JP2004166925A - Mattress - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mattress which shows excellent body pressure dispersion performance and air permeability, is highly effective for preventing bedsores, enables a hospitalized patient or a person in need of nursing care to move comfortably because of easiness in getting up and moving on a bed and of a stable feeling when sitting on the mattress, and faciliates nursing care by a caregiver. <P>SOLUTION: The mattress is formed of resin foam and shows the excellent body pressure dispersion performance by a plurality of protruding parts provided upright continuously on the upper surface. A part with the upper surface hardness larger than that of the upper surface of the central part of the mattress is formed along at least a part of the peripheral edge part of the mattress, and the part has a width of at least 150 mm from the end part of the mattress. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【００４８】
また、上記マットレス（加工後）の硬さをＪＩＳ Ｋ ６４０１に準拠して測定した結果を表２に示す。なお、周縁部の硬さを測定する際は、円形加圧板がマットレスの端部からはみ出さないようにした。
【００４９】
【表２】

【００５０】
上記マットレスを使用して、被験者７名による体圧分布の測定を行った。試験はニッタ社製タクタイルセンサシートＢＩＧＭＡＴ２０００と測定システムＶＩＲＴＵＡＬを使用した。体圧センサは、１ｃｍ間隔で左右方向４４ピクセル、縦方向９６ピクセル、計４２２４ピクセルの圧計測が可能なものを２枚使用した。計測は、対象者が背臥位となってから２分経過した後に、１秒間隔で６回行い、その平均値（ｍｍＨｇ）を各ピクセルの代表値とした。得られた結果を４階級に分け、各階級のピクセル数を表３に示した。また、比較のために、市販品マットレス（合成繊維を型に充填して成形したもの）につき、同じ被験者７名による体圧分布の測定を同様にして行った。結果を表３に併せて示す。
【００５１】
【表３】

【００５２】
上記階級の境界となっている圧力のうち、３２ｍｍＨｇは毛細血管が閉鎖するとされている圧であり、６０ｍｍＨｇはヒトにおいて１時間で組織虚血が生ずるとされている圧であり、１００ｍｍＨｇは２時間の圧迫でラット下腿部に非可逆的な変化が生ずる圧である。表３から分かるように、実施例のマットレスでは、比較例のものと比べて３２ｍｍＨｇ以上のピクセル数が顕著に少なく、特に６０ｍｍＨｇ以上のピクセル数は極めて少なく、体圧分散性能が優れている。就寝時間の長い使用者でも、このレベルの圧力では褥瘡はほとんど生じないことが確認されている。
【００５３】
次に、上記マットレスにつき、寝返りのし易さ、ベッド上での移動のし易さ、ベッドの端に腰掛けたときの安定感を、上面全体に突部１２ｂが形成されたマットレスを比較対象として、１０名の被験者に、［良い、どちらでもない、悪い］の３段階で評価させた。結果を人数で表４に示す。
【００５４】
【表４】

なお、以上ではマットレスの幅が約８３０ｍｍの場合について述べたが、これと異なる幅のマットレスは、突部の幅方向の数及び側部の突部の幅等を増減することにより得られる。
【００５５】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、体圧分散性能及び通気が優れるため褥瘡防止効果が高く、かつ、ベッド上での起き上がり易さ、移動のし易さ、腰掛けた時の安定感等が良好で入院患者や要介護者が快適に行動でき、また介護者が介護し易いマットレスが得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の一実施例にかかるマットレスＡに側地を被せた状態（一部欠截）を示す斜視図である。
【図２】図１のマットレスの平面図である。
【図３】図１のマットレスの幅方向側面を示す端面図である。
【図４】図１のマットレスの前面（背面）を示す端面図である。
【図５】図３の部分拡大図である。
【符号の説明】
Ａ……マットレス
１１ａ，１１ｂ，１１ｃ，１２ａ，１２ｂ，１２ｃ……突部
１１ｄ，１２ｄ……突条部
１３……円弧状溝
２０……側地[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention mainly relates to a bed mattress, and more particularly to a mattress having a high pressure ulcer prevention effect suitable for use by an inpatient or a care-requiring person, and making it easier for the user to move up and / or care for the caregiver. About mattresses.
