the collateral valuation amount for each borrower, and can be determined so that a new loan can be accepted in principle within a specified frame. If the financing line is determined depending on the security margin and the creditworthiness of the borrower is not taken into consideration, the financing line can be set to 1 with the safety multiplier uniformly set to 1.

  Further, the loan line calculation table 123 can be provided with an item regarding the necessity of an additional security request so that the provision of additional security can be requested when the security margin becomes negative. In FIG. 6, the security capacity of Company C is minus 3 million yen, and a check is made to indicate that additional security request is required for Company C. The processing device 11 can search this check and transmit a request to provide additional security to the corresponding borrower via a communication network such as the Internet.

  FIG. 7 shows an example of the property evaluation criterion database 14. It is possible to record a designated period, which is a general obsolescence period for each property, and an evaluation score in consideration of a price fluctuation rate.

  Here, a second embodiment, which is a so-called loan with a string that specifies a collateral property in accordance with each loan contract, will be described. In the second embodiment, in the security management database 12, the loan line calculation table 123 is replaced with a security excess / deficiency management table 124 as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 8 illustrates an example of the configuration of the security management database 12 according to the second embodiment. The items in the loan balance management table 121 and the collateral evaluation management table 122 are the same as those in the first embodiment, but since the individual loans and the collateral are in a correspondence relationship, the loans are similar to those in the first embodiment. A code number is assigned to each loan contract unit and corresponding collateral, instead of managing the total amount by destination. In the first embodiment, instead of the financing line calculation table 123 in which the financing line is calculated from the total amount for each borrower, a security excess / deficiency management table 124 is provided for each code number. Is calculated, and a request for additional security is made when a security shortage occurs, as in the first embodiment.

  Next, a description will be given of a third embodiment in which a financial institution or the like is the owner of the property in name as transfer security. In the third embodiment, the collateral management database 12 has a sold property settlement table 125 as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 9 shows an example of the configuration of a sold property settlement table 125 according to the third embodiment. The financial institution that provided the loan once obtains the price of the sale of the collateral, but then calculates the difference between the loan balance and the sale amount of the collateral, and calculates the settlement amount. The settlement amount may be calculated in a case where interest is paid separately or in a case where the interest payment is included. These settlement amounts are transferred from the financial institution or the like to the designated account of the borrower or, if insufficient, the borrower pays the shortage to the financial institution.

  The flow (from identification of security to execution of loan) in the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

  An applicant (loan) desiring to apply for a loan first specifies a collateral property that can be provided to receive a loan (S100), and transmits data to the inventory finance system 10. The inventory finance system 10 inquires of the VMI system 20 about the status of the property, such as the owner and location (S101). The VMI system 20 searches for the inquired property (S102), and transmits inventory data relating to the property to the inventory finance system 10 (S103). The inventory financing system 10 receives the inventory data and records it in the security management database 12 (S104). In the stock finance system 10, the security value is calculated in the security management database 12 (S105), and a loan line for the applicant is set (S106). At the same time, data is transmitted to the VMI system 20 to record the security setting (S107).

  When a loan application is made by the applicant (finance destination) (S108), the inventory finance system 10 checks the loan amount desired by the applicant against the loan line recorded in the collateral management database 12 to determine whether or not to make a loan. (S109). If the application amount exceeds the loan line, it is determined that the loan is rejected (S110), and the applicant is notified that the loan is rejected (S111). The rejected applicant may specify a new additional collateral property (S100) and undergo a loan examination again. If the application amount does not exceed the loan line, the execution of the loan is determined (S112), and the loan is executed (S113). The loan balance is recorded in the collateral management database 12 of the inventory finance system 10 (S114), and a new loan line reflecting the loan balance is set (S115).

  The flow of the first embodiment of the present invention (in the case where the security is released for delivery of the secured property) will be described with reference to FIG.

  When the VMI system 20 receives an instruction for delivery of the stock as a collateral (S200), it is necessary to release the security right for the stock. When the inventory financing system 10 is requested to release security (S201), the inventory financing system 10 calculates a new security evaluation of the property after security is released (S202), and calculates a new security evaluation value. It is determined whether there is surplus collateral (S203). If there is sufficient security, the security is determined to be released (S204), the security is released (S214), and the record of the security property is deleted from the VMI system 20 (S215). On the other hand, when it is determined that the security is insufficient, the borrower is requested to provide additional security (S205), and the requested borrower specifies a new collateral (S206). After that, it is the same as the above float, but after the additional security is set, the security is released (S214), and the record of the security property is deleted from the VMI system 20 (S215).

