JP2004120931A - Outer rotor rotating electric machine for vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thin magnetic circuit structure of an outer rotor rotating machine for adjusting a magnetic field. <P>SOLUTION: The magnetic irregularity of the external periphery of a rotor is divided substantially in two in the axial direction, and the two are in a relation to invert to each other at an angle of 180° in terms of an arrangement phase difference in the circumferential direction. An armature core is increased in axial magnetic resistance larger than that in the radial direction so as to increase the magnetic resistance in the axial direction. The magnetic circuit structure comprises a magnetic filed core that magnetically abuts on and is fixed to the outside diametral part of the armature core, and a magnetic field winding wound around the magnetic field core. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is applicable to general generators and electric motors including industrial equipment, etc., and is particularly effective for AC rotating electric machines for vehicles in which it is important to have a small size, light weight and high output. It is an object of the present invention to provide an engine-directed rotary electric machine requiring high output and high efficiency.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, while an improvement in vehicle fuel efficiency has been called out, an electric load has increased, and a generator (sometimes a starter / generator) for supplying this electric power has been increasing in electric power. For this reason, it is difficult to drive the belt, which is the current mainstream generator driving means, in terms of transmission capacity, and the transmission loss cannot be ignored. As a solution to this problem, attention has recently been focused on a direct-coupled rotary electric machine having no limitation in transmission capacity, such as a belt directly connected to an engine crankshaft. However, since it is directly connected to the engine crankshaft, the number of rotations is low and a large physique is required, and it is sandwiched between the transmission and the arrangement under severe conditions of mounting size restrictions such as the position of the crank pulley, and the structure is High output and high efficiency require a particularly small size, especially a flat shape, on the assumption. In order to make the axial direction short and flat, it is conceivable to design a large gap diameter for determining the other output capacity. As these specific techniques, an abduction type rotating machine in which the rotor is rotated on the outer diameter side of the armature and an abduction type rotating machine in which a magnet is attached to the inner diameter can be considered (for example, see Patent Document 1). In this case, a permanent magnet magnetic pole is provided inside a bowl-shaped rotor, and an armature core and a winding are provided inside the permanent magnet magnetic pole. With this configuration, as described above, it is an excellent technique in that the air gap diameter can be made large and a magnetic flux can be supplied, and high performance and thinness can be achieved.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
DE 100 33 424 A1
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Although the conventional example is excellent as described above, the vector current control using an inverter or a controller to suppress the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet at the time of high rotation of the electric operation or at the time of a light load in the power generation operation, specifically, Requires expensive magnetic field control, which results in an expensive system. Therefore, for example, when the function of the rotating machine is simply a generator, there is a problem that it is extremely expensive and practical use is difficult. It is conceivable to use a winding field instead of a permanent magnet whose magnetic flux is difficult to control, but in general, a core for magnetic conduction that requires a large cross-sectional area for passing magnetic flux to the field pole, that is, a thick axial dimension is required. However, there is a problem that the size becomes large and the original miniaturization cannot be achieved. In view of such problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an abduction type rotating machine magnetic circuit structure which is thin and whose field can be adjusted.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the structure of the first aspect, an inductor type rotor having magnetic irregularities on the inner periphery thereof, and a substantially axial winding slot disposed opposite to the inner circumference side of the rotor and having an armature winding in the slot. A stator comprising a laminated armature core having a large axial reluctance, and a field core and a magnetic field which are magnetically abutted and fixed to the inner diameter portion of the armature core and which circulate substantially coaxially. And a winding.
[0006]
As a result, the inner diameter of the armature core, which has ample storage capacity, is not limited to the periphery of the armature, such as the rotor or armature winding, which is located on the outer diameter side that is congested in dimensions, and has ample storage capacity. Since the magnetic winding can be wound, and the armature core is directly excited, the core for guiding the magnetic pole up to the magnetic pole requiring a large cross-sectional area, that is, a thick axial dimension described in the above-mentioned section is unnecessary, so that the axial direction is flat. become.
