JP2004138423A - Apparatus for measuring unbalance in rotor material and method for measuring unbalance - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To measure the unbalance of a rotor in an element stage such as after casting in a manufacturer. <P>SOLUTION: An apparatus comprises a spindle 11 for supporting a rotary table 2 for rotation, a vibration detector 18 for detecting the amount vibration in a perpendicular direction of the shaft of the rotating spindle 11, an encoder 17 for detecting the rotation of the spindle 11, and a retaining tool 3 that is provided on the rotary table 2 and retains the rotor material 4 so that the rotary axis coincides with a rotary axis Ax of the spindle 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an unbalance measuring device and a measuring method capable of measuring an unbalance of a rotating body such as a turbine wheel at a material stage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Turbocharger turbine wheels and the like that are exposed to a high temperature of 800 ° C. or more are often manufactured from cast products of heat-resistant alloys. In order to reduce noise when rotating at a high speed of 100,000 rpm or more, it is necessary to minimize the rotational imbalance of the turbine wheel. By the way, conventionally, such an unbalance measurement of the rotating body cannot be performed at the material stage immediately after casting, and after the user performs necessary processing on the rotating body material and assembles the shaft body, the shaft body is actually Unbalance measurement is performed by rotating together with.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in this case, it is difficult to distinguish whether the imbalance is caused by a casting process in a manufacturer or an imbalance caused by processing by a user or the like, and there is a problem that it is difficult to take measures for eliminating the imbalance.
[0004]
Therefore, the present invention solves such a problem, and provides a material product having a sufficiently small unbalance for a user by enabling a manufacturer to measure the unbalance of a rotating body at a material stage such as after casting. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus and a method for measuring unbalance of a rotating body material that can be performed.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the unbalance measuring device (1) according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a spindle (11) supported and rotated by a rotary table (2), and a spindle (11) in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotating spindle (11). Vibration detecting means (18) for detecting the amount of vibration, rotation detecting means (17) for detecting the rotation of the spindle (11), and a rotating body material (4) provided on the rotating table (2) A holding jig (3) for holding the rotating shaft so as to coincide with the rotating shaft (Ax) of the spindle (11);
[0006]
In the first aspect, the unbalance of the rotating body material can be measured by detecting the amount of vibration in the direction perpendicular to the axis at each rotation angle of the rotating spindle. This allows the user to accurately measure the unbalance of the rotating body at the material stage before processing, so that the manufacturer can easily take measures to eliminate the unbalance.
[0007]
In the second invention, the holding jig (3) is provided on the rotary table (2), and is synchronously moved inward and outward in the radial direction toward the rotary shaft (Ax) by the same amount. A plurality of block-like chucks (32) spaced at a distance around a rotation axis (Ax), the tip of which abuts or approaches a peripheral surface (42) formed concentrically with the rotation axis of the body material (4). ) And a pressing member (34) for pressing the rotating body material (4) against the upper surface of the chuck (32) to position the rotating body material (4). The “peripheral surface” need not be a surface that is continuous over the entire circumference.
[0008]
In the second aspect of the present invention, when each chuck is moved inward in the radial direction, the tips of these chucks come into contact with the peripheral surface formed on the rotating body material, and the rotating body has its rotating shaft rotated by the rotating shaft of the spindle. The rotating body material is held by the chuck in this state.
[0009]
In the third aspect of the invention, the holding jig (3) is provided with a cylinder member (51) provided so as to have the same axis as the rotation axis (Ax), and the holding jig (3) is vertically movable within the cylinder member (51). A piston member (53) which is disposed and urged out of the cylinder member (51) by an urging member (52), and has a concave spherical receiving surface (53a) at an upper end surface; and a rotary table (2). The cylinder member (51) is synchronously moved radially inward and outward toward the rotation axis (Ax) by the same amount, and is spaced around the rotation axis (Ax) in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder member (51). A plurality of block-shaped chucks (32) arranged in a horizontal direction, and a pressing member (34) for positioning by pressing the convex portion (42) of the rotating body material (4) against the receiving surface (53a).
