JP2004157289A - Semiconductive belt for electrophotographic device - Google Patents

Semiconductive belt for electrophotographic device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004157289A
JP2004157289A JP2002322235A JP2002322235A JP2004157289A JP 2004157289 A JP2004157289 A JP 2004157289A JP 2002322235 A JP2002322235 A JP 2002322235A JP 2002322235 A JP2002322235 A JP 2002322235A JP 2004157289 A JP2004157289 A JP 2004157289A
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Prior art keywords
belt
surface layer
copolymer
semiconductive
semiconductive belt
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JP2002322235A
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JP4210100B2 (en
Inventor
Hiroshi Mita
浩 三田
Hirohiko Yoshida
裕彦 吉田
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Bando Chemical Industries Ltd
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Bando Chemical Industries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a semiconductive belt whose surface layer has an excellent toner releasing ability and an excellent following ability to an elastic belt base material, free from the occurrence of cracks when it runs while being stretched in an electrophotographic device, and which can obtain a transferred image of high quality. <P>SOLUTION: The semiconductive belt for an electrophotographic device is constituted so that the surface layer is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the thin cylindrical elastic belt base material, as to the material characteristics of the surface layer, the tensile rupture strength is 10 to 23MPa, the tensile rupture elongation is 280 to 680%, the elastic modulus is 9 to 65MPa, and as to the composition of the surface layer, the surface layer is formed of materials constituted of three components obtained by mixing a copolymer of fluorine modified acrylate and another acrylate, fluorinated olefine, and a copolymer of methylmethacrylate and a monomer containing another (meth)acryloyl group. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、電子写真装置に用いられる半導電性ベルトに関する。特に、感光体上に形成されたトナー画像を記録材に転写する転写ベルトまたは中間転写ベルトに適した半導電性ベルトに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、複写機、レーザープリンター等の電子写真装置においては、感光体上に形成されたトナー像を記録紙、転写紙などの記録材に転写する際に、このトナー像を一旦、中間転写ベルトに写し取った後、記録材に転写するというプロセスが多く採用されている。また転写後、当中間転写ベルトの表面に残留するトナーは弾性ブレード等のクリーニング手段により除去され、中間転写ベルトはクリーニングされて次の転写を可能にする。
【0003】
この中間転写ベルトとしては、例えば、カーボンブラック、金属粉などの導電性微粒子(導電剤ともいう)を混入したポリカーボネート樹脂(PCと略す)、ポリイミド等の単体からなる薄肉円筒体(例えば、特許文献1参照。)が用いられている。しかし、PCにカーボンブラック等の導電剤を混入させ成形されたものは耐屈曲疲労性が悪く、長期の使用によってひび割れを生じやすく、また、長期間の停止・保管した場合などには、張架された駆動ローラ、転写ローラなどの外径面の曲率により永久歪み(変形)が残るなどの問題がある。
【0004】
また、ゴムなどの弾性体からなる薄肉円筒状のベルト基材(ベルト基材ともいう)の外周面に、同様に導電剤を混入したウレタン等をコーティングして表面層を形成した構造をなすもの(例えば、特許文献2参照。)が用いられている。弾性ベルト基材の表面に、導電剤を混入させたウレタン等の樹脂をコーティング剤として塗工した表面層は、その高い表面自由エネルギーのためトナー等との離形性が悪く、また、ベルト表面のクリーニング手段として弾性ブレード(例えば、ポリウレタンブレード)を用いる場合には、摩擦係数が大きくなり弾性ブレードが反転(ベルト表面と接するブレードのエッジがベルト進行方向に対し反対側に移動することをいう)し易いという問題がある。
【0005】
トナーとの離形性、弾性ブレードの反転等の問題を解決するために、フッ素系樹脂をベルト表面にコーティングすることにより、ベルト表面の表面自由エネルギーを低減する手段が一般にとられる。しかし、ベルト基材とフッ素系樹脂との間の密着性(耐剥離性)が悪く、表面層が剥離しやすいという問題がある。また、前記問題を解決するために、アクリル系の重合体をフッ素系樹脂に添加する場合があるが、添加成分は線状高分子で、結晶化しやすく、表面層の弾性が乏しくなりベルト基材の伸縮に追従できなくなり(基材追従性が悪い)、また、ベルトを張架して駆動するローラによる繰り返し屈曲に伴い表面層にひび割れ、クラックが発生するという問題を生じる。
【0006】
更に、密着性、防汚性に優れ、伸張率が高いコーティング剤として、フッ素化(メタ)アクリレート(A)及び/又はポリシロキサン基含有(メタ)アクリレート(B)と、(A)及び(B)以外の(メタ)アクリレート(C)との共重合体(I)と(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有する単量体の重合体(II)とフッ素化オレフィン系重合体(III)とを含有するものが提案されている(例えば、特許文献3参照。)。この提案には各種基材との密着性、防汚性に優れ、伸張率が高く、柔軟で折曲げ、湾曲部を伴う用途への応用が示唆されている。しかし、各成分の化学式が網羅的に記載されているのみで、個々の用途に対応する技術的な基礎については記載はなく、例えば、伸張して繰返し屈曲される半導電性ベルトのように、弾性ベルト基材の表面層に用いることについては何らの示唆すらない。
【0007】
【特許文献1】
特開平3−89357号公報(第1〜5頁、図1)
【特許文献2】
特開2001−290376号公報(第1〜4頁、図1)
【特許文献3】
特開平7−228820号公報(第2頁、右欄第13〜20頁)
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記問題点に鑑みなされたもので、基材が弾性体からなる電子写真装置の転写ベルト、中間転写ベルトなどであって、クリーニング用の弾性ブレードとの摺擦抵抗が小さくエッジの反転が生じにくく、しかも擦り傷や摩耗の発生が少なく、ベルト表面にトナーや紙粉などが付着しにくいうえに、これらのベルトが小さい外径(10mm程度)のロールに3〜10%の伸張率で取り付けられ懸回されて繰り返し屈曲されても、その表面層には、クラックや剥離を生じることがない半導電性ベルトを提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記した課題を解決するために本発明の電子写真装置用半導電性ベルトは、ベルトの表面層について成分及び特性に関し種々の実験を重ねて完成したもので、薄肉円筒状の弾性ベルト基材の外周面に表面層を形成している電子写真装置用半導電性ベルトであって、前記表面層が、フッ素変性アクリレートと他のアクリレートとの共重合体と、フッ素化オレフィン系重合体と、メタクリル酸メチルと他の(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有する単量体との共重合体とを主成分とし、引張り破断強度が10〜25MPa、引張り破断伸びが200〜350%、弾性率が300〜600MPaであることを特徴とする。
【0010】
ベルト基材として弾性体を使用することにより、電子写真装置に組み込み易く、駆動ローラ、ガイドローラ等にも馴染みやすく、また、長期間停止・保管した場合でもベルトのガイドローラ等に巻き付けられていた位置にローラの形状(巻き癖)が残りにくく、スムーズに再起動しやくなる。弾性体としては、クロロプレンゴム(CRと略す)、ニトリルゴム(NBRと略す)などが好ましく使用される。
【0011】
表面層がフッ素化オレフィン、フッ素変性アクリレート共重合体およびメタクリル酸系共重合体の3成分を主体とし、しかも特定範囲の物性を有する。フッ素変性アクリレートを含有するために最表面(トナー、記録材などと接する面)にフッ素が配列しやすくベルト表面の表面自由エネルギーが低減されるので、トナー、紙粉等が付着しにくく、クリーニング手段としての弾性ブレードとの摩擦係数が低減される。従って、余分なトナーがベルト表面に残留せず、次に転写された画像が汚れることがなく、弾性ブレードの反転も生じにくい。また、フッ素化オレフィン系重合体を含有することにより摩擦係数が低減されると同時に、弾性ベルト基材からの低分子成分の滲出や外部からの異物進入(膨潤)を有効に防止できる。
【0012】
さらに、メタクリル酸メチルと他の(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有する単量体との共重合体(メタアクリル酸メチル含有共重合体ともいう)を添加することにより、これに含まれる極性を有する官能基により、架橋しやすくなり、塗膜が柔軟でかつ強靱になり、CR、NBRなどベルト基材との接着性がより向上され、駆動ローラ等による繰り返し屈曲にも剥離することが無い。
【0013】
本発明において上記フッ素系3成分重合体を主成分とする表面層は、引張り破断強度10〜25MPa、引張り破断伸び200〜350%、弾性率300〜600MPaに形成される。
【0014】
破断強度が10MPa未満である場合や、弾性率が300MPa未満である場合、また破断伸びが350%を超える場合には塗膜の強度が不足し、記録材の搬送、残留トナーの掻き取りなどにより擦り傷や摩耗を生じ、汚れ易くなる。また、破断強度が25MPaを超える場合、弾性率が600MPaを超える場合、また破断伸びが200%未満である場合には、ベルトが外径20mm程度の駆動ローラ等に馴染みにくくなり、馴染ませるためにベルトに張力を掛けると軸受荷重が増し回転が不安定になりやすく、しかも、弾性ベルト基材の伸びに表面層が追従できず、表面層にひび割れやクラックを生じ易くなる。
【0015】
請求項2に記載の半導電性ベルトは、前記メタクリル酸メチルと他の(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有する単量体との共重合体が、OH基を有し、このOH基と反応する架橋剤により架橋されていることを特徴とする。
【0016】
前記メタアクリル酸メチル含有共重合体はOH基を含有し、OH基と反応する基、例えばイソシアネート基を有する架橋剤を添加して架橋反応をおこし、三次元網目構造を形成して弾性が付与され、請求項1に記載の物性(引張り破断強度、引張り破断伸び、弾性率)を有する表面層を形成することができる。表面層の物性をこの範囲とすることにより、半導電性ベルトを電子写真装置に組込んで使用するとき、ベルト基材の伸長、屈曲等による表面層のひび割れが発生しにくく耐摩耗性に優れたものになる。
【0017】
請求項3に記載の半導電性ベルトは、架橋剤がブロックイソシアネートであることを特徴とする。架橋剤としてブロックイソシアネートを用いることにより、上記架橋反応が室温では進行せず、一定の温度以上になるとブロックが解離してイソシアネートが発現し、架橋反応が進行する特性を有している。従って、室温付近でブロックイソシアネートをコーティング液中に混合し、ベルト基材にコーティングした後、温度を上げて架橋反応を進行させることができる。また、室温で混合したりコーティングしたりする間、コーティング液中のブロックイソシアネートは、大気中の水分と反応しないので、塗工液のNCO/OH比が変動しない。したがって、コーティング液を開放した貯留槽に入れてコーティングを行うディッピング法に好適である。装置が簡単で一度に厚い表面層を形成することができる。
【0018】
請求項4に記載の半導電性ベルトは、弾性ベルト基材が、クロロプレンゴム、ニトリルゴム、ポリウレタンゴム、エピクロルヒドリンおよびエピクロルヒドリン−エチレンオキサイドを主成分とする共重合体のいずれか1種または2種以上の混合体からなる極性ゴムに、導電性微粒子加え、体積抵抗率を10〜1012Ωcmに調整されることを特徴とする。
【0019】
弾性ベルト基材に弾性体としてCR,NBRなどの極性ゴムを使用し、これにカーボンブラックなどの導電性微粒子を添加して、その体積抵抗率を10〜1012Ωcm、好ましくは10〜1011Ωcmに調整される。前記極性ゴムは、導電性微粒子を分散しやすく、また、弾性ベルト基材の導電性を制御しやすい。弾性ベルト基材の体積抵抗率が10Ωcm未満では、弾性ベルト基材を介してベルトの周方向に電流が流れ、ベルト表面に所定の表面電位が得られない。これが1012Ωcmを超えると、ローラからの電圧を表面層に伝えることができず、ベルト表面に必要な表面電位が得られない。
【0020】
導電性微粒子としては、カーボンブラック、金属粉末、酸化錫などが例示される。カーボンブラックは入手しやすく、前記極性ゴムに容易に分散できるので好ましい。
【0021】
請求項5に記載の半導電性ベルトは、フルカラー複写機およびモノクロ複写機に使用される転写ベルトまたは中間転写ベルトであることを特徴とする。転写ベルト、中間転写ベルトなどは、トナーや記録紙などを容易に担持しかつ容易に分離できることが要求され、また、長期に高画質で使用できることが要求されるので前記の半導電性ベルトが極めて好適に使用できる。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る半導電性ベルトについて各実施の形態を図面を参考にしながら説明する。図1は本発明に係る半導電性ベルト20の斜視図(一部省略)であり、薄肉円筒状の弾性ベルト基材22の外周面に表面層21を積層している。図2は本発明の半導電性ベルトが使用される電子写真装置の概要を示す側面図であり、感光体1は帯電部2によって帯電された後、露光部3によって潜像が形成され、現像部4によってトナー像が形成されるようになっている。また、転写ベルト5(半導電性ベルト)はローラ6、6’に張架されて、記録材8を感光体1に押しつけながら矢印xの方向に移送する。記録材8には感光体1に形成されたトナー像が転写され、定着ローラ9により定着される。転写ベルト5は、記録材8にトナー像を転写した後、その表面に残留するトナーを転写ブレード7(転写ベルト用弾性ブレード)により掻き落とされる。また、転写後、感光体1に残留するトナーはクリーニング部10によって拭き落とされ回収される。つづいて感光体1の表面はイレーザーランプ11によって除電される。
【0023】
上記のように転写ベルトとして使用される半導電性ベルトの実施例および比較例により、本発明を更に具体的に説明する。
【0024】
〔実施例1〕
弾性ベルト基材はCRを主体とし、CR100重量部に導電性粒子としてカーボンブラック(三菱化学社製、HAFカーボン)30重量部およびその他配合剤(酸化亜鉛、加硫剤など)を混練りした配合ゴムを押出機を用いて外径約42mm、厚さ約1mmの弾性体チューブ(薄肉円筒体)を成形した。この弾性体チューブを長さを約400mmに切断し、円筒金型に装填し、スリーブで加圧、加熱して加硫、脱型した後、均一な所定の厚さとするために、前記弾性体チューブ全長にわたり研磨して外径40mm、厚さ0.5mmの弾性ベルト基材を得た。この体積抵抗率は3×1011Ωcmであった。
【0025】
この弾性ベルト基材の外周面にフッ素系のコーティング剤を塗工することにより表面層を形成する。この表面層は、表1に示すフッ素系のコーティング剤を、ディッピング法により、乾燥後の表面層厚さが10μmになるように塗工し乾燥して、更に熱風オーブンを用いて140℃で30分間乾燥・硬化して半導電性ベルト(転写ベルト)を作製した。
【0026】
なお、前記フッ素系のコーティング剤は、大日本インキ化学工業社製、フッ素系防汚コーティング剤、商品名「ディフェンサー:TR306」であって、フッ素変性アクリレートと他のアクリレートとの共重合体と、フッ素化オレフィンと、メタクリル酸メチルと他の(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有する単量体との共重合体との3成分をメチルエチルケトン/ブチルアセテート混合溶剤に混合したものである。
【0027】
前記フッ素系コーティング剤は、表面層への適否を確認するため前もって、コーティング剤をテフロン(登録商標)シートの上に滴下し、風乾して溶剤を充分揮発させた後、熱風オーブンを用いて140℃で30分間乾燥して、厚さ約100μmの物性試験用のフィルムを作成し、引張り破断強度、引張り破断伸び及び弾性率の評価を行った。この引張り破断強度、引張り破断伸びおよび弾性率は、インストロン社製万能引張り試験機5568型を使用し、試験片はJIS6号ダンベル型に打ち抜き、引張りスピードを200mm/minとして測定した。
【0028】
また、上記のベルトの評価方法は、次の通りである。屈曲耐久性は、MIT耐屈曲強さ試験器により亀裂が入るまでの屈曲回数を測定し、接触角は接触角測定機による対純水接触角を測定し、動摩擦係数はヘイドン表面測定機を使用し、相手部材としてウレタンブレードを摺動させて測定した。
【0029】
さらに、表面層の耐剥離性と基材追従性は、伸張時耐クラック性により評価した。ベルトを10%、15%伸長してクラック発生をマイクロスコープにて目視で確認し、15%伸長でもクラック発生のないものを◎、10%伸長でクラック発生の認められないものを○、10%伸長でクラックが認められるものを×として評価した。これは本発明の半導電性ベルトが、基材が弾性体よりなり、5〜10%伸張した上で外径の小さいローラに張架され、屈曲されることを想定したものである。
【0030】
〔実施例2〕
実施例1のコーティング剤の固形分100重量部に対しブロックイソシアネートである架橋剤(旭化成工業社製、商品名「デュラネート:TPA−B80X」)を6重量部添加して形成したフィルムで引張り特性を評価したコーティング剤を用いた他は、実施例1と同様に屈曲耐久性、接触角、動摩擦係数及び伸張耐クラック性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
【0031】
〔比較例1〕
弾性ベルト基材を単層の樹脂円筒状体としたもので、PC樹脂100重量部にカーボンブラック(三菱化学社製HAFカーボン)を10重量部配合し、押出成形機を用いて外径40mm、厚さ0.1mmの表面層を有しない半導電性ベルトを作製した。得られた半導電性ベルトについて実施例1と同様に屈曲耐久性を評価した。結果を表2に示す(屈曲耐久性60回)。
【0032】
〔比較例2〕
実施例1の弾性ベルト基材に表1に示すウレタン系コーティング剤(大日精化工業社製、商品名「レザミン」ME823LP:固形分含量=15%、溶剤=DMF/MEK混合)を実施例1と同様に塗工・硬化して、半導電性ベルトを作成した。コーティングフィルム及びベルトの特性を実施例1と同様に評価した。結果を表2に示す(動摩擦係数が大きく、エッジの反転が多い)。
【0033】
〔比較例3〕
実施例1の弾性ベルト基材にフッ素変性アクリレートと他のアクリレートとの共重合体と、フッ素化オレフィンとメタアクリル酸メチルと他の(メタ)アクリロイル基含有単量体との共重合体の3成分を含み表1に示す引張り特性を有するフッ素系コーティング剤(大日本インキ化学工業社製、フッ素系防汚コーティング剤、商品名「ディフェンサー・TR250」)を用いた他は実施例1と同様にして半導電性ベルトを作製した。このベルトの耐耐久性、接触角、動摩擦係数)および伸張耐クラック性を実施例1と同様に評価した結果を表2に示す。
【0034】
【表1】

Figure 2004157289
【0035】
【表2】
Figure 2004157289
表1、表2より明らかなように、ベルト基材に弾性体(CR)を使用し、表面層にフッ素系共重合体2種とアクリル系共重合体を含有し、所定範囲の引張り特性有するコーティング剤を使用している実施例1,2は、転写ブレードとの動摩擦係数が低く、接触角が大きくてトナーが付着しにくく、屈曲耐久性や伸張耐クラック性に優れる。同じフッ素系共重合体2種とアクリル系共重合体を含有しても、コーティングフィルムの引張り特性が所定の範囲を外れると、比較例3のように伸張耐クラック性が劣り、実用に供せなくなる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
上記のように本発明の半導電性ベルトは、弾性ベルト基材と表面層(塗膜)とからなり、表面層にフッ素系共重合体2種とアクリル系共重合体を含有させたコーティング剤を用い所定範囲の引張り特性を有させることにより、電子写真装置に組み込み易くトナーが付着しにくく、クリーニングブレードとの摺擦が良く、20mm前後の小径ローラの掛け渡し回動させても、クラックや剥離を生じにくく耐久性に優れたものとなる。
【0037】
表面層に使用する共重合体にOH基を含有させ、 架橋剤を添加して三次元構造となすことにより、柔軟で屈曲、剥離により強くなる。架橋剤としてブロックイソシアネートを使用することにより、常温での取扱中に架橋が進行することを防止できるので、ディッピング法により安定に塗工することができる。
【0038】
弾性ベルト基材の体積抵抗率を所定の範囲に調整することにより、印加電圧を好ましい表面電位に変換できる。従って、本発明の半導電性ベルトは、転写ベルトとして充分に活用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の半導電性ベルト20の斜視図(一部省略)である。
【図2】本発明の半導電性ベルト20が使用される電子写真装置の概要を示す側面図である。
【符号の説明】
1:感光体
2:帯電部
3:露光部
4:現像部
5:転写ベルト
6、6’:ローラ
7:弾性ブレード
8:記録材
9:クリーニング部
20:半導電性ベルト
21:表面層
22:弾性ベルト基材[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a semiconductive belt used for an electrophotographic apparatus. In particular, the present invention relates to a semiconductive belt suitable for a transfer belt or an intermediate transfer belt for transferring a toner image formed on a photoconductor to a recording material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in electrophotographic devices such as copiers and laser printers, when a toner image formed on a photoreceptor is transferred to a recording material such as recording paper or transfer paper, the toner image is temporarily transferred to an intermediate transfer belt. A process of copying and transferring the image to a recording material is often employed. After the transfer, the toner remaining on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt is removed by a cleaning means such as an elastic blade, and the intermediate transfer belt is cleaned to enable the next transfer.
[0003]
As the intermediate transfer belt, for example, a thin cylindrical body made of a simple substance such as a polycarbonate resin (abbreviated as PC) mixed with conductive fine particles (also referred to as a conductive agent) such as carbon black and metal powder, and polyimide (for example, see Patent Document 1) 1) is used. However, molded products made by mixing a conductive agent such as carbon black into PC have poor flex fatigue resistance, and are prone to cracking when used for a long period of time. There is a problem that permanent distortion (deformation) remains due to the curvature of the outer diameter surface of the driven roller, transfer roller, or the like.
[0004]
In addition, the outer peripheral surface of a thin cylindrical belt base material (also called a belt base material) made of an elastic material such as rubber is coated with urethane or the like mixed with a conductive agent to form a surface layer. (For example, refer to Patent Document 2). A surface layer formed by coating a resin such as urethane mixed with a conductive agent on the surface of an elastic belt base material as a coating agent has poor surface releasability from toner and the like due to its high surface free energy. When an elastic blade (for example, a polyurethane blade) is used as the cleaning means, the coefficient of friction increases and the elastic blade reverses (this means that the edge of the blade in contact with the belt surface moves to the opposite side to the belt traveling direction). There is a problem that it is easy to do.
[0005]
In order to solve the problems such as the releasability from the toner and the reversal of the elastic blade, a means for reducing the surface free energy of the belt surface by coating a fluorine-based resin on the belt surface is generally adopted. However, there is a problem that adhesion (peeling resistance) between the belt base material and the fluororesin is poor, and the surface layer is easily peeled. Further, in order to solve the above problem, an acrylic polymer may be added to the fluororesin, but the added component is a linear polymer, which is easily crystallized, and the elasticity of the surface layer becomes poor, so that the belt substrate In addition, it is difficult to follow the expansion and contraction of the substrate (poor base material followability), and there is a problem that the surface layer is cracked and cracked due to repeated bending by a roller that stretches and drives the belt.
[0006]
Furthermore, fluorinated (meth) acrylates (A) and / or polysiloxane group-containing (meth) acrylates (B), (A) and (B) are used as coating agents having excellent adhesion and antifouling properties and high elongation. ) Containing a copolymer (I) with a (meth) acrylate (C) other than the above, a polymer (II) of a monomer containing a (meth) acryloyl group, and a fluorinated olefin-based polymer (III). Some have been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 3). This proposal suggests application to applications having excellent adhesion to various substrates, antifouling properties, high elongation, flexibility, bending, and bending. However, only the chemical formula of each component is described comprehensively, there is no description of the technical basis corresponding to each application, for example, a semiconductive belt that is repeatedly stretched and bent, There is no suggestion for use in the surface layer of the elastic belt substrate.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-3-89357 (pages 1 to 5, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2001-290376 (pages 1-4, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-7-228820 (page 2, right column, pages 13 to 20)
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and is directed to a transfer belt or an intermediate transfer belt of an electrophotographic apparatus in which a base material is made of an elastic material, in which the frictional resistance with an elastic cleaning blade is small and the edge is inverted. Hardly cause abrasion and abrasion, toner and paper powder are hardly adhered to the belt surface, and these belts can be rolled on a roll having a small outer diameter (about 10 mm) at an elongation ratio of 3 to 10%. An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductive belt which does not crack or peel off on its surface layer even when it is attached, suspended and repeatedly bent.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a semiconductive belt for an electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention has been completed by conducting various experiments on components and characteristics of a surface layer of the belt, and has a thin cylindrical elastic belt base material. A semiconductive belt for an electrophotographic apparatus having a surface layer formed on an outer peripheral surface, wherein the surface layer is a copolymer of a fluorine-modified acrylate and another acrylate, a fluorinated olefin polymer, and methacrylic. A copolymer mainly composed of methyl acid and another monomer containing a (meth) acryloyl group, having a tensile strength at break of 10 to 25 MPa, a tensile strength at break of 200 to 350%, and an elastic modulus of 300 to 600 MPa. It is characterized by being.
[0010]
By using an elastic body as a belt base material, it is easy to incorporate into an electrophotographic apparatus, easily adapts to a drive roller, a guide roller, etc., and is wrapped around a guide roller of a belt even when stopped and stored for a long time. The shape (winding habit) of the roller hardly remains at the position, and it is easy to restart smoothly. As the elastic body, chloroprene rubber (abbreviated as CR), nitrile rubber (abbreviated as NBR) or the like is preferably used.
[0011]
The surface layer mainly comprises three components of a fluorinated olefin, a fluorine-modified acrylate copolymer and a methacrylic acid-based copolymer, and has physical properties in a specific range. Since the fluorine-modified acrylate is contained, fluorine is easily arranged on the outermost surface (the surface in contact with the toner, the recording material, etc.), and the surface free energy of the belt surface is reduced. The coefficient of friction with the elastic blade is reduced. Therefore, no extra toner remains on the belt surface, the next transferred image does not become dirty, and the reversal of the elastic blade hardly occurs. Further, by containing the fluorinated olefin-based polymer, the coefficient of friction is reduced, and at the same time, the exudation of low molecular components from the elastic belt substrate and the invasion of foreign matter (swelling) from the outside can be effectively prevented.
[0012]
Further, by adding a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and another monomer containing a (meth) acryloyl group (also referred to as a methyl methacrylate-containing copolymer), a polar functional group contained therein is added. The group facilitates cross-linking, makes the coating film flexible and tough, further improves the adhesion to a belt base material such as CR and NBR, and does not peel off even when repeatedly bent by a driving roller or the like.
[0013]
In the present invention, the surface layer containing the fluorine-based tertiary polymer as a main component has a tensile strength at break of 10 to 25 MPa, a tensile elongation at break of 200 to 350%, and an elastic modulus of 300 to 600 MPa.
[0014]
When the breaking strength is less than 10 MPa, when the elastic modulus is less than 300 MPa, or when the breaking elongation exceeds 350%, the strength of the coating film is insufficient, and the recording material is conveyed, the residual toner is scraped off, or the like. Scratches and abrasion occur, making it easy to get dirty. When the breaking strength exceeds 25 MPa, when the elastic modulus exceeds 600 MPa, and when the breaking elongation is less than 200%, the belt becomes difficult to adjust to a driving roller or the like having an outer diameter of about 20 mm. When tension is applied to the belt, the bearing load increases and rotation tends to become unstable, and furthermore, the surface layer cannot follow the elongation of the elastic belt base material, and cracks and cracks tend to occur in the surface layer.
[0015]
3. The semiconductive belt according to claim 2, wherein the copolymer of the methyl methacrylate and another monomer containing a (meth) acryloyl group has an OH group, and is crosslinked to react with the OH group. Characterized by being cross-linked by an agent.
[0016]
The methyl methacrylate-containing copolymer contains an OH group and undergoes a crosslinking reaction by adding a group that reacts with the OH group, for example, a crosslinking agent having an isocyanate group, to form a three-dimensional network structure and impart elasticity. Thus, a surface layer having the physical properties (tensile strength at break, tensile elongation at break, elastic modulus) according to claim 1 can be formed. By setting the physical properties of the surface layer within this range, when the semiconductive belt is used in an electrophotographic apparatus, the surface layer is not easily cracked due to elongation or bending of the belt base material, and the wear resistance is excellent. It becomes something.
[0017]
The semiconductive belt according to claim 3 is characterized in that the crosslinking agent is a blocked isocyanate. By using a blocked isocyanate as a cross-linking agent, the above-mentioned cross-linking reaction does not proceed at room temperature, and when the temperature exceeds a certain temperature, the block is dissociated, and isocyanate is developed, so that the cross-linking reaction proceeds. Therefore, after the blocked isocyanate is mixed in the coating solution at around room temperature and coated on the belt base material, the temperature is raised to allow the crosslinking reaction to proceed. Further, during mixing or coating at room temperature, the blocked isocyanate in the coating liquid does not react with moisture in the atmosphere, so that the NCO / OH ratio of the coating liquid does not change. Therefore, it is suitable for a dipping method in which coating is performed by placing the coating liquid in an open storage tank. The apparatus is simple and can form a thick surface layer at one time.
[0018]
The semiconductive belt according to claim 4, wherein the elastic belt base material is at least one of chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, polyurethane rubber, epichlorohydrin, and a copolymer containing epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide as a main component. And a conductive rubber is added to a polar rubber made of a mixture of the above, and the volume resistivity is adjusted to 10 6 to 10 12 Ωcm.
[0019]
A polar rubber such as CR or NBR is used as an elastic body for the elastic belt base material, and conductive fine particles such as carbon black are added thereto, and the volume resistivity is 10 6 to 10 12 Ωcm, preferably 10 9 to 10 12 Ωcm. It is adjusted to 10 11 Ωcm. The polar rubber easily disperses conductive fine particles and easily controls the conductivity of the elastic belt base material. If the volume resistivity of the elastic belt base material is less than 10 6 Ωcm, a current flows in the circumferential direction of the belt via the elastic belt base material, and a predetermined surface potential cannot be obtained on the belt surface. If this exceeds 10 12 Ωcm, the voltage from the roller cannot be transmitted to the surface layer, and the required surface potential on the belt surface cannot be obtained.
[0020]
Examples of the conductive fine particles include carbon black, metal powder, and tin oxide. Carbon black is preferred because it is easily available and can be easily dispersed in the polar rubber.
[0021]
The semiconductive belt according to claim 5 is a transfer belt or an intermediate transfer belt used in a full-color copying machine and a monochrome copying machine. Transfer belts, intermediate transfer belts and the like are required to be able to easily carry and easily separate toner and recording paper, and are required to be able to be used with high image quality for a long period of time. It can be suitably used.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of a semiconductive belt according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view (partially omitted) of a semiconductive belt 20 according to the present invention, in which a surface layer 21 is laminated on an outer peripheral surface of a thin cylindrical elastic belt base material 22. FIG. 2 is a side view showing an outline of an electrophotographic apparatus using the semiconductive belt of the present invention. After a photosensitive member 1 is charged by a charging unit 2, a latent image is formed by an exposure unit 3, and a developing process is performed. The toner image is formed by the unit 4. The transfer belt 5 (semiconductive belt) is stretched around rollers 6 and 6 ′, and transports the recording material 8 in the direction of arrow x while pressing the recording material 8 against the photoconductor 1. The toner image formed on the photoconductor 1 is transferred to the recording material 8 and fixed by the fixing roller 9. After the transfer belt 5 transfers the toner image to the recording material 8, the toner remaining on the surface thereof is scraped off by the transfer blade 7 (elastic blade for transfer belt). After the transfer, the toner remaining on the photoconductor 1 is wiped off by the cleaning unit 10 and collected. Subsequently, the surface of the photoconductor 1 is discharged by the eraser lamp 11.
[0023]
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples of the semiconductive belt used as the transfer belt as described above.
[0024]
[Example 1]
The elastic belt base material is mainly composed of CR, and a mixture of 100 parts by weight of CR and 30 parts by weight of conductive particles of carbon black (HAF carbon, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) and other compounding agents (zinc oxide, vulcanizing agent, etc.). The rubber was formed into an elastic tube (thin cylinder) having an outer diameter of about 42 mm and a thickness of about 1 mm using an extruder. This elastic tube is cut into a length of about 400 mm, loaded into a cylindrical mold, pressurized with a sleeve, heated, vulcanized, and demolded. The entire length of the tube was polished to obtain an elastic belt substrate having an outer diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm. This volume resistivity was 3 × 10 11 Ωcm.
[0025]
A surface layer is formed by applying a fluorine-based coating agent on the outer peripheral surface of the elastic belt base material. This surface layer was coated with a fluorine-based coating agent shown in Table 1 by a dipping method so that the surface layer thickness after drying was 10 μm, dried, and further heated at 140 ° C. using a hot air oven at 30 ° C. After drying and curing for a minute, a semiconductive belt (transfer belt) was produced.
[0026]
The fluorine-based coating agent is a fluorine-based antifouling coating agent manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., trade name “Defenser: TR306”, which is a copolymer of a fluorine-modified acrylate and another acrylate. And a fluorinated olefin, and a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and another monomer having a (meth) acryloyl group in a mixed solvent of methyl ethyl ketone / butyl acetate.
[0027]
In order to confirm the suitability of the fluorine-based coating agent for the surface layer, the coating agent is dropped on a Teflon (registered trademark) sheet in advance and air-dried to sufficiently evaporate the solvent. After drying at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes, a film for a physical property test having a thickness of about 100 μm was prepared, and the tensile strength at break, tensile elongation at break and elastic modulus were evaluated. The tensile strength at break, tensile elongation at break, and modulus of elasticity were measured by using an universal tensile tester Model 5568 manufactured by Instron Co., Ltd., and punching a test piece into a JIS No. 6 dumbbell mold at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min.
[0028]
The evaluation method of the belt is as follows. For flex durability, measure the number of flexes before cracking with an MIT flex strength tester, measure the contact angle with a pure water contact angle using a contact angle measuring device, and use a Haydon surface measuring device for the dynamic friction coefficient. Then, measurement was performed by sliding a urethane blade as a mating member.
[0029]
Furthermore, the peel resistance and the substrate followability of the surface layer were evaluated by the crack resistance during stretching. The belt was stretched by 10% and 15%, and the occurrence of cracks was visually checked with a microscope. A case where there was no crack even at 15% elongation was ◎. A case where no crack was observed after 10% elongation was ○ 10% Those in which cracks were observed in elongation were evaluated as x. This is based on the assumption that the semiconductive belt of the present invention is made of an elastic body, stretched 5 to 10%, stretched over a roller having a small outer diameter, and bent.
[0030]
[Example 2]
A film formed by adding 6 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent (manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name: “Duranate: TPA-B80X”) to 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the coating agent of Example 1 has a tensile property. Except for using the evaluated coating agent, the bending durability, the contact angle, the dynamic friction coefficient and the extension crack resistance were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the results.
[0031]
[Comparative Example 1]
The elastic belt base material is a single-layer resin cylindrical body, and 100 parts by weight of PC resin is mixed with 10 parts by weight of carbon black (HAF carbon manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation). A 0.1 mm-thick semiconductive belt having no surface layer was produced. The bending durability of the obtained semiconductive belt was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2 (bending durability 60 times).
[0032]
[Comparative Example 2]
A urethane-based coating agent (manufactured by Dainichi Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name “Resamine” ME823LP: solid content = 15%, solvent = DMF / MEK mixture) shown in Table 1 was applied to the elastic belt base material of Example 1. Coating and curing were performed in the same manner as in the above to prepare a semiconductive belt. The properties of the coating film and the belt were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2 (the coefficient of kinetic friction is large, and the edge is frequently inverted).
[0033]
[Comparative Example 3]
The copolymer of fluorine-modified acrylate and other acrylate, and the copolymer of fluorinated olefin, methyl methacrylate and other (meth) acryloyl group-containing monomer on the elastic belt substrate of Example 1 Same as Example 1 except that a fluorine-based coating agent containing components and having tensile properties shown in Table 1 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc., fluorine-based antifouling coating agent, trade name "Defenser TR250") was used. To produce a semiconductive belt. Table 2 shows the results of evaluating the durability, contact angle, and coefficient of dynamic friction of the belt and the extension crack resistance in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0034]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004157289
[0035]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004157289
As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, an elastic material (CR) is used for the belt base material, the surface layer contains two fluorine-based copolymers and an acrylic copolymer, and has a predetermined range of tensile properties. In Examples 1 and 2 using the coating agent, the coefficient of kinetic friction with the transfer blade is low, the contact angle is large, the toner is hard to adhere, and the bending durability and the extension crack resistance are excellent. Even when two kinds of the fluorine-based copolymer and the acrylic copolymer are contained, if the tensile properties of the coating film are out of the predetermined range, the tensile cracking resistance is inferior as in Comparative Example 3, and the film is practically used. Disappears.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the semiconductive belt of the present invention comprises an elastic belt base material and a surface layer (coating film), and the surface layer contains two fluorine-based copolymers and an acrylic copolymer. By having a predetermined range of tensile properties, the toner can be easily incorporated into an electrophotographic apparatus, the toner does not easily adhere thereto, the rubbing with the cleaning blade is good, and even when the small-diameter roller of about 20 mm is crossed and rotated, cracks or Peeling does not easily occur and the durability is excellent.
[0037]
By making the copolymer used for the surface layer contain an OH group and adding a cross-linking agent to form a three-dimensional structure, it becomes more flexible and more resistant to bending and peeling. By using a blocked isocyanate as a cross-linking agent, it is possible to prevent the progress of cross-linking during handling at room temperature, so that the coating can be stably performed by a dipping method.
[0038]
By adjusting the volume resistivity of the elastic belt base material within a predetermined range, the applied voltage can be converted to a preferable surface potential. Therefore, the semiconductive belt of the present invention can be fully utilized as a transfer belt.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view (partially omitted) of a semiconductive belt 20 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view showing an outline of an electrophotographic apparatus using the semiconductive belt 20 of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: photoconductor 2: charging unit 3: exposure unit 4: developing unit 5: transfer belt 6, 6 ′: roller 7: elastic blade 8: recording material 9: cleaning unit 20: semiconductive belt 21: surface layer 22: Elastic belt base material

Claims (5)

薄肉円筒状の弾性ベルト基材の外周面に表面層を形成している電子写真装置用半導電性ベルトにおいて、
前記表面層が、フッ素変性アクリレートと他のアクリレートとの共重合体と、フッ素化オレフィン系重合体と、メタクリル酸メチルと他の(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有する単量体との共重合体とを主成分とし、引張り破断強度が10〜25MPa、引張り破断伸びが200〜350%、弾性率が300〜600MPaであることを特徴とする電子写真装置用半導電性ベルト。
In a semiconductive belt for an electrophotographic apparatus in which a surface layer is formed on an outer peripheral surface of a thin cylindrical elastic belt base material,
The surface layer is a copolymer of a fluorine-modified acrylate and another acrylate, a fluorinated olefin polymer, and a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and another monomer containing a (meth) acryloyl group. A semiconductive belt for an electrophotographic apparatus, comprising: as a main component, a tensile breaking strength of 10 to 25 MPa, a tensile breaking elongation of 200 to 350%, and an elastic modulus of 300 to 600 MPa.
前記メタクリル酸メチルと他の(メタ)アクリロイル基を含有する単量体との共重合体がOH基を有し、このOH基と反応する架橋剤が添加され架橋されている請求項1に記載の電子写真装置用半導電性ベルト。The copolymer according to claim 1, wherein the copolymer of methyl methacrylate and another monomer containing a (meth) acryloyl group has an OH group, and a crosslinking agent that reacts with the OH group is added and crosslinked. Semiconductive belt for electrophotographic equipment. 前記架橋剤がブロックイソシアネートである請求項2に記載の電子写真装置用半導電性ベルト。The semiconductive belt for an electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the crosslinking agent is a blocked isocyanate. 前記弾性ベルト基材が、クロロプレンゴム、ニトリルゴム、ウレタンゴム、エピクロルヒドリンおよびエピクロルヒドリン−エチレンオキサイドを主成分とする共重合体のいずれか1種または2種以上の混合体からなる極性ゴムに、導電性微粒子を加え、体積抵抗率を10〜1012Ωcmに調整されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の電子写真装置用半導電性ベルト。The elastic belt base material is made of a chloroprene rubber, a nitrile rubber, a urethane rubber, epichlorohydrin and a polar rubber comprising a mixture of any one or more of epichlorohydrin-ethylene oxide-based copolymers. The semiconductive belt for an electrophotographic apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a volume resistivity is adjusted to 10 6 to 10 12 Ωcm by adding fine particles. 前記電子写真装置用半導電性ベルトがフルカラー複写機およびモノクロ複写機の転写ベルト若しくは中間転写ベルトである請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の電子写真装置用半導電性ベルト。The semiconductive belt for an electrophotographic apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the semiconductive belt for an electrophotographic apparatus is a transfer belt or an intermediate transfer belt of a full-color copying machine and a monochrome copying machine.
JP2002322235A 2002-11-06 2002-11-06 Semiconductive belt for electrophotographic equipment Expired - Fee Related JP4210100B2 (en)

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Cited By (8)

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JP2009192901A (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-27 Bridgestone Corp Conductive endless belt
US7809315B2 (en) 2004-12-28 2010-10-05 Bridgestone Corporation Transfer/transport conductive endless belt for a tandem system, method for producing same, and image forming apparatus employing same
CN102321282A (en) * 2011-08-18 2012-01-18 上海众力汽车部件有限公司 Oil-resistant high-temperature compression fatigue-resistant chloroprene rubber composition
JP2014197064A (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-16 東海ゴム工業株式会社 Modified rubber elastic body and electrophotographic member
JP2015125226A (en) * 2013-12-26 2015-07-06 コニカミノルタ株式会社 Transfer belt and image forming apparatus
DE102011108878B4 (en) * 2010-08-06 2015-08-20 Sumitomo Riko Company Limited Endless belt for an electrophotographic device
JP2015158574A (en) * 2014-02-24 2015-09-03 株式会社リコー Intermediate transfer body, and image forming apparatus using the same
JP2017016049A (en) * 2015-07-06 2017-01-19 コニカミノルタ株式会社 Intermediate transfer belt and image forming apparatus

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7809315B2 (en) 2004-12-28 2010-10-05 Bridgestone Corporation Transfer/transport conductive endless belt for a tandem system, method for producing same, and image forming apparatus employing same
JP2009192901A (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-27 Bridgestone Corp Conductive endless belt
DE102011108878B4 (en) * 2010-08-06 2015-08-20 Sumitomo Riko Company Limited Endless belt for an electrophotographic device
CN102321282A (en) * 2011-08-18 2012-01-18 上海众力汽车部件有限公司 Oil-resistant high-temperature compression fatigue-resistant chloroprene rubber composition
JP2014197064A (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-16 東海ゴム工業株式会社 Modified rubber elastic body and electrophotographic member
JP2015125226A (en) * 2013-12-26 2015-07-06 コニカミノルタ株式会社 Transfer belt and image forming apparatus
JP2015158574A (en) * 2014-02-24 2015-09-03 株式会社リコー Intermediate transfer body, and image forming apparatus using the same
JP2017016049A (en) * 2015-07-06 2017-01-19 コニカミノルタ株式会社 Intermediate transfer belt and image forming apparatus
US9958812B2 (en) 2015-07-06 2018-05-01 Konica Minolta, Inc. Intermediate transferring belt and image-forming apparatus

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