[0007]
In the configuration according to claim 2, the magnetic irregularities around the outer periphery of the rotor are substantially bisected in the axial direction, and the arrangement phase difference in the circumferential direction is electrically inverted by 180 degrees. Further, the armature core is magnetically shielded from the magnetic potential in the axial direction by interposing the non-magnetic region in the axial direction, and a field iron core magnetically fixed to the inner diameter of the armature core. And a field winding wound therearound.
[0008]
As a result, a large magnetomotive force is applied to the armature core bisected in the axial direction. As a result, a large magnetomotive force is also applied to the rotor facing the armature core. Since they are installed in a reversed relationship, there is little leakage in the flow of magnetic flux returning from the armature to the rotor and from the rotor to the armature, and as a result, the armature winding interlinkage magnetic flux is large. That is, the object of the present invention is to solve the problem of securing a large magnetic flux even in a magnetic circuit having a thin structure.
[0009]
In the configuration of claim 3, a permanent magnet is provided in the armature iron core non-magnetic region or the magnetically non-coupling region of the field iron core, and is magnetized in a direction facing the exciting force of the field winding. ing.
[0010]
Thereby, the leakage magnetic flux on the inner diameter side of the field core is reduced, and the magnetomotive force exerted on the armature core by the field core becomes large. That is, the problem of securing the exciting force in the small-diameter rotor, which is the subject of the present invention, is solved, and high performance can be achieved with the intended small-diameter low-inertia rotor.
[0011]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the armature winding includes two sets of three phases, and has a phase difference of 30 ° between each other.
[0012]
As a result, when the number of slots of the armature winding is three in one pole and one phase in the case of normal distributed winding, the number of slots is doubled to six, thereby transmitting the winding to the armature core and releasing the armature winding. Since the cooling capacity is improved due to an increase in the amount of heat, the temperature rise of the field core connected thereto is also reduced, and thus the resistance is reduced. Therefore, under a condition of applying a constant voltage, a decrease in current, that is, a decrease in exciting force is reduced. That is, the problem of securing the exciting force in the small-diameter rotor, which is the subject of the present invention, is solved, and the desired small and thin rotor can have high performance.
[0013]
In the configuration according to claim 5, in the magnetic unevenness around the outer periphery of the rotor, a permanent magnet having a polarity opposite to the polarity of the convex portion is attached or built in the concave portion, and the permanent magnet and the concave portion are combined. It forms magnetic poles of alternating polarity.
[0014]
As a result, the armature winding wound around the armature core not only has pulsation fluctuations in the magnetic flux induced by the magnetic poles of the rotor, but also the base value of the pulsation is inverted by the magnet between the magnetic poles. Since the polarity can be reversed, the flux linkage of the armature winding can be alternating. That is, since the amplitude of the excitation force of the small-diameter rotor, which is the subject of the present invention, when viewed from the armature side can be increased, high performance can be achieved with the target thin rotor.
[0015]
According to a sixth aspect of the invention, a switching means is provided so that the polarity of the current flowing through the field winding can be reversed.
[0016]
Thereby, even if the strength of the magnet provided between the magnetic poles is increased, it can be suppressed by the field magnetomotive force when it is necessary at a light load or the like. In other words, the provision of the reversal control means for the field magnetomotive force solves the problem of securing the exciting force in the small-diameter rotor, which is a problem of the present invention, by the assistance of the magnet, and the high-density rotor with the desired thinness is achieved. Performance can be demonstrated.