[0010]
In the third aspect of the present invention, when the pressing member presses the rotating body material against the receiving surface, the receiving surface abuts on the convex portion of the rotating body material with an appropriate load by the urging force of the urging member, and the concave surface of the receiving surface faces the concave spherical surface. The convex portion slides and moves appropriately so that the rotation axis of the rotator material coincides with the rotation axis of the spindle, and the rotator material is positioned in this state.
[0011]
In the unbalance measuring method according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the rotating body material (4) is placed on the rotating table (2) supported by the spindle (11), and the rotating axis of the rotating body material (4) is set to the rotating axis (Ax) of the spindle (11). The unbalance of the rotating body material (4) is measured by detecting the amount of vibration in the direction perpendicular to the axis at each rotation angle of the rotating spindle (11) while holding the same so as to match. According to the fourth invention, the same operation and effect as those of the first invention can be obtained.
[0012]
In addition, the code | symbol in the said parenthesis shows the correspondence with the concrete means described in embodiment mentioned later.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
(1st Embodiment)
FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration of the unbalance measuring device. A spindle 11 rotatably supported in a vertical position is provided in the measuring device 1. The spindle 11 is connected to a motor 14 by a belt 13 suspended on a pulley 12 provided on the spindle 11, and rotates at a constant speed. (Arrows in FIG. 1). Note that the spindle 11 can be moved within a certain range in the direction perpendicular to the axis. An encoder 17 is connected to the spindle 11 via gears 15 and 16, and outputs a reference signal Sa for each rotation of the spindle 11. A known vibration detector 18 for detecting the amount of vibration of the spindle 11 in the direction perpendicular to the axis is provided, and a vibration signal 18a corresponding to the amount of vibration is output. The reference signal Sa and the vibration signal 18a are input to an arithmetic unit 19 described in detail later. The rotary table 2 is supported and fixed to the spindle 11 so that the axes thereof are aligned with each other, and the rotary table 2 is exposed on the top plate 10 of the measuring device 1. A holding jig 3, which will be described in detail later, for holding the rotating body material on the turntable 2 is provided. The main part of the measuring apparatus including the rotary table 2 can be realized by using a vertical balancing machine manufactured by Nagahama Seisakusho Co., Ltd.
[0014]
FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the holding jig 3 and FIG. 3 shows a side view thereof. The holding jig 3 includes a columnar base 31 fixed to the rotary table 2 so that the axes thereof are aligned. Three slide grooves 311 extending in the radial direction are formed on the upper surface of the base 31 at equal intervals around the rotation axis Ax of the spindle 11, and a tooth profile (not shown) is formed on the lower surface in the slide grooves 311. The cuboid block-shaped chuck 32 is slidably disposed. As shown in FIG. 3, on the upper surface of each chuck 32, a lower surface of a blade body 41 of a cast and unprocessed turbine wheel material (hereinafter, referred to as a wheel material) 4 as a rotating body material is placed. It is supported in a horizontal position where the rotation axis is vertical. At the inner end of each chuck 32, a push projection 321 smaller in diameter than the cross-sectional shape of the chuck body is formed so as to protrude (FIG. 3).
[0015]
Each of the three chucks 32 has a tooth profile on the lower surface meshed with a tooth profile of a not-shown wedge block installed in the base 31, and when each wedge block is simultaneously moved in a circumferential direction by a thrust ring (not shown), each chuck is moved. Reference numeral 32 is moved in the slide groove 311 inward and outward in the radial direction by the same amount in synchronization with the same position. Therefore, when the three chucks 32 are moved inward in the radial direction while supporting the rotating body material 4 on the upper surface, the tip of the push protrusion 321 of each chuck 32 is moved to the center of the lower surface of the wheel material 4 as shown in FIG. The wheel material 4 is moved toward the center of the base 31 by contacting the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical boss portion 42 for joining the shaft body formed on the shaft member, and the rotation axis of the wheel material 4 is adjusted to the rotation axis Ax of the spindle 11. The wheel blank 4 is held in a state where they match. Note that the holding force at this time, that is, the tightening torque of the push protrusion 321 needs to be set to an optimal size as long as the boss portion 42 is not deformed, and is set to, for example, 10 N · m.