  The flow in the first embodiment of the present invention (when the collateral stays more than the specified number of days) will be described with reference to FIG.

  In the security management database 12 of the inventory finance system 10, the number of days of stay of the security property is automatically updated and recorded (S300). When the number of staying days exceeds the specified number of days (S301), the security evaluation value when the property is excluded is calculated, and it is determined whether or not the new security evaluation value has a security margin (S302). If it is determined that there is enough collateral, it is determined that the property is to be unsecured (S303), the security is released (S313), and the record of the secured property is erased from the VMI system 20 (S314). ). On the other hand, when it is determined that the security is insufficient, the borrower is requested to provide additional security (S304), and thereafter, the flow is the same as the previous flow (S305 to S314).

  The flow of the first embodiment of the present invention (when the market value of the collateral property fluctuates) will be described with reference to FIG.

  The security management database 12 of the inventory finance system 10 receives market data from the commodity market database 13 regarding the market value of the collateral (S400). When the market value is updated, a new collateral valuation is calculated (S401), and it is determined whether or not there is surplus collateral for the new collateral valuation (S402). If there is sufficient security, the security management is continued (S403). If it is determined that the security is insufficient, the borrower is requested to provide additional security (S404). The borrower receiving the request specifies a new collateral (S405), and the subsequent flow is the same as the previous flow (S406 to S412).

  A specific example of the flow according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

When Company A makes an application for starting a loan transaction, it also specifies the stock X managed by the VMI system as a security property (a1). The financial institution or the like, which is the administrator of the inventory finance system, receives data such as the location of X and the date of receipt from the VMI system (a2). If the security value of X is calculated to be 10 million yen, the loan line is set to 8 million yen if the safety multiplication according to the creditworthiness of company A is 0.8 (a3).

When Company A applies for a further loan of 4 million yen (b1), the loan is executed because the loan line of Company A is within the frame of 8 million yen (b2). After the loan is executed, the balance will be 4 million yen, so the security loan value will be reduced by 4 million yen to 6 million yen, multiplied by a safety multiplier of 0.8, and the new loan will be 4.8 million yen. It becomes a line (b3).

If the unit price of X, which is a collateral, falls by 20% (c1), the collateral value of X is also changed to the market value base, and it becomes 8 million yen, which is 20% less than 10 million yen. As a result, the new financing line of Company A is 3.2 million yen obtained by multiplying 8 million yen by subtracting 4 million yen in loan balance from 4 million yen and multiplying the safety multiplication factor by 0.8 (c2).

If the number of days spent in X has exceeded the specified number of days (d1), X is not subject to the security evaluation, and the security balance of Company A's loan of 4 million yen divided by the safety factor of 0.8 is 5 million yen. It is calculated as the security shortfall amount when the right is released (d2). The financial institution requests company A to provide additional security (d3), and company A specifies Y as a new security property (d4). The financial institution receives data such as the location and the date of receipt of Y from the VMI system (d5), and when the collateral value of Y is calculated to be 14 million yen, the security margin is reduced to 10 million by subtracting the loan balance of 4 million yen. A new loan line is set to 8 million yen by multiplying by the safety factor of 0.8 (d6). Then, the financial institution releases the security interest over X (d7).

The flow of the second embodiment of the invention (in the case of a so-called loan with a string that specifies a collateral property corresponding to each loan contract) will be described with reference to FIG.

An applicant (financed party) who wants to apply for a loan specifies a collateral property that can be provided together with the application for a loan (S500). The inventory financing system 10 inquires of the VMI system 20 about the status of the property, such as the owner and location (S501). The VMI system 20 searches for the inquired property (S502), and transmits inventory data relating to the property to the inventory finance system 10 (S503). The inventory financing system 10 receives the inventory data and records it in the security management database 12 (S504). When the security value is calculated in the security management database 12 in the stock finance system 10 (S505), the loan application amount is collated with the security value (S506), and it is determined whether or not there is sufficient security (S507).