[0017]
In the configuration of claim 7, one or both of the salient poles and the magnet poles are configured as an embedded magnet type rotor having a so-called reverse saliency with a large horizontal axis reluctance and driven by an inverter. . As a result, a large output can be obtained when the motor is operated electrically, so that the physique can be reduced with respect to a predetermined required output. That is, it can be made thin. In addition, since the field adjustment is possible, the restriction of selecting an appropriately weak magnet, which is sufficient for the field weakening using the inverter and the controller I, is removed, and a strong magnet capable of producing ample output can be selected. In other words, in other words, it is possible to make the rotating machine extremely thin under the predetermined required output condition.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[First Embodiment]
An example in which the present technology is applied to a generator directly connected to an engine will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0019]
A rotor hub 2 made of a steel plate having a thickness of 3 mm as a structural member is welded and fixed to a rotating yoke 1 having an outer diameter of 280 mm and a width of 18 mm made of an iron core which is a magnetically good conductor. The part is fastened to a rotating shaft 3 which is an engine crankshaft.
[0020]
The inner diameter surface of the rotating yoke 1 has a salient pole portion 4 having a first polarity and protruding from the inner diameter portion in a pedestal shape at regular intervals on a substantially half surface in the axial direction. Further, between the magnetic pole portions 4 provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, there are provided permanent magnet magnetic poles 5 which are seated on the rotating yoke 1 and provide a second polarity opposite to the first polarity. The bipolar magnetic poles 4 and 5 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction in the rotating yoke 1 to form a first group of field magnetic poles.
[0021]
Similarly, on the other half surface in the axial direction of the inner diameter surface of the rotating yoke 1, similarly, bipolar magnetic poles 4, 5 are alternately arranged in the circumferential direction to form a second group of field magnetic poles. As shown in the figure, these first and second magnetic pole groups have a shift of one magnetic pole pitch in the circumferential direction. The polarity of the magnetic poles of the second magnetic pole group arranged in correspondence with the salient poles of the first magnetic pole group in the axial direction is set to have the same polarity.
[0022]
A slot having an opening on the outside and a laminated armature core 6 having an outer diameter of φ260 and an axial length of 18 mm wound around the slot are arranged on the inner side of the first and second magnetic pole groups. The armature core 6 has a non-magnetic spacer 8 made of aluminum having a thickness of 3 mm interposed substantially at the center thereof, and the magnetic region of the armature core is cut off at the center in the axial direction and is divided into two.
[0023]
The laminated armature core 6 and the non-magnetic spacer 8 are formed by fixing the missing segment members in the laminating direction with fastening pins (not shown). Also, six slots are provided for one pitch of the magnetic poles of the armature core 6, and two first and second two-phase three-phase three-phase sets having an electrical phase difference of 30 ° are provided in the slots. Armature windings 701 and 703 are wound. These three-phase armature windings 701 and 703 are connected to first and second rectifiers 111 and 112, respectively, as shown in FIG. It is connected to the.
[0024]
A field iron core 9 made of a low-carbon electromagnetic steel having an annular core having an outer diameter of about φ160 and an inner diameter of about φ100 butted in a substantially U-shaped cross section along the axial direction is provided at the inner diameter of the armature core 6. Are fitted, the inner diameter portion of the cross-section “U” is magnetically connected, and the outer diameter opposing portion of the cross-section “U” is not abutted, and the space, ie, non-magnetic An area is provided.
[0025]
A field winding 10 is wound about 400 times in the inner central portion of the field iron core 9 and has a resistance of about 3Ω. As shown in FIG. 3, the winding 10 is connected between a positive electrode and a negative electrode (ground) of the DC output of the generator via a switch element 12 also serving as a polarity switch, and has a gate control terminal connected to the element. A Hi / Lo signal output terminal of a power generation controller (not shown) is connected.
[0026]
Next, the operation of the first embodiment having the above configuration will be described.
[0027]
First, a basic power generation operation will be described.
[0028]
When the field winding 10 wound in the field core 9 is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the 14 V battery 13 via the polarity switching element 12, a field current of about 4 A flows. An exciting magnetomotive force of about 1600 AT is generated in the field winding 10. The magnetomotive force is applied to the armature core 6 which is in close contact with the field iron core 9, and the magnetomotive force is also applied to the salient pole magnetic pole portion, which is a magnetic conduction path spaced apart on the outer diameter side, and its bearing surface. It is applied to a certain rotating yoke. For this reason, the armature core outer diameter portion passes through the rotor yoke 1 via the rotor salient pole portion 4 of the rotor, passes through the rotating yoke 1, and returns to the armature core 6 via the opposite polarity salient pole portion in the other magnetic pole group on the opposite side in the axial direction. Then, the magnetic flux flows back to the field core 9 and returns to the field core through another half of the armature core of the armature core. On the other hand, since the permanent magnet magnetic poles 5 are arranged between the salient pole magnetic pole portions 4 on the inner diameter surface of the rotating yoke 1, this magnetic flux also enters the armature core 6, and a part of the magnetic fluxes enters the field core. 9 is directed back to the magnetomotive force of the field winding, and is mostly pushed back, and detours in the armature core toward the salient pole portion 4 having a polarity different from that of the permanent magnet pole. As a result, the flow is linked to the armature winding 7. That is, the magnetic flux generated by the field winding and the magnetic flux generated by the magnet magnetic poles merge and interlink with the armature winding.
[0029]
When the rotor hub 2 is driven by the crankshaft of the engine and the rotating yoke 1 fixed thereto rotates, the flow of magnetic flux passing through the magnetic poles also rotates, so that the fixed armature core is provided on the armature core. The interlinkage magnetic flux where the magnetic flux from the field winding of the armature winding and the magnet magnetic flux merge alternately changes with time. For this reason, an electromotive force is generated, becomes DC power by the rectifier connected to the first and second armature windings, and charges the external electric load 14 and the battery 13. When there is no electric load 14 or when the consumption is small, the current flowing through the field winding 10 is weakened or reversed by the polarity switch shown in FIG. Then, the magnet flux in the armature interlinkage magnetic flux is in the same direction, but the magnetic flux by the field winding is weakened, and only the magnet magnetic flux or the magnetic flux is canceled by the reversal magnetic flux by the field winding and the chain is totally integrated. The generated magnetic power is weakened due to the reduced magnetic flux.
[0030]
Next, the operation will be supplementarily explained individually focusing on the configuration which is a feature of the configuration.
[0031]
The magnetic unevenness around the outer periphery of the rotor is approximately bisected in the axial direction, and the arrangement phase difference in the circumferential direction is electrically inverted by 180 degrees with respect to each other. The magnetic resistance in the axial direction is made larger than that in the radial direction through a non-magnetic region so as to increase the magnetic resistance in the axial direction, and is magnetically abutted and fixed to the outer diameter portion of the armature core. A large magnetomotive force is applied to the armature core bisected in the axial direction because of the configuration having the field core and the field winding wound therearound. When the magnetomotive force is applied, the flow of the magnetic flux returning from the armature to the rotor and from the rotor to the armature is small, and as a result, the interlinkage magnetic flux of the armature winding is large. That is, it has a magnetic circuit structure of an abduction type rotating machine which is thin and whose field can be adjusted.
[0032]
Further, since the armature winding is composed of two sets of three phases and has a phase difference of 30 ° mutually electrically, when the number of slots of the armature winding is a normal distributed winding, one pole and one phase 3 per unit is doubled to 6 and the transmission to the armature core of the windings and the heat dissipation of the armature windings are increased, so that the cooling performance is improved and the temperature of the field core connected to this is increased. And therefore low resistance. Therefore, under a condition of applying a constant voltage, a decrease in current, that is, a decrease in exciting force is reduced.
[0033]
Although the rotating machine configured as described above is thin, it can be performed only by adjusting the field current, which is a small current, without the difficulty of adjusting the output as in the conventional permanent magnet type. It will be.
[0034]
The vehicle direct-coupled generator solved as described above has a diameter of Φ300, L60, 5 kW in the prior art, but can be realized by Φ280, L30, 5 kW, and is reduced by about half. Thus, the power generation can be easily controlled.
[0035]
[Second embodiment]
In the first embodiment, the rotor is a hybrid magnetic pole composed of salient magnetic poles and magnet magnetic poles. However, as shown in FIG. 4, only the salient magnetic poles may be used. In this case, there are a merit that the cost of the magnet can be reduced and a demerit that the output is reduced due to the absence of the magnet magnetic flux.
[0036]
[Third Embodiment]
In the first and second embodiments, the aluminum material is used for the non-magnetic region between the armature cores. However, in the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. Magnetized in the direction opposite to the magnetomotive force generated by the magnetism. Thereby, there is a merit that the effective magnetic flux increases because the magnetic flux generated from the portion is added to the magnetic flux from the field iron core without the effective magnetic flux leakage in the axial direction between the armature cores.
[0037]
[Fourth embodiment]
In the first, second and third embodiments, the magnet is directly installed on the rotary yoke and the salient poles are formed. However, as shown in FIG. 6, the laminated core is integrated with or separate from the rotary yoke. However, the magnet may be buried here and there. That is, it may be an embedded magnet type magnetic pole.
[0038]
[Other embodiments]
In the first to fourth embodiments, the field winding has a shunt structure, but may have a series winding structure. That is, DC power between the battery and the battery can be applied to a series winding wound around a field core. As a result, a large current flows according to the size of the load, and the exciting force is increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a main part of a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is an axial view of the rotor of the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a circuit configuration in the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 (a) is a left side view in a sectional view of a main part of a second embodiment.
FIG. 4 (b) is a front view of a cross section of a main part of the second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a circuit configuration of a third embodiment.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a circuit configuration of a fourth embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Rotating yoke 2 Rotor hub 3 Rotating shaft 4 Salient magnetic pole portion 401 First magnetic pole group 402 Second magnetic pole Group 5: Magnet pole 6: Armature core 7: Armature winding 701: First armature three-phase winding 702: Second armature three Phase winding 8 Nonmagnetic spacer 9 Field iron core 10 Field winding 111 First rectifier 112 Second rectifier 12 Polarity Changeover switch 13 ··· Battery 14 ··· Electric load 15 ··· Rotor laminated core

Claims (7)

An inductor-type rotor having magnetic irregularities in the inner periphery; and an axial magnet having an approximately axial winding slot disposed opposite to the inner circumference of the rotor and containing an armature winding in the slot. A stator comprising a laminated armature core having a large resistance, and an outer portion having a field core and a field winding which are magnetically abutted and fixed to the inner diameter portion of the armature core and which circulates substantially coaxially. Rotating electric machine for rolling type vehicles. The magnetic irregularities around the inner periphery of the rotor are roughly bisected in the axial direction, and the arrangement phase difference in the circumferential direction is electrically inverted by 180 degrees with respect to each other. A magnetic field in which the non-magnetic region is interposed so as to increase the magnetic resistance in the axial direction, the magnetic resistance in the axial direction is made larger than that in the radial direction, and the magnetic field is fixed magnetically in contact with the inner diameter of the armature core. The rotary electric machine according to claim 1, further comprising an iron core and a field winding wound thereon. A permanent magnet is provided in the armature core non-magnetic region or the magnetically non-coupling region of the field core, and is magnetized in a direction facing an exciting force by the field winding. The rotary electric machine for an everting type vehicle according to claim 2. 5. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the armature windings are formed of two sets of three phases and mutually electrically have a phase difference of 30 [deg.]. In the magnetic irregularities around the outer periphery of the rotor, a permanent magnet having a polarity opposite to the polarity of the convex portion is attached to or built into the concave portion, and a magnetic pole whose polarity alternates between the convex portion and the concave portion is formed. The abduction type electric rotating machine for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the rotating electric machine is formed. 6. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, further comprising switching means for reversing the polarity of the current flowing through the field winding. 2. A motor generator motor for a vehicle, wherein one or both of the salient poles and the magnet poles are configured as embedded magnet type rotors having a so-called reverse saliency with a large horizontal axis reluctance and driven by an inverter. Rotating electric machines for abduction vehicles according to any one of (1) to (7).

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