JP2004163184A - Pressure sensor - Google Patents

Pressure sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004163184A
JP2004163184A JP2002327619A JP2002327619A JP2004163184A JP 2004163184 A JP2004163184 A JP 2004163184A JP 2002327619 A JP2002327619 A JP 2002327619A JP 2002327619 A JP2002327619 A JP 2002327619A JP 2004163184 A JP2004163184 A JP 2004163184A
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Prior art keywords
pressure
pressure sensor
light
polyphenylacetylene
based polymer
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JP4168136B2 (en
Inventor
Masayoshi Tabata
昌祥 田畑
Yasuteru Motai
康輝 馬渡
Yoshikazu Sadahiro
嘉和 貞広
Takeyuki Sone
岳之 曽根
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a pressure sensor having excellent conductivity, an excellent electromagnetic shielding effect, and a satisfactory pressure sensitive characteristic. <P>SOLUTION: This pressure sensor detects pressure by a material comprising mainly a light absorbing or light emitting polyphenyl acetylene polymer expressed by a general formula 1 (in the formula, R represents an alkoxy group, Z<SP>1</SP>, Z<SP>2</SP>, Z<SP>3</SP>, Z<SP>4</SP>are substituents including respectively and independently hydrogens, hydrocarbon group or hetero atoms, and n is an integer 10 or more). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、特定の導電性ポリマーを用いた圧力センサーに関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、種々の導電性ポリマーが報告されているが、置換ポリアセチレン系ポリマーについては、置換アセチレンモノマーを特定触媒を用いて温和な条件下に重合することで、シス‐トランソイド構造をもつポリマーとして、高収率で選択的に得られることが知られている(非特許文献1参照)。
また、置換アセチレン系ポリマーでは、ポリマー主鎖の共役二重結合を介したシス体とトランス体との間で構造変化を生じ、例えばポリ(p‐3‐メチルブトキシフェニルアセチレン)の場合、シス体のものが集合体構造を形成し、この構造の含有増加により吸収スペクトルが変化することが知られている(非特許文献2)。
近年、このようなポリアセチレン系ポリマーを含め種々の導電性ポリマーが研究され、中には、製造しやすい、低コストである、操作電圧が低い、色調を合わせることができる、可撓性であるなどの多くの利点を示すものもあるが、導電性と共に他の作用・機能を示す機能性材料は開発途上である。
【0003】
【非特許文献1】
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1999、200,265
【非特許文献2】
Macromolecule,第34巻第11号第3776〜3782頁(2001)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の課題は、導電性や電磁遮蔽性に優れると共に、良好な圧力感知特性を有する圧力センサーを提供することにある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、導電性をもつポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーについて用途面で種々研究を重ねた結果、特定の該ポリマーが加圧により構造異性化を起こして色が変わることに着目し、この特性がセンサーへの応用に適していることを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
すなわち、本発明は、
(1)一般式
【化3】

Figure 2004163184
(式中、Rはアルコキシ基、Z、Z、Z及びZはそれぞれ独立して水素、炭化水素基又はヘテロ原子を含む置換基、nは10以上の整数である)
で表わされる吸光性又は発光性ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーを主とする材料により圧力を感知することを特徴とする圧力センサー、
及び
(2)一般式
【化4】
Figure 2004163184
(式中、Rはアルコキシ基、Z、Z、Z及びZはそれぞれ独立して水素、炭化水素基又はヘテロ原子を含む置換基、nは10以上の整数である)
で表わされる吸光性又は発光性ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーを主とする圧力感知体を有することを特徴とする圧力センサー、
を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の好ましい態様としては、以下のとおりのものが挙げられる。
(3)ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーとして、一般式中のRがp‐位、o‐位又はm‐位にあるものを用いる前記(1)又は(2)記載の圧力センサー。
(4)ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーとして、一般式中のRが、2級炭素原子を有する炭素数4以上のキラルアルコキシ基であるものを用いる前記(1)、(2)又は(3)記載の圧力センサー。
(5)前記(1)ないし(4)のいずれかに記載の圧力センサーであって、基体と、基体の片側に弾性体を介して対向固着された、圧力が負荷される受圧体と、受圧体と一体に、その加圧側に対し反対側に付設され、圧力の変動による受圧体の動作につれて基体の貫通孔を自在に貫挿するアームと、アームの動作が直接或いは間接的にかかる圧力感知体と、圧力感知体から適当な間隔をおいてその両側に対向配設された、圧力感知体の光吸収帯を含む波長領域で発光する発光装置及び該波長領域に感応する受光装置とを備えたことを特徴とする圧力センサー。
【0008】
本発明において、圧力を感知する材料或いは圧力感知体は、一般式
【化5】
Figure 2004163184
(式中、Rはアルコキシ基、Z、Z、Z及びZはそれぞれ独立して水素、炭化水素基又はヘテロ原子を含む置換基、nは10以上の整数である)
で表わされるポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーを主とし、通常ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーを過半量以上含有し、好適にはポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーを70質量%以上含有し、特にポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーのみからなるのがよい。
【0009】
一般式(I)のポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーについては、その繰り返し単位において、Rのアルコキシ基としては、直鎖状でも分岐鎖状でもよく、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基でもよいが、好ましくは炭素数4以上のもの、例えばブトキシ基、イソブトキシ基、3‐メチルブトキシ基、ヘキシルオキシ基等が挙げられ、中でも特に2‐第二級メチルブトキシ基、2‐第二級メチルヘキシルオキシ基等のような2級炭素原子を有するキラルアルコキシ基がよく、また、Z〜Zとしては、炭化水素基である場合、アルキル基、アラルキル基、シクロアルキルアルキル基、シクロアルキル基又はアリール基等が挙げられ、またヘテロ原子を含む置換基である場合、脂肪族、中でも飽和脂肪族系のものが好ましく、このようなものとしては、例えばアルコキシ基、第1級ないし第3級のアルキルアミノ基、アルキルチオ基、アシロキシ基、アルカンカルボン酸アミド基、N‐アルキルカルバモイル基、N,N‐ジアルキルカルバモイル基、アルキルスルホニル基などが挙げられるが、好ましくはZ〜Zが水素であるものがよい。
また、置換基Rはp‐位、o‐位又はm‐位にあり、中でもp‐位にあるのがよい。
また、このポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーは、重合度nが10以上であり、好ましくは100〜10×10の範囲内で選ばれる。
【0010】
このポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーのうち、2級炭素原子を有する炭素数4以上のキラルアルコキシ基を有する光学活性ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーについて詳述する。
このポリマーにおいて、シス‐トランソイド構造のものは、図1に示す螺旋構造および擬ヘキサゴナル(Pseudo‐hexagonal)構造(これをカラムナー構造ともいう)を有し、同一平面内でない二重結合に基づくπ電子が共役している構造(以下スーパー螺旋共役構造)を持つ。
このポリマーは、後述する溶媒が良溶媒か貧溶媒かによって、ポリマーの色彩/色が変わる。貧溶媒では、得られる粉末状のポリマーは黄色であり、良溶媒では黒色である。
黒色ポリマーは、カラムナー構造を多く含み、黄色ポリマーは、ほとんど無定形で、カラムナー構造を少し含んでいる。
黄色ポリマーを、有機溶媒特にクロロホルム、トリエチルアミン又はトルエンの蒸気に曝すと黄色ポリマーは黒色に変化する。
この黒色ポリマーは、X線回折及び反射スペクトルの結果、黄色ポリマーとは明らかに異なる分子配列をしており、新しいタイプ(スーパー螺旋共役タイプ)のポリマーであることが確認された。
X線回折の結果を図2に示す。
【0011】
黒色ポリマーにおいて、可視光を吸収するのは、図1のように螺旋ピッチ3.3〜3.8nmの規則正しい形状をしている結果、上と下の螺旋構造において、二重結合に基づくπ電子によるスーパー螺旋共役が生じていることに起因すると解せられる。
また、このポリマーはモノマーに比して10倍程度も光学活性である。
【0012】
一般式(I)のポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーは、さらにそれにドーパントをドーピングし、そのドーピング物として導電性をさらに向上させることができる。ドーパントとしては、例えばHCl、HBr、HI、過塩素酸、硫酸等のプロトン酸、塩素、臭素、ヨウ素等のハロゲン、五フッ化アンチモン、五フッ化リン、五フッ化ヒ素、三フッ化ホウ素、三塩化ホウ素、塩化第二鉄等のルイス酸、テトラシアノエチレン等の電子のアクセプター等が挙げられ、好適にはドーピングに上記プロトン酸の溶液、例えば低級アルコール溶液が用いられる。
なお、ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマー又はそのドーピング物を便宜上ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマー等ともいう。
【0013】
ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーの原料モノマーとして用いられるフェニルアセチレン系誘導体は、既知の方法で得られ、例えば、ZないしZのいずれもがHで、Rが2‐第二級メチルブトキシ基である場合は、次のチャート
【化6】
Figure 2004163184
に示されるようにして調製される。
【0014】
ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーは、この原料モノマーを溶液重合で重合することによって得られる。
溶液重合は、溶媒に原料モノマーを溶解させた溶液について、該溶液中の原料モノマーの濃度を0.001〜10M、好ましくは0.01〜0.5Mに調製し、Rh錯体触媒の存在下に、−78〜110℃、好ましくは20〜40℃の範囲の温度で、適当な時間、例えば1分〜48時間行われる。
【0015】
この重合反応に用いられるロジウム錯体触媒におけるロジウム錯体としては、例えば[Rh(ノルボルナジエン)Cl]のようなロジウム‐ノルボルナジエンハライド、[Rh(シクロオクタジエン)Cl]のようなロジウムシクロオクタジエンハライド、[Rh(ビス‐シクロオクタジエン)Cl]などが挙げられ、特に[Rh(ノルボルナジエン)Cl]が好ましく用いられ、その用量は、原料モノマーに対し通常モル比で0.00001〜1、好ましくは0.005〜0.5の範囲で選ばれる。
【0016】
また、溶媒としては特に制限されず、例えば炭化水素(ヘキサン、ヘプタンのような脂肪族炭化水素、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、クメンのような芳香族炭化水素、シクロペンタン、シクロヘキサンのような脂環式炭化水素等)、ハロゲン化炭化水素(クロロホルム、四塩化炭素、ジクロロエタン、トリクロロエタン等)、アルコール(メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等)、窒素化合物(アセトニトリル、ニトロメタン、ニトロエタン、ニトロベンゼン、トリエチルアミン等)、エーテル(ジエチルエーテル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、セロソルブ等)、ケトン(アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等)、脂肪酸(酢酸、無水酢酸等)、エステル(酢酸エチル、乳酸エチル等)などが挙げられるが、好ましくはトリエチルアミン、ベンゼン、トルエン、テトラヒドロフラン、クロロホルム、アルコール(メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等)などが挙げられ、中でもトリエチルアミンやクロロホルム、或いはそれと他の溶媒との混合溶媒、中でもアルコール(メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノール、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール等)、ベンゼン、トルエン、テトラヒドロフランとの混合溶媒がよい。
また、溶媒は目的ポリマーを良く溶かす溶媒すなわち良溶媒や、あまり溶かさない溶媒すなわち貧溶媒を使い分けることができる。
良溶媒としては、例えばトリエチルアミンやクロロホルム等が、また貧溶媒としては、例えばメタノール、エタノールのようなアルコールや水、或いはこれらの混合溶媒等がそれぞれ挙げられる。
【0017】
上記ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーは、高導電性材料として知られるポリ(ジアルキルフルオレン)(これをPDAFともいう)やポリ(p‐フェニレンビニレン)(これをPPVともいう)と比較して、同程度の優れた導電性を示す。
また、このポリアセチレン系ポリマー等は、適当な溶媒、例えばクロロホルム、テトラヒドロフランなどに溶解することができ、この溶液を基材にコーティングするなどして、施用することができる。
【0018】
本発明の圧力センサーは、前述の圧力を感知する材料或いは圧力感知体を特徴とするものであれば構造、形態等は特に制限されないが、例えば、基体と、基体の片側に弾性体を介して対向固着された、圧力が負荷される受圧体と、受圧体と一体に、その加圧側に対し反対側に付設され、圧力の変動による受圧体の動作につれて、基体の貫通孔を自在に貫挿して、貫通孔から先端を現出して該貫通孔を出入するアームと、アームの動作が直接或いは間接的にかかる、圧力感知体と、圧力感知体から適当な間隔をおいてその両側に対向配設された、圧力感知体の光吸収帯を含む波長領域で発光する発光装置及び該波長領域に感応する受光装置とを備えたもの等が挙げられ、貫通孔やアームは、その配設が中央部でもまた周辺部でもよく、その数も一つでも、二つ又はそれ以上でもよい。
アームの動作が間接的に圧力感知体にかかるようにするには、アームの先端部に連結或いは係合させた別のアームや継手や歯車等を介して行えばよい。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
本発明の圧力センサーによれば、それに用いられるアルコキシ基を有するポリフェニルアセチレンが、それに負荷される圧力の程度に応じて変色し、例えばキラルアルコキシ基を有する光学活性ポリフェニルアセチレン等では黄色から黒色、或いは黒色から黄色へと色を変えることができるため、色の変化を指標として圧力に精度よく感応し、圧力を検知することができる。
【0020】
【実施例】
次に実施例によって本発明をさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこの例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
【0021】
製造例1
逆U字型のガラスチューブの一方側に、モノマーのp‐2‐第二級メチルブトキシフェニルアセチレン2.1×10−3モル及び乾燥されたトリエチルアミン50mlを、また、上記逆U字型のガラスチューブの他方側に、上記モノマーのモル量に対して1/150モル量の触媒[Rh(ノルボルナジエン)Cl]及び乾燥されたトリエチルアミン50mlをそれぞれ入れ、ガラスチューブをひっくり返すことにより反応を開始させた。反応は20℃で4時間行った。過剰のメタノールを添加することで反応を停止し、沈殿してきた黒色のポリマーをろ過し、メタノールで洗浄した後、24時間真空乾燥した。ポリマーの収率、数平均分子量(Mn)、重量平均分子量(Mw)と数平均分子量との比(Q)はそれぞれ85%、121000、1.7であった。また、ポリマーは、ナトリウムD線の旋光度が135.7°であり、モノマーのp‐2‐第二級メチルブトキシフェニルアセチレンのナトリウムD線の旋光度12.1°の約11倍と光学活性の高いものであった。
【0022】
製造例2
溶媒としてトリエチルアミンに代えてエタノールを用いるとともに、助触媒として触媒量の100倍(モル比)量のトリエチルアミンを用いた以外は製造例1と同様にして黄色のポリマーを得た。ポリマーの収率、数平均分子量、重量平均分子量と数平均分子量との比はそれぞれ95%、75000、1.6であった。
【0023】
製造例3
(溶媒処理法による黄色ポリマーから黒色ポリマーへの転換)
製造例2で得た黄色ポリマーをクロロホルムの蒸気に短時間曝したところ、黒色になった。
これら黄色と黒色の固体ポリマーの反射スペクトルを図3に示す。
これより、黄色ポリマーでは440nmである吸収極大が、黒色ポリマーでは490nmに移動し、500〜700nmの範囲の光学濃度(O.D.)が増大した。
【0024】
実施例
圧力センサーの1例を図4に示す。図4において、基体1は有底筒状の外壁部に中央貫通口を開けた中間板状部が一体に設けられてなり、上記黒色ポリマーの成形柱状体からなる圧力感知体2が弾性体を介して基体底部の中央部に固着され、圧力を受けとめる受圧体3に、その中央部から圧力がかかる側と反対側に柱状体状のアーム4が一体に付設され、受圧体が弾性体を介して中間板状部に固着され、アーム4が中央貫通口に貫挿され、その先端部が圧力感知体に当接されるようになっており、また、外壁部下方に、圧力感知体から適当な間隔をおいてその両側に対向して、圧力感知体の光吸収帯を含む波長領域で発光する発光装置5及び該波長領域に感応する受光装置6とが配設されている。弾性体としては、バネやゴム等が用いられる。
この圧力センサーは、次のようにして使用される。
受圧体に荷重が負荷されると、受圧体は弾性体に抗しながらも加圧方向に押し込まれ、その動作に追随してアームも加圧方向に押され、このアームにより圧力感知体が弾性体に抗しながらも加圧され、この圧力で圧力感知体を構成する所定ポリマーの構造異性化が生じ、カラムナー構造が崩れるため、この圧力感知体に発光装置から圧力感知体の光吸収帯を含む波長領域の光を照射して、圧力感知体を透過させ、この透過光を該波長領域に感応する受光装置で検知することにより、その検知した値をあらかじめ作成した検量線と照合するなどして簡単に圧力を感知、また測定することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】シス‐トランソイド型ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーのカラムナー構造の模式図。
【図2】黄色ポリマーと黒色ポリマーのX線回折チャート。
【図3】製造例の黒色ポリマーと黄色ポリマーの反射スペクトルチャート。
【図4】圧力センサーの1例の概略図。
【符号の説明】
1 基体
2 圧力感知体
3 受圧体
4 アーム
5 発光装置
6 受光装置[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pressure sensor using a specific conductive polymer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, various conductive polymers have been reported. However, as for substituted polyacetylene-based polymers, a polymer having a cis-transoid structure is obtained by polymerizing a substituted acetylene monomer under a mild condition using a specific catalyst. It is known that it can be selectively obtained in a yield (see Non-Patent Document 1).
Further, in a substituted acetylene-based polymer, a structural change occurs between a cis-form and a trans-form via a conjugated double bond in the polymer main chain. For example, in the case of poly (p-3-methylbutoxyphenylacetylene), a cis-form Form an aggregate structure, and it is known that the absorption spectrum is changed by increasing the content of this structure (Non-Patent Document 2).
In recent years, various conductive polymers, including such polyacetylene-based polymers, have been studied, some of which are easy to manufacture, low in cost, low in operating voltage, can match colors, are flexible, etc. Although some of them exhibit many advantages, functional materials exhibiting other functions and functions in addition to conductivity are under development.
[0003]
[Non-patent document 1]
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1999, 200, 265
[Non-patent document 2]
Macromolecule, Vol. 34, No. 11, pp. 3776-3782 (2001)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a pressure sensor having excellent conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties and having good pressure sensing characteristics.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted various studies on applications of conductive polyphenylacetylene-based polymers in terms of application, and as a result, focused on the fact that certain polymers undergo structural isomerization due to pressure and change color, and this characteristic was noted. Was found to be suitable for application to a sensor, and based on this finding, completed the present invention.
[0006]
That is, the present invention
(1) General formula
Figure 2004163184
(In the formula, R is an alkoxy group, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3, and Z 4 are each independently a substituent containing a hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group, or a hetero atom, and n is an integer of 10 or more.)
A pressure sensor characterized by sensing pressure by a material mainly comprising a light-absorbing or light-emitting polyphenylacetylene-based polymer represented by:
And (2) a general formula
Figure 2004163184
(In the formula, R is an alkoxy group, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3, and Z 4 are each independently a substituent containing a hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group, or a hetero atom, and n is an integer of 10 or more.)
A pressure sensor characterized by having a pressure sensor mainly comprising a light-absorbing or light-emitting polyphenylacetylene-based polymer represented by
Is provided.
[0007]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Preferred embodiments of the present invention include the following.
(3) The pressure sensor according to the above (1) or (2), wherein R in the general formula is at the p-position, the o-position or the m-position as the polyphenylacetylene-based polymer.
(4) The above-mentioned (1), (2) or (3), wherein as the polyphenylacetylene-based polymer, R in the general formula is a chiral alkoxy group having 4 or more carbon atoms and having a secondary carbon atom. pressure sensor.
(5) The pressure sensor according to any one of (1) to (4), further comprising: a base; a pressure-receiving body, which is opposed to and fixed to one side of the base via an elastic body; An arm that is integrally attached to the body and on the opposite side to the pressurized side and that freely penetrates a through-hole in the base as the pressure-receiving body moves due to pressure fluctuations; and pressure sensing in which the arm moves directly or indirectly. A light-emitting device that emits light in a wavelength region including a light absorption band of the pressure sensor, and a light-receiving device that is sensitive to the wavelength region. Pressure sensor characterized in that:
[0008]
In the present invention, the pressure sensing material or the pressure sensing element is represented by the general formula:
Figure 2004163184
(In the formula, R is an alkoxy group, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3, and Z 4 are each independently a substituent containing a hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group, or a hetero atom, and n is an integer of 10 or more.)
The main component is a polyphenylacetylene-based polymer represented by the general formula (1), usually containing a polyphenylacetylene-based polymer in a majority amount or more, preferably containing a polyphenylacetylene-based polymer in an amount of 70% by mass or more, and particularly composed of only a polyphenylacetylene-based polymer Is good.
[0009]
In the polyphenylacetylene-based polymer of the general formula (I), the alkoxy group of R in the repeating unit may be linear or branched, and may be a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or a propoxy group, but is preferably Those having 4 or more carbon atoms, for example, butoxy group, isobutoxy group, 3-methylbutoxy group, hexyloxy group and the like, and particularly, 2-secondary methylbutoxy group, 2-secondary methylhexyloxy group and the like A chiral alkoxy group having such a secondary carbon atom is preferable, and when Z 1 to Z 4 are a hydrocarbon group, an alkyl group, an aralkyl group, a cycloalkylalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or the like is used. And when the substituent is a hetero atom-containing substituent, aliphatic ones, among them, saturated aliphatic ones are preferable. Examples include an alkoxy group, a primary to tertiary alkylamino group, an alkylthio group, an acyloxy group, an alkanecarboxamide group, an N-alkylcarbamoyl group, an N, N-dialkylcarbamoyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group and the like. However, it is preferable that Z 1 to Z 4 are hydrogen.
Further, the substituent R is at the p-position, the o-position or the m-position, particularly preferably at the p-position.
The polyphenylacetylene-based polymer has a degree of polymerization n of 10 or more, and is preferably selected within a range of 100 to 10 × 10 7 .
[0010]
An optically active polyphenylacetylene-based polymer having a chiral alkoxy group having 4 or more carbon atoms and having a secondary carbon atom will be described in detail.
In this polymer, those having a cis-transoid structure have a helical structure and a pseudo-hexagonal structure (also referred to as a columnar structure) shown in FIG. Have a conjugated structure (hereinafter referred to as a super spiral conjugated structure).
The color / color of this polymer changes depending on whether a solvent described later is a good solvent or a poor solvent. In poor solvents the resulting powdery polymer is yellow, and in good solvents it is black.
The black polymer is rich in columnar structures, and the yellow polymer is almost amorphous and contains a small amount of columnar structures.
Exposure of the yellow polymer to the vapor of an organic solvent, especially chloroform, triethylamine or toluene, causes the yellow polymer to turn black.
As a result of X-ray diffraction and reflection spectra, this black polymer had a molecular arrangement distinctly different from that of the yellow polymer, and was confirmed to be a new type (super-spiral conjugated type).
FIG. 2 shows the results of X-ray diffraction.
[0011]
In the black polymer, the visible light is absorbed by a regular shape having a helical pitch of 3.3 to 3.8 nm as shown in FIG. It is understood that this is due to the occurrence of the spiral conjugation.
This polymer is about 10 times as optically active as the monomer.
[0012]
The polyphenylacetylene-based polymer of the general formula (I) can be further doped with a dopant to further improve the conductivity as a dopant. Examples of the dopant include protons such as HCl, HBr, HI, perchloric acid, and sulfuric acid, halogens such as chlorine, bromine, and iodine, antimony pentafluoride, phosphorus pentafluoride, arsenic pentafluoride, and boron trifluoride. Examples thereof include a Lewis acid such as boron trichloride and ferric chloride, and an electron acceptor such as tetracyanoethylene. For doping, a solution of the above-described protonic acid, for example, a lower alcohol solution is used.
Note that the polyphenylacetylene-based polymer or a doping material thereof is also referred to as a polyphenylacetylene-based polymer or the like for convenience.
[0013]
The phenylacetylene-based derivative used as a raw material monomer of the polyphenylacetylene-based polymer can be obtained by a known method. For example, all of Z 1 to Z 4 are H, and R is a 2-secondary methylbutoxy group. If so, use the following chart:
Figure 2004163184
It is prepared as shown in
[0014]
The polyphenylacetylene-based polymer is obtained by polymerizing this raw material monomer by solution polymerization.
In the solution polymerization, for a solution obtained by dissolving a raw material monomer in a solvent, the concentration of the raw material monomer in the solution is adjusted to 0.001 to 10 M, preferably 0.01 to 0.5 M, and in the presence of a Rh complex catalyst. At a temperature in the range of -78 to 110 ° C, preferably 20 to 40 ° C for an appropriate time, for example, 1 minute to 48 hours.
[0015]
Examples of the rhodium complex in the rhodium complex catalyst used for this polymerization reaction include rhodium-norbornadiene halide such as [Rh (norbornadiene) Cl] 2 and rhodium cyclooctadiene halide such as [Rh (cyclooctadiene) Cl] 2. , [Rh (bis-cyclooctadiene) Cl] 2 and the like, and particularly [Rh (norbornadiene) Cl] 2 is preferably used, and its dose is usually 0.00001 to 1 in a molar ratio to the raw material monomer, Preferably, it is selected in the range of 0.005 to 0.5.
[0016]
The solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include hydrocarbons (aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane and heptane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and cumene, alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane). Hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, trichloroethane, etc.), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc.), nitrogen compounds (acetonitrile, nitromethane, nitroethane, nitrobenzene, triethylamine) ), Ethers (diethyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, cellosolve, etc.), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.), fatty acids (acetic acid, acetic anhydride, etc.), esters (ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate) And the like, preferably, triethylamine, benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc.), etc., among which triethylamine, chloroform, and other solvents and Among them, a mixed solvent of alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc.), benzene, toluene, and tetrahydrofuran is preferred.
As the solvent, a solvent that dissolves the target polymer well, that is, a good solvent, and a solvent that does not dissolve well, that is, a poor solvent can be used.
Examples of the good solvent include triethylamine and chloroform, and examples of the poor solvent include alcohol and water such as methanol and ethanol, and a mixed solvent thereof.
[0017]
The above-mentioned polyphenylacetylene-based polymer has a comparable degree of poly (dialkylfluorene) (also referred to as PDAF) and poly (p-phenylenevinylene) (also referred to as PPV), which are known as highly conductive materials. Shows excellent conductivity.
The polyacetylene-based polymer or the like can be dissolved in an appropriate solvent, for example, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, or the like, and the solution can be applied to a substrate by coating.
[0018]
The pressure sensor of the present invention is not particularly limited in structure, form, etc. as long as it is characterized by the above-described pressure sensing material or pressure sensing element. An opposingly fixed pressure receiving body to which pressure is applied, and a pressure receiving body, which is integrally attached to the pressure receiving side on the opposite side to the pressure side, and freely penetrates through holes of the base as the pressure receiving body moves due to pressure fluctuation. An arm that projects the tip from the through hole and enters and exits the through hole, a pressure sensor to which the arm operates directly or indirectly, and opposingly arranged on both sides thereof at an appropriate distance from the pressure sensor. And a light-emitting device that emits light in a wavelength region including the light absorption band of the pressure sensing element, and a light-receiving device that responds to the wavelength region, and the like. Part or peripheral part, and the number Any time, may be two or more.
In order for the operation of the arm to be indirectly applied to the pressure sensing element, the operation may be performed via another arm, a joint, a gear, or the like connected or engaged with the distal end of the arm.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
According to the pressure sensor of the present invention, polyphenylacetylene having an alkoxy group used therein is discolored according to the degree of pressure applied thereto, for example, yellow to black in optically active polyphenylacetylene having a chiral alkoxy group. Alternatively, since the color can be changed from black to yellow, it is possible to accurately sense pressure and detect pressure by using the change in color as an index.
[0020]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0021]
Production Example 1
On one side of an inverted U-shaped glass tube, 2.1 × 10 −3 mol of monomer p-2-secondary methylbutoxyphenylacetylene and 50 ml of dried triethylamine were added. Into the other side of the tube, 1/150 mole amount of the catalyst [Rh (norbornadiene) Cl] 2 and 50 ml of dried triethylamine with respect to the mole amount of the monomer were put, respectively, and the reaction was started by turning over the glass tube. . The reaction was performed at 20 ° C. for 4 hours. The reaction was stopped by adding excess methanol, the precipitated black polymer was filtered, washed with methanol, and then dried in vacuo for 24 hours. The polymer yield, the number average molecular weight (Mn), and the ratio (Q) between the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight were 85%, 121000, and 1.7, respectively. The polymer has an optical rotation of 135.7 ° of sodium D line and about 11 times the optical rotation of sodium D line of monomer p-2-secondary methylbutoxyphenylacetylene of 12.1 °, which is an optical activity. Was high.
[0022]
Production Example 2
A yellow polymer was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 1, except that ethanol was used instead of triethylamine as a solvent, and triethylamine was used as a cocatalyst in an amount 100 times the molar amount of the catalyst (molar ratio). The polymer yield, the number average molecular weight, and the ratio between the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight were 95%, 75,000, and 1.6, respectively.
[0023]
Production Example 3
(Conversion of yellow polymer to black polymer by solvent treatment method)
When the yellow polymer obtained in Production Example 2 was briefly exposed to the vapor of chloroform, it turned black.
FIG. 3 shows the reflection spectra of these yellow and black solid polymers.
Thus, the absorption maximum at 440 nm for the yellow polymer moved to 490 nm for the black polymer, and the optical density (OD) in the range of 500 to 700 nm increased.
[0024]
FIG. 4 shows an example of the pressure sensor of the embodiment. In FIG. 4, a base 1 is provided with an intermediate plate-like portion having a central through-opening formed in a bottomed cylindrical outer wall portion, and a pressure sensing body 2 composed of a black polymer-formed columnar body forms an elastic body. A pressure-receiving body 3 fixed to the center of the bottom of the base body through the intermediary of the base and receiving pressure is integrally provided with a columnar arm 4 on the side opposite to the side where pressure is applied from the center, and the pressure-receiving body is interposed with an elastic body. The arm 4 is inserted through the central through hole, and the tip of the arm 4 is brought into contact with the pressure sensor. A light-emitting device 5 that emits light in a wavelength region including the light absorption band of the pressure sensing element and a light-receiving device 6 that responds to the wavelength region are disposed opposite to both sides at a great distance. A spring, rubber, or the like is used as the elastic body.
This pressure sensor is used as follows.
When a load is applied to the pressure receiving body, the pressure receiving body is pushed in the pressing direction while resisting the elastic body, and the arm is also pushed in the pressing direction following the operation, and the pressure sensing body is elastically moved by this arm. It is pressurized against the body, and this pressure causes structural isomerization of the predetermined polymer that constitutes the pressure sensor, and the columnar structure collapses. By irradiating the light in the wavelength region including the light and transmitting the light through the pressure sensor, and detecting the transmitted light with a light receiving device sensitive to the wavelength region, the detected value is compared with a previously prepared calibration curve. Can easily sense and measure pressure.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a columnar structure of a cis-transoid polyphenylacetylene-based polymer.
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction chart of a yellow polymer and a black polymer.
FIG. 3 is a reflection spectrum chart of a black polymer and a yellow polymer of Production Example.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an example of a pressure sensor.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Base 2 Pressure sensor 3 Pressure receiver 4 Arm 5 Light emitting device 6 Light receiving device

Claims (5)

一般式
Figure 2004163184
(式中、Rはアルコキシ基、Z、Z、Z及びZはそれぞれ独立して水素、炭化水素基又はヘテロ原子を含む置換基、nは10以上の整数である)
で表わされる吸光性又は発光性ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーを主とする材料により圧力を感知することを特徴とする圧力センサー。
General formula
Figure 2004163184
(In the formula, R is an alkoxy group, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3, and Z 4 are each independently a substituent containing a hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group, or a hetero atom, and n is an integer of 10 or more.)
A pressure sensor characterized by sensing a pressure with a material mainly composed of a light-absorbing or light-emitting polyphenylacetylene-based polymer represented by the following formula:
一般式
Figure 2004163184
(式中、Rはアルコキシ基、Z、Z、Z及びZはそれぞれ独立して水素、炭化水素基又はヘテロ原子を含む置換基、nは10以上の整数である)
で表わされる吸光性又は発光性ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーを主とする圧力感知体を有することを特徴とする圧力センサー。
General formula
Figure 2004163184
(In the formula, R is an alkoxy group, Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3, and Z 4 are each independently a substituent containing a hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group, or a hetero atom, and n is an integer of 10 or more.)
A pressure sensor comprising a pressure sensor mainly comprising a light-absorbing or light-emitting polyphenylacetylene-based polymer represented by the formula:
ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーとして、一般式中のRがp‐位、o‐位又はm‐位にあるものを用いる請求項1又は2記載の圧力センサー。3. The pressure sensor according to claim 1, wherein the polyphenylacetylene-based polymer is a polymer in which R in the general formula is at the p-position, the o-position or the m-position. ポリフェニルアセチレン系ポリマーとして、一般式中のRが、2級炭素原子を有する炭素数4以上のキラルアルコキシ基であるものを用いる請求項1、2又は3記載の圧力センサー。4. The pressure sensor according to claim 1, wherein R in the general formula is a chiral alkoxy group having 4 or more carbon atoms having a secondary carbon atom, as the polyphenylacetylene-based polymer. 請求項1ないし4のいずれかに記載の圧力センサーであって、基体と、基体の片側に弾性体を介して対向固着された、圧力が負荷される受圧体と、受圧体と一体に、その加圧側に対し反対側に付設され、圧力の変動による受圧体の動作につれて基体の貫通孔を自在に貫挿するアームと、アームの動作が直接或いは間接的にかかる圧力感知体と、圧力感知体から適当な間隔をおいてその両側に対向配設された、圧力感知体の光吸収帯を含む波長領域で発光する発光装置及び該波長領域に感応する受光装置とを備えたことを特徴とする圧力センサー。The pressure sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the base, a pressure-receiving body that is opposingly fixed to one side of the base via an elastic body, and that receives a pressure, and the pressure-receiving body, An arm that is provided on the opposite side to the pressurizing side and that freely penetrates the through hole of the base as the pressure receiving body moves due to pressure fluctuation, a pressure sensor to which the arm operates directly or indirectly, and a pressure sensor A light-emitting device that emits light in a wavelength region including the light absorption band of the pressure sensing body and a light-receiving device that is sensitive to the wavelength region, disposed opposite to each other at an appropriate distance from the light-receiving device. pressure sensor.
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