If the security is insufficient, it is determined that the loan is rejected (S508), and the applicant is notified that the loan is rejected (S509). The rejected applicant may specify a new additional collateral property (S510) and undergo a loan examination again. If there is sufficient collateral, the loan is determined to be executed (S511), and the loan is executed (S514). At the same time, a security right is set (S512), and the security right setting is recorded in the VMI system 20 (S513). The loan balance is recorded in the security management database 12 of the inventory finance system 10 (S515).

Of the flows in the third embodiment of the invention (in the case where a financial institution or the like is the owner of the property as transfer security), the flow of settlement with the borrower after selling the security property will be described with reference to FIG. Will be explained.

When the VMI system 20 receives a sale instruction for a property to be secured (S600), the secured property is sold (S601), and data recorded on the sale is transmitted to the inventory finance system 10 (S602). When the inventory finance system 10 receives and records data related to the sale of the collateral (S604), the settlement amount is calculated from the sale price and the loan balance (S604). The excess or deficiency of the settlement amount is calculated (S605), and if there is a remainder, the settlement amount is settled to the borrower by a transfer or the like (S606 to S607). If the sale price is insufficient for the loan balance, the borrower is requested to pay the shortage amount (S608), and the borrower pays the shortage amount, thereby completing the settlement (S609 to S610).

Next, the fourth embodiment for establishing an SPC will be described. In this embodiment, the configuration of the system provided mainly in the financial institution and the mode of receiving data from the VMI system are different from those of the first to third embodiments. This will be mainly described. Also in the fourth embodiment, there are methods corresponding to the above-described first to third embodiments for the method of security evaluation and loan management.

In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 17, the inventory finance system 10, which is a loan management system, is connected to the borrower terminal 30 and the inventory management database 16 through a communication network such as the Internet. The inventory management database 16 is managed by the SPC. The inventory management table 161 capable of transmitting and receiving data to and from the VMI database 21 in the VMI system 20 through a communication network such as the Internet, and inventory evaluation using the data of the inventory management table 161. It includes a recorded inventory evaluation table 162. The inventory management database 16 is connected to the commodity market database 13 and the property evaluation standard database 14. The inventory finance system 10 includes a processing device 11, a collateral management database 12, and a borrower security database 15. The security management database 12 includes a loan balance management table 121, a security evaluation management table 122, and a loan line calculation table 123.

As shown in FIG. 18, the inventory management database 16 and the security management database 12 have respective tables connected to other databases. The commodity market condition database 13 and the property evaluation standard database 14 are connected to the inventory evaluation table 162 of the inventory management database 16, and the data recorded in the inventory management table 161 is stored in the inventory evaluation table 162 with reference to these databases. Record inventory valuation. The security evaluation management table 122 of the security management database 12 acquires the evaluation data of the stock as the security from the inventory evaluation table 162 of the stock management database 16 and manages the security evaluation. The borrower safety database 15 is connected to the financing line calculation table 123. The loan line calculation table 123 may be replaced with a security excess / deficiency management table, and the security management database 12 includes a sold property settlement table 124 according to the difference between the security evaluation and the loan management embodiment. You may.

In the fourth embodiment, the SPC obtains real-time inventory data from the VMI system, and manages the inventory data in the SPC and the collateral management in the financial institution as one, so that the first to third embodiments are performed. The collateral evaluation and loan management according to the embodiment can be performed. That is, since the inventory finance system 10 can perform collateral management reflecting the data of the VMI database 21 through a communication network such as the Internet, the latest property information can be obtained from the VMI database 21 without going to the site such as a warehouse. When the collateral property is specified, the location and the owner of the property can be confirmed, and information such as whether or not the collateral property exists can be continuously grasped even after the security is set.

A flow according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

When an SPC for obtaining a loan using the VMI system is established by performing buyer inventory management, inventory data is transmitted from the VMI system 20 to the SPC (S1100), and the received inventory data is stored in the inventory management database 16. Is recorded in the inventory management table 161 (S1101). Further, the inventory evaluation is calculated with reference to the inventory data, the commodity market condition database 13 and the property evaluation standard database 14, and is recorded in the inventory evaluation table 162 (S1102).