[0002]
[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
Inpatients and nursing home residents who take a long supine position on a bed are subject to high pressure on a part of their body, and are prone to pressure ulcers due to stuffiness, and there are various mattresses to prevent this. Has been devised. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-93263 discloses a mattress in which a large number of protrusions are formed on an upper surface to improve body pressure dispersion performance and air permeability, and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-152854 discloses a mattress. In order to further enhance the pressure dispersion performance, a mattress in which a low-repellent polyurethane is disposed on the upper portion of the protrusion is disclosed.
[0003]
However, even inpatients and nursing home residents do not stay asleep all the time, except for those who are physically inflexible, at least when they eat or defecate, get up from a lying position and move. There is a need. In addition, in the case of a person with mild symptoms, the user often sits on a bed or sits on the edge of the bed to spend a little work such as reading.
[0004]
However, mattresses developed with the primary focus on the prevention of pressure ulcers as described above tend to sink deeper than conventional mattresses, so for hospitalized patients with weak muscles, etc. There was a case where the operation to perform was difficult. In addition, the feeling of stability when sitting on the edge of the bed was not always good.
[0005]
In addition, in the case of a person with physical disabilities, nursing staff at a hospital or nursing care staff at a nursing care facility need assistance. When it turned on, there was a problem that it was difficult to move due to sinking, and it was difficult to put effort.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-93263
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-152854
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above, and is excellent in body pressure dispersing performance and breathability, while having a high pressure ulcer prevention effect, and easily rise on a bed, ease of movement, An object of the present invention is to provide a mattress which has a good sense of stability when seated, can be used comfortably by hospitalized patients, and is easy for a caregiver to care for.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A mattress according to claim 1 of the present application is a mattress formed of a foamed resin and having a plurality of protrusions continuously provided on an upper surface and having high body pressure dispersion performance, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem. A portion is formed along at least a part of the periphery of the mattress, the portion having a hardness of the upper surface larger than the hardness of the upper surface of the center portion of the mattress, and the width dimension of the portion is 150 mm or more from the end of the mattress. I do.
[0010]
The hardness of the upper surface of the portion provided along the peripheral edge of the mattress, where the hardness of the upper surface is larger than that of the central portion, is preferably 160 N or more as a hardness measured according to JIS K6401.
[0011]
In addition, the hardness of the upper surface of the portion provided along the peripheral portion of the mattress and having a hardness of the upper surface larger than that of the center portion does not exceed 1.5 times the hardness of the upper surface of the center portion of the mattress. Is preferred.
[0012]
In addition, the "center portion of the mattress" refers to the entire portion surrounded by the peripheral portion of the upper surface of the mattress, in other words, the entire portion other than the peripheral portion of the upper surface of the mattress, and means a dimensional central portion. is not.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the mattress of the present invention, the part in contact with the human body when the user lays down has the same structure and upper surface hardness as the above-mentioned conventional mattress having a high pressure ulcer prevention effect, and the user gets up. The upper surface is harder in places where hands are often stabbed when moving on a bed, places where weight is applied when sitting down, or places where caregivers often poke their knees. By making it large, the operation of the user or caregiver is facilitated while maintaining excellent body pressure dispersion performance and air permeability.
[0014]
The “hardness” referred to in the present specification is a hardness measured in accordance with JIS K6401, and is more specifically as follows. That is, a square test piece having a side of 300 mm is placed flat, a circular pressure plate having a diameter of 200 mm is placed on the upper surface of the test piece, and the thickness at a load of 0.5 kg is measured. I do. Next, after pressing the circular pressure plate at a speed of 10 mm / sec or less at a distance of 75% of the initial thickness, immediately remove the load, and immediately again press the circular pressure plate at a speed of 10 mm / sec or less to the initial thickness. 25% of the distance, read the load at 20 seconds after stopping, and set this as "hardness".
