JP2004150139A

JP2004150139A - Plantable inclined roof

Info

Publication number: JP2004150139A
Application number: JP2002316955A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Koji Yamada; 浩嗣山田; Hirotaka Sato; 裕隆佐藤
Original assignee: Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd
Priority date: 2002-10-31
Filing date: 2002-10-31
Publication date: 2004-05-27
Anticipated expiration: 2022-10-31
Also published as: JP3837377B2

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an inclined roof, on which a new planting is enabled and which has excellent heat shielding and heat insulating effects. <P>SOLUTION: Vegetation pallets, on which vegetation bedrocks, on which cleats are placed in a multistage type in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the inclined direction and which have rising sections for fixing the vegetation bedrocks, are placed, or boards, on which the vegetation bedrocks with engaging sections for fixing the vegetation bedrocks are placed, are installed on the cleats mounted in the multistage type so as to form spaces among an inclined roof surface and the pallets or the boards on the inclined roof surface, and the inclined roof is covered, and the vegetation bedrocks are placed on the pellets or the boards. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、芝生などの植物を植栽できるようにした緑化可能な傾斜屋根に関する。更に詳細には、傾斜屋根面上に、植生基盤を載置するための植生パレットまたは基板を、傾斜屋根面と植生パレットまたは基板の間に空間が生じるように載置し、植生パレットまたは基板上に植生基盤を載置してなる緑化可能な傾斜屋根であって、屋根面の遮熱、断熱効果が改善された緑化可能な傾斜屋根、更には、植生基盤上に植栽される植物への灌水が改善された緑化可能な傾斜屋根に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、ビルの屋上などの平坦な屋根面を緑化するために、屋上に植生基盤を造成し、この植生基盤に、例えば切芝やロール芝などの植物を植栽して、目に安らぎを与え、更には遮熱、断熱効果を図ることが行われている。
更に、一般住宅などの傾斜屋根の緑化も行われており、例えば、傾斜屋根を緑化するために屋根下地に防水シートを敷設し、排水用長尺板等を設けた勾配屋根の植栽施工体が提案されている（特許文献１）。また、山部と谷部を有する勾配屋根に、低背な板状の緑化ユニットを勾配屋根上に隣接して並べ、緑化ユニット上に植物を植栽した勾配屋根の緑化ユニットも提案さている（特許文献２）。更には、傾斜屋根上に係り止め部を有する基板を設置し、基板上に植物生育用マットを固定した緑化可能な屋根も提案されている（特許文献３）。
【０００３】
【特許文献１】
特開平８−１３７１３号公報
【特許文献２】
特開２０００−３２４９５３号公報
【特許文献３】
特開２００１−７８５６１号公報
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記した従来の傾斜屋根の緑化方法は、屋根の遮熱、断熱効果などが依然として十分ではなく、また植栽した植物への灌水も屋根全体に植栽された植物へ均一に水を供給する点で依然として改良の余地のあるものである。
従って、本発明の課題は、傾斜屋根の遮熱、断熱効果が改善され、また、灌水も改善された緑化可能な傾斜屋根を提供することにある。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、傾斜屋根面上に、傾斜方向と直交する横方向に、桟木を多段式に載置し；植生基盤を載置するための植生パレットまたは基板を、傾斜屋根面と植生パレットまたは基板との間に空間が生じるように、多段式に設置された桟木上に設置して、傾斜屋根を覆い；次いで、植生パレットまたは基板上に植生基盤を載置してなる緑化可能な傾斜屋根に関する。
本発明では、植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部を端部に沿って有する植生パレットを、植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部が傾斜方向の下側に来るように、多段式に設置された桟木上に載置して傾斜屋根を覆った、あるいは植生基盤止め用係り止め部を有する基板を、植生基盤止め用係り止め部が傾斜方向と直交する横方向になるように、多段式に載置された桟木上に傾斜方向に沿って多段式に載置して、傾斜屋根を覆った緑化可能な傾斜屋根が好ましい。
また、本発明では、傾斜屋根最上部から植生パレットと植生パレット上に載置された植生基盤の間または基板と基板上に載置された植生基盤の間を水が流下するように、傾斜屋根最上部に潅水装置を設け、傾斜屋根最上部から流下する水が傾斜屋根上側に載置された植生パレットの植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部または基板の植生基盤止め用係り止め部によって堰き止められて飽和し、飽和した水が植生パレットの植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部または基板の植生基盤止め用係り止め部を乗り越えて、その下側に載置された植生基盤に水が更に流下するように構築された、緑化可能な傾斜屋根が好ましい。
【０００６】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の実施の形態を、添付した図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図１は、植生パレットを用いた本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の説明的外観図である。図２、図３、図４および図５は、植生パレットを用いた本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の側面断面図である。図６は、基板を用いた本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の側面断面図である。１は屋根の野地板、２は防水シート、３は防水シートを止め抑えるするためのルーフテープ、４は桟木、５は植生を載置するための植生パレット、６は植生を栽培するための植生基盤、７は植生である。
野地板１、防水シート２、ルーフテープ３、桟木４は、傾斜屋根面上に、順に積層載置し、桟木をステンレス釘８などの防錆性、止水性を施した金具により数ヶ所固定する。桟木は、図１に示すように、傾斜屋根面上に、屋根の傾斜方向と直交する横方向に、多段式に載置する。桟木４は、通常、横方向に連続させて設置し、屋根の傾斜方向では、２００ｍｍ〜１０００ｍｍ、好ましくは４００ｍｍ〜６００ｍｍの間隔を持って多段式に載置する。
【０００７】
植生パレット５は、図２、図３および図５に示すように、植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部９を端部に沿って有する。更に、植生パレットは、植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部９を有する端部の他方の端部に沿って、植生パレットを桟木上に載置するための係り止め部１０を有するのが好ましい。植生パレットは、通常、ステンレス板、鉄板、亜鉛鉄板、アルミニウム板、銅板等の金属板、木材や木材加工品、合成板等からなる木質板、各種セメント板、スレート板等の板状体などを材料としてなるものが用いられる。植生パレットは、例えば、その係り止め部を、傾斜屋根の上側に来るようにして、植生パレットの端部を桟木４に引掛け止めする。この時、植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部９は、傾斜屋根の傾斜方向の下側に来る。植生パレットの上側部の数ヶ所をステンレス釘８などの防錆性、止水性を施した金具により桟木に数ヶ所固定することができる。このようにして、植生パレットを桟木上に載置することにより、図２、図３、図４および図５に示すように、傾斜屋根面上と載置された植生パレットとの間に空間１１が設けられるようになる。
【０００８】
また、本発明では、植生パレットの代わりに、図６に示すように植生基盤止め用係り止め部１４を有する基板１３を用いることもできる。植生基盤止め用係り止め部１４は、基板に一体となって成形され構成されてた凸部でもよく、また基板上に別体に構成した凸部もしくはＬ字型部であってもよい。別体に構成した凸部もしくはＬ字型部は、レール状に成形したものを、基板にリベットなどで止めかあるいは溶接などにより取り付ければよい。このような係り止め部は、傾斜屋根面上の桟木に基板を載置後に、取り付けてもよく、また載置前に取り付けてもよい。基板は、植生パレットと同様に、通常、ステンレス板、鉄板、亜鉛鉄板、アルミニウム板、銅板等の金属板、木材や木材加工品、合成板等からなる木質板、各種セメント板、スレート板等の板状体などを材料としてなるものが用いられる。
基板は、多段式に載置された桟木上に、屋根面上と基板との間に空間１１が生じるように、且つ植生基盤止め用係り止め部が屋根傾斜方向と直交する横方向になるように、屋根傾斜方向に沿って多段式に載置するのが好ましい。基板は、ステンレス釘などによって桟木に止めればよい。基板は、傾斜屋根と直交する横方向に並列して、複数個を載置してもよく、また、横方向を一枚の基板で傾斜屋根を覆ってもよい。
【０００９】
以上のようにして、本発明では傾斜屋根面と植生パレットまたは基板との間に空間が設けられ、この空間１１により、屋根面の空気流通が促進され、本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根は、遮熱、断熱効果が従来のものに比べて著しく改善されたものとなる。この空間１１からなる通気層間隔は、通常、２０ｍｍ〜１００ｍｍ、好ましくは４０ｍｍ〜８０ｍｍである時に、遮熱、断熱が有効に達成される。この空間１１には、必要に応じて、凹凸を有する平板上のスペーサー１２を設置してもよい。このようなスペーサーとしては、金属製、樹脂製などの耐久性のある材質からなるものであればいずれでもよく、例えば、トタン、ポリカーボネートの波板、高密度ポリエチレンの圧縮成形品、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の繊維を面状に固めたシート材などの材料からなるものが挙げられる。
【００１０】
上記したように、基板は、傾斜屋根と直交する横方向に並列して、複数個を載置してもよく、また、横方向を一枚の基板で傾斜屋根を覆ってもよい。同様に、植生パレット５も、傾斜屋根と直交する横方向においては、図１に示すように、屋根の横方向に連続または所定長さに分割して並列に載置することができる連続して載置する場合、例えば金属板を、ローリングフォーミングマシンなどの押出し成形機械を用い、対象とする屋根長さに合わせて、横方向の長さを屋根の横方向の長さに合わせて、植生パレットまたは基板の成形を行う。このことによって、工場による生産ばかりでなく、実際の現場での加工が可能になる。
分割して並列に設置する場合、あらかじめ所定の寸法に分割されて作成された植生パレットまたは基板の両端部は、互いの植生パレットまたは基板と所定の重ね代をもち、載置するのが好ましい。所定の寸法Ｌの決定は、以下の式によって求めることができる。
【００１１】
【式１】
所定の寸法＝（軒の長さ−ｔ）／ｎ
所定重ね代ｔは、重ね代強度を保つことができればよく、例えば、所定の寸法の１／１０以上であることが望ましい。自然数ｎは、強度、耐水性、施工性から勘案し、決定する値であり、その値は１〜１０、好ましくは４〜６である。このようにして設定された植生パレットまたは基板の横幅は、通常３０ｃｍ〜９０ｃｍである。
また、植生パレットまたは基板の、傾斜屋根面上に載置した時の傾斜方向と同じ方向の縦幅は、通常、１５ｃｍ以上１００ｃｍ以下、好ましくは３０ｃｍ以上５０ｃｍ以下である。植生パレットまたは基板の縦幅が小さい場合、後述する灌水方式で水を植生パレットまたは基板に流下させた時に、植生パレットまたは基板上に載置された植生基盤の全面がほぼ飽和水分量となり、植生の根腐れが発生しやすいだけでなく、小さい植生パレットまたは基板を多く載置することになるためにコスト高になり、施工性も悪く漏水の危険性が高くなる。また、植生パレットまたは基板の縦幅が著しく大きい場合、植生パレットまたは基板内の上下位置の違いによる水分不均等が発生しく、施工性が悪くなる。また、屋根面に固定するポイントが相対的に少なくなるため強風への耐性が弱くなる。
以上に述べたような横幅および縦幅を有する植生パレットまたは基板を用いることにより、植生パレットまたは基板の取付けは、従来行われている屋根瓦の取付け方法と同様に、取付け可能となる。
【００１２】
植生基盤６は、植生パレット５または基板１３に載置される。植栽基盤６は、屋根・屋上用に軽量成形化された土壌を用いることができる。これにより、運搬、取付けなどの取扱いが容易となる。植生基盤６は、例えば、植生パレット５または基板１２の表面形状を凹凸、カギ状、ループ状など突起物を設け、植生７の根をからみやすくすることもできる。これにより、植生バレット５または基板１３と植生基盤６との固定度が高まる。
植生基盤としては、本発明では、ｐＦ１．８時の容水量が２００リットル／ｍ^３以上９００リットル／ｍ^３以下のものが好ましく、特に好ましくは３００リットル／ｍ^３以上８００リットル／ｍ^３以下のものである。本発明に用いるこのような好ましい植生基盤としては、例えば、ロックウール、発泡ウレタンホーム（オアシス）、パーライト、バーミキュライト、ヤシ外果皮の解砕物、ピートモス、赤土、黒土などが挙げられる。植生基盤は、ロックウール、発泡ウレタンホーム（オアシス）、パーライト、バーミキュライト、ヤシ外果皮の解砕物、ピートモス、赤土、黒土などを繊維製シートで被覆し圧縮成形した植物生育用軽量マットでもよい。これらの植生基盤が降雨によって流出しないように配慮する必要がある。この方法としては、屋根面に施工する前にあらかじめ植物を植え、植物で完全に土壌表面が被覆する程度あるいは完全に根鉢を形成する程度まで養生しておく方法や、植生基盤をネットなどに包む方法などを用いることができる。
【００１３】
植生７は、植生基盤６に載置する。植生７はあらかじめ、別途、平地において植生基盤６上で、一定の予備栽培を行うのが好ましい。これにより、植生７の植生基盤６への固定度が高まる。また、植生パレット５または基板１３から植生７までの載置を、あらかじめ、平地において別途、予備栽培を行うこともできる。予備栽培は通常、植物の活着を以て終了とすることができる。植物が活着した状態とは、植栽する植物の根が植生基盤まで十分に侵入した状態をいい、好ましくは植生基盤の底面まで根が伸長し露出された状態となることがよい。更に植物の地上部が植生基盤のできるだけ全域（６０％以上）を覆う程度に繁茂した状態になることが好ましい。これにより、それぞれの固定度を高めることによって、ひとつのユニットとして扱うことができ、能率的に施工を進めることができる。また、設置後の屋根面からのずれや強風などにより吹き飛ばされることなく、堅固な設置状態とすることができる。
【００１４】
本発明で用いる植物については、特に制限はないが、耐乾性、耐暑性が高い、宿根性、矮性などの性質を兼ね揃えたものが好ましい。これらの性質を具備する植物の例として、芝、イワダレソウ、ミント類、ローズマリー、タマリュウ、ササ類、ヤブラン、マンネングサ、コニファー類が挙げられる。
【００１５】
本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根においては、傾斜屋根最上部から植生パレットと植生パレットに載置された植生基盤の間または基板と基板上に載置された植生基盤の間を水が流下するように、傾斜屋根最上部に潅水装置を設けて灌水するのが好ましい。例えば、図４および図７に示すように、傾斜屋根の最上部に灌水チューブ１５を設置して灌水するのが好ましい。傾斜屋根最上部の例えば灌水チューブから流下する水２２が、傾斜屋根上側に載置された植生パレットとその植生パレット上に載置された植生基盤の間または基板と基板上に載置された植生基盤の間を流下するように灌水するのが好ましい。図５および図７に示すように、植生パレットと植生基盤の間または基板と基板上に載置された植生基盤の間を流下する水は、植生パレットの植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部９または基板の植生基盤止め用係り止め部１４によって堰き止められて飽和し、飽和した水が植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部９または植生基盤止め用係り止め部１４を乗り越えて、その下側に載置された植生基盤に水が更に流下する。
このような、所謂底面潅水法により潅水することにより、植生基盤と植生パレットの間または植生基盤と基板の間を流下した水は植生基盤の持つ毛管作用により植生基盤全体に渡ることができる。このような底面灌水法を採用する場合、上記したように植生基盤は、ｐＦ１．８時の容水量が２００リットル／ｍ^３以上９００リットル／ｍ^３以下のものが好ましく、特に３００リットル／ｍ^３以上８００リットル／ｍ^３以下のものが好ましい。ＰＦ１．８の容水量が２００リットル／ｍ^３以下の植生基盤を用いた場合、給水能が著しく劣るため特に屋根上端部側の植生パレットまたは基板内で水分不足となる。また、容水量が著しく多い場合、植生パレットの植生基盤止め用立ち上げ部または基板の植生基盤止め用係り止め部と平面部で囲まれた部分に溜まった水が植物の吸収により適湿になるまでに時間がかかり、場合によっては過湿で根腐を起こしたり、植生パレットまたは基板内での水分不均等を起こしたりするので好ましくない。
また、植生パレットの植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部または基板の植生基盤止め用係り止め部を乗り越えて、それより下位に載置された植生基盤に流下する水が速やかに植生基盤底部に流下するためのスペーサを設けることが好ましい。このスペーサは透水性が飽和透水係数の値で凡そ０．０１ｍ／ｓｅｃ以上で、屋上での使用に適した対熱性、紫外線耐性、分解耐性等を有すればとくに制限はないが、凹凸形状のあるプラスチック板（登録商標：グリシート、製造元：タキロン（株）、一般名称：土木で使用する場合は、面状排水材、屋上緑化の底面に使用する場合のみ、貯水機能つき面状排水材）、玉砂利等を用いることができる
【００１６】
更に、いずれの植生基盤を用いた場合でも、通常、水道（みずみち）と呼ばれる水が他に比べて著しく通りやすい部分が形成され、それにより水分の不均等が発生するが、本発明では植生パレットの植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部または基板の植生基盤止め用係り止め部によって必ず水が堰き止められるため、そのような水分の不均等が発生しない。また、植生パレットまたは基板に堰き止められる水の量は、植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部の長さと植生パレットまたは植生基盤止め用係り止め部の長さと基板を設置する傾斜屋根の傾斜角度によって決定され、これらが変わらない限り単位植生パレットまたは基板あたりの保水量が等しくなる。底面灌水方式で灌水することによって、上部の植生パレットまたは基板が飽和になると植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部を越えて、それより下位に載置される植生基盤に水が流下する。これが次々と繰り返され、最終的に屋根面全体が一律に一時的に飽和水分となるため、屋根上に載置される場所の違いによる植生パレット間の水分不均等が発生しない。このように、植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部を設けた植生パレットまたは植生基盤止め用係り止め部を設けた基盤を、傾斜屋根面上に多段式に載置したところに、屋根面最上部から底面灌水方式にて灌水することにより、屋根面全体を均一に灌水することができる。
【００１７】
灌水方法は屋根面全体が飽和となる量を灌水するかけ流し方式でもよいが、図６に示すように、灌水する水を可能なかぎり節約するためにタンク１９を設置した循環式が好ましい。一定間隔でポンプ１６を一定時間駆動し、屋根最下部の灌水チューブから水が流れ出る程度に灌水する。図７に示すように、余剰水はタンク１９内に戻るように設定することにより、植物に必要な量だけ灌水することができる。ポンプ１６を動かす間隔は季節や栽培する植物に応じて決めればよく、例えば芝の場合、夏季は毎日、春あるいは秋は２〜３日おき、冬場は２週間に一度程度が好ましい。用いるポンプ１６は屋根最上部まで揚水能力があるものならとくに制限はなく、浅井戸用の水中ポンプや受水槽用ポンプなどが利用できる。また、希釈混入型液肥混合装置１７を用いることによってポンプから屋根面に上げる水中に一定濃度で液肥を混合することができ、施肥も同時に行うことができる。屋根最下部からタンク１９に戻る配管の途中に水センサー１８を設けることにより、ポンプの駆動時間を最小限に制御することができる。水センサー１８が配管中を流れる水を感知したらポンプ１６を止めるよう信号を出すことにより、降雨時の運転を止めたり、降水が続いた後で植生基盤の水分が多いときなどにポンプ１６の運転時間を短縮させたりできる。用いる水センサー１８にとくに制限はなく、貯水部１９と組み合わせたフロート式や水の通電を利用した電極式等が例示される。
【００１８】
以上に説明した本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の適用地域は、建築・省エネルギー機構の次世代省エネルギー基準の地域区分に基づき、ＩＩＩ地域以西の屋根の断熱・遮熱が必要とされる地域に適用するのが好ましい。ＩＩＩ地域以西の平均気温は通常、年間最高気温２４℃以上、年間最低気温１．０℃以上の地域である。
【００１９】
【実施例】
以下に本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明する。
図１から図５に示すようにして、実際に緑化可能な傾斜屋根を作成して、本発明の傾斜屋根における遮熱効果および断熱効果を調べた。
本発明の傾斜屋根における空間１１を形成する植生パレット５と野地板１の間の間隔ｄとそのときの野地板表面における夏季の最高温度と冬季の最低温度の測定結果をそれぞれ図８および図９に示した。夏季、冬季とも通気層間隔ｄが大きくなるほど、野地板表面温度は低下していくものの、間隔ｄがおおよそ６０ｍｍを超えると、表面温度は一定の値に近づく。図１０は、図８および図９の結果から、両者の温度差を図示したものである。両者の差は、遮熱、断熱による温度低下幅を示し、この値が大きくなるほど、遮熱、断熱とも効果が大きくなることを示している。
図１０より、空間１１の通気層間隔ｄが６０ｍｍを超えると、遮熱・断熱効果がほぼ一定となる。このことから、断熱を考慮した遮熱に効果的な空間１１の通気層間隔ｄは、２０ｍｍ〜１００ｍｍ、好ましくは４０ｍｍ〜８０ｍｍである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】図１は、植生パレットを用いた本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の説明的外観図である。
【図２】図２は、植生パレットを用いた本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の側面断面図である。
【図３】図３は、植生パレットを用いた本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の側面断面図である。
【図４】図４は、植生パレットを用いた本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の側面断面図である。
【図５】図５は、植生パレットを用いた本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の側面断面図である。
【図６】図６は、基板を用いた本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の側面断面図である。
【図７】図７は、本発明の緑化可能な傾斜屋根の灌水方式の説明図である。
【図８】図８は、本発明の傾斜屋根における空間を形成する植生パレットと野地板の間の間隔とそのときの野地板表面における夏季の最高温度の測定結果を示す。
【図９】図９は、本発明の傾斜屋根における空間を形成する植生パレットと野地板の間の間隔とそのときの野地板表面における冬季の最高温度の測定結果を示す。
【図１０】図１０は、図８および図９の結果から、両者の温度差を図示したものである。
【符号の説明】
１屋根の野地板
２防水シート
３防水シートを止め抑えるするためのルーフテープ
４桟木
５植生を載置するための植生パレット
６植生を栽培するための植生基盤
７植生
８ステンレス釘
９植生パレットの植生基盤止め用立ち上がり部
１０植生パレットの係り止め部
１１植生パレットまたは基板と野地板の間で形成される空間
１２スペーサー
１３基板
１４植生基盤止め用係り止め部
１５灌水チューブ
１６ポンプ
１７希釈混入型液肥混合装置
１８水センサー
１９貯水部
２０スイッチ
２１電源
２２水[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sloped roof that can be greened so that plants such as lawns can be planted. More specifically, a vegetation pallet or a substrate for mounting a vegetation base is placed on a sloped roof surface such that a space is created between the sloped roof surface and the vegetation pallet or substrate, and the vegetation pallet or board is placed on the vegetation pallet or substrate. A greenable sloped roof with a vegetation base mounted on it, and a greenable sloped roof with improved heat insulation and heat insulation effect on the roof surface, and furthermore, a plant to be planted on a vegetation base. The present invention relates to a greenable sloped roof with improved irrigation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in order to green a flat roof surface such as the roof of a building, a vegetation base has been created on the roof, and plants such as cut turf and roll turf have been planted on this vegetation base to provide comfort to the eyes. Further, a heat shielding and heat insulating effect has been achieved.
Furthermore, greening of sloping roofs of general houses and the like is also performed, for example, a planting construction body of a sloping roof in which a waterproof sheet is laid on a roof base to green the sloping roof, and a long drainage plate or the like is provided. Has been proposed (Patent Document 1). In addition, there has been proposed a green roofing unit having a low-profile plate-shaped greening unit arranged adjacent to the sloped roof having a mountain part and a valley adjacent to the green roof, and plants being planted on the greening unit ( Patent Document 2). Furthermore, there has been proposed a greenable roof in which a substrate having a stop portion is provided on an inclined roof, and a plant growth mat is fixed on the substrate (Patent Document 3).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-8-13713 [Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-324953 A [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-2001-78561
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned conventional method for greening a sloped roof has a problem in that the heat shielding and heat insulation effects of the roof are not yet sufficient, and that the watering of the planted plants also supplies water uniformly to the plants planted on the entire roof. There is still room for improvement.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a sloped roof that can be greened with improved heat shielding and heat insulation effects of the sloped roof and improved irrigation.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention provides a multi-stage pier mounted on a sloped roof surface in a transverse direction orthogonal to the slope direction; a vegetation pallet or board for mounting a vegetation base; The sloping roof, which is installed on a multi-stage pier so as to create a space between the sloping roof and a vegetation base on a vegetation pallet or a board. .
In the present invention, a vegetation pallet having a vegetation base stopper rising portion along an end portion is placed on a multi-stage type pier so that the vegetation substrate stopper rising portion is located below the inclined direction. A board covered with a sloped roof or having a vegetation base stoppering part is placed on a pier mounted in a multi-stage manner so that the vegetation base stopping part is in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the inclination direction. It is preferable to use a sloping roof that can be placed in multiple stages along the sloping direction and covered with the sloping roof to enable greening.
Further, in the present invention, the inclined roof is provided such that water flows down from the top of the inclined roof to between the vegetation pallet and the vegetation base placed on the vegetation pallet or between the substrate and the vegetation base placed on the substrate. An irrigation device is installed at the top, and water flowing down from the top of the sloped roof is blocked by the vegetation pallet's standing part of the vegetation pallet placed on the sloped roof's upper side or the vegetation base's stopping part of the board, and saturated. Then, the saturated water passes over the rising portion for stopping the vegetation base of the vegetation pallet or the engaging portion for stopping the vegetation base of the substrate, and the water is further flown down to the vegetation base placed under the vegetation base. A sloped roof that can be greened is preferred.
[0006]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory external view of a greenable sloped roof according to the present invention using a vegetation pallet. 2, 3, 4 and 5 are side sectional views of the greenable sloped roof of the present invention using a vegetation pallet. FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of the greenable sloped roof of the present invention using a substrate. 1 is a roof base plate, 2 is a waterproof sheet, 3 is a roof tape for stopping and stopping the waterproof sheet, 4 is a pier, 5 is a vegetation pallet for placing vegetation, and 6 is vegetation for growing vegetation. The base, 7 is vegetation.
The field board 1, the waterproof sheet 2, the roof tape 3, and the pier 4 are sequentially stacked and mounted on the sloping roof surface, and the pier is fixed at several places by a rust-proof and water-proof metal fitting such as a stainless steel nail 8. . As shown in FIG. 1, the piers are mounted on a sloping roof surface in a multi-stage manner in a lateral direction orthogonal to the inclination direction of the roof. The crosspiece 4 is usually installed continuously in the horizontal direction, and is mounted in a multi-stage manner at intervals of 200 mm to 1000 mm, preferably 400 mm to 600 mm in the inclination direction of the roof.
[0007]
The vegetation pallet 5 has, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, a rising portion 9 for stopping the vegetation base along the end. Further, the vegetation pallet preferably has an engaging portion 10 for placing the vegetation pallet on the pier along the other end of the end having the vegetation base stopping portion 9. Vegetation pallets usually include metal plates such as stainless steel plates, iron plates, galvanized iron plates, aluminum plates and copper plates, wood plates made of wood and processed wood products, synthetic plates, etc., various cement plates, and plate-like bodies such as slate plates. What is used as a material is used. The vegetation pallet holds the end of the vegetation pallet on the pier 4 so that, for example, the engaging portion is located above the inclined roof. At this time, the rising portion 9 for stopping the vegetation base comes below the inclined direction of the inclined roof. Several places on the upper side of the vegetation pallet can be fixed to several places on the pier with rust-proof and water-stop fittings such as stainless steel nails 8. By placing the vegetation pallets on the pier in this way, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5, a space 11 is provided between the sloped roof surface and the vegetation pallets placed. Will be provided.
[0008]
Further, in the present invention, instead of the vegetation pallet, a substrate 13 having a retaining portion 14 for retaining a vegetation base as shown in FIG. 6 can be used. The engaging portion 14 for stopping the vegetation base may be a convex portion formed integrally with the substrate, or may be a convex portion or an L-shaped portion separately formed on the substrate. The separately formed projection or L-shaped portion may be formed in a rail shape and fixed to the substrate with rivets or the like or by welding or the like. Such a retaining portion may be attached after placing the substrate on the pier on the inclined roof surface, or may be attached before placing. Substrates, like vegetation pallets, are usually made of metal plates such as stainless steel plates, iron plates, galvanized iron plates, aluminum plates and copper plates, wood and wood processed products, woody plates made of synthetic plates, various types of cement plates, slate plates, etc. A material made of a plate-like body or the like is used.
The board is arranged such that a space 11 is formed between the roof surface and the board on the pier placed in a multi-stage manner, and the engaging portion for stopping the vegetation base is in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the roof tilt direction. In addition, it is preferable to mount in a multi-stage manner along the roof inclination direction. The board may be fixed to the pier with stainless steel nails or the like. A plurality of substrates may be placed side by side in a horizontal direction orthogonal to the inclined roof, or the inclined roof may be covered with one substrate in the horizontal direction.
[0009]
As described above, in the present invention, a space is provided between the sloping roof surface and the vegetation pallet or the board, and the space 11 promotes air circulation on the roof surface, and the greenable sloping roof of the present invention is The heat shielding and heat insulating effects are significantly improved as compared with the conventional one. When the space between the ventilation layers formed of the space 11 is usually 20 mm to 100 mm, preferably 40 mm to 80 mm, heat shielding and heat insulation can be effectively achieved. In this space 11, a spacer 12 on a flat plate having irregularities may be provided as necessary. As such a spacer, any spacer made of a durable material such as metal or resin may be used. For example, tin, a corrugated sheet of polycarbonate, a compression molded article of high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, etc. Made of a material such as a sheet material obtained by solidifying the above fibers in a planar shape.
[0010]
As described above, a plurality of substrates may be placed in parallel in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the inclined roof, or the inclined roof may be covered by one substrate in the horizontal direction. Similarly, the vegetation pallet 5 can also be continuously arranged in the lateral direction of the roof or divided into predetermined lengths in the lateral direction orthogonal to the inclined roof, as shown in FIG. When placing, for example, using a metal plate, an extrusion molding machine such as a rolling forming machine, according to the target roof length, the horizontal length to the roof horizontal length, vegetation pallets Alternatively, the substrate is formed. This allows not only factory production but also on-site processing.
When divided and installed in parallel, it is preferable that both end portions of the vegetation pallet or the substrate, which are divided into predetermined dimensions in advance, have a predetermined overlapping margin with each other, and are placed. The predetermined dimension L can be determined by the following equation.
[0011]
(Equation 1)
Predetermined dimension = (length of eave-t) / n
The predetermined overlap allowance t may be any value as long as the overlap allowance strength can be maintained, and for example, is preferably 1/10 or more of a predetermined dimension. The natural number n is a value determined in consideration of strength, water resistance, and workability, and the value is 1 to 10, preferably 4 to 6. The lateral width of the vegetation pallet or the substrate thus set is usually 30 cm to 90 cm.
In addition, the vertical width of the vegetation pallet or the substrate in the same direction as the inclination direction when the pallet is placed on the inclined roof surface is usually 15 cm or more and 100 cm or less, preferably 30 cm or more and 50 cm or less. When the vertical width of the vegetation pallet or the substrate is small, when water is allowed to flow down to the vegetation pallet or the substrate by the irrigation method described later, the entire surface of the vegetation base placed on the vegetation pallet or the substrate becomes almost saturated, and Not only is the root rot likely to occur, but also a large number of small vegetation pallets or substrates are placed on the pallet, which increases the cost, reduces workability and increases the risk of water leakage. Further, when the vertical width of the vegetation pallet or the substrate is extremely large, unevenness of water due to the difference in the vertical position in the vegetation pallet or the substrate does not occur, and the workability is deteriorated. In addition, since the number of points to be fixed to the roof surface is relatively reduced, resistance to strong winds is reduced.
By using a vegetation pallet or a board having the above-described width and height, the vegetation pallet or the board can be mounted in the same manner as a conventional roof tile mounting method.
[0012]
The vegetation base 6 is placed on the vegetation pallet 5 or the substrate 13. The planting base 6 can be made of lightly-molded soil for roofs and rooftops. This facilitates handling such as transportation and installation. The vegetation base 6 may be provided with projections such as irregularities, keys, loops, or the like on the surface of the vegetation pallet 5 or the substrate 12 so that the roots of the vegetation 7 can be easily seen. As a result, the degree of fixation between the vegetation bullet 5 or the substrate 13 and the vegetation base 6 is increased.
In the present invention, the vegetation base preferably has a capacity of 200 l / m ³ or more and 900 l / m ³ or less, particularly preferably 300 l / m ³ or more and 800 l / m ³ or less, at a pF of 1.8. Things. Such preferable vegetation bases used in the present invention include, for example, rock wool, urethane foam (oasis), perlite, vermiculite, crushed palm rind, peat moss, red soil, black soil, and the like. The vegetation base may be a lightweight plant growing mat obtained by covering rock wool, urethane foam home (oasis), perlite, vermiculite, crushed palm rind, peat moss, red soil, black soil, etc. with a fiber sheet and compression-molding. Care must be taken to ensure that these vegetation bases do not flow out due to rainfall. For this method, plants are planted in advance before construction on the roof surface, and the plants are cured to the extent that the soil surface is completely covered or the root pot is completely formed. A wrapping method or the like can be used.
[0013]
The vegetation 7 is placed on the vegetation base 6. It is preferable that the vegetation 7 is separately preliminarily cultivated in advance on the vegetation base 6 on a flat ground. Thereby, the degree of fixation of the vegetation 7 to the vegetation base 6 is increased. In addition, the vegetation pallet 5 or the placement from the substrate 13 to the vegetation 7 can be separately preliminarily cultivated in advance on a flat ground. Preliminary cultivation can usually be terminated when the plants take root. The state in which the plant has survived refers to a state in which the root of the plant to be planted has sufficiently penetrated into the vegetation base, and preferably a state in which the root extends to the bottom surface of the vegetation base and is exposed. Furthermore, it is preferable that the above-ground portion of the plant is prosperous to the extent that it covers the entire area (60% or more) of the vegetation base as much as possible. Thus, by increasing the degree of fixation, each unit can be handled as one unit, and construction can be efficiently performed. In addition, a firm installation state can be achieved without being blown off by a deviation from a roof surface after installation or strong wind.
[0014]
The plant used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably a plant having high resistance to drought and heat, and also having properties such as rooting and dwarfing. Examples of plants having these properties include turf, iwasareso, mint, rosemary, tamaryu, sasa, yabrun, stonecrop, and conifer.
[0015]
In the sloped roof which can be greened according to the present invention, water flows down from the top of the sloped roof between the vegetation pallet and the vegetation base placed on the vegetation pallet or between the substrate and the vegetation base placed on the substrate. Preferably, a watering device is provided at the top of the inclined roof to water the water. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, it is preferable to irrigate by installing an irrigation tube 15 at the top of the sloped roof. Water 22 flowing down from, for example, an irrigation tube at the top of the sloping roof is between a vegetation pallet placed on the upper side of the sloping roof and a vegetation base placed on the vegetation pallet or between a substrate and vegetation placed on the substrate. It is preferable to irrigate so as to flow down between the bases. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 7, the water flowing between the vegetation pallet and the vegetation base or between the substrate and the vegetation base placed on the substrate is discharged from the vegetation pallet with the vegetation base stopper rising portion 9 or the substrate. The vegetation base is stopped by the vegetation base stopping anchor 14 and becomes saturated. The saturated water passes over the vegetation base stopping rising part 9 or the vegetation base stopping anchor 14 and is placed under the vegetation base. The water flows further down.
By irrigating by such a so-called bottom watering method, the water flowing between the vegetation base and the vegetation pallet or between the vegetation base and the substrate can be spread over the entire vegetation base by the capillary action of the vegetation base. When such a bottom irrigation method is adopted, the vegetation base preferably has a water capacity of 200 l / m ³ or more and 900 l / m ³ or less at a pF of 1.8, and particularly 300 l / m ^{3 as described above.} Those having a value of at least 800 liters / m ³ or less are preferable. When a vegetation base having a water content of PF1.8 of 200 liters / m ³ or less is used, the water supply capacity is extremely poor, and water shortage occurs particularly in a vegetation pallet or a substrate on the roof upper end side. In addition, when the water volume is extremely large, the water collected in the rising portion for stopping the vegetation base of the vegetation pallet or the engaging portion for stopping the vegetation base of the substrate and the portion surrounded by the plane portion becomes appropriate moisture due to absorption of the plants. It takes a long time, and in some cases, it is not preferable because it causes root rot due to excessive humidity or causes uneven moisture in a vegetation pallet or a substrate.
Also, the water flowing over the vegetation base stopping portion of the vegetation pallet or the vegetation base stopping engaging portion of the substrate and flowing down to the vegetation base placed thereunder immediately flows down to the bottom of the vegetation base. Preferably, a spacer is provided. The spacer is not particularly limited as long as it has a water permeability of about 0.01 m / sec or more in terms of saturated water permeability and has heat resistance, ultraviolet resistance, decomposition resistance, etc. suitable for use on a rooftop. A certain plastic plate (registered trademark: Glysheet, manufacturer: Takiron Co., Ltd., general name: surface drainage material when used in civil engineering, surface drainage material with water storage function only when used on the bottom of rooftop greening), Cobbles and the like can be used.
In addition, when any of the vegetation bases is used, a part called water (mizumichi) is usually formed, through which water is remarkably easy to pass as compared with others, thereby causing uneven water content. Since the water is always blocked by the rising portion for stopping the vegetation base of the pallet or the engaging portion for stopping the vegetation base of the substrate, such unevenness of water does not occur. In addition, the amount of water that is blocked by the vegetation pallet or the board is determined by the length of the rising portion for stopping the vegetation base, the length of the engaging portion for stopping the vegetation pallet or the vegetation base, and the inclination angle of the sloped roof on which the board is installed, As long as these do not change, the water holding capacity per unit vegetation pallet or substrate will be equal. By irrigating with the bottom irrigation method, when the upper vegetation pallet or substrate becomes saturated, the water flows down over the vegetation base stopping up portion and into the vegetation base placed below it. This is repeated one after another, and eventually the entire roof surface is temporarily and uniformly saturated with moisture, so that unevenness of moisture between the vegetation pallets due to the difference in the place placed on the roof does not occur. In this way, when the vegetation pallet provided with the rising portion for stopping the vegetation base or the base provided with the engaging portion for stopping the vegetation base is placed in a multi-stage manner on the inclined roof surface, the bottom is irrigated from the top of the roof surface. By watering in this manner, the entire roof surface can be watered uniformly.
[0017]
The watering method may be a flushing method in which the entire roof surface is saturated. However, as shown in FIG. 6, a circulation method in which a tank 19 is installed to save as much water as possible is preferable. The pump 16 is driven at regular intervals for a prescribed period of time to irrigate the water so that water flows out from the irrigation tube at the bottom of the roof. As shown in FIG. 7, by setting the surplus water to return to the inside of the tank 19, it is possible to irrigate only the amount necessary for the plants. The interval at which the pump 16 is operated may be determined according to the season and the plant to be cultivated. For example, in the case of turf, it is preferable that the summer is every day in summer, every two to three days in spring or autumn, and about once every two weeks in winter. The pump 16 to be used is not particularly limited as long as it has a pumping ability up to the top of the roof, and a submersible pump for a shallow well, a pump for a receiving tank, or the like can be used. In addition, by using the dilution-mixing type liquid fertilizer mixing device 17, the liquid fertilizer can be mixed at a constant concentration in the water raised from the pump to the roof surface, and the fertilization can be performed at the same time. By providing the water sensor 18 in the middle of the pipe returning to the tank 19 from the lowermost part of the roof, the driving time of the pump can be controlled to a minimum. When the water sensor 18 detects water flowing in the pipe, the pump 16 is signaled to stop the pump 16 to stop the operation during rainfall or to operate the pump 16 when the vegetation base has a lot of moisture after the rainfall continues. Or reduce time. There is no particular limitation on the water sensor 18 to be used, and examples thereof include a float type combined with the water storage unit 19 and an electrode type using water supply.
[0018]
The above-mentioned application area of the sloping roof which can be greened according to the present invention is applied to the area where insulation and heat shielding of the roof west of area III is required, based on the area division of the Next Generation Energy Saving Standard of the Building and Energy Conservation Agency. Is preferred. Average temperatures west of Region III are typically regions with annual maximum temperatures of 24 ° C. or higher and annual minimum temperatures of 1.0 ° C. or higher.
[0019]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, a sloped roof that can be actually greened was prepared, and the heat shielding effect and the heat insulation effect of the sloped roof of the present invention were examined.
FIGS. 8 and 9 show the distance d between the vegetation pallet 5 and the base plate 1 forming the space 11 in the sloped roof of the present invention, and the maximum temperature in summer and the minimum temperature in winter on the surface of the base plate at that time, respectively. It was shown to. In summer and winter, as the ventilation layer interval d increases, the surface temperature of the base plate decreases, but when the interval d exceeds approximately 60 mm, the surface temperature approaches a constant value. FIG. 10 illustrates the temperature difference between the results of FIGS. 8 and 9. The difference between the two indicates the range of temperature decrease due to heat shielding and heat insulation, and indicates that the greater the value, the greater the effect of both heat shielding and heat insulation.
According to FIG. 10, when the space d between the ventilation layers in the space 11 exceeds 60 mm, the heat shielding / insulating effect becomes substantially constant. For this reason, the space d between the ventilation layers of the space 11 that is effective for heat shielding in consideration of heat insulation is 20 mm to 100 mm, and preferably 40 mm to 80 mm.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory external view of a greenable sloped roof of the present invention using a vegetation pallet.
FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view of a greenable sloped roof of the present invention using a vegetation pallet.
FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the greenable sloped roof of the present invention using a vegetation pallet.
FIG. 4 is a side cross-sectional view of a greenable sloped roof of the present invention using a vegetation pallet.
FIG. 5 is a side cross-sectional view of a greenable sloped roof of the present invention using a vegetation pallet.
FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of a greenable sloped roof of the present invention using a substrate.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a watering method for a sloped roof which can be greened according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows a measurement result of a distance between a vegetation pallet and a field board forming a space in the sloped roof according to the present invention, and a maximum temperature in summer on the field board surface at that time.
FIG. 9 shows a measurement result of a distance between a vegetation pallet and a field board forming a space on the sloped roof of the present invention and a maximum temperature in winter on the field board surface at that time.
FIG. 10 illustrates the temperature difference between the results of FIGS. 8 and 9;
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Roof base plate 2 Waterproof sheet 3 Roof tape for stopping and holding a waterproof sheet 4 Pier 5 Vegetation pallet for placing vegetation 6 Vegetation base for cultivating vegetation 7 Vegetation 8 Stainless steel nail 9 Vegetation of vegetation pallet Standing-up portion 10 for stopping the base 10 Stopping portion of the vegetation pallet 11 Space formed between the vegetation pallet or the substrate and the base plate 12 Spacer 13 Substrate 14 Stopping portion for stopping the vegetation base 15 Irrigation tube 16 Pump 17 Dilute-mixed type fertilizer mixing device 18 Water sensor 19 Water storage unit 20 Switch 21 Power supply 22 Water

Claims

On a sloping roof surface, piers are laid in a multi-stage manner in a transverse direction perpendicular to the sloping direction; a vegetation pallet or substrate for mounting a vegetation base is placed between the sloping roof surface and the vegetation pallet or substrate. A sloping roof that can be planted on a multi-tiered pier to cover the sloping roof so that space is created; and then a vegetation base on a vegetation pallet or substrate.

A vegetation pallet having a vegetation base stopper rising portion along an end thereof is placed on a multi-stage type pier so that the vegetation substrate stopper rising portion is located on the lower side in the inclination direction, and a sloped roof is provided. The greenable sloped roof according to claim 1, wherein the roof is covered with a green roof.

Vegetation pallets were placed in parallel on the pier placed in multiple stages on the sloped roof surface along the slope direction and in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the slope direction to cover the entire sloped roof. The sloped roof which can be greened according to claim 1 or 2.

4. A greening plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the vegetation pallet has a stop for placing the vegetation pallet on a pier along the other end of the end having the vegetation base stop. Possible sloping roof.

The substrate having the vegetation base stopper is provided in a multi-stage manner along the inclined direction on a pier mounted in a multi-stage manner such that the vegetation base stopper is provided in a lateral direction perpendicular to the inclination direction. The greenable sloped roof according to claim 1, wherein the sloped roof is mounted and covered with the sloped roof.

6. The greenable inclined roof according to claim 5, wherein the engaging portion for stopping the vegetation base is a convex portion formed integrally with the substrate or a convex portion or an L-shaped portion formed separately on the substrate.

A watering device is installed on the top of the sloping roof so that water flows from the top of the sloping roof to between the vegetation pallet and the vegetation base placed on the vegetation pallet or between the board and the vegetation base placed on the board. The water flowing down from the top of the sloping roof is blocked and saturated by the rising portion for stopping the vegetation base of the vegetation pallet placed on the top of the sloping roof or the engaging portion for stopping the vegetation base of the substrate, and the saturated water is saturated. The vegetation base is constructed so that water can further flow down to a vegetation base placed thereunder over a vegetation base stopper rising part of a vegetation pallet or a vegetation base stopper engaging part of a substrate. A green roof that can be greened.