Next, when the borrower SPC applies for financing from the borrower terminal 30 or the like to the financial institution (S1200), a collateral property that can be provided to receive the loan is specified, and the inventory specified as the collateral property is evaluated for inventory. The data related to the inventory evaluation recorded in the table 162 is transmitted to the inventory finance system 10 (S1201). When this data is received by the inventory finance system 10, the data is recorded in the security evaluation management table 122 of the security management database 12 (S1202), and the loan is executed (S1203). If the value of the collateral is less than a certain amount such as the loan application amount, the loan may be rejected. When the loan is executed, the loan balance is recorded in the loan balance recording table 121 of the security management database 12 (S1204), and the security setting is recorded in the inventory management table 161 of the inventory management database 16 (S1205). Further, the security setting may be recorded in the VMI database 21 (S1206).

When the buyer pays the SPC, the loan is repaid from the payment (S1300). When the inventory financing system 10 receives data related to loan repayment from the borrower terminal 30 or the like, a decrease in the balance corresponding to the repayment amount is recorded in the loan balance record table 121 of the collateral management database 12 (S1301). When an instruction to release security is transmitted from the inventory finance system 10 (S1302), the release of security is recorded in the inventory management table 161 of the inventory management database 16 (S1303). Further, the security release may be recorded in the VMI database 21 (S1304).

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a system configuration according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram showing composition of a collateral management database in a 1st-3rd embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a VMI database according to the present invention. It is a figure showing the example of the loan balance management table of the security management database in a 1st embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a security evaluation management table of a security management database according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing an example of a loan line calculation table of a collateral management database in a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing the example of the article evaluation standard database in the present invention. It is a figure showing the example of the collateral management database in a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing the example of the sale article settlement table in a 2nd embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure in the 1st Embodiment of this invention which shows the flow (from identification of security to execution of a loan). It is a figure in the 1st Embodiment of this invention which shows the flow (in the case of canceling collateral for collateral delivery). It is a figure in the 1st Embodiment of this invention which shows the flow (when the stay of a collateral exceeds the designated number of days). It is a figure in the 1st Embodiment of this invention which shows the flow (when the market value of a collateral property fluctuates). FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of a flow according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention which shows the flow. It is a figure showing the flow of the article for sale sale in a 3rd embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram showing a system configuration in a fourth embodiment of the present invention. It is a block diagram showing composition of a collateral management database in a 4th embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing the flow in a 4th embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing the outline of the 1st-3rd embodiments of the present invention. It is a figure showing the outline of the 4th embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of reference numerals

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Inventory finance system 11 Processing device 12 Collateral management database 121 Loan balance management table 122 Collateral evaluation management table 123 Loan line calculation table 124 Collateral excess / shortage management table 125 Sold property settlement table 13 Commodity market database 14 Property evaluation standard database 15 Financing destination Database 16 inventory management database 161 inventory management table 162 inventory evaluation table 20 VMI system 21 VMI database 30 borrower terminal

Claims (10)