[0015]
In general, the optimal value of the hardness of the mattress varies depending on the weight and body shape of the user, and in addition, the preference of the user is an important factor, so it can not be decided unconditionally, but assuming an average user In order to obtain a sufficient pressure ulcer prevention effect, it is preferable that the hardness of the portion supporting the upper body of the lying human body (mainly the portion from the shoulder to the back) is in the range of 100 to 160N. It is preferable that the hardness of the portion supporting the lower body (mainly the portion from the waist to the thigh) is the same or slightly harder than this in order to prevent excessive sinking. On the other hand, the hardness of the peripheral portion is preferably set to 160 N or more. If the hardness is less than this, the sinking is generally large and the operation becomes difficult. The hardness of the peripheral portion is preferably 1.5 times or less the hardness of the central portion, and more preferably 1.3 times or less. This is because if the difference in hardness is too large, an uncomfortable feeling may be generated at the boundary portion, or the operation may be difficult.
[0016]
The stiff part of the perimeter should be large enough to perform these movements, as described above, in places where it is possible for hands to move, to sit down, or for the caregiver to kneel. Must be provided. For example, it can be formed as a band with a certain width along the end of the mattress, and its width dimension depends on the size of the mattress, but at least about 150 mm from the end of the mattress is required, and about 180 mm or more. And more preferably about 200 mm or more.
[0017]
In addition, it is not always necessary to provide the hard portion over the entire peripheral portion of the upper surface of the mattress, but when the entire peripheral portion is formed as a hard portion, not only the user's erection operation but also the caregiver's nursing operation can be performed. It can be easier. When the hard portion is not provided on almost the entire peripheral portion, it is preferable to provide the hard portion at least on the side portion near the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the mattress. In that case, it is usually provided on both sides, but may be provided only on one side depending on individual circumstances.
[0018]
As described above, in order to increase the hardness of the peripheral portion, a material having high hardness may be used for the portion, but even when one type of foam is used, the shape and size of the protrusion are changed. Thereby, the hardness can be adjusted. According to the latter method, there is an advantage that the effects of the present invention can be obtained at a manufacturing cost equivalent to that of a conventional mattress. Therefore, a mattress using this method will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to this.
[0019]
The mattress of the present invention is configured such that good body pressure dispersibility and air permeability can be obtained by a plurality of projections continuously formed on the upper surface of the foam. The shape of the protrusion is not particularly limited, but a quadrangle, particularly a rectangle or a square, in a planar shape and a cross-sectional shape is preferable in terms of easy production. These projections are obtained, for example, by cutting unnecessary portions from the rectangular foam in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, that is, by forming grooves between the projections.
[0020]
The hardness of the upper surface of the mattress is determined by the physical properties of the resin foam and the shape, dimensions and arrangement of the protrusions, so that the desired hardness can be obtained, so that the shape of each protrusion, The dimensions and arrangement need to be determined. There can be various combinations of these elements, but one of the methods is to increase the hardness of the upper surface by providing a projection having a large cross-sectional area. Therefore, at the periphery of the mattress, a projection having a larger cross-sectional area than the center of the mattress may be provided so as to obtain a desired hardness. Of course, the shape, size, etc. of the protrusions can be changed as needed even in the central part of the mattress. For example, the central part of the mattress in the long direction in contact with the waist of the human body lying on the mattress In order to prevent excessive sinking, the projecting portion can be configured to have a larger cross-sectional area than the projecting portions of other portions. The specific size of the protrusion will be described later.
[0021]
Further, when the mattress of the present invention is used for a gatch-up bed, a bendable portion having a cut in the width direction may be provided to facilitate bending, similarly to a conventional mattress corresponding to a gatch-up.
[0022]
The foamed resin used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but various foamed polyurethanes conventionally used for bedding or furniture such as sofas can be used, and among them, a material excellent in air permeability and durability is used. It is preferable to use a material that can be easily bent when the device is adapted to be gatch-up.
