JP2004149271A

JP2004149271A - Crane

Info

Publication number: JP2004149271A
Application number: JP2002317146A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Katsunori Takashima; 克典高嶋
Original assignee: TAKASHIMA KENSETSU KOJI KK
Current assignee: TAKASHIMA KENSETSU KOJI KK
Priority date: 2002-10-31
Filing date: 2002-10-31
Publication date: 2004-05-27

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crane capable of lifting safely even an object having a large load and making a boom impossible to fall down ahead, in particular while it lies outside the safe region. <P>SOLUTION: The crane is composed of a body 10 and a placing table 20 formed in a gate shape from vertical frame parts 21 and a crosspiece 22 to couple together their tops, wherein the crosspiece 22 is installed on the table 20 in such a way that the elevating and sinking position can be changed. The crosspiece 22 is furnished with a placing frame 30 having a plate 32 borne by a horizontal shaft 31 parallel with the crosspiece 22 and inclined to an angle to suit the inclining angle when the tip of the boom 11 of the crane body is placed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブームを有したクレーンに関するもので、特に、ミニクローラクレーンに代表される、車両式（移動式）で小型なクレーンに適したクレーンに関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
近時、作業空間の狭い場所でも作業できる、自走式の小型クレーンが普及している。そして、特に、最近は狭い場所での建築、建設作業が増え、この種移動式の小型クレーンは、建設工事現場に置いて鉄筋籠やＨ鋼等の重量物の揚重の必要上、その載架能力が強化される傾向を有している。すなわち、小型ながら、吊上可能な最大荷重（以下、特に説明しない場合は、「吊上荷重」とは安全に吊り上げることの可能な荷重を意味するものとする。）が大きいもの、具体的には、吊上荷重７〜１０トン級のミニクローラクレーンが開発される傾向にある。
【０００３】
しかし、この種、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブームを有したクレーンにおいては、作業半径と吊上荷重との間には所定の関係を有し、ブームを伸ばしたり、ブームの傾斜角度を小さくして作業半径が増えると、吊上荷重は小さくなる。すなわち、クレーンのブームを伸ばすと、支点と作用点との距離が増え、吊上荷重は小さくなり、ブームを伏動させる（先端側を下降させる）と、同じ長さのブーム１１は同じく支点と作用点との距離が増えるので、吊上荷重は小さくなる。そして、設計上の吊上荷重が大きくなるほど、言い換えると実際に吊り上げている荷重が大きいほど、少しの作業半径の増大で、吊上荷重の減少が極端に現れ、移動式の小型クレーンでは転倒事故等の大きな原因となることが危惧されている。
【０００４】
上記吊上荷重の具体的な数値例では、現在、代表的な具体例での作業半径が２ｍで５ｔの重さの物（以下、荷物という）を安全に吊り上げられる設計であっても、作業半径が３ｍとなると２．７ｔの吊上荷重しか安全性が保証できない。そして、この際に、ブームの全長が８ｍであったとすると、該ブームの仰動角度が７０°で作業半径は２ｍであるが、該ブームの仰動角度を６０°とすると作業半径は３．５ｍ以上（吊上荷重は約２ｔ）となり、僅かなブームの角度変更で安全性が保証できなくなるという問題点を有している。そして、この吊上荷重を大きく設定し、作業半径が２ｍで９ｔの重さの荷物を吊り上げられる設計とすると、ブームの仰動角度を７０°から６０°に伏動すると吊上荷重は約３ｔに減少し、実際に吊り上げている荷物の荷重が大きいほど、少しの仰伏動角度の現象で吊上荷重の極端な低下が現れ、それだけ危険性が増大することになる。
【０００５】
また、最近は高架施設の下部での建築・建設等の要望も多く、高さが制限された作業スペース（作業空間制限高がある場所）内に、所定の荷重を有した荷物の吊り込み・搬入を行う要求が多くなっている。従って、このような作業空間制限高がある場所内に荷下ろしする場合は、ブーム１１を伏せた状態にまで伏動させることが要求される場合が有り、このような作業条件でのクレーンの使用は、危険な状態となり得るという問題点を有している。なお、ミニクローラクレーンは、所謂、足場の悪い場所にも進入可能であるという観念があり、足場の悪い場所での作業も多く、このような地盤が弱い場所では不意にクレーン本体が傾斜して、この傾斜が荷物を吊り下げている状態で生ずると荷重の集中が生じ、益々足場が不安定となってクレーン自体が転倒するという事故例が報告されている。
【０００６】
上記のような危険性を回避するため、特許文献１には、クレーンの各部位にその姿勢を検出するセンサーを設け、このセンサーで検出した測定値で、予め設定した動作規制値を超えると、アクチュエータの動作をコントローラで規制するものが開示されている。この種の、各部位の姿勢、あるいは荷重等をセンサーで検知して制御する方式は、安全性確保に極めて有益であることは無論であるが、前記したように、クレーンが設置された地盤が弱い場合は、なお、転倒の危険性が回避できないという問題点を有している。また、この種の安全装置は、安全性が確保できる吊下荷重の限度近くで作業する場合は、安全性優先のため作業不能となることが多く、作業性が極度に低下するという問題点を有している。
【０００７】
また、特許文献２には、同じくクレーンの転倒防止として、クレーン本体に移動式のアウトリガーを取り付け、このアウトリガーに旋回可能なレールを取り付け、さらに該レールにレール案内式の吊上機を設けたものが開示されている。このクレーンによれば、転倒防止の信頼性は高いものの、作業半径はレール長に限定され、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブームを有したクレーンには到底及ばない狭い作業範囲しか得られないという問題点を有している。また、この種、レール案内式の吊上機は、荷物を高低差を大きく搬送するには適さず、荷物の積み替えが必要となる場合が多い。例えば、通常のトラック等の搬送手段から直接荷下ろしをして、所定の搬入場所までこれを積み替えることなく搬送するといった使用には向かないという問題点を有している。すなわち、この従来例では、搬送されてきた荷物を、安全な場所で通常のクローラクレーン等で荷下ろししたものを、レール長の回動範囲内で移送するに適するもので、高低差の大きい移送用には適さないという課題を有している。
【０００８】
【特許文献１】
特開平７−１６５３９２号公報
【特許文献２】
特開平７−１６５３９０号公報（図１）
【０００９】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明は、上記の問題点に鑑みなされたもので、ミニクローラクレーン等の通常のクレーンを使用して、大きな荷重の荷物をも安全に吊り上げたり、吊り下げることができ、特に、安全作業範囲外においては、誤ってブームを伏動できないようになすクレーンを提供することを課題としたものである。また、本発明の別の課題としては、トラック等の一般の搬送装置から、高架施設下（作業空間制限高を有する場所）への荷物の吊り込み搬入等の、伏動角度を小さくせざるを得ない作業条件の場合でも、転倒の危険性の少ないクレーンを提供することを課題としたものである。
【００１０】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を達成するため、本発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、該クレーン本体１０のブーム１１の先端部を、地表又は床面の上方所定の高さに支承する載架台２０とからなる技術的手段を講じたものである。
【００１１】
それ故、本発明クレーンは、クレーン本体１０と載架台２０との距離、及び、該載架台２０の高さを所定に設定し、ブームの先端部は必ずこの載架台２０の上に下ろすようにすれば、荷物の吊り込時の作業半径は所定値に固定される作用を呈し、さらには、作用点と支点との距離が、支点を載荷台２０側に移動させて短縮する作用を呈し、作業半径を危険な状態にまで伸張してしまうような事故は確実に防止できる作用を呈するものである。
【００１２】
次に、請求項２の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、上記載架台２０は、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、該横桟部２２は縦枠部２１，２１に昇降位置変更可能に取り付け、さらに、上記横桟部２２上には、この横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設けてなる技術的手段を講じたものである。
【００１３】
それ故、本発明クレーンは、上記請求項１の作用に加え、横桟部２２を縦枠部２１，２１に昇降位置変更可能に取り付けたので、クレーン本体１０の進入位置と載架台２０の設置位置（荷下ろし位置）とが限定されている場合に際して、該横桟部２２の高さを調整することで、荷物の吊り込時の作業半径を安全な所定値に固定できる作用を呈する。
【００１４】
また、本発明クレーンは、横桟部２２には、該横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で支承され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設けてなるので、ブーム１１の先端部と載架体３０との接触部が面接触となり、大きな荷重にも抗する作用を呈するものである。
【００１５】
また、ブーム１１の先端部と載架体３０との接触部が面接触となると、両者間に所定の摩擦抵抗力が得られ、この摩擦抵抗力が載荷台２０をブーム１１で押し倒す力を低減するように作用するものである。
【００１６】
次に、請求項３の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、上記載架台２０は、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、該横桟部２２は縦枠部２１，２１に昇降位置変更可能に取り付け、上記横桟部２２上には、この横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設け、さらに、上記載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止立壁３４，３４を設けてなる技術的手段を講じたものである。
【００１７】
それ故、本発明クレーンは、前記請求項２の作用にさらに加えて、横桟部２２に垂直軸３３で載架体３０を支承したので、横桟部２２とブーム１１とが直交状態とならない場合も、載架板部３２を該垂直軸３３を回転中心軸として回動することで、前記と同様に、ブーム１１の先端部と載架体３０との接触部が面接触となすことができ、大きな荷重にも抗する作用を呈するものである。
【００１８】
また、本発明は、載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止立壁３４，３４を設けてなるので、ブーム１１が載架板部３２の上から脱落しないようになす作用を呈するものである。
【００１９】
次に、請求項４の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、上記載架台２０は、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、該横桟部２２は縦枠部２１，２１に昇降位置変更可能に取り付け、上記横桟部２２上には、垂直軸３３で回転可能に枢止されると共に、この横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１でも枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設け、上記載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止立壁３４，３４を設け、さらに、上記載架台２０は、その両縦枠部２１，２１の間隔を変更可能となした技術的手段を講じたものである。
【００２０】
それ故、本発明クレーンは、上記請求項３の作用にさらに加えて、両縦枠部２１，２１の間隔を変更可能となしたので、大型物の吊上、吊り込みにも適応できる作用をも呈するものである。
【００２１】
次に、請求項５の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、該載架台２０は、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、この横桟部２２上には、該横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設け、この載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止体３４，３４を設け、ブーム１１の先端と、載架台２０のブーム脱落防止体３４，３４とを、軸１２で、該載架台２０の下部がブーム１１の基端側に接離方向に揺動できるように枢着してなる技術的手段を講じたものである。
【００２２】
それ故、本発明クレーンは、請求項１の作用に加え、載架台２０がクレーン本体１０と一体化し、ブーム１１の操作によって該載架台２０を立設することができる作用を呈するものである。また、該載架台２０はその上端部をブーム１１先端部に枢着してあるので、該載架台２０の上端部は半ば固定状態にあり、この載架台２０が荷重により倒れる方向への力を、受けにくくなる作用を呈するものである。
【００２３】
次ぎに、請求項６の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、該載架台２０は、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、この横桟部２２上には、該横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設け、この載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止体３４，３４を設け、ブーム１１の先端と、載架台２０のブーム脱落防止体３４，３４とを、軸１２で、該載架台２０の下部がブーム１１の基端側に接離方向に揺動できるように枢着し、この載架台２０の下面には車輪２８，２８，２８・・・を設けてなる技術的手段を講じたものである。
【００２４】
それ故、本発明クレーンは、前記請求項５の作用に加え、車輪２８，２８，２８・・・を設けたので、ブーム１１の先端を、水平移動することで荷物を安全に吊下げたまま、車輪２８，２８，２８・・・で載架台２０を移動でき、作業半径を、安全性を確保したまま延長できる作用を呈する。
【００２５】
次ぎに、請求項７の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、該載架台２０は、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、この横桟部２２上には、該横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設け、この載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止体３４，３４を設け、ブーム１１の先端と、載架台２０のブーム脱落防止体３４，３４とを、着脱可能な軸１２で、該載架台２０の下部がブーム１１の基端側に接離方向に揺動できるように枢着し、この載架台２０の下面には車輪２８，２８，２８・・・を設けてなる技術的手段を講じたものである。
【００２６】
それ故、本発明クレーンは、前記請求項５の作用に加え、ブーム１１で載荷台２０を所望の位置に設置した後、軸１２を外すことで、この載荷台２０の上にブーム１１を載せたり、該載荷台２０とは無関係にブーム１１を移動させたりすることができる作用を呈するものである。
【００２７】
次に、請求項８の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、該クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部を、地表又は床面の上方所定の高さに支承する載架台２０とからなり、上記ブーム１１の先端には、伸縮可能なジブ１５の基端部を連結してなる技術的手段を講じたものである。
【００２８】
それ故、本発明クレーンは、載荷台２０を使用しない状態ではジブ１５を最も縮退した状態で、該ジブ１５を含むブーム１１の長さが、作業可能範囲内になるように設定しておけば、ジブ１５を縮退した状態で、荷物の昇降及び移送が通常の状態で行える作用を呈するのは無論である。そして、載架台２０を、作業空間高さが制限された制限高さ以上に設定しておくと、ブーム１１の先端部を該載荷台２０の上に載せるまでは安全性が確保でき、さらに、この制限高さ内では、ブーム１１の先端部を該載荷台２０の上に載せてあるので、支点がこの載荷台２０となるので、ジブ１５の最大伸張長さ内での荷物の昇降及び移送が安全に行える作用を呈するものである。
【００２９】
次に、請求項９の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、該クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部を、地表又は床面の上方所定の高さに支承する載架台２０とからなり、上記ブーム１１の先端には、ジブ１５の基端部を縦軸１４で略左右方向回動可能に取り付けてなる技術的手段を講じたものである。
【００３０】
それ故、本発明クレーンは、ジブ１５を縦軸１４で一方に回動して、ブーム１１に対して折り返す状態とすると、作業可能半径を略ジブ１５の長さ分縮小でき、ブーム１１の先端部を該載荷台２０の上に載せた後に、該ジブ１５をブーム１１の先方側に回動させると、後に詳細に説明するように作業可能半径を該ジブ１５の長さ分拡大できる作用を呈するものである。
【００３１】
【実施例】
次に、本発明の実施例を、添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。図中、１０が、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体、２０が該クレーン本体１０のブーム１１の先端部を、地表又は床面の上方所定の高さに支承する載架台である。
【００３２】
上記クレーン本体１０は、図示例では、自走装置としてのクローラ１６を有した、ミニクローラクレーンを示しているが、その他、トラッククレーンや軌条上を移動するクレーン等の移動式のクレーン（ここでの、移動式のクレーンとは、通常、分解することなく、作業場所に移動できるものといった意味で、移動装置は必ずしも必須のものではない。）であってもよい。そして、該クレーン本体１０は、ブーム１１を設けてなるのは無論で、該ブーム１１は、図示例ではテレスコピック式に構成され、図では明示していない、該ブーム１１の伸縮手段を設けると共に、図では明示していない、該ブーム１１の仰伏動手段（通常油圧シリンダーが使用される。）を設けてなるのは従来と同じである。さらに、上記クレーン本体１０には、吊り下げ用のフック１７と、このフック１７を牽引ワイヤー１８で巻き上げ、又は、巻き戻すための、同じく図では明示していない、巻き上げ装置を設けてなるのも従来と同じである。なお、このブーム１１は、左右方向に回動できるようになしてもよいのは無論で、図示例では、クローラ１６を含む走行機構部に、ブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０を、縦軸を回転中心軸として回転可能に取り付け、ブーム１１はクレーン本体１０と共に左右方向に回動できるようになしてある。
【００３３】
また、前記載架台２０は、ブーム１１の先端部を地表又は床面の上方所定の高さに支承するもので、所定の高さの台（通常、自立できるもの）が使用される。図示例の載架台２０は、図３に最も明らかに示すように、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで門型に構成されてなるが、ブーム１１の先端部をその上に載せることで、該ブーム１１の先端部位を地表又は床面の上方所定の高さに支承するものであれば、単なる一本の柱体で構成しても差し支えないが、通常は、それ自体で自立でき、多少の外力が加わっても転倒しないものが望ましい。
【００３４】
上記載荷台２０を自立させるのには、通常、転倒防止用機構が設けられる。該転倒防止用機は、図１乃至図４に示す実施例では、所定の面積を有したソリ板２３の上に、上記縦枠部２１を一体的に立設して固定してある。このソリ板２３は、図からは必ずしも明らかではないが、周縁部位が上方に反りあがった強固な鉄板等が使用でき、載架台２０を地表面等の上に自立可能となすと共に、地表等を滑らせて移動もできるようになしてある。なお、この載荷台２０の移動は、図１０実施例の場合は別にして、従来法で行えばよいのは無論であるが、この載荷台２０はクレーン本体１０と一緒に使用するものであるから、このクレーン１０で吊り上げ、移送できるように、頂部等に該クレーン１０のフック１７を掛けるための吊り下げ用の環（図示せず）を予め取り付けておくとよい。
【００３５】
なお、図５例の転倒防止用機構は、上記ソリ板２３に代え、足場板２４を使用したもので、この足場板２４は長方形の板材２４ａの中央下部に軸２４ｂ（図奥手前方向を向く水平な軸２４ｂ）で枢止された接地具２４ｃを設け、この接地具２４ｃの両側部位（該接地具２４ｃを中央にして、板材２４ａの長手方向に両側）には、ボルト部２４ｅとナット２４ｆ部との螺合位置を変更することで、該板材２４ａの下方に突出する量を変更可能にした昇降接地具２４ｄ，２４ｄを設けてなり、図５の左右方向が上下一方側に傾斜した場所に設置しても板材２４ａを水平に保った状態で固定（地表等に設置）することもできるようになしてある。なお、該昇降接地具２４ｄ，２４ｄも、前記軸２４ｂと平行な軸２４ｇ，２４ｇで枢着・連結するようになしてある。
【００３６】
なお、上記板材２４ａには、水平軸２１ｃによって縦枠部２１の下部を枢着連結してなり、この縦枠部２１は上端側が図５の奥手前方向に揺動可能となしてある。この揺動は、図４に最も明らかに示すように、両縦枠部２１，２１を、その上端側を軸４０で枢着して、下部側の間隔を変更可能にした場合において、接地面が面接触できるようになしたもので、この水平軸２１ｃは、次の図６例でも、同じである。
【００３７】
また、図６例の転倒防止用機構は、前記ソリ板２３に代えて、自走式台２５を使用したもので、板部材２５ａの下面側に、小型のクローラ２５ｂを有して自走可能となし、このクローラ２５ｂの両側に駆動機構２５ｆ，２５ｆで昇降する昇降接地具２５ｄ，２５ｄを設けてなる。なお、このクローラ２５ｂを、図示しない、通常の車輪に代えて、他走式（駆動源を設けて、自走式としても、無論差し支えない。）となしてもよい。
【００３８】
なお、上記昇降接地具２５ｄ，２５ｄは駆動機構２５ｆ，２５ｆの駆動軸（図示せず）の下端に軸２５ｇ，２５ｇで枢着されているのは前記図５例と同じであるが、この昇降接地具２５ｄ，２５ｄは、クローラ２５ｂで走行する場合は駆動機構２５ｆ，２５ｆで上昇させて、その下面が接地しないようになすのは無論である。
【００３９】
また、図７例の転倒防止用機構は、接地間隔変更台２６を使用したもので、台部レール２６ａに転車２６ｈ，２６ｈが、該台部レール２６ａに案内されて移動可能に配されている。そして、この転車２６ｈ，２６ｈは摺動接地具２６ｄ，２６ｄを軸２６ｇで夫々枢着してある。さらに、この両摺動接地具２６ｄ，２６ｄはハンドル２６ｂで回転する螺旋棒２６ｃに螺合して昇降方向に螺進退するナット２６ｅにリンク２６ｆ，２６ｆで連結され、該ハンドル２６ｂの回転で両摺動接地具２６ｄ，２６ｄの間隔を調整可能となしてある。これら、図５乃至図７に示すソリ板２３、自走式台２５、接地間隔変更台２６は、載架台２０の自立を補助するもので、必要に応じて設ければよく、図示例とは異なる、従来公知なその他の自立補助機構を利用しても無論差し支えない。
【００４０】
従って、本発明クレーンでは、クレーン本体１０から所定の高さの載架台２０を所定の距離離して設置しておき、荷物の吊り込みに際しては、ブーム１１の先端部を必ず該載架台２０の上に載せて作業するようになしておくことで、不用意にブーム１１を伏動しすぎて作業半径が許容値以上となることが防止できるクレーンを提供できるものである。特に、ブーム１１を伏動しないと、荷物のつり込みができない場合は、オペレータの熟練に頼るところが大きく、荷重の大きさと微妙な仰動角度の変更で危険を伴う作業になりかねないが、本発明のクレーンでは、ブーム１１が安全性を確保される伏動角度で、載荷台２０で該ブーム１１が支承されるので、作業者も安心して使用できるクレーンを提供できるものである。
【００４１】
次に、請求項２の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなる。クレーン本体１０と、載架台２０とからなる。すなわち、本発明は、請求項１の載架台２０を門型に構成したもので、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成され、両縦枠部２１，２１の間、及びその前方で荷物の昇降作業を行うようになしたものである。
【００４２】
そして、上記載架台２０は、その横桟部２２を昇降位置変更可能に取り付け、この横桟部２２には、該横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で支承され、クレーン本体１０のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設けてなる。載架台２０に横桟部２２を昇降位置変更可能に取り付けるには、前記した一対の縦枠部２１，２１を、外縦枠部２１ａとこの外縦枠部２１ａ内に抜き差さし可能に設けた内縦枠部２１ｂとでテレスコピック構造となし、内縦枠部２１ｂ，２１ｂの上端間を横桟部２２で連結するようになせばよい。
【００４３】
そして、図２に最も明らかに示すように、上記外縦枠部２１ａにはピン挿通孔２７ｂを設け、内縦枠部２１ｂには上下方向に所定間隔でピン挿通孔２７ａ，２７ａ，２７ａ・・・を設け、ピン挿通孔２７ｂ，２７ａとに、ピン２７（図３参照）を差し込むことで相互を連結するようになしてあるが、内縦枠部２１ｂ，２１ｂの昇降手段（例えば、図示していないが、ワイヤーやシリンダー等）を設けて、該内縦枠部２１ｂ，２１ｂを昇降可能とすると共に、その適宜昇降位置で該内縦枠部２１ｂ，２１ｂの昇降を制限するストッパー（安全装置）を設けてもよいものである。
【００４４】
上記横桟部２２を昇降位置変更可能に取り付けることで、ブーム１１の先端側の下降位置を所望の高さに設定できることになるが、一般的に、このブーム１１は図１に示すようにその先端側（図１右側）が上昇するように傾斜した状態で作業される。従って、この状態で横桟部２２の上にブーム１１を載せると、該横桟部２２が断面方形の鋼材であるとして、この鋼材に傾斜して接触する同じく断面方形のブーム１１の先端部との接触は、線接触となり、荷重がこの狭い線接触部位に集中して、ブーム１１又は載架台２０の損傷の原因となるし、載架台２０を押し倒す（図１の載荷台２０の、上部を右側に倒す）ような外力を与えることになる。
【００４５】
そこで、本発明では、横桟部２２上に前記載架体３０を設けてなる。この載架体３０は、横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１（図２及び図３参照）で枢止され、クレーン本体１０のブーム１１の先端部がその上に載置されると、その傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有してなり、ブーム１１との接触部が面接触となるようになしてある。横桟部２２の上に、図３及び図４に最も明らかに示すように、一対の縦アーム板を所定距離離して立設した下部支承台３５を設け、該縦アーム板間に水平軸３１を架設した状態に配し、また、上記載荷板部３２の両端には下方に伸びた一対の平行縦アーム板を設けて上部支承台３６となし、この上部支承台３６の縦アーム板の下部を前記水平軸３１に共に枢着してなる。
【００４６】
従って、この載架体３０を設けることで、接触部位の損傷のおそれが低減できることになる。また、この載架板部３２の上面側に、ゴム等のクッション板等を貼付することで、接触部に緩衝作用が生じてより損傷の心配を低減できるものである。さらに、この載架板部３２はブーム１１との接触面積を増やすことで摩擦力が増し、摩擦抵抗力によって、載架台２０を押し倒す方向の外力を低減し、前記載架板部３２の上面側に貼付したゴム等のクッション板で、より摩擦力が大きくなり、荷重のベクトルをより載架台２０の鉛直下方側に向けることができるものである。
【００４７】
次に、請求項３の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、上記載架台２０は、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、該横桟部２２は縦枠部２１，２１に昇降位置変更可能に取り付け、上記横桟部２２上には、この横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設けてなるのは請求項２と同じ構成である。
【００４８】
そして、本発明は、上記載架体３０を、さらに、横桟部２２に垂直軸３３で回転可能に枢止し、載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止立壁３４，３４を設けてなる。すなわち、本発明では、上方から見て横桟部２２にブーム１１が略直交方向に交わるようにして使用することを原則とするが、作業場所によっては載架台２０をそのような場所に設置できないことも想定される。そこで、そのような場合も対処可能となすため、横桟部２２に回転自在に立設した垂直軸３３の頂端に、前記した下部支承台３５を連設して、載架体３０を該垂直軸３３（図２及び図３参照）でも回転可能となして、横桟部２２に対してブーム１１が所定の角度で交わるようにして乗る場合も、該載架体３０を、この垂直軸３３を中心軸として回すことで対処可能となしたものである。
【００４９】
なお、上記載架体３０を垂直軸３３を中心軸として回動可能とすると、該載架体３０が不意に回動して、載せた又は載せようとしたブーム１１が、うまく乗らなかったり、脱落しないとも限らない。そこで、載架板部３２の両端にブーム脱落防止立壁３４，３４を設けて、載架体３０上に確実にブーム１１が乗ったことが確認でき、ブーム１１のずれ落ちも防止できるようになしたものである。なお、このブーム脱落防止立壁３４，３４の間隔は、ブーム１１の幅に対して相当に大きく設定しておくことで、ブーム１１が両ブーム脱落防止立壁３４，３４の間に載り易いようになし、さらに、載せたブーム１１を左右に少し揺動させ、ブーム１１を両ブーム脱落防止立壁３４，３４に衝合させることで該ブーム１１の平面回動角度に適合した角度に、該載荷台３０の垂直軸３３を回転中心軸とする回動角度を適合することができるものである。
【００５０】
次に、請求項４の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、上記載架台２０は、縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、該横桟部２２は縦枠部２１，２１に昇降位置変更可能に取り付け、上記横桟部２２上には、この横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設け、この載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止体３４，３４を設けてなるのは前記請求項３の構成と同じである。
【００５１】
そして、本発明は、さらに、上記載架台２０は、その両縦枠部２１，２１の間隔を変更可能となしたものである。クレーン本体１０で昇降する荷物は、大小様々で、さらには、吊り下げた荷物の下方に運搬車両を乗り入れることも想定できる。そこで、載架台２０の縦枠部２１，２１の間隔は広く設定しておくことが望ましいが、あまりに大型化するとコストが高くなると共に取り扱いも不便となる。そこで、本発明は載架台２０の両縦枠部２１，２１の間隔を変更可能となしたものである。
【００５２】
図４例では、両縦枠部２１，２１はその上端を横桟部２２の両端部に夫々軸４０で枢着して取り付け、この縦枠部２１，２１の上端より多少下がった部位には一定距離昇降可能となしたナット部４１，４１を設けてある。このナット部４１は、縦枠部２１に設けた縦方向の溝４４に案内されて昇降可能に配したスライダ４５に連設される。そして、このナット部４１，４１に螺合する螺進退螺子棒４２を設けて、さらに、該螺進退螺子棒４２の駆動装置４３を設けてなり、該ナット部４１が両縦枠部２１，２１の外側に向かって螺進すると、同図左側に破線で示すように、縦枠部２１の下部側が外側に向かって移動し、両縦枠部２１，２１の下部の間隔が広がるようになしてある。
【００５３】
なお、縦枠部２１，２１の間隔を変更可能となすには、上記機構に限定されるものではなく、縦枠部２１，２１が平行状態を保ったまま間隔を変更しても無論差し支えなく、間隔の変更は、両縦枠部２１，２１と横桟部２２とを、手作業で組み立てるように構成したり、図４に示したような螺旋棒４２の他、油圧シリンダー等の駆動装置で縦枠２１，２１が機械式に平行移動するようになしてもよいものである。
【００５４】
また、図４例のように、縦枠部２１の下部側を外側に向かって開くようになすと、縦枠部２１の傾斜角度の変更に伴い、ソリ板２３も角度が変更され、底面の全面が接地できなくなる。そこで、該ソリ板２３を、図４に示す、軸２１ｃで枢着し、縦枠部２１を傾斜させてもソリ板２３は常に水平状態を保てるようにするとよい。
【００５５】
次に、請求項５の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、該載架台２０は、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、この横桟部２２上には、該横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設け、この載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止体３４，３４を設け、ブーム１１の先端と、載架台２０のブーム脱落防止体３４，３４とを、軸１２で、該載架台２０の下部がブーム１１の基端側に接離方向に揺動できるように枢着してなる。すなわち、本発明は載架台２０をブーム１１の先端部位に図８に示すように、軸１２で枢着したものである。なお、該載架台２０は高さ調整可能なものを使用することが望ましい。そして、この載架台２０は、不使用時は高さを最も低くして、該載架台２０の下部とブーム１１の適所又はクレーン本体１０との間に牽引ワイヤー１９等を配して、ブーム１１と載荷台２０とが略二つ折り状になって図８に破線で示すように収納されるようになし、使用時は、ブーム１１を伸張させると共に、該牽引ワイヤー１９を巻き戻して該載荷台２０を図８に示すように直立させるようになせばよい。
【００５６】
本発明は、ブーム１１の先端に上記載荷台２０を枢着した状態で、荷物をも吊下げて使用する。従って、ブーム１１を伏動させた場合、ブーム１１の先端はこの載荷台２０の高さ以下にはならないので、安全性が確保できるものである。また、本発明は、載荷台２０の上端部がブーム１１の先端部に軸１２で枢止されているので、該載荷台２０の下端が接地されて固定されている限り、ブーム１１が伸縮してその長さを変えたり、該ブーム１１が左右に振れない限り、載荷台２０が倒れようとする力は加わらず、該載荷台２０の構成は転倒防止の構成が大幅に簡略化でき、軽量化も可能であるので、クレーン本体１０に一体的に該載荷台２０を連結しておくことも可能となるものである。
【００５７】
次に、請求項６の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、該載架台２０は、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、この横桟部２２上には、該横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設け、この載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止体３４，３４を設け、ブーム１１の先端と、載架台２０のブーム脱落防止体３４，３４とを、軸１２で、該載架台２０の下部がブーム１１の基端側に接離方向に揺動できるように枢着し、この載架台２０の下面には車輪２８，２８，２８・・・を設けてなる。すなわち、本発明は、前記請求項５の構成に車輪２８，２８，２８・・・を付加したもので、この車輪２８，２８，２８・・・によって載架台２０を移動できるようになしている。
【００５８】
本発明において、載架台２０を移動可能となす使用例は、該載架台２０を、その設置位置にまで移動させる場合と、荷物を吊り下げた状態で搬送場所まで荷物と共に載架台２０を移動させる場合とが想定でき。本実施例、及び前記請求項５の使用例では、主に、後者の使用法で使用され、載架台２０はブーム１１と常に連結されて使用されるが、載架台２０を所定の位置に固定したら、前記軸１２を外して、載架体３０にブーム１１の先端を乗せるようにして使用するようになしても無論差し支えない。
【００５９】
なお、上記車輪２８，２８，２８・・・は、ハンドル２８ａを回動することで下端に各車輪２８の車軸を連結した螺子棒２８ｂが螺進退で昇降し、該車輪２８を載架台２０の下面に出没可能となし、固定位置に固定する場合は、該車輪２８，２８，２８・・・を上昇させて、載架台２０の下面が直接接地するようになしてある。また、この車輪２８，２８，２８・・・の昇降は、適宜駆動源を使用して自動的に行ってもよいのは無論である。
【００６０】
次に、請求項７の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、門型に構成された載架台２０とからなり、該載架台２０は、一対の縦枠部２１，２１と、該縦枠部２１，２１の上端を連結する横桟部２２とで構成し、この横桟部２２上には、該横桟部２２と平行な水平軸３１で枢止され、クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部が載置されるとその傾斜角度に適合する角度に傾斜する載架板部３２を有した載架体３０を設け、この載架板部３２の両端には上方に突出したブーム脱落防止体３４，３４を設け、ブーム１１の先端と、載架台２０のブーム脱落防止体３４，３４とを、着脱可能な軸１２で、該載架台２０の下部がブーム１１の基端側に接離方向に揺動できるように枢着し、この載架台２０の下面には車輪２８，２８，２８・・・を設けてなる。すなわち、本発明は請求項６の構成の軸１２を、着脱可能となしたもので、この着脱は、手動又はソレノイドや油圧モータ等による遠隔操作等従来公知な手段を利用できるものである。
【００６１】
本発明は前記した、載架台２０を所定の位置に固定して、その後軸１２を外して、ブーム１１と載架台２０との連結を外して使用する目的で主として利用されるもので、ブーム１１で載架台２０を所定の位置に搬入したら、前記車輪２８，２８，２８・・・を上昇させ、該載荷台２０を移動不能とし、軸１２を外し、以後、該載架台２０をその場所に残して、ブーム１１をこの載荷台２０とは別体として使用するようになしてある。
【００６２】
次に、請求項８の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、該クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部を、地表又は床面の上方所定の高さに支承する載架台２０とからなり、上記ブーム１１の先端には、伸縮可能なジブ１５の基端部を連結してなるものである。通常、ブーム１１の先端に連設するジブ１５は、主に、軽量物の吊り下げ等の補助作業に使用されるため、強度はさほど要求されず、長さも限定されているが、本発明では本作業用に使用することを目的とし、充分な強度を有するように設定され、従来は危険性が大きいため全長が短く設定されていたものを、あえて、該ジブ１５を伸縮可能となし、搬送距離が長距離得られるようになしてある。
【００６３】
すなわち、本発明は載架台２０を使用したため、ジブ１５を該載荷台２０と共に使用する場合は、ジブ１５の固定端（支点）は、該載荷台２０（載架台２０付近）となり、従来のジブ１５の支点がブーム１１の基端部であったことに対して、支点が大幅に作用点側に移動することになる。したがって、この使用条件（ジブ１５の支点が前進したこと）では、ジブ１５で重量物を長距離搬送しても安全性が確保できることになり、図９に破線で示すように、ジブ１５の先端フック１７を高架施設Ｈの下方にまで進入させて作業することができることになる。
【００６４】
すなわち、図９に示す距離Ｌ１は、クレーン本体１０の安全な作業範囲を超えているが、ジブ１５はその基端固定部位が載架台２０部位にあるので、実際の作業半径はＬ２となり、ジブ１５はＬ２の長さに抗する強度を有したものであれば全く心配なく、荷物の昇降が可能となる。そして、該ジブ１５を、図９に実線で示す位置まで縮退し、該ジブ１５の先端が高架施設Ｈの下方から外れた位置に出た状態で、ブーム１１とジブ１５との全長Ｌ３がクレーン１０にとっての安全作業半径となるように設定しておけば、そのまま、ブーム１１での作業（吊り下げた荷物の搬送等）に切り換えることができるものである。なお、この際に、載架台２０は設置場所に残して作業するが、請求項５乃至請求項７の載架台２０を使用した場合は、該載架台２０を、ブーム１１と共に移動しても差し支えない。なお、図９の符号１３は、ジブ１５の仰伏動用水平軸、１４は、該ジブ１５を略左右方向に回動する垂直軸、１５ａはジブ１５を左右方向に回動する駆動装置で，これらは必要に応じて設ければよい。
【００６５】
次に、請求項９の発明は、伸縮と仰伏動とが可能なブーム１１を有したクレーン本体１０と、該クレーン本体のブーム１１の先端部を、地表又は床面の上方所定の高さに支承する載架台２０とからなり、上記ブーム１１の先端には、ジブ１５の基端部を縦軸１４で略左右方向回動可能に取り付けてなる。すなわち、本発明は前記請求項８のジブ１５を縦軸１４でも枢着したものである。なお、該ジブ１５は水平軸１３で仰伏動可能に枢着してもよく、さらには伸縮可能なものを使用してもよいものである。
【００６６】
そして、該ジブ１５を縦軸１４を回転中心軸として回動する油圧モータ等の駆動装置１５ａが設けられ、ブーム１１の先端からジブ１５が、図１０に実線で示すように、さらに前方に延設される状態から、ブーム１１の先端からジブ１５が同図に破線で示すように折り返す状態になすことができるようになしてある。
【００６７】
従って、本発明では、図１０に示した状態で、高架施設Ｈの下方での作業が、ジブ１５で行えるのは請求項８と同じである。そして、ジブ１５で吊り下げた荷物を、そのままブーム１１で移送する場合は、先ず、ジブ１５を縦軸１４によって、図１０に破線で示すように、該縦軸１４を中心軸として図示状態から破線で示すように該ジブ１５を略１８０°回動しておく。すると、ジブ１５は高架施設Ｈの下方よりは外側に出ると共に、作業半径Ｌ５はＬ６−Ｌ４となり、元来安全なクレーン本体１０の作業半径Ｌ６より略ジブ１５の長さ分を差し引くことができ、ブーム１１で安全に荷物の吊り下げ・移送ができるものである。そして、該荷物を高架施設Ｈの下方に搬入するには、ジブ１５を同図破線の位置から実線の位置にまでか移動する。そして、この際に距離Ｌ３が、リフトの安全作業半径Ｌ６を超えても、荷物の荷重に対する支点は載荷台２０の位置にあるので、安全性は確保できるものである。
【００６８】
【発明の効果】
請求項１乃至請求項９の発明によれば、ブーム１１を伏動した際、その先端が載荷台２０によって所定の高さに支承されるので、転倒の危険性がないクレーンを提供できるものである。また、載荷台２０を使用しない場合は無論、従前の一般的なクレーンとして使用できるクレーンを提供できるものである。
【００６９】
また、本発明は、ブーム１１の先端を載荷台２０の上に載せると、荷物の荷重に対する支点がこの載荷台２０の頂部位置に移るため、大きな荷重を揚重でき、特に、請求項８及び請求項９の発明によれば、この載荷台２０より先方まで安全な作業半径を延長できるクレーンを提供できるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明クレーンの一実施例を示す正面図である。
【図２】本発明に使用される載架台の一実施例正面図である。
【図３】図２の載架台の正面図である。
【図４】別の実施例での載架台の正面図である。
【図５】載架台を自立するための下部機構の一実施例正面図である。
【図６】載架台を自立するための下部機構の別の実施例正面図である。
【図７】載架台を自立するための下部機構のさらに別の実施例正面図である。
【図８】本発明の別の実施例を示す正面図である。
【図９】本発明の他のさらに別の実施例を示す正面図である。
【図１０】本発明の他のさらに別の実施例を示す正面図である。
【符号の説明】
１０クレーン本体
１１ブーム
１２軸
１４縦軸
１５ジブ
２０載架台
２１縦枠部
２２横桟部
３０載架体
３１水平軸
３２載架板部
３３垂直軸
３４ブーム脱落防止体[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a crane having a boom capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering, and more particularly to a crane suitable for a vehicle-type (movable) small crane represented by a mini crawler crane. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Recently, self-propelled small cranes that can work even in a narrow work space have become widespread. In particular, construction and construction work has been increasing especially in narrow places recently, and this type of mobile small crane is required to lift heavy objects such as reinforced baskets and H steel at the construction work site. There is a tendency for framing capacity to be strengthened. That is, although the size is small, the maximum load that can be lifted (hereinafter, unless otherwise described, “the lifting load” means a load that can be safely lifted), specifically, Has a tendency to develop mini crawler cranes having a lifting load of 7 to 10 tons.
[0003]
However, in a crane having a boom capable of expanding and contracting and raising and lowering, this type of work has a predetermined relationship between the working radius and the lifting load. When the working radius is increased by making it smaller, the lifting load becomes smaller. That is, when the boom of the crane is extended, the distance between the fulcrum and the point of action is increased, the lifting load is reduced, and when the boom is tilted down (the tip side is lowered), the boom 11 having the same length becomes the same as the fulcrum. Since the distance to the point of action is increased, the lifting load is reduced. And, as the design lifting load increases, in other words, the actual lifting load increases, a slight increase in the working radius causes a drastic decrease in the lifting load, which causes a small mobile crane to fall. It is feared that it will be a major cause of such problems.
[0004]
In the above specific example of the lifting load, even if the design is such that the work radius of the representative specific example is 2 m and the weight of 5 t (hereinafter referred to as luggage) can be lifted safely, If the radius is 3 m, safety can only be guaranteed with a lifting load of 2.7 t. At this time, if the total length of the boom is 8 m, the working radius of the boom is 70 ° and the working radius is 2 m. If the working angle of the boom is 60 °, the working radius is 3. 5 m or more (the lifting load is about 2 t), and there is a problem that safety cannot be guaranteed by a slight change in the angle of the boom. If the lifting load is set to a large value and the work radius is 2 m and the load weighing 9 t is designed to be lifted, the lifting load is reduced to about 3 t when the boom angle is lowered from 70 ° to 60 °. As the load of the load being actually lifted increases, the phenomenon of a slight elevation angle causes an extreme drop in the lifting load, and the danger increases accordingly.
[0005]
In recent years, there have been many requests for construction and construction at the lower part of an elevated facility, and the hanging of luggage having a predetermined load in a work space with a limited height (a place with a work space limit height). The demand for carrying in is increasing. Therefore, when unloading the vehicle in a place having such a work space limit height, it may be required to move the boom 11 down to a prone state, and the use of the crane under such work conditions may be required. Has the problem that it can be dangerous. In addition, there is a notion that the mini crawler crane can enter a so-called poor scaffolding place, and there are many works in a poor scaffolding place. However, there have been reports of accidents in which, when this inclination occurs while the load is suspended, the load is concentrated, the scaffold becomes more and more unstable, and the crane itself falls.
[0006]
In order to avoid the danger as described above, Patent Document 1 provides a sensor for detecting the posture of each part of the crane, and when a measurement value detected by this sensor exceeds a preset operation regulation value, A device in which the operation of an actuator is regulated by a controller is disclosed. It is a matter of course that this type of system in which the position of each part or the load or the like is detected and controlled by a sensor is extremely useful for ensuring safety, but as described above, the ground on which the crane is installed If it is weak, there is still a problem that the danger of falling cannot be avoided. In addition, this type of safety device has a problem in that when working near the limit of the suspension load that can ensure safety, it is often impossible to work due to safety priority, and the workability is extremely reduced. Have.
[0007]
Further, in Patent Document 2, a movable outrigger is attached to the crane body, a swingable rail is attached to the outrigger, and a rail-guided lifting machine is further provided on the rail to prevent the crane from overturning. Is disclosed. According to this crane, although the fall prevention reliability is high, the working radius is limited to the rail length, so that a crane having a boom capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering can only obtain a narrow working range that is far from possible. There is a problem that. In addition, this type of rail-guided lifting machine is not suitable for transporting a load with a large difference in height, and often requires reloading of the load. For example, there is a problem that it is not suitable for unloading directly from a normal transporting means such as a truck and transporting the same to a predetermined carrying-in place without reloading. In other words, in this conventional example, the transported luggage, which is unloaded by a normal crawler crane or the like in a safe place, is suitable for being transported within the rotation range of the rail length. There is a problem that it is not suitable for use.
[0008]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-165392
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-7-165390 (FIG. 1)
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to use a normal crane such as a mini crawler crane to safely lift or hang even a heavy load. It is an object of the present invention to provide a crane that prevents a boom from falling down accidentally outside a working range. Another object of the present invention is to reduce the tilt angle, such as hanging and carrying luggage from a general transport device such as a truck to a place under an elevated facility (a place having a work space limit height). It is an object of the present invention to provide a crane which has a low risk of falling even when working conditions are not available.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a crane body 10 having a boom 11 capable of expanding and contracting and raising and lowering, and a tip end of the boom 11 of the crane body 10 is provided at a predetermined position above the ground or floor. A technical measure comprising a mounting base 20 supported at a height is taken.
[0011]
Therefore, in the crane of the present invention, the distance between the crane main body 10 and the mounting platform 20 and the height of the mounting platform 20 are set to predetermined values, and the tip of the boom is always lowered onto the mounting platform 20. In this case, the working radius at the time of hanging the load exhibits an effect of being fixed to a predetermined value, and further, the distance between the application point and the fulcrum is reduced by moving the fulcrum to the loading platform 20 side, An accident in which the working radius is extended to a dangerous state can be reliably prevented.
[0012]
Next, the invention of claim 2 comprises a crane body 10 having a boom 11 capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering, and a mounting platform 20 configured in a gate shape. It comprises vertical frame portions 21 and 21 and a horizontal rail 22 connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame portions 21 and 21, and the horizontal rail 22 is attached to the vertical frame portions 21 and 21 so that the vertical position can be changed. The crane body 22 is pivoted on the horizontal rail 22 by a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal rail 22. When the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is placed, the crane tilts to an angle suitable for the tilt angle. This is a technical measure in which a mounting body 30 having a mounting plate portion 32 is provided.
[0013]
Therefore, according to the crane of the present invention, in addition to the operation of the above-mentioned claim 1, the horizontal rail 22 is attached to the vertical frame portions 21 and 21 so that the vertical position can be changed. When the position (unloading position) is limited, by adjusting the height of the horizontal rail 22, there is an effect that the working radius at the time of hanging the load can be fixed to a safe predetermined value.
[0014]
The crane of the present invention is supported on the horizontal rail 22 by a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal rail 22. When the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is placed, the crane angle is adjusted to the inclination angle. Is provided with a mounting body 30 having a mounting plate part 32 inclined at a predetermined angle, so that the contact portion between the tip end of the boom 11 and the mounting body 30 comes into surface contact, and exhibits an effect of withstanding a large load. It is.
[0015]
Further, when the contact portion between the tip of the boom 11 and the mounting body 30 comes into surface contact, a predetermined frictional resistance is obtained between the two, and this frictional resistance reduces the force of pushing down the loading table 20 with the boom 11. It acts to do.
[0016]
Next, the invention according to claim 3 comprises a crane main body 10 having a boom 11 capable of expansion and contraction and up-and-down movement, and a mounting platform 20 configured in a gate shape. The vertical frame parts 21 and 21 and the horizontal rail part 22 which connects the upper ends of the vertical frame parts 21 and 21 are connected, and the horizontal rail part 22 is attached to the vertical frame parts 21 and 21 so that the vertical position can be changed. On the horizontal beam 22, the mounting is pivoted by a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal beam 22, and is inclined at an angle suitable for the angle of inclination when the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is placed. A mounting means 30 having a plate portion 32 is provided, and furthermore, technical means is provided in which both ends of the mounting plate portion 32 are provided with boom fall prevention standing walls 34 protruding upward.
[0017]
Therefore, in the crane of the present invention, in addition to the effect of the second aspect, the mounting body 30 is supported by the vertical shaft 33 on the horizontal beam portion 22, so that the horizontal beam portion 22 and the boom 11 do not become orthogonal to each other. Also in this case, by rotating the mounting plate portion 32 about the vertical axis 33 as the rotation center axis, the contact portion between the distal end portion of the boom 11 and the mounting body 30 can make surface contact as described above. It is possible to exhibit an action against large loads.
[0018]
Further, according to the present invention, since the boom falling prevention vertical walls 34, 34 protruding upward are provided at both ends of the mounting plate portion 32, an operation of preventing the boom 11 from falling off from the mounting plate portion 32 is provided. To present.
[0019]
Next, the invention of claim 4 comprises a crane main body 10 having a boom 11 capable of expansion and contraction and up-and-down movement, and a mounting platform 20 configured in a gate shape. The vertical frame parts 21 and 21 and the horizontal rail part 22 which connects the upper ends of the vertical frame parts 21 and 21 are connected, and the horizontal rail part 22 is attached to the vertical frame parts 21 and 21 so that the vertical position can be changed. On the horizontal rail 22, it is rotatably pivoted on a vertical shaft 33 and also on a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal rail 22, and the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is placed thereon. And a mounting body 30 having a mounting plate portion 32 inclined at an angle suitable for the inclination angle thereof, and boom falling prevention walls 34, 34 protruding upward provided at both ends of the mounting plate portion 32, Furthermore, the above-mentioned gantry 20 is a technical hand that can change the interval between the two vertical frame portions 21 and 21. Those that took.
[0020]
Therefore, the crane of the present invention can change the distance between the two vertical frame portions 21 and 21 in addition to the effect of the third aspect, so that the crane can be applied to lifting and hanging of a large object. It also presents.
[0021]
Next, the invention of claim 5 comprises a crane main body 10 having a boom 11 capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering, and a gantry-shaped gantry 20. The gantry 20 comprises a pair of It comprises vertical frame parts 21 and 21 and a horizontal rail 22 connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame parts 21 and 21, and a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal rail 22 is provided on the horizontal rail 22. When the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is mounted and pivoted, a mounting body 30 having a mounting plate portion 32 inclined at an angle suitable for the inclination angle is provided. At both ends, boom drop-off prevention members 34, 34 protruding upward are provided, and the tip of the boom 11 and the boom drop-off prevention members 34, 34 of the mounting base 20 are connected by the shaft 12, and the lower part of the mounting base 20 is boom 11 A technical means is provided which is pivotally attached to the base end side of the base so as to be able to swing in the direction of contact and separation.
[0022]
Therefore, the crane of the present invention has an effect that, in addition to the operation of the first aspect, the mounting base 20 is integrated with the crane main body 10 and the mounting base 20 can be erected by operating the boom 11. Since the upper end of the mounting base 20 is pivotally connected to the tip of the boom 11, the upper end of the mounting base 20 is in a semi-fixed state, and a force in a direction in which the mounting base 20 falls down due to a load is applied. , Which has an effect of being hardly received.
[0023]
Next, the invention of claim 6 comprises a crane main body 10 having a boom 11 capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering, and a mounting platform 20 configured in a gate shape. It comprises vertical frame parts 21 and 21 and a horizontal rail 22 connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame parts 21 and 21, and a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal rail 22 is provided on the horizontal rail 22. When the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is mounted and pivoted, a mounting body 30 having a mounting plate portion 32 inclined at an angle suitable for the inclination angle is provided. At both ends, boom drop-off prevention members 34, 34 protruding upward are provided, and the tip of the boom 11 and the boom drop-off prevention members 34, 34 of the mounting base 20 are connected by the shaft 12, and the lower part of the mounting base 20 is boom 11 The mounting base 20 has wheels 28, 28 on its lower surface so that it can swing in the direction of contact and separation. 28 is obtained by taking the technical means to be provided ....
[0024]
Therefore, the crane of the present invention is provided with the wheels 28, 28, 28,... In addition to the function of the above-mentioned claim 5, so that the luggage can be safely suspended by moving the tip of the boom 11 horizontally. , Wheels 28, 28, 28,..., And the work platform 20 can be moved, and the working radius can be extended while ensuring safety.
[0025]
Next, the invention of claim 7 comprises a crane body 10 having a boom 11 capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering, and a gantry-shaped mounting platform 20. It comprises vertical frame parts 21 and 21 and a horizontal rail 22 connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame parts 21 and 21, and a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal rail 22 is provided on the horizontal rail 22. When the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is mounted and pivoted, a mounting body 30 having a mounting plate portion 32 inclined at an angle suitable for the inclination angle is provided. At both ends, boom drop-off preventing members 34, 34 protruding upward are provided, and the tip of the boom 11 and the boom drop-off preventing members 34, 34 of the mounting base 20 are attached to the lower part of the mounting base 20 by the detachable shaft 12. Is pivotally connected to the base end of the boom 11 so as to be able to swing in the direction of contact and separation. It is those that take the technical means to be provided with a 8,28,28 ....
[0026]
Therefore, in the crane of the present invention, in addition to the operation of the above-described claim 5, after the loading platform 20 is installed at a desired position by the boom 11, the shaft 12 is removed, so that the boom 11 is placed on the loading platform 20. And the boom 11 can be moved independently of the loading platform 20.
[0027]
Next, according to the invention of claim 8, a crane main body 10 having a boom 11 capable of expanding and contracting and raising and lowering, and a tip end of the boom 11 of the crane main body are moved to a predetermined height above the ground or floor surface. The boom 11 is provided at the distal end thereof with technical means formed by connecting the base end of an extendable jib 15 to the base.
[0028]
Therefore, in the crane of the present invention, when the loading platform 20 is not used, the jib 15 is most retracted, and the length of the boom 11 including the jib 15 is set to be within the workable range. Needless to say, it is possible to perform the operation of lifting and lowering and transferring the luggage in a normal state with the jib 15 retracted. If the height of the work space 20 is set to be equal to or higher than the limited height, the safety can be ensured until the tip of the boom 11 is mounted on the load platform 20. Within this limited height, the leading end of the boom 11 is placed on the loading platform 20, so that the fulcrum is the loading platform 20, so that the luggage can be raised and lowered and transferred within the maximum extension length of the jib 15. Can be safely performed.
[0029]
Next, a ninth aspect of the present invention provides a crane body 10 having a boom 11 capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering, and a tip of the boom 11 of the crane body is moved to a predetermined height above the ground or floor surface. The boom 11 is provided with a supporting base 20. The boom 11 is provided with a technical means in which a base end of the jib 15 is attached to the distal end of the boom 11 so as to be rotatable substantially in the horizontal direction on the longitudinal axis 14.
[0030]
Therefore, the crane of the present invention can reduce the workable radius by approximately the length of the jib 15 by turning the jib 15 to one side on the longitudinal axis 14 and turning it back to the boom 11. When the jib 15 is rotated toward the front side of the boom 11 after the portion is placed on the loading platform 20, the workable radius can be increased by the length of the jib 15 as described later in detail. To present.
[0031]
【Example】
Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawing, reference numeral 10 denotes a crane main body having a boom 11 capable of extending and retracting, and a crane main body 20 supports the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body 10 at a predetermined height above the ground or floor. It is a mounting base.
[0032]
In the illustrated example, the crane body 10 is a mini-crawler crane having a crawler 16 as a self-propelled device, but may be a mobile crane such as a truck crane or a crane moving on a rail (here, a crane). However, the mobile crane may be a mobile crane, which means that the mobile crane can be moved to a work place without being disassembled. Needless to say, the crane main body 10 is provided with a boom 11, and the boom 11 is configured in a telescopic type in the illustrated example, and is provided with a telescopic means for the boom 11, not explicitly shown in the drawing. It is the same as the conventional art that the means for raising and lowering the boom 11 (usually a hydraulic cylinder is used) is provided, which is not shown in the drawing. Further, the crane body 10 may be provided with a hook 17 for suspension and a hoisting device (not shown in the drawing) for winding or unwinding the hook 17 with the pulling wire 18. Same as before. It is a matter of course that the boom 11 may be rotatable in the left-right direction. In the illustrated example, the crane body 10 having the boom 11 is attached to the traveling mechanism including the crawler 16, and the vertical axis is The boom 11 is rotatably mounted as a rotation center axis so that the boom 11 can rotate in the left-right direction together with the crane main body 10.
[0033]
The gantry 20 supports the distal end of the boom 11 at a predetermined height above the ground or floor, and a pedestal having a predetermined height (usually a stand-alone one) is used. As shown most clearly in FIG. 3, the mounting base 20 in the illustrated example is formed in a gate shape with a pair of vertical frame portions 21 and 21 and a horizontal beam portion 22 connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame portions 21 and 21. However, if the tip of the boom 11 is mounted on it to support the tip of the boom 11 at a predetermined height above the ground or floor, a single pillar is used. Although it may be configured, it is generally desirable that the device be able to stand by itself and not fall down even if some external force is applied.
[0034]
In order to make the above-mentioned loading platform 20 self-supporting, a mechanism for preventing overturning is usually provided. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the fall prevention machine has the vertical frame portion 21 erected integrally on a sled plate 23 having a predetermined area. The sled plate 23 is not necessarily clear from the drawing, but a rigid iron plate or the like whose peripheral portion is warped upward can be used, and the mounting base 20 can be self-standing on the ground surface or the like, and the ground surface or the like can be used. It can be slid and moved. It is needless to say that the loading platform 20 may be moved by a conventional method, apart from the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, but the loading platform 20 is used together with the crane body 10. Therefore, a hanging ring (not shown) for hooking the hook 17 of the crane 10 may be attached to the top or the like in advance so that the crane 10 can be lifted and transferred.
[0035]
The overturn prevention mechanism in the example of FIG. 5 uses a scaffold plate 24 instead of the sled plate 23. The scaffold plate 24 is provided at a lower center portion of a rectangular plate member 24a with a shaft 24b (facing in the rearward direction in the figure). A grounding tool 24c pivoted by a horizontal shaft 24b) is provided. Bolt portions 24e and nuts 24f are provided on both sides of the grounding tool 24c (on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the plate member 24a with the grounding tool 24c at the center). The lifting and lowering members 24d, 24d, which are capable of changing the amount of protrusion below the plate member 24a by changing the screwing position with the part, are provided. It is also possible to fix (install on the ground or the like) the plate member 24a while keeping it horizontal. The lifting and lowering tools 24d, 24d are also pivotally connected and connected by shafts 24g, 24g parallel to the shaft 24b.
[0036]
The lower portion of the vertical frame portion 21 is pivotally connected to the plate member 24a by a horizontal shaft 21c, and the upper end side of the vertical frame portion 21 is swingable in the rearward direction in FIG. As shown most clearly in FIG. 4, this swinging occurs when the vertical frame portions 21 and 21 are pivotally connected at their upper ends by a shaft 40 so that the interval between the lower portions can be changed. The horizontal shaft 21c is the same in the following example of FIG.
[0037]
The overturn prevention mechanism in the example of FIG. 6 uses a self-propelled table 25 in place of the sled plate 23, and has a small crawler 25b on the lower surface side of the plate member 25a and can be self-propelled. On the both sides of the crawler 25b, lifting and lowering grounding members 25d, 25d, which are raised and lowered by driving mechanisms 25f, 25f, are provided. In addition, this crawler 25b may be a non-illustrated, non-illustrated, traveling type (a self-propelled type provided with a drive source may be used), instead of a normal wheel.
[0038]
It is to be noted that the lifting / lowering grounding members 25d, 25d are pivotally attached to lower ends of driving shafts (not shown) of the driving mechanisms 25f, 25f by shafts 25g, 25g in the same manner as in the example of FIG. When traveling with the crawler 25b, the grounding members 25d, 25d are raised by the drive mechanisms 25f, 25f so that the lower surfaces thereof are not grounded.
[0039]
The overturn prevention mechanism in the example of FIG. 7 uses a grounding interval changing table 26, and wheels 26h, 26h are movably arranged on a base rail 26a while being guided by the base rail 26a. I have. The turning wheels 26h, 26h have sliding grounding members 26d, 26d pivotally connected to each other with a shaft 26g. Further, the two sliding grounding members 26d, 26d are screwed to a spiral rod 26c rotating by a handle 26b, and are connected to a nut 26e which advances and retreats in a vertical direction by links 26f, 26f. The distance between the moving grounding tools 26d, 26d can be adjusted. The sled board 23, the self-propelled table 25, and the grounding interval changing table 26 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 assist the stand 20 independence, and may be provided as needed. It is of course possible to use a different, other conventionally known self-supporting auxiliary mechanism.
[0040]
Therefore, in the crane of the present invention, the mounting platform 20 having a predetermined height is installed at a predetermined distance from the crane main body 10, and when the load is hung, the tip of the boom 11 must be placed on the mounting platform 20. It is possible to provide a crane that can prevent the boom 11 from inadvertently protruding excessively and causing the working radius to exceed an allowable value by performing the work with the work boom 11 placed on the crane. In particular, when luggage cannot be pulled in unless the boom 11 is tilted down, it is highly dependent on the skill of the operator, and the load and the subtle change in the elevation angle may be dangerous work. In the crane of the present invention, since the boom 11 is supported by the loading platform 20 at a tilting angle at which the boom 11 is secured in safety, it is possible to provide a crane that can be used safely by the operator.
[0041]
Next, the invention of claim 2 comprises a crane body 10 having a boom 11 capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering, and a gantry 20. It comprises a crane main body 10 and a mounting base 20. That is, in the present invention, the mounting table 20 of claim 1 is formed in a gate shape, and includes a pair of vertical frame portions 21 and 21 and a horizontal bar portion 22 connecting upper ends of the vertical frame portions 21 and 21. The luggage is lifted and lowered between the vertical frame portions 21 and 21 and in front thereof.
[0042]
The above-mentioned gantry 20 is mounted so that its horizontal rail 22 can be moved up and down. The horizontal rail 22 is supported by a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal rail 22 and the boom 11 of the crane body 10 The mounting body 30 having the mounting plate portion 32 that is inclined at an angle that matches the inclination angle when the leading end of the device is placed is provided. In order to attach the horizontal rail 22 to the mounting base 20 so that the vertical position can be changed, the pair of vertical frames 21 and 21 are provided so as to be able to be pulled out and inserted into the outer vertical frame 21a and the outer vertical frame 21a. The inner vertical frame portion 21b and the inner vertical frame portion 21b form a telescopic structure, and the upper ends of the inner vertical frame portions 21b, 21b may be connected by the horizontal rail 22.
[0043]
As shown most clearly in FIG. 2, the outer vertical frame portion 21a is provided with a pin insertion hole 27b, and the inner vertical frame portion 21b is provided with pin insertion holes 27a, 27a, 27a,. Is provided, and the pins 27 (see FIG. 3) are inserted into the pin insertion holes 27b, 27a to connect them to each other, but the means for raising and lowering the inner vertical frame portions 21b, 21b (for example, as shown in the figure) Although not shown, a stopper (safety device) is provided with a wire, a cylinder, or the like, which allows the inner vertical frame portions 21b, 21b to be lifted and lowered, and restricts the vertical movement of the inner vertical frame portions 21b, 21b at the appropriate lifting position. ) May be provided.
[0044]
By mounting the crosspiece 22 so that the vertical position can be changed, the lowering position on the distal end side of the boom 11 can be set to a desired height. Generally, the boom 11 is moved as shown in FIG. The work is performed in a state where the tip side (the right side in FIG. 1) is inclined so as to rise. Therefore, when the boom 11 is placed on the cross bar 22 in this state, the cross bar 22 is assumed to be a square steel member, and the tip of the boom 11 having the same rectangular cross section comes into contact with the steel member at an angle. Is a line contact, and the load concentrates on this narrow line contact portion, causing damage to the boom 11 or the mounting platform 20 and pushing down the mounting platform 20 (the upper portion of the loading platform 20 in FIG. (To the right).
[0045]
Therefore, in the present invention, the frame 30 described above is provided on the horizontal beam 22. The mounting body 30 is pivoted by a horizontal shaft 31 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) parallel to the horizontal rail 22. When the tip of the boom 11 of the crane body 10 is mounted thereon, the mounting body 30 is It has a mounting plate portion 32 inclined at an angle suitable for the inclination angle, and a contact portion with the boom 11 is in surface contact. As shown most clearly in FIGS. 3 and 4, a lower support 35 is provided on the crosspiece 22, in which a pair of vertical arm plates are erected at a predetermined distance, and a horizontal shaft 31 is provided between the vertical arm plates. A pair of parallel vertical arm plates extending downward are provided at both ends of the load plate portion 32 to form an upper support base 36, and a lower portion of the vertical arm plate of the upper support base 36 is provided. Are pivotally attached to the horizontal shaft 31 together.
[0046]
Therefore, by providing the mounting body 30, the possibility of damage to the contact portion can be reduced. Further, by attaching a cushion plate or the like made of rubber or the like to the upper surface side of the mounting plate portion 32, a shock-absorbing action is generated in the contact portion, so that the fear of damage can be reduced. Further, the mounting plate portion 32 increases the frictional force by increasing the contact area with the boom 11, and reduces the external force in the direction in which the mounting base 20 is pushed down by the frictional resistance. The cushioning plate made of rubber or the like is attached to the gantry 20 so that the frictional force becomes larger and the load vector can be directed more vertically downward of the mounting base 20.
[0047]
Next, the invention according to claim 3 comprises a crane main body 10 having a boom 11 capable of expansion and contraction and up-and-down movement, and a mounting platform 20 configured in a gate shape. The vertical frame parts 21 and 21 and the horizontal rail part 22 which connects the upper ends of the vertical frame parts 21 and 21 are connected, and the horizontal rail part 22 is attached to the vertical frame parts 21 and 21 so that the vertical position can be changed. On the horizontal beam 22, the mounting is pivoted by a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal beam 22, and is inclined at an angle suitable for the angle of inclination when the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is placed. The structure in which the mounting body 30 having the plate portion 32 is provided is the same as that of the second aspect.
[0048]
Further, in the present invention, the above-mentioned frame 30 is further rotatably pivoted to the horizontal beam portion 22 with a vertical axis 33, and the boom falling prevention walls 34, which protrude upward at both ends of the mounting plate portion 32, 34 are provided. That is, in the present invention, the boom 11 is basically used so as to intersect the crosspiece 22 in a substantially orthogonal direction when viewed from above. However, the work platform 20 cannot be installed in such a place depending on the work place. It is also assumed. Therefore, in order to be able to cope with such a case, the lower support 35 described above is connected to the top end of the vertical shaft 33 rotatably erected on the horizontal beam portion 22 so that the mounting body 30 can be moved vertically. Even when the boom 11 is rotatable with the shaft 33 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) and the boom 11 crosses the cross beam 22 at a predetermined angle, the mounting body 30 is attached to the vertical shaft 33. Can be dealt with by turning the center axis.
[0049]
If the frame 30 is rotatable around the vertical axis 33, the mounting body 30 is rotated unexpectedly, and the boom 11 that has been mounted or is about to be mounted does not ride properly. It doesn't have to fall off. Therefore, boom falling prevention vertical walls 34, 34 are provided at both ends of the mounting plate portion 32, so that it is possible to confirm that the boom 11 has got on the mounting body 30 without fail and to prevent the boom 11 from slipping and falling. It was done. By setting the distance between the boom falling prevention standing walls 34, 34 to be considerably large with respect to the width of the boom 11, the boom 11 can be easily placed between the boom falling prevention standing walls 34, 34. Further, the mounted boom 11 is slightly swung right and left, and the boom 11 is brought into contact with the boom falling prevention standing walls 34, 34, so that the loading platform 30 is adjusted to an angle suitable for the plane rotation angle of the boom 11. Can be adapted to the rotation angle about the vertical axis 33 as the rotation center axis.
[0050]
Next, a fourth aspect of the present invention comprises a crane body 10 having a boom 11 capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering, and a gantry-shaped mounting platform 20. And a horizontal rail 22 connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame parts 21 and 21. The horizontal rail 22 is attached to the vertical frame parts 21 and 21 so as to be movable up and down. A mounting plate portion, which is pivoted on a horizontal axis 31 parallel to the horizontal beam portion 22 and tilts at an angle adapted to the tilt angle when the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is mounted on the portion 22. The structure is the same as that of the third embodiment in that a mounting body 30 having a mounting 32 is provided, and boom drop prevention bodies 34, 34 protruding upward are provided at both ends of the mounting plate portion 32.
[0051]
Further, in the present invention, the gantry 20 can change the interval between the two vertical frame portions 21 and 21. The luggage that rises and falls with the crane body 10 varies in size, and it is also conceivable that a transport vehicle may enter under the suspended luggage. Therefore, it is desirable to set the interval between the vertical frame portions 21 and 21 of the mounting base 20 wide, but if the size is too large, the cost increases and the handling becomes inconvenient. Therefore, the present invention is capable of changing the interval between the two vertical frame portions 21 and 21 of the mounting base 20.
[0052]
In the example of FIG. 4, the upper ends of the two vertical frame portions 21 and 21 are pivotally attached to both ends of the horizontal rail portion 22 with the shafts 40, respectively, and the portions slightly lower than the upper ends of the vertical frame portions 21 and 21 are provided. Nut portions 41, 41 which can be moved up and down by a fixed distance are provided. The nut portion 41 is guided by a vertical groove 44 provided in the vertical frame portion 21 and is connected to a slider 45 which can be moved up and down. Further, a screw advance / retreat screw rod 42 screwed to the nut portions 41, 41 is provided, and further, a driving device 43 for the screw advance / retreat screw rod 42 is provided, and the nut portion 41 is provided with the two vertical frame portions 21, 21. , The lower side of the vertical frame portion 21 moves outward, as shown by a broken line on the left side of the figure, so that the interval between the lower portions of the vertical frame portions 21 and 21 is increased. is there.
[0053]
The mechanism for changing the interval between the vertical frame portions 21 and 21 is not limited to the above-described mechanism. It is needless to say that the interval can be changed while the vertical frame portions 21 and 21 are maintained in a parallel state. The spacing can be changed by manually assembling the two vertical frame portions 21 and 21 and the horizontal rail portion 22 or by using a driving device such as a hydraulic cylinder in addition to the spiral rod 42 shown in FIG. Thus, the vertical frames 21 and 21 may be mechanically translated in parallel.
[0054]
When the lower side of the vertical frame portion 21 is opened outward as shown in the example of FIG. 4, the sled plate 23 is also changed in angle with the change of the inclination angle of the vertical frame portion 21, and the bottom surface The entire surface cannot be grounded. Therefore, it is preferable that the sled board 23 is pivotally mounted on a shaft 21c shown in FIG. 4 so that the sled board 23 can always be kept horizontal even when the vertical frame portion 21 is inclined.
[0055]
Next, the invention of claim 5 comprises a crane main body 10 having a boom 11 capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering, and a gantry-shaped gantry 20. The gantry 20 comprises a pair of It comprises vertical frame parts 21 and 21 and a horizontal rail 22 connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame parts 21 and 21, and a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal rail 22 is provided on the horizontal rail 22. When the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is mounted and pivoted, a mounting body 30 having a mounting plate portion 32 inclined at an angle suitable for the inclination angle is provided. At both ends, boom drop-off prevention members 34, 34 protruding upward are provided, and the tip of the boom 11 and the boom drop-off prevention members 34, 34 of the mounting base 20 are connected by the shaft 12, and the lower part of the mounting base 20 is boom 11 Are pivotally attached to the base end side so as to be able to swing in the contact and separation directions. That is, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 8, the mounting base 20 is pivotally attached to the distal end portion of the boom 11 with the shaft 12. Note that it is desirable to use a mount that can be adjusted in height. When the platform 20 is not in use, the height of the platform 20 is minimized, and a towing wire 19 or the like is disposed between the lower portion of the platform 20 and a proper position of the boom 11 or the crane main body 10. And the loading platform 20 are folded in two and stored as shown by the broken line in FIG. 8, and in use, the boom 11 is extended and the pulling wire 19 is unwound to unload the loading platform. 20 may be set upright as shown in FIG.
[0056]
According to the present invention, the luggage is suspended from the boom 11 while the luggage carrier 20 is pivotally attached to the end of the boom 11. Therefore, when the boom 11 is lowered, the tip of the boom 11 does not become lower than the height of the loading platform 20, so that safety can be ensured. Further, according to the present invention, since the upper end of the loading platform 20 is pivoted to the tip of the boom 11 by the shaft 12, the boom 11 expands and contracts as long as the lower end of the loading platform 20 is grounded and fixed. As long as the length is not changed or the boom 11 does not swing to the left or right, no force is applied to the loading platform 20 to fall, and the configuration of the loading platform 20 can greatly simplify the configuration for preventing overturning. Therefore, the loading platform 20 can be integrally connected to the crane main body 10.
[0057]
Next, the invention of claim 6 comprises a crane main body 10 having a boom 11 capable of expansion and contraction and an up and down movement, and a mounting platform 20 configured in a gate shape. It comprises vertical frame parts 21 and 21 and a horizontal rail 22 connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame parts 21 and 21, and a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal rail 22 is provided on the horizontal rail 22. When the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is mounted and pivoted, a mounting body 30 having a mounting plate portion 32 inclined at an angle suitable for the inclination angle is provided. At both ends, boom drop-off prevention members 34, 34 protruding upward are provided, and the tip of the boom 11 and the boom drop-off prevention members 34, 34 of the mounting base 20 are connected by the shaft 12, and the lower part of the mounting base 20 is boom 11 The mounting base 20 has wheels 28, 28, 28, Formed by providing an 8 .... That is, the present invention is obtained by adding wheels 28, 28, 28,. .
[0058]
In the present invention, examples of use of the movable mounting platform 20 include the case where the mounting platform 20 is moved to its installation position and the case where the loading platform 20 is moved to a transfer location with the package suspended in a state where the package is suspended. Can be assumed. In this embodiment and the use example of claim 5, mainly, the latter usage is used, and the mounting base 20 is always used by being connected to the boom 11, but the mounting base 20 is fixed at a predetermined position. Then, it goes without saying that the shaft 12 is removed and the tip of the boom 11 is placed on the mounting body 30 for use.
[0059]
The wheels 28, 28, 28,... Are turned up and down by screwing and retracting a screw rod 28b connected to the axle of each wheel 28 at the lower end by rotating the handle 28a. .. Are fixed to a fixed position, the wheels 28, 28, 28,... Are raised so that the lower surface of the mounting base 20 is directly in contact with the ground. Needless to say, the elevation of the wheels 28, 28, 28,... May be automatically performed using a drive source as appropriate.
[0060]
Next, the invention of claim 7 comprises a crane main body 10 having a boom 11 capable of extending and retracting and raising and lowering, and a gantry-shaped gantry 20. The gantry 20 comprises a pair of It comprises vertical frame parts 21 and 21 and a horizontal rail 22 connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame parts 21 and 21, and a horizontal shaft 31 parallel to the horizontal rail 22 is provided on the horizontal rail 22. When the tip of the boom 11 of the crane main body is mounted and pivoted, a mounting body 30 having a mounting plate portion 32 inclined at an angle suitable for the inclination angle is provided. At both ends, boom drop-off preventing members 34, 34 protruding upward are provided, and the tip of the boom 11 and the boom drop-off preventing members 34, 34 of the mounting base 20 are attached to the lower part of the mounting base 20 by the detachable shaft 12. Is pivotally attached to the base end side of the boom 11 so as to be able to swing in the contacting / separating direction. , Formed by providing the 28, 28 .... That is, in the present invention, the shaft 12 having the structure of claim 6 is made detachable, and this attachment and detachment can use conventionally known means such as manual operation or remote operation using a solenoid or a hydraulic motor.
[0061]
The present invention is mainly used for fixing the mounting base 20 at a predetermined position and then removing the shaft 12 to disconnect the boom 11 from the mounting base 20 for use. When the loading platform 20 is carried into a predetermined position, the wheels 28, 28, 28,... Are raised to make the loading platform 20 immovable, the shaft 12 is removed, and thereafter, the loading platform 20 is moved to the place. The boom 11 is left as a separate body from the loading platform 20.
[0062]
Next, according to the invention of claim 8, a crane main body 10 having a boom 11 capable of expanding and contracting and raising and lowering, and a tip end of the boom 11 of the crane main body are moved to a predetermined height above the ground or floor surface. The boom 11 is connected to a base end of an extensible jib 15 at the distal end of the boom 11. Normally, the jib 15 connected to the end of the boom 11 is mainly used for auxiliary work such as suspension of a lightweight object, so that the strength is not so required and the length is limited. The jib 15 is set to have a sufficient strength for the purpose of this work, and is conventionally set to have a short overall length due to a large danger. The distance is designed to be long.
[0063]
That is, since the present invention uses the mounting platform 20, when the jib 15 is used together with the loading platform 20, the fixed end (fulcrum) of the jib 15 is the loading platform 20 (near the mounting platform 20), and the conventional jib is used. While the fulcrum 15 is the base end of the boom 11, the fulcrum is largely moved to the action point side. Therefore, under these use conditions (the fulcrum of the jib 15 has advanced), safety can be ensured even when a heavy object is transported by the jib 15 over a long distance. As shown by a broken line in FIG. The work can be performed with the hook 17 being inserted below the elevated facility H.
[0064]
That is, although the distance L1 shown in FIG. 9 exceeds the safe working range of the crane main body 10, the actual working radius of the jib 15 is L2 since the base fixing portion is located at the mounting base 20 portion, and the jib 15 has the actual working radius of L2. 15 can be moved up and down without any worries as long as it has a strength against the length of L2. Then, the jib 15 is retracted to the position shown by the solid line in FIG. 9, and the total length L3 of the boom 11 and the jib 15 is changed to the crane in a state where the tip of the jib 15 comes out of a position below the elevated facility H. If it is set so as to be a safe work radius for 10, the operation can be switched to the work on the boom 11 (transportation of suspended luggage, etc.) as it is. In this case, the work 20 is left in the installation place, but when the work 20 is used, the work 20 may be moved together with the boom 11. Absent. 9 is a horizontal axis for raising and lowering the jib 15, 14 is a vertical axis for rotating the jib 15 substantially in the horizontal direction, and 15a is a driving device for rotating the jib 15 in the horizontal direction. These may be provided as needed.
[0065]
Next, a ninth aspect of the present invention provides a crane body 10 having a boom 11 capable of expanding and contracting and raising and lowering, and a tip end of the boom 11 of the crane body being moved to a predetermined height above the ground or floor surface. A base 20 of the jib 15 is attached to the distal end of the boom 11 so as to be rotatable substantially in the horizontal direction on the longitudinal axis 14. That is, in the present invention, the jib 15 of claim 8 is also pivotally mounted on the vertical axis 14. The jib 15 may be pivotally mounted on the horizontal shaft 13 so as to be able to move up and down, and further, an extensible one may be used.
[0066]
Then, a driving device 15a such as a hydraulic motor that rotates the jib 15 about the vertical axis 14 as a rotation center axis is provided, and the jib 15 extends further forward from the tip of the boom 11 as shown by a solid line in FIG. From the installed state, the jib 15 can be turned back from the tip of the boom 11 as shown by a broken line in FIG.
[0067]
Accordingly, in the present invention, the work below the elevated facility H can be performed by the jib 15 in the state shown in FIG. When the luggage hung by the jib 15 is transferred by the boom 11 as it is, first, the jib 15 is moved by the vertical axis 14, as shown by a broken line in FIG. The jib 15 is rotated by about 180 ° as shown by the broken line. Then, the jib 15 comes out from below the elevated facility H, and the working radius L5 becomes L6-L4, so that the length of the jib 15 can be substantially subtracted from the originally safe working radius L6 of the crane body 10. , The luggage can be safely suspended and transferred by the boom 11. Then, in order to carry the luggage below the elevated facility H, the jib 15 is moved from the position indicated by the broken line to the position indicated by the solid line in FIG. In this case, even if the distance L3 exceeds the safe working radius L6 of the lift, the fulcrum for the load of the load is at the position of the loading platform 20, so that safety can be ensured.
[0068]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first to ninth aspects of the present invention, the tip of the boom 11 is supported at a predetermined height by the loading platform 20 when the boom 11 is lowered, so that there is provided a crane having no danger of tipping over. is there. When the loading platform 20 is not used, a crane that can be used as a conventional general crane can be provided.
[0069]
Further, according to the present invention, when the tip of the boom 11 is placed on the loading platform 20, the fulcrum for the load of the load shifts to the top position of the loading platform 20, so that a large load can be lifted. According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a crane that can extend a safe working radius to a position beyond the loading platform 20.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view showing an embodiment of the crane of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view of an embodiment of a mounting base used in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the mounting base of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a mounting base in another embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a front view of one embodiment of a lower mechanism for making the mounting stand independent.
FIG. 6 is a front view of another embodiment of the lower mechanism for making the mounting stand independent.
FIG. 7 is a front view of still another embodiment of the lower mechanism for making the mounting stand independent.
FIG. 8 is a front view showing another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a front view showing still another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a front view showing still another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Crane body
11 Boom
12 axes
14 Vertical axis
15 Jib
20 mounting base
21 Vertical frame
22 Crossing
30 mounting body
31 horizontal axis
32 Mounting plate
33 vertical axis
34 Boom fall prevention body

Claims

A crane body (10) having a boom (11) capable of expanding and contracting and raising and lowering, and a tip of the boom (11) of the crane body (10) is set at a predetermined height above the ground or floor. A crane comprising a mounting base (20) to be supported.

A crane body (10) having a boom (11) capable of extending and retracting, and a gantry (20) configured as a portal;
The gantry (20) includes a pair of vertical frame portions (21, 21) and a horizontal rail portion (22) connecting upper ends of the vertical frame portions (21, 21). 22) is attached to the vertical frame portion (21, 21) so that the vertical position can be changed,
Further, when the tip of the boom (11) of the crane main body is placed on the horizontal rail (22) by a horizontal shaft (31) parallel to the horizontal rail (22), the crane body is placed on the horizontal rail (22). A crane comprising a mounting body (30) having a mounting plate portion (32) inclined to an angle suitable for the inclination angle.

A crane body (10) having a boom (11) capable of extending and retracting, and a gantry (20) configured as a portal;
The gantry (20) includes a pair of vertical frame portions (21, 21) and a horizontal rail portion (22) connecting upper ends of the vertical frame portions (21, 21). 22) is attached to the vertical frame portion (21, 21) so that the vertical position can be changed,
The horizontal beam (22) is pivoted on the horizontal beam (22) by a horizontal axis (31) parallel to the horizontal beam (22). When the tip of the boom (11) of the crane main body is placed, the inclination angle thereof is set. A mounting body (30) having a mounting plate portion (32) inclined to an angle suitable for
Furthermore, a crane provided with boom fall prevention bodies (34, 34) projecting upward at both ends of the frame part (32).

A crane body (10) having a boom (11) capable of extending and retracting, and a gantry (20) configured as a portal;
The gantry (20) includes a pair of vertical frame portions (21, 21) and a horizontal rail portion (22) connecting upper ends of the vertical frame portions (21, 21). 22) is attached to the vertical frame portion (21, 21) so that the vertical position can be changed,
The horizontal rail (22) is rotatably pivoted on a vertical axis (33), and is also pivoted on a horizontal axis (31) parallel to the horizontal rail (22). A mounting body (30) having a mounting plate part (32) that is inclined at an angle that matches the inclination angle when the tip of (11) is mounted is provided,
At both ends of the above-mentioned frame part (32), boom fall prevention bodies (34, 34) protruding upward are provided,
Furthermore, the above-mentioned gantry (20) is a crane in which the interval between the two vertical frame portions (21, 21) can be changed.

A crane body (10) having a boom (11) capable of extending and retracting, and a gantry (20) configured as a portal;
The mounting frame (20) is composed of a pair of vertical frame parts (21, 21) and a horizontal rail part (22) connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame parts (21, 21). 22) Above it, it is pivoted on a horizontal axis (31) parallel to the horizontal beam section (22), and when the tip of the boom (11) of the crane main body is placed, it is adjusted to an angle suitable for its inclination angle. A mounting body (30) having an inclined mounting plate portion (32) is provided. At both ends of the mounting plate portion (32), upwardly protruding boom fall prevention members (34, 34) are provided.
The tip of the boom (11) and the boom fall-prevention body (34, 34) of the mounting base (20) are connected by the shaft (12) so that the lower part of the mounting base (20) is on the base end side of the boom (11). A crane that is pivotally mounted so that it can swing in the contact and separation directions.

A crane body (10) having a boom (11) capable of extending and retracting, and a gantry (20) configured as a portal;
The mounting frame (20) is composed of a pair of vertical frame parts (21, 21) and a horizontal rail part (22) connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame parts (21, 21). 22) Above it, it is pivoted on a horizontal axis (31) parallel to the horizontal beam section (22), and when the tip of the boom (11) of the crane main body is placed, it is adjusted to an angle suitable for its inclination angle. A mounting body (30) having an inclined mounting plate portion (32) is provided. At both ends of the mounting plate portion (32), upwardly protruding boom fall prevention members (34, 34) are provided.
The tip of the boom (11) and the boom fall-prevention body (34, 34) of the mounting base (20) are connected by the shaft (12) so that the lower part of the mounting base (20) is on the base end side of the boom (11). A crane which is pivotally mounted so as to be able to swing in the direction of contact and separation, and has wheels (28, 28, 28,...) Provided on a lower surface of the mounting base (20).

A crane body (10) having a boom (11) capable of extending and retracting, and a gantry (20) configured as a portal;
The mounting frame (20) is composed of a pair of vertical frame parts (21, 21) and a horizontal rail part (22) connecting the upper ends of the vertical frame parts (21, 21). 22) Above it, it is pivoted on a horizontal axis (31) parallel to the horizontal beam section (22), and when the tip of the boom (11) of the crane main body is placed, it is adjusted to an angle suitable for its inclination angle. A mounting body (30) having an inclined mounting plate portion (32) is provided. At both ends of the mounting plate portion (32), upwardly protruding boom fall prevention members (34, 34) are provided.
A detachable shaft (12) connects the tip of the boom (11) and the boom fall prevention body (34, 34) of the mounting base (20), and the lower part of the mounting base (20) is the base of the boom (11). A crane which is pivotally attached to the end side so as to be able to swing in a contacting / separating direction, and has wheels (28, 28, 28,...) Provided on a lower surface of the mounting base (20).

A crane body (10) having a boom (11) capable of expanding and contracting and raising and lowering, and a mounting for supporting the tip of the boom (11) of the crane body at a predetermined height above the ground or floor surface. Consists of a frame (20),
A crane comprising a base end of an extendable jib (15) connected to a distal end of the boom (11).

A crane body (10) having a boom (11) capable of expanding and contracting and raising and lowering, and a mounting for supporting the tip of the boom (11) of the crane body at a predetermined height above the ground or floor surface. Consists of a frame (20),
A crane having a base end of a jib (15) attached to a distal end of the boom (11) so as to be rotatable substantially in a horizontal direction on a vertical axis (14).