Provided property list receiving means for receiving a provided property list that specifies a movable property provided by the applicant as collateral from an applicant terminal operated by an applicant who applies for a loan to a financial institution;
The provided property information specifying the movable property specified in the provided property list is transmitted to a computer system that performs inventory management of the movable property, and the computer system transmits at least one of an owner, an article name, a number, or a location of the movable property. A property inquiry information receiving means for receiving property inquiry information inquired about
Calculate the collateral valuation value of the movable property included in the provided property list, and attach the information on at least one of the owner, product name, quantity, or location obtained from the property reference information and the collateral valuation value to the provided property list And a collateral property evaluation list recording means for recording as a collateral property evaluation list for the applicant;
For the movable property recorded as a security property in the security property evaluation list, security record instruction means for transmitting an instruction signal to record that the security setting has been performed to the computer system,
Balance recording means for recording the loan balance that the financial institution has for the applicant,
Acquiring the loan balance of the applicant from the balance recording means, acquiring the security evaluation value of the security property provided by the applicant from the security property evaluation list recording means, and obtaining the security evaluation value from the loan balance and the security evaluation value A loan limit calculating means for calculating a loan limit for the applicant,
A loan management system comprising: Provided property list receiving means for receiving a provided property list that specifies a movable property provided by the applicant as collateral from an applicant terminal operated by an applicant who applies for a loan to a financial institution;
The provided property information specifying the movable property specified in the provided property list is transmitted to a computer system that performs inventory management of the movable property, and the computer system transmits at least one of an owner, an article name, a number, or a location of the movable property. A property inquiry information receiving means for receiving property inquiry information inquired about
Calculate the collateral valuation value of the movable property included in the provided property list, and attach the information on at least one of the owner, product name, quantity, or location obtained from the property reference information and the collateral valuation value to the provided property list And a collateral property evaluation list recording means for recording as a collateral property evaluation list for the applicant;
For the movable property recorded as a security property in the security property evaluation list, security record instruction means for transmitting an instruction signal to record that the security setting has been performed to the computer system,
Balance recording means for recording the loan balance that the financial institution has for the applicant,
Acquiring the loan balance of the applicant from the balance recording means, acquiring the security evaluation value of the security property provided by the applicant from the security property evaluation list recording means, and obtaining the security evaluation value from the loan balance and the security evaluation value A security excess / deficiency calculating means for calculating a security excess / deficiency amount for the loan balance,
A loan management system comprising: From the computer system, security release receiving means for receiving an instruction signal according to a request for security release for movable property recorded as a security property in the security property list,
Obtaining information about the collateral provided by the applicant from the collateral property evaluation list recording means, and calculating the collateral valuation of the collateral excluding movable property that is the object of the collateral release request. Amount calculation means,
A security release that acquires the loan balance of the applicant from the balance recording means and determines whether or not to accept the request for security cancellation from the loan balance and the security evaluation value calculated by the security evaluation value calculation means after cancellation. Determining means;
It is determined that the security release request can be accepted, and for the movable property excluded from the security object in the security property evaluation list, a security release instruction for transmitting an instruction signal for releasing the recording of the security setting to the computer system. Means,
The loan management system according to claim 1, further comprising: A designated period recording means for recording a designated period that defines a stay period as a stock of movables that can be included in the collateral evaluation for each type of movable property that is a collateral property;
Obtaining information about the stay period of the movable property that is the secured property from the secured property evaluation list recording means, acquiring the designated period corresponding to the movable property from the designated period recording means, and setting the stay period to the designated period. A second security valuation calculating means for calculating a new security valuation excluding a valuation relating to excess personal property;
An additional security determining unit that obtains a loan balance of the applicant from the balance recording unit and determines a necessity of a request for providing additional security to the applicant based on the loan balance and the new security evaluation value;
When the additional security determination means determines that additional security is necessary, additional security requesting means for transmitting an instruction signal for requesting the applicant terminal to provide additional security,
The loan management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: A designated period recording means for recording a designated period that defines a stay period as a stock of movables that can be included in the collateral evaluation for each type of movable property that is a collateral property;
Obtaining information about the stay period of the movable property that is the secured property from the secured property evaluation list recording means, acquiring the designated period corresponding to the movable property from the designated period recording means, and setting the stay period to the designated period. A second security valuation calculating means for calculating a new security valuation excluding a valuation relating to excess personal property;
An additional security determining unit that obtains a loan balance of the applicant from the balance recording unit and determines a necessity of a request for providing additional security to the applicant based on the loan balance and the new security evaluation value;
When the additional security determining means determines that additional security is not necessary, the second security evaluation value calculating means cancels the recording of the security setting in the computer system for the movable property excluded from the calculation of the security evaluation value. Second security release instruction means for transmitting an instruction signal,