[0023]
Preferably rebound resilience of the foamed resin is about 20% to 70%, the density is preferably from about 30~80kg / ^{m 3.}
[0024]
One of the preferred materials is cold foam. Unlike conventional foamed polyurethane, cold foam is foamed and cured at room temperature, and has features such as high elasticity, light weight, and excellent air permeability as compared with conventional foamed polyurethane.
[0025]
The above-mentioned mattress of the present invention can be formed by only one layer made of one kind of foam, but it can also be made into a multilayer structure made of two or more kinds of foam.
[0026]
The dimensions of each part of the mattress of the present invention described above are not particularly limited, and vary depending on the physical properties and the like of the foamed resin used, but the following are typical examples.
[0027]
The planar shape and the width and length dimensions of the entire mattress are rectangular, having a width of about 800 to 1450 mm and a length of about 1900 to 2100 mm, similarly to a conventional bed mattress. The thickness of the entire mattress is usually about 70 to 200 mm.
[0028]
When the planar shape and the cross-sectional shape are square, the length of each side other than the peripheral portion is about 20 to 100 mm. On the other hand, the size of the protrusion of the peripheral portion is such that the length of one side intersecting with the edge of the mattress is 150 mm or more, preferably 180 mm or more, more preferably 200 mm or more, and the length of the other side is 30 mm or more, preferably Is 60 mm or more. In addition, in order to prevent sagging or falling down due to long-term use, it is conventionally performed to make the cross-sectional area of the protrusion constituting the mattress peripheral portion slightly larger than that of other portions. Was at most about 100 mm in length. In order to achieve the object of the present invention, it is necessary to increase the size of the protrusion in the mattress width direction as described above.
[0029]
The height of the projections, that is, the depth of the groove between the projections is about 15 to 50 mm. The width of the groove between the protrusions depends on the size (thickness) of the protrusion, but is usually about 5 to 30 mm. If the dimension of the groove is too large, the protrusion is not stable, while if it is too small, the air permeability may be poor.
[0030]
As described above, by providing a part with a harder upper surface at the periphery of the mattress, it is easy to get up on the bed, easy to move, good stability when sitting down, etc. It is possible to obtain a mattress that can behave comfortably by a patient or the like and that is easy for a caregiver to care for.
[0031]
In the above, the mattress made entirely of foamed resin has been described, but the idea of the present invention can be applied to mattresses made of foamed resin. For example, a mattress filled with a filling such as a spring mattress or cotton has a generally large surface hardness as compared with a foamed resin one, so there is often no need to provide a harder portion, but if necessary. The same effect as described above can be obtained by adjusting the hardness by changing the strength of the spring or changing the filling material or density.
[0032]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0033]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state (partially cut away) of a mattress A according to an embodiment of the present invention covered with a side ground 20. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the present mattress. FIG. 3 is an end view showing a width direction side surface of the present mattress, and FIG. 4 is an end view showing a front surface (or a back surface) thereof.
[0034]
As shown in these figures, the present mattress has a plurality of protrusions 11a, 11b, 11c, 12a, 12b, 12c and protrusions 11d by providing cuts (grooves) vertically and horizontally on the upper surface of a rectangular foam. , 12d are provided upright, and a plurality of arc-shaped grooves 13 are provided on the bottom surface. This mattress is symmetrical with respect to the lines II and II-II shown in FIG. 2, and there is no distinction between the head side and the foot side in the longitudinal direction. The overall dimensions of the mattress are about 830 mm in width, about 1910 mm in length, and about 85 mm in thickness. The ridges 11d and 12d are provided as bent portions when used in a gatch-up bed. The arc-shaped groove 13 on the bottom has an effect of securing air permeability between the bed and the mattress, diffusing moisture generated from the human body, and facilitating folding of the mattress.
[0035]
Each of the projections 11a, 11b, 11c, 12a, 12b, and 12c of the mattress has a quadrangular (rectangular) planar shape, and specific shapes and dimensions are as described below. In the following, when simply referred to as “long direction” or “width direction”, it means the long direction or width direction of the mattress, respectively.
[0036]
Each of the protrusions 11a, 11b, 11c constituting the both sides in the width direction of the mattress has a width dimension of 200 mm, and has a vertical cross-sectional shape (hereinafter referred to as a width direction) in a line parallel to the II line in FIG. The vertical cross-sectional shape is a rectangle as shown in FIG.
[0037]
Among them, the protrusions 11a forming both ends in the longitudinal direction have a top surface which is a rectangle having a length of 180 mm in the longitudinal direction and a vertical cross-sectional shape in a line parallel to the line II-II (hereinafter, a longitudinal cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction). 3) is substantially rectangular as shown in FIG. 3, but the side facing the protruding portion 11b is formed with a constriction at the bottom.
[0038]
The protruding portions 11b near both ends in the longitudinal direction are rectangular with an upper surface having a dimension of 33 mm in the longitudinal direction, and the longitudinal section in the longitudinal direction has a constriction at a lower portion as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5. Shape. Assuming that a portion where the wall surface is flat is an upper portion and a portion where the wall surface is a curved surface is a lower portion, the length m of the upper portion in FIG. 5 is 33 mm, and the dimension n in the thinnest portion of the lower portion is 25 mm. Nine protrusions 11b are continuously formed in the longitudinal direction on each of the head side and the leg side. However, in the protrusion 11b adjacent to the protrusion 11c, no constriction is formed on the surface on the side of the protrusion 11c.
[0039]
The upper surface of the protrusion 11c at the center in the longitudinal direction is a square having a length of 65 mm in the longitudinal direction, and the longitudinal sectional shape in the longitudinal direction is a trapezoid as shown in FIG. The protrusions 11c are formed in the order of two, four, two in the longitudinal direction with two protrusions interposed therebetween.
[0040]
The protrusions 12a, 12b, and 12c constituting the central portion of the mattress in the width direction are all 65 mm in the width direction, and have a rectangular cross section in the width direction as shown in FIG. These projections are formed in six rows in the width direction and in parallel with each other.
[0041]
Of the above, the protrusion 12a constituting the long end of the mattress has a top surface of a rectangular shape having a length of 180 mm in the length direction, and the longitudinal cross-sectional shape and the number in the long direction are the same as those of the protrusion 11a. . The upper surface of the protruding portion 12b, which is in contact with the upper body and the leg portion of the human body, has a rectangular shape with a length of 33 mm in the longitudinal direction, and has the same longitudinal cross-sectional shape and number as the protruding portion 11b. The protruding portion 12c of the portion that comes into contact with the waist of the human body has an upper surface that is a square with a length of 65 mm in the longitudinal direction, and has the same longitudinal cross-sectional shape and number as the protruding portion 11c.
[0042]
Next, two ridges 11d and 12d are arranged in the same shape, and the cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction has a continuous waveform when the two are combined. Each of the ridges has a length in the longitudinal direction of the root portion of 25 mm.
[0043]
The height (t in FIG. 5) of each protrusion and protrusion is 35 mm.
[0044]
Regarding the groove between adjacent protrusions and protrusions, the groove provided in the longitudinal direction is a rectangle having a width of 8 mm. As shown in FIG. 5, the grooves provided in the width direction are formed between the protrusions 11a and 11b and between the protrusions 11b. The wall has a curved surface. The upper width (k) is 8 mm, the depth (s) is 10 mm, and the maximum width (l) of the lower bulge is 16 mm. Grooves between the protrusions 11b and 11c and between the protrusions 11c are substantially wedge-shaped with an upper width of 20 mm, and grooves between the protrusions 11c and the protrusions 11d and between the protrusions 11d are approximately 25 mm in width at the upper part. It is wedge-shaped.
[0045]
The arc-shaped groove 13 on the bottom has a width of 30 mm and a depth of 10 mm, linearly extends in the width direction of the mattress and is opened on both sides, and 12 of the same shape and dimensions are parallel to the elongate direction. Is provided.
[0046]
Table 1 shows the results of measuring the physical properties of the foam (before processing) used in the production of the mattress according to JIS K 6400.
[0047]
[Table 1]

[0048]
Table 2 shows the results of measuring the hardness of the mattress (after processing) according to JIS K6401. When measuring the hardness of the peripheral portion, the circular pressure plate was prevented from protruding from the end of the mattress.
[0049]
[Table 2]

[0050]
The body pressure distribution was measured by seven subjects using the mattress. The test used a tactile sensor sheet BIGMAT2000 manufactured by Nitta Corporation and a measurement system VIRTUAL. Two body pressure sensors capable of measuring a total of 4224 pixels, 44 pixels in the horizontal direction and 96 pixels in the vertical direction, at 1 cm intervals were used. The measurement was performed six times at one-second intervals two minutes after the subject became supine, and the average value (mmHg) was used as the representative value of each pixel. The obtained results were divided into four classes, and the number of pixels in each class is shown in Table 3. For comparison, the same seven subjects measured the body pressure distribution of a commercially available mattress (formed by filling a synthetic fiber into a mold). The results are shown in Table 3.
[0051]
[Table 3]

[0052]
Of the pressures at the boundaries of the above classes, 32 mmHg is the pressure at which the capillaries are closed, 60 mmHg is the pressure at which tissue ischemia occurs in one hour in humans, and 100 mmHg is the pressure at which tissue ischemia occurs in one hour. Is the pressure at which irreversible changes occur in the lower leg of the rat due to the compression. As can be seen from Table 3, in the mattress of the example, the number of pixels of 32 mmHg or more is significantly smaller than that of the mattress of the comparative example, and particularly, the number of pixels of 60 mmHg or more is extremely small, and the body pressure dispersion performance is excellent. It has been found that pressure ulcers rarely occur at this level of pressure, even for users who sleep long.
[0053]
Next, regarding the mattress, the ease of turning over, the ease of movement on the bed, and the sense of stability when sitting on the edge of the bed were compared with the mattress having the protrusion 12b formed on the entire upper surface. Ten subjects were rated on a three-point scale: [good, neither, bad]. The results are shown in Table 4 by the number of people.
[0054]
[Table 4]

Although the case where the width of the mattress is about 830 mm has been described above, a mattress having a different width can be obtained by increasing or decreasing the number of the protrusions in the width direction, the width of the side protrusions, and the like.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the pressure ulcer prevention effect is high because of excellent body pressure dispersing performance and ventilation, and it is easy to get up on the bed, easy to move, good stability when sitting down, etc. A mattress in which the care recipient can act comfortably and the care giver can easily take care of can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state (partially cut away) in which a mattress A according to an embodiment of the present invention is covered with side lands.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the mattress of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an end view showing a width direction side surface of the mattress of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an end view showing a front surface (back surface) of the mattress of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 3;
[Explanation of symbols]
A: Mattresses 11a, 11b, 11c, 12a, 12b, 12c ... Protrusions 11d, 12d ... Protrusions 13 ... Arc-shaped grooves 20 ... Side ground

Claims (3)

A mattress having a high body pressure dispersion performance in which a plurality of protrusions are continuously erected on the upper surface, which is formed of foam resin,
A portion is formed along at least a part of the periphery of the mattress, where a hardness of the upper surface is larger than a hardness of the upper surface of the center portion of the mattress, and a width dimension of the portion is 150 mm or more from an end of the mattress. And mattress. Provided along the periphery of the mattress, the hardness of the upper surface of the portion where the hardness of the upper surface is larger than the center is 160 N or more as a hardness measured in accordance with JIS K6401. The mattress of claim 1, wherein Provided along the periphery of the mattress, the hardness of the upper surface of the portion where the hardness of the upper surface is larger than the central portion, not more than 1.5 times the hardness of the upper surface of the central portion of the mattress. The mattress according to claim 1, wherein the mattress is characterized in that:

Images