[0016]
On the base 31, a gate-shaped mount 33 composed of vertical beams 331 at both ends and a horizontal beam 332 erected between the upper ends of the vertical beams 331 is provided so as to cross the same in the radial direction. At the center, a presser bar 34 having a screw portion formed on the outer periphery is provided so as to penetrate vertically. The position of the presser bar 34 coincides with the rotation axis Ax of the spindle 11, and the presser bar 34 is moved down so that the tip of the presser bar 34 contacts the center of the upper surface of the wheel blank 4 so that the wheel blank 4 is held between the upper surface of the chuck 32. Position with. The main part of the holding jig 3 can be realized by using a chuck made by FORKARDT, Germany.
[0017]
In the unbalance measuring device 1 having such a structure, the rotary table 2 is rotated at a constant speed while the wheel blank 4 is positioned by the holding jig 3, and the vibration detector 18 detects the amount of vibration of the spindle 11 in the direction perpendicular to the axis. To detect. An example is shown in FIG. If the wheel material 4 is unbalanced, the rotation position where the reference signal Sa of the encoder 17 is input is set to a phase angle of 0 ° (FIG. 4 (2)), and the peak value M1 of the phase angle θ1 and θ2 where the vibration amount is positive and negative respectively. , M2 (FIG. 4 (1)). This is shown graphically in FIG. In FIG. 5A, the phase angles between the points P1 and P2 indicating the peak values M1 and M2 are θ1 and θ2, respectively, and the difference (θ2−θ1) does not become 180 ° because of the unbalance of the wheel material 4. In addition, the imbalance of the rotation mechanism such as the spindle 11 is added. Therefore, the computing unit 19 (FIG. 1) calculates the coordinates of the intermediate point Pm of the line connecting the points P1 and P2, and performs the compensation calculation so that the coordinates come to the origin (FIG. 5 (2)). As a result, the phase difference between the new points P1 ′ and P2 ′ (FIG. 5 (3)) becomes 180 °, and the distance Um from the origin to the point P1 ′ (or point P2 ′) at this time is the magnitude of the imbalance. (G · cm), and the phase angle θ indicates the direction of imbalance from the 0 ° position.
[0018]
In this way, the unbalance of the turbine wheel can be accurately measured at the raw material stage after casting before processing by the user, so that it is possible to easily take measures to eliminate the unbalance at the casting stage at the manufacturer. Become. In the present embodiment, instead of pressing the pushing protrusion 321 of each chuck 32 against the outer periphery of the boss portion 42 of the wheel blank 4, the pushing protrusion 321 approaches the outer periphery of the boss portion 42 without substantially contacting the outer periphery of the boss portion 42. By doing so, the boss portion 42 may be positioned. According to this, the risk of deformation of the boss portion 42 can be avoided.
[0019]
(2nd Embodiment)
FIG. 6 shows another example of the holding jig 3. In the present embodiment, instead of directly holding the wheel blank 4 with the three chucks 32 on the base 31 described in the first embodiment, the centering device 5 is held by the chuck 32. That is, the centering tool 5 includes a cylindrical cylinder member 51 that is opened upward, and a rubber cushion body 52 is disposed in the lower portion of the cylinder member 51. A piston member 53 is located on the rubber cushion 52 so as to be slidable in the vertical direction in contact with the inner surface of the cylinder member 51, and the upper end of the piston member 53 projects upward from the opening of the cylinder member 51. The upper end of the piston member 53 is enlarged in diameter, and the upper surface thereof is a concave spherical receiving surface 53a excluding the peripheral edge. A spacer plate 34 having a predetermined height is joined to the upper surface of each chuck 32. Other structures are the same as in the first embodiment.
[0020]
The boss 42 as a convex projecting from the lower surface of the wheel material 4 is placed on the receiving surface 53a of the piston member 53, and in this state, the upper surface of the wheel material 4 is held by the tip of the pressing rod 34 described in the first embodiment. When pressed, the elasticity of the rubber cushion 52 at the back causes the receiving surface 53a to come into contact with the boss portion 42 with an appropriate load, and the piston member 53 is pushed down in this state. In this process, the boss portion 42 slides appropriately toward the center of the concave spherical surface of the receiving surface 53a, so that the rotation axis of the wheel material 4 coincides with the rotation axis Ax of the spindle, and the lower surface of the wing body 41 of the wheel material 4 The wheel blank 4 is positioned in a horizontal posture in contact with the upper surface of the spacer plate 34. According to such a holding jig, there is no need to press the chuck 34 against the boss portion 42, so that there is no possibility that the boss portion 42 is deformed.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the apparatus and method for measuring unbalance of a rotating body material of the present invention, it is possible to measure the unbalance of a rotating body at a material stage such as after casting in a manufacturer, and as a result, unbalance is imposed on a user. A material product having a sufficiently small balance can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of an unbalance measuring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a holding jig.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the holding jig.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a change in a vibration amount of a spindle accompanying rotation of a rotary table.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a peak value of vibration of a spindle and its phase angle.
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a holding jig according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Unbalance measuring device, 11 ... Spindle, 17 ... Encoder, 18 ... Vibration detector, 2 ... Rotary table, 3 ... Holding jig, 32 ... Chuck, 34 ... Holding rod, 4 ... Turbine wheel material, 42 ... Boss Reference numeral 51 denotes a cylinder member, 52 denotes a rubber cushion, 53 denotes a piston member, 53a denotes a receiving surface, and Ax denotes a rotating shaft.

Claims (4)

A spindle that supports and rotates the rotary table, vibration detection means for detecting an amount of vibration of the rotating spindle in a direction perpendicular to the axis, rotation detection means for detecting rotation of the spindle, and And a holding jig for holding the rotating body material such that the rotation axis thereof coincides with the rotation axis of the spindle. The holding jig is provided on a rotary table, and is synchronously moved inward and outward in the radial direction toward the rotating shaft by the same amount, and a peripheral surface formed concentrically with the rotating shaft on the rotating body material. A plurality of block-shaped chucks whose tips contact or approach each other at intervals around the rotation axis, and a pressing member that presses the rotating body material against an upper surface of the chuck to position the chuck. Item 2. An apparatus for measuring unbalance of a rotating body material according to Item 1. The holding jig is disposed movably in the up and down direction within the cylinder member provided with a cylinder member provided in such a manner that the axis of the holding jig coincides with the rotation axis, and is urged out of the cylinder member by an urging member. A piston member having an upper end surface having a concave spherical receiving surface, and a piston member provided on the rotary table and synchronously moved radially inward and outward toward the rotary shaft by the same amount. 2. A structure comprising a plurality of block-shaped chucks abutting on the outer peripheral surface and spaced apart around the rotation axis, and a pressing member for pressing a convex portion of the rotating body material against the receiving surface to position the rotating body material. 4. An apparatus for measuring unbalance of a rotating body material according to claim 1. A rotary body material is held on a rotary table supported by a spindle such that its rotation axis coincides with the rotation axis of the spindle, and the amount of vibration in the direction perpendicular to the axis at each rotation angle of the spindle rotated by a motor. Measuring the unbalance of the rotating body material by detecting the unbalance of the rotating body material

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