The loan management system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: A loan management system, from an applicant terminal operated by an applicant who applies for a loan to a financial institution, accepting a provided property list that specifies a movable property provided by the applicant as collateral for a loan,
The loan management system, the provided property information specifying the movable property specified in the provided property list, transmitting to a computer system that performs inventory management of movable property,
The loan management system receives from the computer system property inquiring information for at least one of an owner, a product name, a quantity, or a location of the movable property,
The loan management system calculates a collateral valuation of movable property included in the provided property list, and information on at least one of an owner, a product name, a quantity, or a location obtained from the property reference information in the provided property list. Attaching the collateral valuation value and recording the collateral valuation list in the collateral valuation list recording unit as a collateral valuation list for the applicant;
The loan management system, for the movable property recorded as a security property in the security property evaluation list, transmitting to the computer system an instruction signal for recording that security setting has been performed,
The loan management system obtains the loan balance of the applicant from a balance recording unit that records the loan balance that the financial institution has for the applicant, and obtains the applicant balance from the collateral property evaluation list recording unit. Obtaining a collateral valuation value of the collateral provided by, and calculating a loan limit for the applicant from the loan balance and the collateral valuation amount;
A method of loan management, comprising: A loan management system, from an applicant terminal operated by an applicant who applies for a loan to a financial institution, accepting a provided property list that specifies a movable property provided by the applicant as collateral for a loan,
The loan management system, the provided property information specifying the movable property specified in the provided property list, transmitting to a computer system that performs inventory management of movable property,
The loan management system receives from the computer system property inquiring information for at least one of an owner, a product name, a quantity, or a location of the movable property,
The loan management system calculates a collateral valuation of movable property included in the provided property list, and information on at least one of an owner, a product name, a quantity, or a location obtained from the property reference information in the provided property list. Attaching the collateral valuation value and recording the collateral valuation list in the collateral valuation list recording unit as a collateral valuation list for the applicant;
The loan management system, for the movable property recorded as a security property in the security property evaluation list, transmitting to the computer system an instruction signal for recording that security setting has been performed,
The loan management system obtains the loan balance of the applicant from a balance recording unit that records the loan balance that the financial institution has for the applicant, and obtains the applicant balance from the collateral property evaluation list recording unit. Obtaining a collateral valuation value of the collateral provided by, and calculating the excess or deficiency of the security margin for the loan balance from the loan balance and the collateral valuation amount,
A method of loan management, comprising: The loan management system receives, from the computer system, an instruction signal relating to a request to cancel collateral for a movable property recorded as a collateral property in a collateral property list,
The loan management system obtains information on the collateral provided by the applicant from the collateral property evaluation list recording unit, and calculates the collateral evaluation value of the collateral excluding the movable property that is the object of the collateral release request. Calculating,
Obtaining a loan balance for the applicant from the balance recording unit, and determining whether to accept the request for cancellation of the security from the loan balance and the security evaluation value calculated in the step, ,
The loan management system determines that it is possible to receive the request for collateral release, and an instruction signal for releasing the record of the collateral setting in the computer system for the movable property excluded from the collateral in the collateral property evaluation list. Sending a
The method for loan management according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising: The loan management system, from the collateral property evaluation list recording unit to obtain information on the stay period of movable property that has become a collateral property,
The loan management system responds to the movable property from a designated period recording unit that records a designated period that defines a dwell period as inventory of movable property that can be included in the collateral evaluation for each type of movable property that is a collateral property. Obtaining a specified period of time to do;
The loan management system calculates a new collateral valuation excluding the valuation of movable property in which the stay period exceeds the designated period,
A step in which the loan management system obtains the loan balance of the applicant from the balance recording unit and determines the necessity of requesting the applicant to provide additional security from the loan balance and the new security evaluation value; When,
When the loan management system determines that additional collateral is required in the step, transmitting an instruction signal for requesting the applicant terminal to provide additional collateral,
The loan management method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, further comprising: The loan management system, from the collateral property evaluation list recording unit to obtain information on the stay period of movable property that has become a collateral property,
The loan management system responds to the movable property from a designated period recording unit that records a designated period that defines a dwell period as inventory of movable property that can be included in the collateral evaluation for each type of movable property that is a collateral property. Obtaining a specified period of time to do;
The loan management system calculates a new collateral valuation excluding the valuation of movable property in which the stay period exceeds the designated period,
A step in which the loan management system obtains the loan balance of the applicant from the balance recording unit and determines the necessity of requesting the applicant to provide additional security from the loan balance and the new security evaluation value; When,
If the loan management system determines that no additional collateral is required in the step, the record of the collateral setting is released in the computer system for the movable property excluded from the calculation of the collateral value in the step of calculating the new collateral value. Transmitting an instruction signal for performing
The loan management method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, further comprising: