JP2004154795A - Forming die, forming method, and formed product for external tooth profile component - Google Patents

Forming die, forming method, and formed product for external tooth profile component Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP2004154795A
JP2004154795A JP2002321188A JP2002321188A JP2004154795A JP 2004154795 A JP2004154795 A JP 2004154795A JP 2002321188 A JP2002321188 A JP 2002321188A JP 2002321188 A JP2002321188 A JP 2002321188A JP 2004154795 A JP2004154795 A JP 2004154795A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
punch
annular
forming
die
blank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2002321188A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP4053405B2 (en
Inventor
Hiroshi Ishita
寛史 井下
Koichi Ikushima
幸一 生島
Kazuyoshi Kondo
一義 近藤
Norimasa Ono
訓正 小野
Masayoshi Ogura
真義 小倉
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Toyota Motor Corp
Toyota Gauken
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Toyota Motor Corp
Toyota Gauken
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd, Toyota Motor Corp, Toyota Gauken filed Critical Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority to JP2002321188A priority Critical patent/JP4053405B2/en
Publication of JP2004154795A publication Critical patent/JP2004154795A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4053405B2 publication Critical patent/JP4053405B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To precisely form external tooth profile components, which have a variety of shapes, by upsetting. <P>SOLUTION: In the early stage of a leading process, the flow of material is promoted by concentrating a load on a contact portion of an annular projection 6a of a punch 601 for the leading process with an annular blank 1 while preventing the increase of working surface pressure applied to a die. Because a forming surface of a punch 602 for the following process has a small annular projection 6a' smaller than the annular projection 6a of the punch 601 for the leading process, the small annular projection 6a' of the punch 602 for the following process is inserted with a clearance S into the annular groove 5c formed in the annular blank 1 by the annular projection 6a of the punch 601 for the leading process. The clearance S functions as a recess for run off. Thus, the charge of material into an external tooth profile forming surface 8a of the die 8 can be promoted while preventing the increase in working surface pressure on a forming die 4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、据込み成形方法によって外歯形部品を製造するための技術に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、平歯車等の外歯形部品を製造する方法の1つとして、据込み方法が用いられている。据込み方法は、ブランクの上下面を工具で圧縮して高さを縮め、材料を軸と直角方向に広げる加工方法である。外歯形部品を成形する場合には、外歯形成形面を有するダイスと、該ダイスの中心部に位置するマンドレルと、キャビティの上面を構成するパンチと、キャビティの底面を構成するカウンタパンチとを有する金型を用い、キャビティ内で環状ブランクの上下面を圧縮することにより、ダイスの外歯形形状を環状ブランクに転写する手法が採られる。(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開昭63−108940号公報(第2項、図1)
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の据込み成形方法によって環状ブランク1から平歯車等の外歯形部品を成形する場合には、図8(左右対称形状であるため、中心線の左側のみ示す。以下、図10、図1〜図3、図5も同じ。)に示すパンチ2の成形面2aの摩擦抗μFが大きいために、環状ブランク1のパンチ2の成形面2aに接触している部分及び同様の理由でカウンタパンチに接触している部分の素材流動が阻害され、環状ブランクの外周部1aは、高さ方向中央部が最も外側に突出する「タル状」に変形しながら、成形が進行することとなる。その結果として、特に外歯形の端部において、素材の充填不良が生じることとなる。
また、一般的に、素材を金型の内部に密閉して外歯形へと素材を充填する場合には、図9に示すように、加工面圧の増加と外歯形充填率の増加との関係は、外歯形充填率が100%に近づくほど鈍くなる。すなわち、完全充填の付近において急激に加工面圧が増大することとなり、完全充填以前に金型が破損する(図9の斜線部の領域に突入する。)こととなる。
【0005】
また、従来の据込み成形方法によって環状ブランク1からボス付の外歯形部品を成形する場合には、図10に示すパンチ3の下端面3a及び内周面3bの摩擦抵抗μFが大きいため、ボス部1bに十分な素材流動をさせることができず、その結果としてボス部1bに必要な高さを持たせることが困難となっていた。さらに、ボス高さ率(図2に例示するように、成形品全体の高さHに対するボス部のみの高さhの比率。)と、ボス面積率A/A(ボス付外歯形部品を平面視したときの、全体の投影面積Aとボス部のみの投影面積Aとの比率。)との関係は、図11に示すような関係があり、製品全体に占めるボス部の面積比A/Aが小さい製品形状の場合には、加工面圧比k(加工面圧と素材の変形抵抗との比率)も増大して、金型破損領域Tに容易に突入してしまうといった問題もあった。このため、従来の据込み成形方法によってボス付外歯形部品を成形する場合は、金型の破損を防ぐために、製品形状の自由度が制限されるといった問題も生じていた。
【0006】
本発明は上記課題に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的とするところは、据込み成形方法によって、様々な形状の外歯形部品を精密に成形することにある。そして、高精度かつ低価格のボス付外歯形部品を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するための、本発明の請求項1に係る外歯形部品の成形用金型は、外歯形成形面を有するダイスと、該ダイスの中心部に位置するマンドレルと、キャビティの上面を構成するパンチと、キャビティの底面を構成するカウンタパンチとを有し、キャビティ内で環状ブランクの上下面を圧縮して軸と直角方向へと変形させ、環状ブランク外周部に外歯形を成形する金型であって、前記パンチまたは前記カウンタパンチの少なくとも一方は、先工程用パンチと後工程用パンチとを交換可能に備え、前記先工程用パンチは、環状の突起部が設けられた成形面を有し、前記後工程用パンチは、前記先工程用パンチの環状の突起部により環状ダイスに形成される環状溝を、素材の逃がし部に用いることが可能な形状の成形面として、前記先工程用パンチが備える環状の突起部に比して小さな環状の突起部を備える成形面を有することを特徴とするものである。
【0008】
本発明によれば、前記環状ブランクの上下面を圧縮する際、前記先工程用パンチの成形面に設けた環状の突起部によって、前記環状ブランクの歯形成形部分とボス成形部分との間に位置する環状の溝を、上下面の少なくとも一方に成形し、当該溝の成形によって生じる素材流動により、ダイスの歯形成形面に対する素材充填を均一に制御する。また、当該先工程の初期段階では、前記環状の突起部と前記環状ブランクとの当接部分に荷重を集中させ、金型に加わる加工面圧の増加を防ぎつつ、素材流動を促進させることができる。
その後、前記先工程用パンチを前記後工程用パンチに交換し、前記後工程用パンチの成形面によって環状ブランクの上下面を圧縮すると、前記先工程用パンチの環状の突起部により環状ブランクに形成される環状溝を、素材の逃がし部に用いることとなるので、当該成形用金型に加わる加工面圧の増加を防ぎつつ、前記ダイスの外歯形成形面への素材の充填を更に促進させることができる。
【0009】
しかも、前記先工程用パンチの成形面に設けた環状の突起部によって前記環状ブランクに成形した環状溝に対し、前記後工程用パンチの小さな環状の突起部が、隙間をもって嵌り込むこととなる。当該隙間は素材の逃がし部として機能し、当該成形用金型に加わる加工面圧の増加を防ぎつつ、前記ダイスの外歯形成形面への素材の充填を更に促進させることができる。しかも、当該後工程において素材の流動が進むと、前記隙間は徐々に埋りそれに伴って素材の流動抵抗が増加して行くので、素材の逃げが制限され、型締完了に近づくに従い、前記ダイスの外歯形成形面へとより高い圧力で素材を充填させることが可能となる。
【0010】
また、本発明の請求項2に係る外歯形部品の成形用金型は、請求項1記載の外歯形部品の成形用金型において、前記マンドレルの外周面と、前記パンチまたは前記マンドレルの少なくとも一方の内周面とで、環状ブランク内周部にボスを成形するための成形面を構成するものである。
本発明によれば、前記先工程用パンチの成形面に設けた環状の突起部により成形される環状の溝が、前記ダイスの外歯形成形面と、環状ブランク内周部にボスを成形するための成形面とに、必要な素材流動を行うための分水嶺として機能し、外歯形部とボス部の双方へと十分な素材流動を行うことができる。
【0011】
上記課題を解決するための、本発明の請求項3に係る外歯形部品の成形方法は、歯形成形面を有するダイス内で、環状ブランクの上下面を圧縮して軸と直角方向へと変形させ、環状ブランク外周部に外歯形を成形する方法であって、前記ダイスの歯形成形面への素材充填をその途中まで行い、かつ、前記環状ブランクの上下面の少なくとも一方に、前記環状ブランクの歯形成形部分と中心部分との間に位置する環状の溝を成形する先工程と、前記環状の溝を流動する素材の逃がし部として用い、かつ、前記環状の溝を消滅させることなく、前記ダイスの歯形成形面への素材充填を完了する後工程とを含むことを特徴とするものである。
【0012】
本発明によれば、前記先工程において、前記環状ブランクの上下面を圧縮する際、上下面の少なくとも一方に成形する環状の溝の形状に応じて、ダイスの歯形成形面に対する素材の充填を均一に制御することが可能となる。なお、当該先工程では、前記ダイスの歯形成形面への素材充填をその途中まで行うことから、金型に加わる加工面圧が大きく増加することはない。
続く後工程では、前記先工程で成形した環状の溝を素材の逃がし部として用いかつ、前記環状の溝を消滅させることなく、前記ダイスの歯形成形面への素材充填を完了することで、前記ダイスを含む成形用金型に加わる加工面圧の増加を防ぎつつ、前記ダイスの外歯形成形面への素材の充填を更に促進させることができる。
【0013】
本発明の請求項4に係る外歯形部品の成形方法は、請求項3記載の外歯形部品の成形方法において、前記後工程の初期段階から最終段階に向けて、前記素材の逃がし部における素材の流動抵抗を徐々に高めることを特徴とするものである。本発明によれば、後工程の初期段階では、成形用金型に加わる加工面圧の増加を防ぎつつ、前記ダイスの外歯形成形面への素材の充填を更に促進させることができる。素材の流動が進むと、前記環状の溝は徐々に埋りそれに伴って素材の流動抵抗が増加して行くので、素材の逃げが制限され、型締完了に近づくに従い、前記ダイスの外歯形成形面へとより高い圧力で素材を充填させることが可能となる。なお、前記環状の溝は、前記素材の逃がし部としての機能を確保するために、外歯形の成形完了時まで、完全に埋ることなく残すものとする。
【0014】
また、本発明の請求項5に係る外歯形部品の成形方法は、請求項3または4記載の外歯形部品の成形方法において、前記先工程で環状ブランク内周部にボスを成形するものである。
本発明によれば、前記先工程で成形する環状の溝が、前記環状ブランクの歯形成形部分とボス成形部分とに必要な素材流動を行うための分水嶺として機能し、外歯形部とボス部の双方へと十分な素材流動を行うことができる。
【0015】
また、上記課題を解決するための、本発明の請求項6に係る成形品は、請求項3から5のいずれか1項記載の方法によって成形されることを特徴とするものである。
したがって、本発明によれば、環状ブランク外周部の外歯形が高精度に成形された成形品を得ることができる。
【0016】
また、本発明の請求項7に係る成形品は、請求項6記載の成形品において、前記環状ブランクの歯形成形部分とボス成形部分との間に位置する環状の溝を製品形状として備えるものである。
本発明によれば、前記環状の溝が製品の機能を損なうものでない限り、製品の軽量化に寄与する溝としての役割を果たすものとなる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。なお従来技術と同一部分若しくは相当する部分については同一符号で示し、詳しい説明を省略する。
【0018】
図1には、本発明の実施の形態に係る成形用金型4の要部と、成形用金型4によって成形された成形品5を模式的に示している。成形用金型4は、パンチ6及びカウンタパンチ7の双方の成形面に、環状の突起部6a、7aを設けたものである。また、パンチ6は、図1の左側に示す先工程用パンチ601と、図1の右側に示す後工程用パンチ602とを交換可能に備えている。両者の違いは、先工程用パンチ601の環状の突起部6aに比して、後工程用パンチ602の環状の突起部6a’は、その幅、高さ共に小さなものとなっている点にある。
より具体的には、環状の突起部6a、6a’、7aは、何れも成形品5の外歯形部5aとボス部5bとの間に環状溝5c、5dを形成するものとして、金型4の開閉方向に突出するように設けられ、かつ、ボス部5bの成形面となるパンチ6及びカウンタパンチ7の内周面6b、7bに連続する位置に設けられている。よって、先工程用パンチ601の環状の突起部6aに対し、後工程用パンチ602の環状の突起部6a’は、内周径は同一であるが外周径が小さなものとして形成されている。したがって、先工程用パンチ601の突起部6aによって成形された環状溝5cに、後工程用パンチ602の環状の突起部6a’が嵌り込むと、環状溝5cの半径方向外側に寄った位置に、隙間Sが形成されることとなる。
【0019】
なお、環状の突起部6a、7aの位置は、製品の外歯形部5aとボス部5bへの所望の素材流動配分に応じ、適切な位置に配置するものである。また、図1では、先工程用パンチ601の環状の突起部6aは、パンチ7の環状の突起部7aに比して広く低い形状のものとして図示されているが、突起部6a、7aの形状はこの関係に限定されるものではなく、必要に応じて、突起部6a、7aを同一幅、同一高さとする場合や、パンチ7の環状の突起部7aを、パンチ6の環状の突起部6aに比して広く低い形状とする場合もある。
【0020】
ここで、本発明の実施の形態によりボス付外歯形部品の成形を行う手順を説明する。本発明の実施の形態では、図2の上段に示す高さHの環状ブランク1から、先工程において、図2の中段に示す成形品全体の高さH、外歯形部5aの高さh、ボス部のみの高さhで、かつ、幅W、深さDの環状溝5cを備えるボス付外歯形部品5の中間体を、据込み成形方法により成形する。そして、続く後工程において、図2の下段に示す、成形品全体の高さH、外歯形部5aの高さh’、ボス部のみの高さh’で、かつ、幅W’、深さD’の環状溝5cを備えるボス付外歯形部品5を、据込み成形方法により成形するものである。
【0021】
具体的な金型構造および成形手順は、図3(a)〜(c)に示す通りである。まず、成形用金型4は、外歯形成形面8aを有するダイス8と、ダイス8の中心部に位置するマンドレル9とを有し、さらに、パンチ6でキャビティの上面を構成し、カウンタパンチ7によってキャビティの底面を構成している。カウンタパンチ7およびマンドレル9はその位置が固定されており、パンチ6およびダイス8がカウンタパンチ7およびマンドレル9に対し上下方向に移動可能となっている。マンドレル9の外周面には、必要に応じ、スプライン成形溝9aを設けることで、製品のボス内周面にスプラインを転写することができる。さらに、パンチ6の内周面6bとマンドレル9のスプライン成形溝9aとで、環状ブランク1内周部にボスを成形するための成形面を構成すると共に、内周面6bとスプライン成形溝9aとの隙間10を、環状ブランク1が変形して素材の流動が生じたときの素材の逃がし部として用いる。
【0022】
据込み成形を行う際には、まず、図3(a)に示すように、環状ブランク1を成形用金型4のキャビティ内にセットする。この時点で、環状ブランク1の外周面は、ダイス8の外歯形成形面8aの山頂部に当接し、環状ブランク1の内周面はマンドレル9のスプライン成形溝9aの山頂部に当接する。また、環状ブランク1の上面は先工程用パンチ601の環状の突起部6aに当接し、環状ブランク1の下面はカウンタパンチ7の環状の突起部7aに当接している。
【0023】
続いて、先工程用パンチ601を下降させ、成形用金型4のキャビティ内で環状ブランク1の上下面を圧縮する。そして、図3(b)に示すように、先工程用パンチ601及びカウンタパンチ7の環状の突起部6a、7aを環状ブランク1の上下面に食い込ませる。さらに先工程用パンチ601を下降させて、環状ブランクの上下面を圧縮して軸と直角方向へと変形させる。環状ブランク1の素材は、ダイス8の外歯形成形面8aに食い込み、外歯形の転写が進行していく。また、環状ブランク1の素材は、先工程用パンチ601の内周面6bとマンドレル9のスプライン成形溝9aとの隙間に流動し、ボス部5bの成形を進める。なお、先工程用パンチ601による成形完了時点では、ボス部5bについては製品として必要な形状を完成させることが可能であるが、ダイス8の歯形成形面8aへの素材充填は完了せず途中の状態となっている。よって、当該先工程で、成形用金型4が受ける加工面圧が大きく増加することはない。
【0024】
次に、一度型開きを行って製品をダイス8に残したまま先工程用パンチ601を後工程用パンチ602に交換し、再び型締めを行う。すると、図3(c)に示すように、環状溝5cに対し後工程用パンチ602の小さな環状の突起部6a’が、隙間Sをもって嵌り込むこととなる。この隙間Sは、素材の逃がし部として機能し、成形用金型4に加わる加工面圧の増加を防ぎつつ、ダイス8の外歯形成形面8aへの素材の充填を更に促進させることができる。しかも、後工程において素材の流動が進むと、隙間Sは徐々に埋りそれに伴って素材の流動抵抗が増加して行くので、素材の逃げが徐々に制限され、型締完了に近づくに従い、ダイス8の外歯形成形面8aへとより高い圧力で素材を充填させることが可能となる。よって、ダイス8の外歯形成形面8aに十分に素材が充填されて、外歯形部5aが高精度に転写され、かつ、パンチ6の内周面6bとマンドレル9のスプライン成形溝9aとの隙間にも素材が十分に充填され必要な高さのボス部5bを備えた、ボス付外歯形部品5を得ることができる。また、ボス付外歯形部品5は、上記加工工程中において、ダイス8から外れることがないので金型4への密着、転写状態が損なわれることがなく、高い精度を維持することが可能である。
なお、二台のプレスマシンの夫々に、先工程用パンチ601、後工程用パンチ602を夫々セットして、先工程と後工程とを別々のプレスマシンを用いて行うこととすれば、先工程から後工程に移行する時点におけるパンチ6の交換作業は不要となる。
また、カウンタパンチ7に形成した突起部7aも同様に交換することで、更なる効果が期待できる。
【0025】
上記構成をなす本発明の実施の形態によって得られる作用効果は、以下の通りである。まず、先工程用パンチ601には突起部6aを、カウンタパンチ7には突起部7aを設け、先工程用パンチ601の突起部6aとカウンタパンチ7の突起部7aとを環状ブランク1の上下面に食い込ませて環状溝5c、5dを形成し、環状溝5c、5dの成形によって生じる素材流動により、ダイス8の歯形成形面8aに対する素材充填を均一に制御することができる。よって、外歯形成形時に「タル状」に変形しながら成形が進行することを防ぐことができるので、外歯形の端部において素材の充填不良が生じることを防ぎ、高精度の歯形を成形することが可能となる。
また、環状の溝5c、5dが、環状ブランク1の歯形成形部分に必要な素材流動とボス成形部分に必要な素材流動を行うための分水嶺として機能し、先工程で必要高さのボス部5bを成形することができ、後工程で高精度の外歯形部5aを成形することが可能となる。
【0026】
また、先工程の初期段階では、先工程用パンチ601の環状の突起部6aと環状ブランク1との当接部分に荷重を集中させ、金型に加わる加工面圧の増加を防ぎつつ、素材流動を促進させることができる。その後、先工程用パンチ601を後工程用パンチ602に交換し、後工程用602パンチの成形面によって環状ブランクの上下面を圧縮する。
後工程用パンチ602の成形面は、先工程用パンチ601が備える環状の突起部6aに比して小さな環状の突起部6a’を備えるものであることから、先工程用パンチ601の環状の突起部6aによって環状ブランク1に成形した環状溝5cに対し、後工程用パンチ602の小さな環状の突起部6a’が、隙間Sをもって嵌り込むこととなる。隙間Sは素材の逃がし部として機能し、成形用金型4に加わる加工面圧の増加を防ぎつつ、ダイス8の外歯形成形面8aへの素材の充填を更に促進させることができる。しかも、後工程において素材の流動が進むと、隙間Sは徐々に埋りそれに伴って素材の流動抵抗が増加して行くので、素材の逃げが制限され、型締完了に近づくに従い、ダイス8の外歯形成形面8aへとより高い圧力で素材を充填させることが可能となる。かかる作用を得るために、環状溝5cを最後まで消滅させることなく、先工程で成形された環状の溝よりも小さな溝として残すこととする。
【0027】
また、本発明の実施の形態では、パンチ6の内周面6bとマンドレル9のスプライン成形溝9aとの間に隙間10を設け、隙間10を、環状ブランク1が変形して素材の流動が生じたときの素材の逃がし部として用いている。よって、先工程で型締完了状態となっても、隙間10によりキャビティは密閉状態とはならず、加工面圧比kを低減することができる。
【0028】
図4には、先工程P及び後工程Pにおける加工面圧(MPa)と外歯形充填率(%)との関係を示している。また、比較のために、従来の金型を用いて据込み成形方法により外歯形部品を成形した場合を曲線Lで示している。なお、ここで示す加工面圧と外歯形充填率との関係は、一般的な歯車用鋼(JIS SCR系、例えばSCR420。)を用いた結果である。図示の如く、本発明の実施の形態によれば、先工程Pで、従来の二倍近い80%の充填率を達成し、さらに、後工程Pではほぼ100%の充填率を、金型が破損する加工面圧に至る前(図9参照)に得ることが可能となる。
【0029】
さらに、本発明の実施の形態では、環状の溝5c、5dが製品の機能を損なうものでない限り、この環状の溝5c、5dを、ボス付外歯形部品5の製品形状として残しておくことで、製品の軽量化に寄与することができる。
【0030】
なお、環状の突起部6a、6a’、7aは、パンチ6及びカウンタパンチ7と一体に形成されたものでも良く、別部品として設けるものであっても良い。そして、一体形成した場合には、パンチ6及びカウンタパンチ7の強度を高めることが容易となり、別部品とした場合には、環状の突起部6a、7aの形状変更が容易となるといった利点を有する。また、本発明の実施の形態では、環状の突起部6a、7aを、パンチ6及びカウンタパンチ7の双方に設けたが、必要に応じてパンチ6にのみ設けることとしても良い。また、先工程用パンチ6の環状の突起部6aに対し、後工程用パンチ6a’の幅を同じくして高さのみ小さなものとしても良く、幅を小さくして高さを同じものとしても良い。また、幅と高さを同時に小さくしてもよい。
【0031】
図5には、図1に示す成形用金型4の応用例として、中心部分にボスを持たない外歯形部品11を成形するための、成形用金型12を示している。なお、成形用金型4と同一部分若しくは相当する部分については同一符号で示している。成形用金型12においても、先工程用パンチ601の環状の突起部6aに対し、後工程用パンチ602の環状の突起部6a’は、内周径が大きく外周径が小さなものとして形成されている。したがって、先工程用パンチ601の突起部6aによって成形された環状溝11cに、後工程用パンチ602の環状の突起部6a’が嵌り込むと、隙間Sは環状溝の半径方向外側及び内側の双方に形成されることとなる。そして、後工程において、成形用金型4と同様の作用効果を得て、製品の外歯形部11aを高精度に成形することが可能となる。
【0032】
また、先工程用パンチと後工程用パンチを1つのパンチで賄うことができるように、図6に示す金型構造を採用することも可能である。すなわち、パンチ6の環状の突起部をその半径方向内側6aと、半径方向外側6aとに分割し、分割した内側6aと外側6aの高さを別々に変更するように制御可能とすることで、1サイクルでの成形が可能となり、金型交換または切り替え時間の短縮が可能となる。かかる場合には、先工程用パンチと後工程用パンチとを別個に備える必要が無く1つのパンチ6に統合されるので、金型の在庫量を減少させることが可能となる。さらに、カウンタパンチ7を、先工程用パンチと後工程用パンチとを交換可能に備えるものとしても良い。
【0033】
図7には、一例として、従来方法(突起なし)と、図1に示すような先工程用パンチおよび後工程用パンチを用いる場合(本発明1〜15)との結果を比較した図表を示している。この比較例は、モジュール1.75、歯数30、ピッチ円65mmの歯車を試作した場合を示したものであるが、先工程にて環状溝を成形し、後工程で環状溝の一部を隙間Sとして素材の逃がし部に活用することで、成形面圧(加工面圧)を低減し、歯先充填度が高く、歯車精度の良い歯車をえることが確認される。なお、図表中、溝部面積率の値は(溝面積)/(外歯ピッチ円面積)×100で求められ、溝深さ率の値は(溝突起長さ)/(歯車製品歯幅)×100で求められるものである。また、成形後の歯車の精度は歯車精度8級基準(JISB 1702−1)を基準としたものである。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明はこのように構成したので、据込み成形方法によって、様々な形状の外歯形部品を精密に成形することが可能となる。そして、高精度かつ低価格の外歯形部品を提供することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態に係る成形用金型の要部と、成形用金型によって成形された成形品とを示す模式図である。
【図2】図の上段は本発明の実施の形態に用いられる環状ブランクの一部断面図を、図の中段は、本発明の実施の形態の先工程により得られるボス付外歯形部品の一部断面図を、図の下段は本発明の実施の形態の後工程により得られるボス付外歯形部品の一部断面図を示すものである。
【図3】本発明の実施の形態に係る成形用金型の具体的な金型構造および成形手順を示す概略図である。
【図4】本発明の実施の形態に係る成形方法の、先工程及び後工程における加工面圧と外歯形充填率との関係を示す図である。
【図5】本発明の実施の形態に係る成形用金型の応用例の要部と、当該成形用金型によって成形された成形品とを示す模式図である。
【図6】本発明の実施の形態に係る成形用金型の更なる応用例の要部と、当該成形用金型によって成形された成形品とを示す模式図である。
【図7】本発明の実施の形態に係る方法とで得られる製品を、従来方法による製品と比較した図表である。
【図8】従来の据込み成形方法によって環状ブランクから平歯車等の外歯形部品を成形する場合の問題点を示す説明図である。
【図9】加工面圧と外歯形充填率との関係を示すグラフである。
【図10】従来の据込み成形方法によって環状ブランクからボス付外歯形部品を成形する場合の問題点を示す説明図である。
【図11】ボス高さ率とボス面積率との関係を示すグラフである。
【符号の説明】
1 環状ブランク
4、11 成形用金型
5 成形品
5a 外歯形部
5b ボス部
5c、5d 環状溝
6 パンチ
601 先工程用パンチ
602 後工程用パンチ
6a、6a’、7a 突起部
6b、7b 内周面
7 カウンタパンチ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a technique for manufacturing an externally shaped part by an upsetting method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, an upsetting method has been used as one of the methods for manufacturing an external gear part such as a spur gear. The upsetting method is a processing method in which the upper and lower surfaces of the blank are compressed with a tool to reduce the height, and the material is expanded in a direction perpendicular to the axis. When molding an externally toothed part, it has a die having an externally toothed surface, a mandrel located at the center of the die, a punch that forms the upper surface of the cavity, and a counter punch that forms the bottom surface of the cavity. A technique is adopted in which the outer shape of the die is transferred to the annular blank by compressing the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank within the cavity using a mold. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 63-108940 A (2nd item, FIG. 1)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when forming an external gear part such as a spur gear from the annular blank 1 by the conventional upsetting method, only the left side of the center line is shown in FIG. 1 to 3 and 5 are also the same.) Since the frictional resistance μF of the molding surface 2a of the punch 2 shown in FIG. The material flow in the portion in contact with the punch is hindered, and the outer peripheral portion 1a of the annular blank is deformed into a “tal shape” with the central portion in the height direction protruding outward, and the molding proceeds. As a result, poor filling of the material occurs, particularly at the end of the external tooth profile.
In general, when the material is sealed inside the mold and filled into the external tooth profile, as shown in FIG. 9, the relationship between the increase in the processing surface pressure and the increase in the external tooth profile filling rate. Becomes dull as the external tooth filling rate approaches 100%. That is, the processing surface pressure increases abruptly in the vicinity of complete filling, and the mold is broken before full filling (enters the shaded area in FIG. 9).
[0005]
Further, when forming an external toothed part with a boss from the annular blank 1 by a conventional upsetting method, the friction resistance μF of the lower end surface 3a and the inner peripheral surface 3b of the punch 3 shown in FIG. As a result, it has been difficult to cause the boss 1b to have a necessary height. Furthermore, the boss height ratio (as illustrated in FIG. 1 The height of the boss only with respect to h b Ratio. ) And boss area ratio A b / A 0 (The total projected area A when the externally toothed part with boss is viewed in plan 0 And projected area A of the boss only b And the ratio. )), There is a relationship as shown in FIG. b / A 0 When the product shape is small, the machining surface pressure ratio k (ratio between the machining surface pressure and the deformation resistance of the material) also increases, and there is a problem that the mold breakage region T is easily entered. For this reason, when forming an external tooth profile with a boss by a conventional upsetting method, there has been a problem that the degree of freedom of the product shape is limited in order to prevent damage to the mold.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to precisely form externally shaped parts having various shapes by an upsetting method. Another object of the present invention is to provide a high-precision and low-cost external tooth profile component with a boss.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a molding die for an externally toothed component according to claim 1 of the present invention comprises a die having an externally toothed shaped surface, a mandrel positioned at the center of the die, and an upper surface of the cavity. A gold which has a punch to constitute and a counter punch to constitute the bottom surface of the cavity, and compresses the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank in the cavity so as to be deformed in a direction perpendicular to the axis, thereby forming an external tooth shape on the outer periphery of the annular blank. At least one of the punch or the counter punch is provided with a pre-process punch and a post-process punch that can be exchanged, and the pre-process punch has a molding surface provided with an annular protrusion. The post-process punch has an annular groove formed in an annular die by an annular protrusion of the pre-process punch as a molding surface having a shape that can be used as a material relief part. It is characterized in that it has a molding surface provided with a protruding portion of the small annular than the projection of the annular provided in the punch extent.
[0008]
According to the present invention, when the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank are compressed, the annular projections provided on the molding surface of the previous process punch are positioned between the tooth forming portion and the boss forming portion of the annular blank. The annular groove to be formed is formed on at least one of the upper and lower surfaces, and the material filling to the tooth forming surface of the die is uniformly controlled by the material flow generated by the formation of the groove. Further, in the initial stage of the preceding process, it is possible to concentrate the load on the contact portion between the annular protrusion and the annular blank, and promote the material flow while preventing an increase in processing surface pressure applied to the mold. it can.
Thereafter, the pre-process punch is replaced with the post-process punch, and when the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank are compressed by the molding surface of the post-process punch, an annular protrusion is formed on the annular blank of the pre-process punch. Since the annular groove to be used is used as a material escape portion, the filling of the external teeth forming surface of the die is further promoted while preventing an increase in processing surface pressure applied to the molding die. Can do.
[0009]
In addition, the small annular protrusions of the post-process punch are fitted with a gap into the annular groove formed in the annular blank by the annular protrusion provided on the molding surface of the preceding process punch. The gap functions as a material escape portion, and can further promote the filling of the material into the external tooth forming surface of the die while preventing an increase in the processing surface pressure applied to the molding die. In addition, as the flow of the material progresses in the subsequent process, the gap gradually fills, and the flow resistance of the material increases accordingly. It is possible to fill the outer tooth forming surface of the material with a higher pressure.
[0010]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a molding die for an external tooth part according to the first aspect, wherein the outer surface of the mandrel is at least one of the punch or the mandrel. The inner peripheral surface constitutes a molding surface for molding a boss on the inner peripheral portion of the annular blank.
According to the present invention, the annular groove formed by the annular protrusion provided on the molding surface of the previous process punch forms the boss on the outer tooth forming surface of the die and the inner peripheral portion of the annular blank. It functions as a water fountain for performing the necessary material flow on the molding surface, and sufficient material flow can be performed to both the external tooth portion and the boss portion.
[0011]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for forming an externally toothed component comprising compressing the upper and lower surfaces of an annular blank in a die having a tooth forming surface to deform it in a direction perpendicular to the axis. , A method of forming an external tooth shape on the outer peripheral portion of the annular blank, filling the tooth forming shape surface of the die halfway, and forming the tooth shape of the annular blank on at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank A step of forming an annular groove located between the molding part and the center part, and using the annular groove as an escape part for the flowing material, and without eliminating the annular groove, And a post-process for completing the filling of the material on the tooth forming surface.
[0012]
According to the present invention, when compressing the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank in the previous step, the filling of the material to the tooth forming surface of the die is uniformly performed according to the shape of the annular groove formed on at least one of the upper and lower surfaces. It becomes possible to control to. In addition, in the said prior | preceding process, since the raw material filling to the tooth formation form surface of the said die is performed to the middle, the processing surface pressure added to a metal mold | die does not increase large.
In the subsequent post-process, the annular groove formed in the preceding process is used as a material escape portion, and without filling the annular groove, the filling of the material into the tooth-forming surface of the die is completed. It is possible to further promote the filling of the material into the external tooth forming surface of the die while preventing an increase in processing surface pressure applied to the molding die including the die.
[0013]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for molding an externally toothed component according to the third aspect of the present invention, wherein the material in the relief part of the material is moved from the initial stage to the final stage of the post-process. It is characterized by gradually increasing the flow resistance. According to the present invention, in the initial stage of the post-process, the filling of the material into the external tooth forming surface of the die can be further promoted while preventing an increase in the processing surface pressure applied to the molding die. As the flow of the material proceeds, the annular groove gradually fills and the flow resistance of the material increases accordingly, so that the escape of the material is limited, and as the mold clamping is completed, the external teeth forming shape of the die The surface can be filled with a higher pressure. In addition, in order to ensure the function as the escape part of the said raw material, the said annular groove shall remain without being completely filled until the completion of shaping | molding of an external tooth profile.
[0014]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for forming an externally toothed component, wherein the externally toothed component according to claim 3 or 4 is formed by forming the boss on the inner peripheral portion of the annular blank in the previous step. .
According to the present invention, the annular groove formed in the previous step functions as a water divide for performing the material flow necessary for the tooth forming part and the boss forming part of the annular blank, and the outer tooth part and the boss part Sufficient material flow to both sides is possible.
[0015]
Moreover, the molded product which concerns on Claim 6 of this invention for solving the said subject is shape | molded by the method of any one of Claim 3-5, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a molded product in which the outer tooth shape of the outer peripheral portion of the annular blank is formed with high accuracy.
[0016]
A molded product according to claim 7 of the present invention is the molded product according to claim 6, and includes an annular groove positioned between the tooth forming portion and the boss molded portion of the annular blank as a product shape. is there.
According to the present invention, as long as the annular groove does not impair the function of the product, it plays a role as a groove contributing to weight reduction of the product.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the same or corresponding parts as those of the prior art are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
[0018]
FIG. 1 schematically shows a main part of a molding die 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention and a molded product 5 molded by the molding die 4. The molding die 4 has annular projections 6 a and 7 a on the molding surfaces of both the punch 6 and the counter punch 7. Further, the punch 6 includes a pre-process punch 601 shown on the left side of FIG. 1 and a post-process punch 602 shown on the right side of FIG. The difference between the two is that the annular protrusion 6a ′ of the post-process punch 602 has a smaller width and height than the annular protrusion 6a of the pre-process punch 601. .
More specifically, each of the annular protrusions 6a, 6a ′, 7a forms the annular groove 5c, 5d between the outer toothed portion 5a and the boss portion 5b of the molded product 5, and the mold 4 Are provided so as to protrude in the opening and closing direction, and are provided at positions that are continuous with the inner peripheral surfaces 6b and 7b of the punch 6 and the counter punch 7 which are the molding surfaces of the boss portion 5b. Therefore, the annular protrusion 6a ′ of the post-process punch 602 is formed so as to have the same inner diameter but a smaller outer diameter compared to the annular protrusion 6a of the pre-process punch 601. Therefore, when the annular protrusion 6a ′ of the post-process punch 602 is fitted into the annular groove 5c formed by the protrusion 6a of the pre-process punch 601, the position close to the radially outer side of the annular groove 5c is A gap S is formed.
[0019]
The positions of the annular protrusions 6a and 7a are arranged at appropriate positions according to the desired material flow distribution to the external tooth profile 5a and the boss 5b of the product. Further, in FIG. 1, the annular protrusion 6 a of the punch 601 for the previous process is illustrated as having a shape that is wider and lower than the annular protrusion 7 a of the punch 7, but the shape of the protrusions 6 a and 7 a is illustrated. Is not limited to this relationship. If necessary, the protrusions 6a and 7a have the same width and height, or the annular protrusion 7a of the punch 7 is replaced with the annular protrusion 6a of the punch 6. In some cases, the shape is wider and lower than that.
[0020]
Here, the procedure for forming the external tooth profile with boss according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the embodiment of the present invention, the height H shown in the upper part of FIG. 0 From the annular blank 1, the height H of the entire molded product shown in the middle of FIG. 1 The height h of the external tooth profile 5a g , Height of boss only b In addition, the intermediate body of the external boss-equipped part 5 having the annular groove 5c having the width W and the depth D is formed by the upsetting method. In the subsequent post-process, the height H of the entire molded product shown in the lower part of FIG. 1 The height h of the external tooth profile 5a g ', Height of boss only b A boss-equipped external tooth part 5 having an annular groove 5c having a width W 'and a depth D' is formed by an upsetting method.
[0021]
The specific mold structure and molding procedure are as shown in FIGS. First, the molding die 4 has a die 8 having an external tooth-forming surface 8a and a mandrel 9 positioned at the center of the die 8, and the punch 6 constitutes the upper surface of the cavity, and the counter punch 7 Constitutes the bottom surface of the cavity. The positions of the counter punch 7 and the mandrel 9 are fixed, and the punch 6 and the die 8 can move in the vertical direction with respect to the counter punch 7 and the mandrel 9. If necessary, the spline can be transferred to the inner peripheral surface of the boss of the product by providing the spline forming groove 9a on the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel 9. Further, the inner peripheral surface 6b of the punch 6 and the spline forming groove 9a of the mandrel 9 constitute a forming surface for forming a boss on the inner peripheral portion of the annular blank 1, and the inner peripheral surface 6b and the spline forming groove 9a. The gap 10 is used as a material escape portion when the annular blank 1 is deformed and the material flows.
[0022]
When performing upsetting, first, the annular blank 1 is set in the cavity of the molding die 4 as shown in FIG. At this time, the outer peripheral surface of the annular blank 1 abuts on the crest of the external tooth forming surface 8 a of the die 8, and the inner peripheral surface of the annular blank 1 abuts on the crest of the spline forming groove 9 a of the mandrel 9. The upper surface of the annular blank 1 is in contact with the annular protrusion 6 a of the pre-process punch 601, and the lower surface of the annular blank 1 is in contact with the annular protrusion 7 a of the counter punch 7.
[0023]
Subsequently, the pre-process punch 601 is lowered, and the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank 1 are compressed in the cavity of the molding die 4. Then, as shown in FIG. 3 (b), the annular protrusions 6 a and 7 a of the pre-process punch 601 and the counter punch 7 are bitten into the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank 1. Further, the pre-process punch 601 is lowered, and the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank are compressed and deformed in a direction perpendicular to the axis. The material of the annular blank 1 bites into the external tooth forming surface 8a of the die 8, and the transfer of the external tooth shape proceeds. In addition, the material of the annular blank 1 flows into the gap between the inner peripheral surface 6b of the punch 601 for the previous process and the spline forming groove 9a of the mandrel 9, and advances the forming of the boss portion 5b. In addition, at the time of completion of molding by the punch 601 for the previous process, it is possible to complete the shape necessary as a product for the boss portion 5b, but the material filling to the tooth forming surface 8a of the die 8 is not completed and is in the middle. It is in a state. Therefore, the processing surface pressure received by the molding die 4 is not greatly increased in the preceding process.
[0024]
Next, once the mold is opened and the product remains on the die 8, the pre-process punch 601 is replaced with the post-process punch 602, and the mold is clamped again. Then, as shown in FIG. 3C, the small annular protrusion 6a ′ of the post-process punch 602 fits into the annular groove 5c with a gap S therebetween. The gap S functions as a material escape portion and can further promote the filling of the material into the external tooth forming surface 8a of the die 8 while preventing an increase in the processing surface pressure applied to the molding die 4. In addition, as the material flow proceeds in the subsequent process, the gap S gradually fills, and the flow resistance of the material increases accordingly. Therefore, the escape of the material is gradually restricted, and as the mold clamping is completed, the die Thus, it becomes possible to fill the outer teeth forming surface 8a with the higher pressure. Therefore, the outer tooth forming surface 8a of the die 8 is sufficiently filled with the material, the outer tooth portion 5a is transferred with high accuracy, and the gap between the inner peripheral surface 6b of the punch 6 and the spline forming groove 9a of the mandrel 9 is obtained. In addition, it is possible to obtain a boss-equipped external tooth component 5 that is sufficiently filled with a material and includes a boss portion 5b having a necessary height. Further, since the external tooth profile component 5 with the boss does not come off from the die 8 during the above-described processing step, the close contact with the mold 4 and the transfer state are not impaired, and high accuracy can be maintained. .
If the pre-process punch 601 and the post-process punch 602 are set in the two press machines, respectively, and the pre-process and the post-process are performed using separate press machines, the pre-process Therefore, it is not necessary to replace the punch 6 at the time of shifting from the process to the subsequent process.
Further, by replacing the projection 7a formed on the counter punch 7 in the same manner, further effects can be expected.
[0025]
The effects obtained by the embodiment of the present invention having the above-described configuration are as follows. First, the first process punch 601 is provided with a projection 6a, and the counter punch 7 is provided with a projection 7a. The projection 6a of the first process punch 601 and the projection 7a of the counter punch 7 are connected to the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank 1. The annular grooves 5c and 5d are formed by biting into the grooves, and the material filling to the tooth forming surface 8a of the die 8 can be uniformly controlled by the material flow generated by forming the annular grooves 5c and 5d. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the molding from progressing while deforming into a “tal shape” during the external tooth forming shape, so that it is possible to prevent a material filling failure from occurring at the end of the external tooth shape and to form a highly accurate tooth shape. Is possible.
Further, the annular grooves 5c and 5d function as a water divide for performing the material flow necessary for the tooth forming portion of the annular blank 1 and the material flow necessary for the boss forming portion, and the boss portion 5b having a necessary height in the previous process. Thus, it is possible to form the external tooth profile 5a with high accuracy in a subsequent process.
[0026]
Further, in the initial stage of the previous process, the load is concentrated on the contact portion between the annular protrusion 6a of the previous process punch 601 and the annular blank 1, and the material flow is prevented while increasing the processing surface pressure applied to the mold. Can be promoted. Thereafter, the pre-process punch 601 is replaced with a post-process punch 602, and the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank are compressed by the molding surface of the post-process 602 punch.
Since the forming surface of the post-process punch 602 is provided with an annular protrusion 6a ′ that is smaller than the annular protrusion 6a included in the pre-process punch 601, the annular protrusion of the pre-process punch 601 is provided. The small annular protrusion 6a ′ of the post-process punch 602 is fitted with a gap S into the annular groove 5c formed in the annular blank 1 by the portion 6a. The gap S functions as a material escape portion and can further promote the filling of the material into the external tooth forming surface 8a of the die 8 while preventing an increase in the processing surface pressure applied to the molding die 4. In addition, as the material flow proceeds in the subsequent process, the gap S gradually fills and the flow resistance of the material increases accordingly. Therefore, the escape of the material is limited, and as the die clamping is completed, It becomes possible to fill the external tooth forming surface 8a with a higher pressure. In order to obtain such an effect, the annular groove 5c is left as a smaller groove than the annular groove formed in the previous step without being extinguished.
[0027]
In the embodiment of the present invention, a gap 10 is provided between the inner peripheral surface 6b of the punch 6 and the spline forming groove 9a of the mandrel 9, and the annular blank 1 is deformed to cause the material to flow. It is used as a material escape part when Therefore, even if the mold clamping is completed in the previous process, the cavity is not hermetically sealed by the gap 10, and the processing surface pressure ratio k can be reduced.
[0028]
In FIG. 1 And post process P 2 2 shows the relationship between the processing surface pressure (MPa) and the external tooth filling factor (%). For comparison, a curve L indicates a case where an externally toothed part is formed by a upsetting method using a conventional mold. The relationship between the processing surface pressure and the external tooth filling rate shown here is the result of using a general gear steel (JIS SCR system, for example, SCR420). As shown, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the previous process P 1 In this case, the filling rate of 80%, which is nearly twice as high as that of the conventional method, is achieved. 2 Then, it becomes possible to obtain a filling rate of almost 100% before reaching the processing surface pressure at which the mold is damaged (see FIG. 9).
[0029]
Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, unless the annular grooves 5c and 5d impair the function of the product, the annular grooves 5c and 5d are left as the product shape of the external tooth profile part 5 with the boss. This can contribute to weight reduction of the product.
[0030]
The annular protrusions 6a, 6a ′, 7a may be formed integrally with the punch 6 and the counter punch 7, or may be provided as separate parts. And when it forms integrally, it becomes easy to raise the intensity | strength of the punch 6 and the counter punch 7, and when it is set as another component, it has the advantage that the shape change of the cyclic | annular protrusion parts 6a and 7a becomes easy. . Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the annular protrusions 6a and 7a are provided on both the punch 6 and the counter punch 7, but may be provided only on the punch 6 as necessary. In addition, the post-process punch 6a ′ may have the same width as the annular protrusion 6a of the pre-process punch 6 so that only the height is small, or the width may be small and the height may be the same. . Moreover, you may make width and height small simultaneously.
[0031]
FIG. 5 shows a molding die 12 as an application example of the molding die 4 shown in FIG. 1 for molding an externally toothed component 11 having no boss at the center portion. The same or corresponding parts as those of the molding die 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals. Also in the molding die 12, the annular protrusion 6 a ′ of the post-process punch 602 is formed with a large inner peripheral diameter and a smaller outer peripheral diameter with respect to the annular protrusion 6 a of the pre-process punch 601. Yes. Therefore, when the annular protrusion 11a ′ of the post-process punch 602 is fitted into the annular groove 11c formed by the protrusion 6a of the pre-process punch 601, the gap S is formed on both the radially outer side and the inner side of the annular groove. Will be formed. In the subsequent process, the same effect as that of the molding die 4 can be obtained, and the outer toothed portion 11a of the product can be molded with high accuracy.
[0032]
Moreover, it is also possible to employ the mold structure shown in FIG. 6 so that the punch for the pre-process and the punch for the post-process can be covered with one punch. That is, the annular projecting portion of the punch 6 is arranged on the radially inner side 6a. 1 And radially outward 6a 2 And divided into the inner side 6a 1 And outside 6a 2 By making it possible to control the height of the steel sheet to be changed separately, it is possible to perform molding in one cycle, and it is possible to change the mold or shorten the switching time. In such a case, it is not necessary to separately provide a pre-process punch and a post-process punch, and the punches are integrated into one punch 6, so that the stock amount of the mold can be reduced. Further, the counter punch 7 may be provided so that the punch for the pre-process and the punch for the post-process can be exchanged.
[0033]
FIG. 7 shows, as an example, a chart comparing the results of the conventional method (without protrusions) and the case of using the pre-process punch and post-process punch as shown in FIG. 1 (present inventions 1 to 15). ing. This comparative example shows a case where a gear having a module of 1.75, the number of teeth of 30, and a pitch circle of 65 mm was made as a prototype. It is confirmed that by utilizing the clearance S as a material escape portion, it is possible to reduce the molding surface pressure (working surface pressure), obtain a gear with high tooth tip filling, and good gear accuracy. In the chart, the value of the groove area ratio is obtained by (groove area) / (external tooth pitch circle area) × 100, and the value of the groove depth ratio is (groove protrusion length) / (gear product tooth width) × 100 is required. The accuracy of the gear after molding is based on a gear accuracy class 8 standard (JISB 1702-1).
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
Since this invention was comprised in this way, it becomes possible to shape | mold the external-tooth-shaped components of various shapes precisely by the upsetting method. And it becomes possible to provide a highly accurate and low-cost external-tooth shaped part.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a molding die according to an embodiment of the present invention and a molded product molded by the molding die.
2 is a partial cross-sectional view of an annular blank used in the embodiment of the present invention, and the middle stage of FIG. 2 is an external tooth profile component with a boss obtained by the previous process of the embodiment of the present invention. The lower part of the drawing shows a partial cross-sectional view, and the lower part of the drawing shows a partial cross-sectional view of the externally toothed part with boss obtained by the subsequent process of the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a specific mold structure and molding procedure of the molding die according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a relationship between a processing surface pressure and an external tooth profile filling rate in a previous process and a subsequent process of the molding method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of an application example of a molding die according to an embodiment of the present invention and a molded product molded by the molding die.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a main part of a further application example of the molding die according to the embodiment of the present invention and a molded product molded by the molding die.
FIG. 7 is a chart comparing products obtained by the method according to the embodiment of the present invention with products obtained by a conventional method.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a problem in the case of forming an external gear part such as a spur gear from an annular blank by a conventional upsetting method.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the machining surface pressure and the external tooth filling rate.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing a problem in the case of forming an external tooth profile with a boss from an annular blank by a conventional upsetting method.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing a relationship between a boss height ratio and a boss area ratio.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 annular blank
4,11 Mold for molding
5 Molded products
5a External tooth profile
5b Boss
5c, 5d annular groove
6 Punch
601 Punch for previous process
602 Punch for post process
6a, 6a ', 7a Projection
6b, 7b Inner peripheral surface
7 Counter punch

Claims (7)

外歯形成形面を有するダイスと、該ダイスの中心部に位置するマンドレルと、キャビティの上面を構成するパンチと、キャビティの底面を構成するカウンタパンチとを有し、キャビティ内で環状ブランクの上下面を圧縮して軸と直角方向へと変形させ、環状ブランク外周部に外歯形を成形する金型であって、
前記パンチまたは前記カウンタパンチの少なくとも一方は、先工程用パンチと後工程用パンチとを交換可能に備え、
前記先工程用パンチは、環状の突起部が設けられた成形面を有し、
前記後工程用パンチは、前記先工程用パンチの環状の突起部により環状ダイスに形成される環状溝を、素材の逃がし部に用いることが可能な形状の成形面として、前記先工程用パンチが備える環状の突起部に比して小さな環状の突起部を備える成形面を有することを特徴とする外歯形部品の成形用金型。
A die having an external tooth forming surface, a mandrel positioned at the center of the die, a punch constituting the upper surface of the cavity, and a counter punch constituting the bottom surface of the cavity, and the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank in the cavity Is a mold that compresses and deforms in a direction perpendicular to the axis, and forms an external tooth shape on the outer periphery of the annular blank,
At least one of the punch or the counter punch includes a pre-process punch and a post-process punch that can be exchanged,
The pre-process punch has a molding surface provided with an annular protrusion,
The post-process punch has an annular groove formed in an annular die by an annular protrusion of the pre-process punch as a molding surface that can be used as a material relief part. A molding die for externally toothed parts having a molding surface having an annular projection smaller than the annular projection provided.
前記マンドレルの外周面と、前記パンチまたは前記マンドレルの少なくとも一方の内周面とで、環状ブランク内周部にボスを成形するための成形面を構成することを特徴とする請求項1記載の外歯形部品の成形用金型。2. The outer surface according to claim 1, wherein an outer peripheral surface of the mandrel and an inner peripheral surface of at least one of the punch or the mandrel constitute a forming surface for forming a boss on the inner peripheral portion of the annular blank. Mold for forming tooth profile parts. 歯形成形面を有するダイス内で、環状ブランクの上下面を圧縮して軸と直角方向へと変形させ、環状ブランク外周部に外歯形を成形する方法であって、
前記ダイスの歯形成形面への素材充填をその途中まで行い、かつ、前記環状ブランクの上下面の少なくとも一方に、前記環状ブランクの歯形成形部分と中心部分との間に位置する環状の溝を成形する先工程と、
前記環状の溝を流動する素材の逃がし部として用い、かつ、前記環状の溝を消滅させることなく、前記ダイスの歯形成形面への素材充填を完了する後工程とを含むことを特徴とする外歯形部品の成形方法。
In a die having a tooth forming surface, the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank are compressed and deformed in a direction perpendicular to the axis, and an external tooth shape is formed on the outer periphery of the annular blank,
Filling the tooth-forming surface of the die halfway and forming an annular groove located between the tooth-forming portion and the central portion of the annular blank on at least one of the upper and lower surfaces of the annular blank. A pre-process to perform,
And a post-process for using the annular groove as an escape part for the flowing material and completing the filling of the material into the tooth forming surface of the die without annihilating the annular groove. Molding method for tooth profile parts.
前記後工程の初期段階から最終段階に向けて、前記素材の逃がし部における素材の流動抵抗を徐々に高めることを特徴とする請求項3記載の外歯形部品の成形方法。4. The method for forming an externally toothed component according to claim 3, wherein the flow resistance of the material in the relief portion of the material is gradually increased from the initial stage to the final stage of the post-process. 前記先工程において環状ブランク内周部にボスを成形することを特徴とする請求項3または4記載の外歯形部品の成形方法。The method for forming an externally toothed component according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a boss is formed on the inner periphery of the annular blank in the preceding step. 請求項3から5のいずれか1項記載の方法によって成形されることを特徴とする成形品。A molded article formed by the method according to any one of claims 3 to 5. 前記環状ブランクの歯形成形部分とボス成形部分との間に位置する環状の溝を製品形状として備えることを特徴とする請求項6記載の成形品。The molded product according to claim 6, wherein an annular groove located between a tooth forming portion and a boss forming portion of the annular blank is provided as a product shape.
JP2002321188A 2002-11-05 2002-11-05 Mold for molding external tooth parts and molding method Expired - Fee Related JP4053405B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002321188A JP4053405B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2002-11-05 Mold for molding external tooth parts and molding method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002321188A JP4053405B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2002-11-05 Mold for molding external tooth parts and molding method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004154795A true JP2004154795A (en) 2004-06-03
JP4053405B2 JP4053405B2 (en) 2008-02-27

Family

ID=32801820

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2002321188A Expired - Fee Related JP4053405B2 (en) 2002-11-05 2002-11-05 Mold for molding external tooth parts and molding method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP4053405B2 (en)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008000790A (en) * 2006-06-22 2008-01-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Die for forging and method for manufacturing product having stage part using its die
JP2008506903A (en) * 2004-07-13 2008-03-06 ナショナル マシーナリー エル・エル・シー Cold forming metal bearing roller, its cold forming method, and forming set for cold forming machine
JP2011224609A (en) * 2010-04-19 2011-11-10 Alps Electric Co Ltd Gear member, method of and device for forming tooth shape thereof
JP2012206128A (en) * 2011-03-29 2012-10-25 Aisin Aw Co Ltd Gear forming device and method
JP2013237056A (en) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-28 Toyota Jidosha Hokkaido Kk Gear forming method

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008506903A (en) * 2004-07-13 2008-03-06 ナショナル マシーナリー エル・エル・シー Cold forming metal bearing roller, its cold forming method, and forming set for cold forming machine
JP4942650B2 (en) * 2004-07-13 2012-05-30 ナショナル マシーナリー エル・エル・シー Molding set for cold forming machine
JP2008000790A (en) * 2006-06-22 2008-01-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Die for forging and method for manufacturing product having stage part using its die
JP2011224609A (en) * 2010-04-19 2011-11-10 Alps Electric Co Ltd Gear member, method of and device for forming tooth shape thereof
JP2012206128A (en) * 2011-03-29 2012-10-25 Aisin Aw Co Ltd Gear forming device and method
JP2013237056A (en) * 2012-05-11 2013-11-28 Toyota Jidosha Hokkaido Kk Gear forming method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4053405B2 (en) 2008-02-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5353065B2 (en) Press-molded product, press-molded product manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus
JPH035251B2 (en)
JP4053405B2 (en) Mold for molding external tooth parts and molding method
CN111842524B (en) Extrusion forming die and method for parts with grooves
JP2003103328A (en) Forming method for product provided with flange
JP2005118789A (en) Method for forming gear-shaped member with boss and this member
JP3269726B2 (en) Precision cold forging equipment for gear parts
JP2819930B2 (en) Forming method for internal teeth
JP2008246569A (en) Method for manufacturing die for forging
JP3931970B2 (en) Manufacturing method of toothed product
JPH10296382A (en) Upsetting method
JP4900713B2 (en) Spur gear manufacturing method by cold forging
JP2004154794A (en) Forming die, forming method, and formed product for external tooth profile component with boss
JP4856889B2 (en) Cold forging method
JP2005118848A (en) Forging apparatus and forging method
CN108145054A (en) A kind of external screw thread double bond slot forging piece molding die and moulding process
JPH0759341B2 (en) Manufacturing method of integrated synchro clutch gear for synchro mechanism of transmission
JP4445032B1 (en) Method and apparatus for manufacturing crowned gears
CN112916789B (en) Clean forming process method of internal tooth profile
JPS5893537A (en) Manufacture of variable rack for steering device
JPH09239480A (en) Forging die
JP2851591B2 (en) Forging tool set for gear manufacturing
JPH1058083A (en) Press formation of gear and die set for press formation
JP2000042673A (en) Manufacture of roll forming gear
JP2001300681A (en) Manufacturing method of transmission gear

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20050715

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20070622

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20070627

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20070823

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20070919

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20071017

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20071128

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20071205

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101214

Year of fee payment: 3

R151 Written notification of patent or utility model registration

Ref document number: 4053405

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R151

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101214

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101214

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111214

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20111214

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121214

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121214

Year of fee payment: 5

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313115

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20121214

Year of fee payment: 5

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131214

Year of fee payment: 6

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313117

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20131214

Year of fee payment: 6

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

S533 Written request for registration of change of name

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313533

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees