JP2004099395A - Method of manufacturing ripe compost-like material - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing ripe compost-like material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004099395A
JP2004099395A JP2002265705A JP2002265705A JP2004099395A JP 2004099395 A JP2004099395 A JP 2004099395A JP 2002265705 A JP2002265705 A JP 2002265705A JP 2002265705 A JP2002265705 A JP 2002265705A JP 2004099395 A JP2004099395 A JP 2004099395A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
organic waste
product
heating
aged compost
organic
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Pending
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JP2002265705A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Kensuke Matsui
松井 謙介
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Kurita Water Industries Ltd filed Critical Kurita Water Industries Ltd
Priority to JP2002265705A priority Critical patent/JP2004099395A/en
Priority to CNA2006100046439A priority patent/CN1817821A/en
Priority to EP03794144A priority patent/EP1535888A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2003/011069 priority patent/WO2004022510A1/en
Priority to CNA2006100046424A priority patent/CN1817820A/en
Priority to KR20047003809A priority patent/KR100651066B1/en
Priority to AU2003261842A priority patent/AU2003261842B2/en
Priority to CNA038014513A priority patent/CN1585731A/en
Priority to US10/786,084 priority patent/US20040172996A1/en
Publication of JP2004099395A publication Critical patent/JP2004099395A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently manufacture a ripe compost-like material having high commercial value as an organic fertilizer in a method of manufacturing the ripe compost-like material by heating/drying and heat-treating organic waste. <P>SOLUTION: In the method of manufacturing the ripe compost-like material by heating/drying and heat-treating the organic waste, a polymer is added into and mixed with the organic waste to increase granulation property, thereby manufacturing the granular ripe compost-like material having excellent handleability. Or a potassium component is added into and mixed with the ripe compost-like material, thereby manufacturing the ripe compost-like material having well-balanced fertilizer components of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生物処理汚泥や畜糞等の有機性廃棄物を処理して熟成コンポストに類似した悪臭の無い製品を短時間で製造する方法に係り、特に、有機質肥料としての商品価値の高い熟成コンポスト様物を製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、生物処理汚泥や生ごみ、畜糞等の有機性廃棄物の処理方法としては、コンポスト化処理法、乾燥処理法、炭化処理法がある。
【0003】
コンポスト化処理法は、有機性廃棄物を醗酵させる方法であり、得られた熟成コンポストは、臭気成分が分解されているが有機物は安定化されて十分残留しており、取り扱い性に優れた肥料となる。しかしながら、このような熟成コンポストを得るには、数十日〜百数十日もの長期間の醗酵が必要である。
【0004】
これに対して、熱風等による乾燥装置で有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥し、有機性廃棄物中の水分を蒸発除去して水分量30〜0%の乾燥品を得る乾燥処理法や、炭化装置で有機性廃棄物を加熱乾留し、有機性廃棄物中の水分を完全に蒸発させた後も加熱を続け、200〜900℃という高温を維持することにより、有機物を炭化分解する炭化処理法は、短期間に処理が可能である。
【0005】
しかし、有機性廃棄物の乾燥品は、水分が単に蒸発しただけであり、原料が生ゴミである場合には比較的良好な性状の製品が得られるが、排水や廃棄物の生物処理から生じる汚泥を原料とした場合は、製品にはまだ安定化されていない有機物や臭気成分が残っている。このため、熟成コンポストと比較すると明らかに臭気や取り扱い性等の面で劣り、農地還元する場合などに問題が残る。
【0006】
これに対して、炭化により得られた製品では、悪臭は残らないものの、有機物は炭化分解してしまうために、土壌改良材にはなっても有機肥料的意義は無い。しかも、減量率が大きいために、原料中の塩が濃縮し、処理品中の塩濃度が高くなってしまうという問題点もある。更に、加熱コストや処理時間の面でも不利である。
【0007】
このような問題点を解決し、有機性廃棄物から熟成コンポストに類似した悪臭の無い製品を比較的低い処理温度と短い時間で低コストにて効率的に製造する技術として、特開2001−130990には、有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥した後、100〜200℃で熱処理して熟成コンポスト様物を製造する方法及び装置が提案された。
【0008】
この方法及び装置であれば、有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥し、100〜200℃という比較的低い温度での加熱を継続することにより、10〜20時間程度の短時間の処理で、悪臭がなく、しかも有機肥料分も十分に残留している上に塩分もさほど高くなく、有機肥料として有効な熟成コンポスト類似の製品を得ることができる。
【0009】
通常の生ゴミなどを原料としたコンポストは微生物により有機物の分解が行われた(即ち、醗酵)結果得られるもので、有機物が安定化している。従って、土壌に投入されたときの分解速度が遅く、それゆえ急激に分解されて酸素欠乏状態を招くことがない。また、臭気成分も除去されており悪臭も殆どない。しかし、コンポスト化処理法では、微生物の働き(醗酵)により有機物を安定化させ、臭気成分を除去するため、製造に長期間を要する。
【0010】
これに対して、特開2001−130990で製造されるコンポスト様物は、乾燥後の加熱分解で、コンポスト化処理法で得られる熟成コンポストと同様に臭気成分がなく、有機物が安定化した物質とされたものであり、特開2001−130990の方法及び装置によれば、有機性廃棄物を原料として、加熱乾燥し、その後熱処理して熱変成させることにより、醗酵過程を経ずに熟成コンポストと類似の有機質肥料を比較的低温の処理で、短時間(1日弱)で得ることができる。
【0011】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−130990
【0012】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
特開2001−130990に記載される方法により、有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥した後熱処理することにより製造された熟成コンポスト様物は、有機質肥料として製品化されるが、この場合、次のような更に解決すべき課題があった。
【0013】
▲1▼ 有機質肥料としての用途において、熟成コンポスト様物は造粒された粒状であることが取り扱い性等の面で望まれるが、有機性廃棄物のうち、特に畜糞等の有機性廃棄物を加熱して得られた熟成コンポスト様物は、通常粒径1mm以下の微粉状であるため、飛散、発塵等の問題があり、取り扱い性が悪い。
▲2▼ 有機質肥料としての用途において、熟成コンポスト様物中には、植物生育のための有効成分である窒素、リン、カリウムの三成分がバランス良く含まれていることが望まれるが、生物処理汚泥や畜糞等の有機性廃棄物から得られる熟成コンポスト様物は、窒素及びリン成分については5%程度(対乾燥重量割合)と有機質肥料として十分量が含有されているものの、カリウムの含有量は0.5%未満(対乾燥重量割合)と少ないため、有機質肥料として用いる際には、不足するカリウム分を補うために別途カリウムを含有する化学肥料を併用する必要がある。
【0014】
本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決し、有機質肥料としての取り扱い性や性状に優れ、商品価値の高い熟成コンポスト様物を製造する方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の熟成コンポスト様物の製造方法は、有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥した後、熱処理することにより熟成コンポスト様物を製造する方法において、該有機性廃棄物にポリマーを添加混合した後加熱乾燥し、次いで熱処理することを特徴とする。
【0016】
請求項1の方法によれば、有機性廃棄物にポリマーを添加混合することにより、加熱処理時の造粒性を高め、粒状で、飛散、発塵の問題がなく、取り扱い性に優れた熟成コンポスト様物を製造することができる。
【0017】
即ち、本発明者らは、有機性廃棄物の加熱時の造粒性について検討した結果、汚泥脱水ケーキであれば、比較的造粒性に優れるのに対して、畜糞等の有機性廃棄物を原料とする熟成コンポスト様物は造粒しないことから、汚泥の脱水処理時には、通常ポリマーが添加されているのに対して、畜糞にはポリマーが添加されていないことが、造粒性の良否の要因であることを知見し、有機性廃棄物にポリマーを添加混合して造粒性を高める請求項1の方法を発明した。
【0018】
請求項1の方法により製造された熟成コンポスト様物は、粒状であるため、発塵による作業環境の悪化、或いは飛散による歩留りの低下等の問題がなく、取り扱い性に優れる。
【0019】
請求項2の熟成コンポスト様物の製造方法は、有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥した後、熱処理することにより熟成コンポスト様物を製造する方法において、該有機性廃棄物にカリウム成分を添加混合した後加熱乾燥し、次いで熱処理することを特徴とする。
【0020】
この方法であれば、熟成コンポスト様物に不足するカリウム成分を、原料の有機性廃棄物に予め添加混合することにより、肥料有効成分である窒素、リン、カリウムの三成分がバランス良く含まれた熟成コンポスト様物を得ることができる。従って、このような熟成コンポスト様物であれば、有機質肥料としての使用に当たり、別途カリウムを含有する化学肥料を併用する必要がなく、施肥の手間は大幅に軽減される。
【0021】
なお、請求項2の方法において、加熱処理前に原料の有機性廃棄物にカリウム成分を添加することは極めて重要である。即ち、加熱処理により得られた熟成コンポスト様物にカリウムを添加混合しても、カリウムを補うことはできるが、この場合、カリウムは、熟成コンポスト様物に対して単に混合されているのみであるため、水との接触で直ちに溶出してしまい、有機質肥料としての遅効性を得ることができない。これに対して、請求項2の方法に従って、原料である有機性廃棄物にカリウム成分を添加して加熱処理することにより、添加されたカリウムが、加熱処理により有機性廃棄物中のフミン質と結合して、得られる熟成コンポスト様物中に窒素やリン成分と共に固定され、遅効性有機質肥料を得ることができる。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明の熟成コンポスト様物の製造方法の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。
【0023】
本発明における有機性廃棄物からの熟成コンポスト様物の製造では、有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥し、この乾燥処理により有機性廃棄物中の水分が徐々に蒸発し、含水率が1%未満となって乾燥が完了した後も、更に有機性廃棄物を好ましくは100〜200℃の温度で加熱を継続する。
【0024】
有機性廃棄物の加熱乾燥で水分が蒸発する過程において、水分が残留している間は、被処理物である有機性廃棄物の温度は100℃未満であるが、水分が完全に蒸発除去された後も加熱を継続すると、被処理物の温度は100℃以上に上昇する。この状態で被処理物を例えば3〜6時間程度維持すると、被処理物中の有機物量が減少し始める。有機物が3〜30%程度減少するまで加熱を継続すると臭気の殆どない熟成コンポスト様物を得ることができる。
【0025】
この加熱を終了して製品とするに好適な有機物の減少率は、処理する有機性廃棄物の種類によって異なり、例えば、活性汚泥の余剰汚泥の場合には10〜30%と比較的減少率が多く、消化汚泥の場合には3〜10%と比較的減少率が小さい。
【0026】
加熱乾燥工程が完了した後の熱処理時の加熱温度は好ましくは100〜200℃、より好ましくは150〜200℃とする。この温度範囲であれば、水分は完全に蒸発除去され、臭気成分も揮散、分解される一方で、有機物は炭化せず、良好な熟成コンポスト様物を得ることができる。
【0027】
本発明において、加熱乾燥及び熱処理に要する時間は、処理する原料の性状、及び乾燥容器への投入形態や加熱装置の仕様、運転条件等によっても異なるが通常の場合、加熱乾燥時間は10〜15時間、その後の熱処理時間は3〜6時間程度である。
【0028】
得られた製品は、臭気が殆どなく、有機肥料成分が十分に残留し、塩分もさほど高くはなく、かつ熟成コンポスト類似の良好なものである。
【0029】
図1は本発明の実施に好適な熟成コンポスト様物の製造装置の実施例を示す系統図である。
【0030】
有機性廃棄物の加熱には、直接加熱方式では発火の恐れがあることから、図1に示す装置では間接加熱装置を用いて、間接加熱で加熱乾燥と熱処理を行う。
【0031】
図1の間接加熱装置は、加熱媒体が循環するように、2重壁構造とされた加熱容器1の循環路に媒体油2を循環させて、内部の原料10を間接加熱するものである。この媒体油2は熱交換器3で加熱されて加熱容器1の循環路を循環する。有機性廃棄物は加熱容器1の上部投入口(図示せず)から投入され、回転軸4の回転により撹拌羽根5で撹拌されると共に、媒体油2で加熱され、製品の熟成コンポスト様物は加熱容器1の底部出口(図示せず)から取り出される。6は回転軸4の駆動用モーターである。
【0032】
このような間接加熱装置で有機性廃棄物を加熱する場合、媒体油2の温度を150〜200℃に維持すると、乾燥終了前は100℃未満の原料10が乾燥完了後は100〜200℃に維持され、良好な加熱が行われる。
【0033】
なお、このような処理においては、揮発性有機物を含む排ガスが発生するが、この排ガスは、排気口(図示せず)から取り出し、別途処理を行う。
【0034】
請求項1の方法では、このような熟成コンポスト様物の製造に当たり、原料の有機性廃棄物にポリマーを添加混合した後、直接または脱水操作の後に加熱処理に供する。
【0035】
このポリマーとしては、天然ポリマー、合成ポリマーのいずれでも良く、両者を併用しても良い。天然ポリマーとしては、デンプン、キトサン等を用いることができる。また、合成ポリマーとしては、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリメタクリルアミドのようなノニオン性ポリマー、ポリアクリル酸、アクリルアミドとアクリル酸との共重合体のようなアニオン性ポリマー、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライドとアクリルアミドとの共重合体のようなカチオン性ポリマー、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライドとアクリル酸とアクリルアミドとの共重合体のような両性ポリマー等を用いることができる。これらは1種を単独で用いても良く、2種以上を併用しても良い。
【0036】
ポリマーは、有機性廃棄物への添加混練性の点から、水溶液、分散液、エマルション等の液状で用いるのが好ましく、この水溶液中のポリマー濃度は0.1〜1.0重量%程度であることが好ましい。分散液やエマルションの場合、そのまま又は水溶液として用いることができる。
【0037】
有機性廃棄物へのポリマーの添加量は、当該有機性廃棄物の固形物濃度に応じて適宜決定される。例えば、固形物濃度が2%程度の有機汚泥等の場合は、固形物濃度を高めるために、乾燥重量比で0.6〜1.5%程度のポリマーを添加しての脱水操作が必要であり、脱水操作後は脱水汚泥中に留まるポリマーが加熱時の造粒効果も併せ持つことになる。
【0038】
これに対して、鶏糞などは固形物濃度が30%程度と高いため、脱水操作は不要であり、このような場合は造粒にのみ注目したポリマー添加量でよく、乾燥重量比で0.1〜0.5%程度で十分である。また、脱水剤としての機能は不要なため、デンプンなどの天然ポリマーでも十分に効果を発揮できる。
【0039】
ポリマーは、有機性廃棄物に対して十分に均一に混合されていることが好ましく、従って、有機性廃棄物の加熱処理装置とは別に混合槽を設け、有機性廃棄物にポリマーを添加混合した後、直接または脱水操作の後に加熱処理装置に投入して加熱処理を行うことが好ましい。なお、加熱処理装置が均一混合に十分な撹拌手段を備える場合には、有機性廃棄物とポリマーとを加熱処理装置に投入し、加熱に先立ち装置内で有機性廃棄物とポリマーとを十分に撹拌混合した後加熱を開始するようにしても良い。
【0040】
有機性廃棄物にポリマーを添加混合した混合物は、前述の如く撹拌下に加熱され、まず乾燥処理された後熱処理されて熟成コンポスト様物が得られるが、請求項1の方法によれば、この加熱撹拌時に良好な造粒が行われ、粒状で取り扱い性に優れた熟成コンポスト様物の製造方法が得られる。
【0041】
この熟成コンポスト様物の粒径には特に制限はないが、平均粒径2〜5mm程度であることが、有機質肥料としての取り扱い性の面で好ましい。
【0042】
請求項2の方法では、熟成コンポスト様物の製造に当たり、原料の有機性廃棄物にカリウム成分を添加混合した後、加熱処理に供する。
【0043】
このカリウム成分としては、カリウム化合物や高濃度にカリウムを含有する物質が挙げられる。カリウム化合物としては、一般的に化学肥料として用いられる硫酸カリウムや塩化カリウムなどの粉末が適している。また、高濃度にカリウムを含有する物としては、植物に有害な成分を含まないものが好ましく、ジャガイモカスなどの食品系廃棄物などを用いることができる。
【0044】
有機性廃棄物へのカリウム成分の添加量には特に制限はないが、得られる熟成コンポスト様物中のカリウム含有量が2〜5重量%(乾燥重量比)となるように添加すると、窒素、リン、カリウムの三成分がバランス良く含まれた熟成コンポスト様物が得られるため好ましい。
【0045】
なお、カリウム成分の均一混合性の面から、有機性廃棄物は含水率の低いものよりも、50〜85%程度の水分を含む比較的含水率の高いものが好ましいが、何らこれに限定されるものではない。また、有機性廃棄物への添加混合性の面から、カリウム成分は水溶液等の溶液として添加混合しても良い。
【0046】
カリウム成分も、前述のポリマーと同様に、有機性廃棄物に対して十分に均一に混合されていることが好ましく、従って、有機性廃棄物の加熱処理装置とは別に混合槽を設け、有機性廃棄物にカリウム成分を添加混合した後、加熱処理装置に投入して加熱処理を行うことが好ましいが、加熱処理装置が均一混合に十分な撹拌手段を備える場合には、有機性廃棄物とカリウム成分とを加熱処理装置に投入し、加熱に先立ち装置内で有機性廃棄物とカリウム成分とを十分に撹拌混合した後加熱を開始するようにしても良い。
【0047】
有機性廃棄物にカリウム成分を添加混合した混合物は、前述の如く撹拌下に加熱され、まず乾燥処理された後熱処理されて熟成コンポスト様物が得られるが、請求項2の方法によれば、通常の有機性廃棄物を原料とする熟成コンポスト様物では不足するカリウム成分を補うことにより、窒素、リン、カリウムの肥料成分がバランス良く含まれ、単独で肥料成分のバランスに優れた有機質肥料として用いることができる熟成コンポスト様物を得ることができる。
【0048】
本発明においては、有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥した後熱処理して熟成コンポスト様物を製造するに当たり、有機性廃棄物にポリマーとカリウム成分とを併用添加することにより、粒状で取り扱い性に優れると共に、肥料成分のバランスにも優れた商品価値の高い熟成コンポスト様物を得ることができる。
【0049】
なお、図1は本発明の実施に好適な熟成コンポスト様物の製造装置の一例を示すものであり、本発明の方法は、図1に示すように、加熱乾燥とその後の熱処理を同一の加熱容器で行うものに限らず、加熱乾燥と熱処理とを別々の容器で行う装置で実施することもできる。
【0050】
このような本発明の方法で処理する有機性廃棄物としては、下水処理汚泥や余剰汚泥、消化汚泥、浄化槽汚泥等、廃水や廃棄物の生物処理工程で生じる生物処理汚泥を脱水処理して得られる汚泥や、生ごみ、畜糞等を含むものが挙げられ、本発明によれば、このような有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥した後熱処理することにより、臭気が殆どなく、有機肥料成分が十分に残留し、塩分もさほど高くはなく、従って、有機肥料として有効利用可能な、商品価値の高い熟成コンポスト様物を得ることができる。
【0051】
【実施例】
以下に実施例及び比較例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明する。
【0052】
実施例1
図1に示す装置で、鶏糞を原料として加熱処理して熟成コンポスト様物の製造を行った。
【0053】
鶏糞に合成ポリマーであるポリアクリルアミドの0.2重量%水溶液を、乾燥重量比で鶏糞に対して0.5重量%添加して均一に混合したものを加熱容器に投入し、撹拌下加熱処理した。媒体油としては200℃に加熱したものを循環させた。その結果、8時間の加熱処理で容器内の被処理物が完全乾燥して温度が100℃に上昇した。更にその後も100〜200℃で3時間熱処理して粒状の熟成コンポスト様物を得た。
【0054】
得られた熟成コンポスト様物の平均粒径と、熟成コンポスト様物中に含まれる粒径1mm以下の微粉分の割合を調べ、結果を表1に示した。
【0055】
比較例1
実施例1において、ポリマーを添加しなかったこと以外は同様にして熟成コンポスト様物を製造し、得られた熟成コンポスト様物の平均粒径と、熟成コンポスト様物中に含まれる粒径1mm以下の微粉分の割合を調べ、結果を表1に示した。
【0056】
【表1】

Figure 2004099395
【0057】
表1より、ポリマーを添加することにより、粒状で取り扱い性に優れた熟成コンポスト様物を製造することができることがわかる。
【0058】
実施例2
図1に示す装置で、含水率82%の有機汚泥(活性汚泥処理工程から排出される余剰汚泥)を原料として熟成コンポスト様物の製造を行った。
【0059】
有機汚泥160kgに硫酸カリウム粉末4kgを添加して混合したものを加熱容器に投入し、撹拌下加熱処理した。媒体油としては200℃に加熱したものを循環させた。その結果、13時間の加熱処理で容器内の被処理物が完全乾燥して濃度が100℃に上昇した。更にその後も100〜200℃で4時間熱処理して粒径1〜5mm程度に粒状化した熟成コンポスト様物を得た。
【0060】
得られた熟成コンポスト様物の窒素、リン酸及びカリウム含有量を調べ、結果を表2に示した。
【0061】
比較例2
実施例1において、硫酸カリウム粉末を添加しなかったこと以外は同様にして熟成コンポスト様物を製造し、得られた熟成コンポスト様物の窒素、リン酸及びカリウム含有量を調べ、結果を表2に示した。
【0062】
【表2】
Figure 2004099395
【0063】
表2より、カリウム成分を添加することにより、肥料成分のバランスが良好な熟成コンポスト様物を製造することができることがわかる。
【0064】
なお、実施例2で得られた熟成コンポスト様物を土1mに対して5kg施肥してコマツナのポット栽培試験を行ったところ、市販の化学肥料(N,P,K各10重量%)の2.5kg/mの施肥の場合よりもはるかに良好な生育効果を得ることができた。
【0065】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、請求項1の熟成コンポスト様物の製造方法によれば、有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥した後熱処理して熟成コンポスト様物を製造する方法において、造粒性を高め、粒状で飛散、発塵の問題がなく、取り扱い性に優れた熟成コンポスト様物を製造することができる。
【0066】
また、請求項2の熟成コンポスト様物の製造方法によれば、有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥した後熱処理して熟成コンポスト様物を製造する方法において、有機質肥料としての窒素、リン、カリウムのバランスに優れ、単独使用で良好な添加効果を得ることができる熟成コンポスト様物を製造することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施に好適な熟成コンポスト様物の製造装置の実施例を示す断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 加熱容器
2 媒体油
3 熱交換器
4 回転軸
5 撹拌羽根
6 モーター
10 原料[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for treating a biological waste sludge or an organic waste such as livestock dung and producing a product having no odor similar to an aged compost in a short time, and in particular, an aged compost having a high commercial value as an organic fertilizer. And a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, methods for treating organic waste such as biologically treated sludge, garbage, and livestock dung include a composting method, a drying method, and a carbonizing method.
[0003]
The composting method is a method of fermenting organic waste, and the obtained aged compost has a decomposed odor component, but the organic matter is stabilized and remains sufficiently. It becomes. However, in order to obtain such aged compost, fermentation for a long period of several tens to several hundreds of days is required.
[0004]
On the other hand, a drying method in which organic waste is heated and dried by a drying device using hot air or the like, and water in the organic waste is removed by evaporation to obtain a dried product having a water content of 30 to 0%, or a carbonizing device. The carbonization method of carbonizing and decomposing organic materials by heating and carbonizing organic wastes and continuing heating after completely evaporating water in the organic wastes and maintaining a high temperature of 200 to 900 ° C. It can be processed in a short time.
[0005]
However, dried organic waste products simply evaporate water, and if the raw material is raw garbage, a product with relatively good properties can be obtained, but it is generated from wastewater and biological treatment of waste. When sludge is used as a raw material, unstabilized organic substances and odor components remain in the product. For this reason, it is clearly inferior in terms of odor and handleability as compared with aged compost, and there remains a problem when returning to agricultural land.
[0006]
On the other hand, in the product obtained by carbonization, although the odor does not remain, the organic matter is carbonized and decomposed, so that it has no significance as an organic fertilizer even if it becomes a soil improvement material. In addition, since the rate of weight loss is large, there is also a problem that the salt in the raw material is concentrated and the salt concentration in the processed product is increased. Further, it is disadvantageous in terms of heating cost and processing time.
[0007]
As a technique for solving such problems and efficiently producing a product having no bad odor similar to an aged compost from organic waste at a relatively low processing temperature and in a short time at a low cost, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-130990 discloses a technique. Proposed a method and an apparatus for producing an aged compost-like product by heating and drying an organic waste and then heat-treating the same at 100 to 200 ° C.
[0008]
With this method and apparatus, the organic waste is heated and dried, and the heating is continued at a relatively low temperature of 100 to 200 ° C., so that the treatment is performed in a short time of about 10 to 20 hours, and there is no odor. In addition, a sufficient amount of organic fertilizer remains and the salt content is not so high, and a product similar to aged compost which is effective as an organic fertilizer can be obtained.
[0009]
A compost made from ordinary garbage or the like is obtained as a result of decomposition of organic substances by microorganisms (that is, fermentation), and the organic substances are stabilized. Accordingly, the decomposition rate when introduced into the soil is low, and therefore, it is not rapidly decomposed and does not lead to an oxygen-deficient state. In addition, odor components are also removed, and there is almost no odor. However, in the composting method, a long period of production is required because organic substances are stabilized by the action of microorganisms (fermentation) and odor components are removed.
[0010]
On the other hand, the compost-like product produced in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-130990 is a substance in which, by thermal decomposition after drying, has no odorous components and a stable organic substance, like the aged compost obtained by the composting treatment method. According to the method and apparatus of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-130990, organic waste is used as a raw material, heated and dried, and then heat-treated and thermally denatured. Similar organic fertilizer can be obtained in a relatively short time (less than a day) by a relatively low temperature treatment.
[0011]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-130990A
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
According to the method described in JP-A-2001-130990, an aged compost-like product produced by heat-drying an organic waste and then heat-treating the same is commercialized as an organic fertilizer. In this case, There were further problems to be solved.
[0013]
(1) For use as an organic fertilizer, it is desired that the aged compost-like material is in the form of granulated granules in terms of handleability, etc. Among organic wastes, especially organic waste such as animal dung is used. The aged compost-like product obtained by heating is usually in the form of fine powder having a particle size of 1 mm or less, and thus has problems such as scattering and dust generation, and is poor in handleability.
(2) For use as an organic fertilizer, it is desirable that the aged compost-like product contains nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are effective ingredients for plant growth, in a well-balanced manner. Aged compost-like products obtained from organic wastes such as sludge and animal dung contain about 5% of nitrogen and phosphorus components (based on dry weight) and a sufficient amount as organic fertilizer, but potassium content Is less than 0.5% (relative to dry weight), and therefore, when used as an organic fertilizer, it is necessary to separately use a potassium-containing chemical fertilizer in order to compensate for the lack of potassium.
[0014]
An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems and to provide a method for producing an aged compost-like product having excellent handleability and properties as an organic fertilizer and high commercial value.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A method for producing an aged compost-like product according to claim 1, wherein the organic waste is heated, dried and then heat-treated to produce an aged compost-like product. It is characterized by drying and then heat treatment.
[0016]
According to the method of the first aspect, by adding and mixing the polymer to the organic waste, the granulation property at the time of the heat treatment is enhanced, and the aging is excellent in the handling property without the problem of scattering and dusting in granular form. Compost-like products can be produced.
[0017]
That is, the present inventors have studied the granulation properties of organic wastes during heating. As a result, if the sludge dewatered cake is relatively excellent in granulation properties, the organic wastes such as animal dung etc. Since the aged compost-like material made from slag is not granulated, the polymer is usually added at the time of sludge dewatering, whereas the polymer is not added to the animal manure, which indicates that the granulation property is good. Invented was the method according to claim 1, which improved the granulation property by adding and mixing a polymer to the organic waste.
[0018]
Since the aged compost-like product produced by the method of claim 1 is granular, there is no problem such as deterioration of the working environment due to dust generation or reduction in yield due to scattering, and excellent handling properties.
[0019]
The method for producing an aged compost-like material according to claim 2 is a method for producing an aged compost-like material by heating and drying an organic waste, followed by heat treatment, wherein a potassium component is added to and mixed with the organic waste. It is characterized by drying by heating and then heat treatment.
[0020]
According to this method, by adding and mixing in advance the potassium component deficient in the aged compost-like material to the organic waste as a raw material, the three components of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are the active ingredients of the fertilizer, are contained in a well-balanced manner. An aged compost-like product can be obtained. Therefore, such an aged compost-like product does not require the use of a separate potassium-containing chemical fertilizer when used as an organic fertilizer, and the labor of fertilization is greatly reduced.
[0021]
In the method of the second aspect, it is extremely important to add a potassium component to the raw organic waste before the heat treatment. That is, even if potassium is added to and mixed with the aged compost-like product obtained by the heat treatment, potassium can be supplemented, but in this case, potassium is simply mixed with the aged compost-like product. Therefore, it is eluted immediately upon contact with water, and it is not possible to obtain a delayed effect as an organic fertilizer. On the other hand, according to the method of claim 2, by adding a potassium component to the organic waste as a raw material and performing a heat treatment, the added potassium is reduced to a humic substance in the organic waste by the heat treatment. By binding, it is fixed together with nitrogen and phosphorus components in the obtained aged compost-like product, and a slow-acting organic fertilizer can be obtained.
[0022]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the method for producing an aged compost-like product of the present invention will be described in detail.
[0023]
In the production of the aged compost-like product from the organic waste in the present invention, the organic waste is dried by heating, and the moisture in the organic waste is gradually evaporated by this drying treatment, and the water content is reduced to less than 1%. After the drying is completed, the organic waste is further heated, preferably at a temperature of 100 to 200 ° C.
[0024]
In the process of evaporating water by heating and drying the organic waste, while the water remains, the temperature of the organic waste to be treated is lower than 100 ° C., but the water is completely evaporated and removed. If the heating is continued after the heating, the temperature of the object to be treated rises to 100 ° C. or higher. When the object to be processed is maintained in this state, for example, for about 3 to 6 hours, the amount of organic substances in the object to be processed starts to decrease. When the heating is continued until the organic matter is reduced by about 3 to 30%, an aged compost-like substance having almost no odor can be obtained.
[0025]
The rate of reduction of the organic matter suitable for completing the heating to obtain a product differs depending on the type of the organic waste to be treated. For example, in the case of excess sludge of activated sludge, the rate of reduction is relatively as low as 10 to 30%. In many cases, in the case of digested sludge, the reduction rate is relatively small at 3 to 10%.
[0026]
The heating temperature during the heat treatment after the completion of the heating and drying step is preferably 100 to 200 ° C, more preferably 150 to 200 ° C. Within this temperature range, water is completely evaporated and removed, and odor components are also volatilized and decomposed, but organic matter is not carbonized and a good aged compost-like product can be obtained.
[0027]
In the present invention, the time required for heat drying and heat treatment varies depending on the properties of the raw material to be treated, the form of introduction into the drying vessel, the specifications of the heating device, the operating conditions, and the like. And the subsequent heat treatment time is about 3 to 6 hours.
[0028]
The resulting product has almost no odor, has a sufficient amount of organic fertilizer components remaining, is not so high in salt content, and is similar to aged compost.
[0029]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of an apparatus for producing an aged compost-like material suitable for carrying out the present invention.
[0030]
In the heating of the organic waste, since there is a risk of ignition in the direct heating method, the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 uses an indirect heating device to perform heating drying and heat treatment by indirect heating.
[0031]
The indirect heating apparatus in FIG. 1 is configured to indirectly heat a raw material 10 inside by circulating a medium oil 2 in a circulation path of a heating vessel 1 having a double wall structure so that a heating medium is circulated. The medium oil 2 is heated by the heat exchanger 3 and circulates in the circulation path of the heating vessel 1. The organic waste is introduced from an upper inlet (not shown) of the heating vessel 1 and is stirred by the stirring blade 5 by the rotation of the rotating shaft 4 and is heated by the medium oil 2 so that the aged compost-like product is obtained. It is taken out from the bottom outlet (not shown) of the heating vessel 1. Reference numeral 6 denotes a drive motor for driving the rotating shaft 4.
[0032]
When the organic waste is heated by such an indirect heating device, when the temperature of the medium oil 2 is maintained at 150 to 200 ° C, the raw material 10 having a temperature of less than 100 ° C before the end of the drying is reduced to 100 to 200 ° C after the completion of the drying. Maintained and good heating is provided.
[0033]
In such a process, an exhaust gas containing a volatile organic substance is generated. The exhaust gas is taken out from an exhaust port (not shown) and is separately processed.
[0034]
In the method of claim 1, in producing such an aged compost-like product, a polymer is added to and mixed with the organic waste as a raw material, and then subjected to a heat treatment directly or after a dehydration operation.
[0035]
As this polymer, either a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer may be used, or both may be used in combination. As the natural polymer, starch, chitosan, and the like can be used. Examples of the synthetic polymer include a nonionic polymer such as polyacrylamide and polymethacrylamide, an anionic polymer such as polyacrylic acid and a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, and (meth) acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride. A cationic polymer such as a copolymer with acrylamide, an amphoteric polymer such as a copolymer of (meth) acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, acrylic acid and acrylamide, and the like can be used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0036]
The polymer is preferably used in the form of a liquid such as an aqueous solution, dispersion, or emulsion from the viewpoint of kneading and adding to the organic waste, and the polymer concentration in the aqueous solution is about 0.1 to 1.0% by weight. Is preferred. In the case of a dispersion or an emulsion, it can be used as it is or as an aqueous solution.
[0037]
The amount of the polymer added to the organic waste is appropriately determined according to the solid concentration of the organic waste. For example, in the case of organic sludge having a solid matter concentration of about 2%, a dehydration operation by adding a polymer having a dry weight ratio of about 0.6 to 1.5% is necessary to increase the solid matter concentration. In other words, the polymer remaining in the dewatered sludge after the dewatering operation also has a granulating effect during heating.
[0038]
On the other hand, since the solid concentration of chicken dung and the like is as high as about 30%, a dehydration operation is not required. In such a case, the amount of the polymer added only to the granulation may be used, and the dry weight ratio is 0.1%. About 0.5% is sufficient. In addition, since a function as a dehydrating agent is unnecessary, a natural polymer such as starch can sufficiently exert the effect.
[0039]
It is preferable that the polymer is sufficiently uniformly mixed with the organic waste, and therefore, a mixing tank is provided separately from the organic waste heat treatment apparatus, and the polymer is added to the organic waste and mixed. After that, it is preferable to carry out the heat treatment directly or after the dehydration operation, by putting into a heat treatment apparatus. If the heat treatment apparatus has sufficient stirring means for uniform mixing, the organic waste and the polymer are charged into the heat treatment apparatus, and the organic waste and the polymer are sufficiently mixed in the apparatus before heating. After stirring and mixing, heating may be started.
[0040]
The mixture obtained by adding and mixing the polymer to the organic waste is heated under stirring as described above, and is first dried and then heat-treated to obtain an aged compost-like product. Good granulation is performed during the heating and stirring, and a method for producing an aged compost-like product which is granular and has excellent handleability is obtained.
[0041]
Although the particle size of the aged compost-like product is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the average particle size is about 2 to 5 mm from the viewpoint of handleability as an organic fertilizer.
[0042]
In the method according to the second aspect, in producing an aged compost-like product, a potassium component is added to and mixed with the organic waste as a raw material, and then the mixture is subjected to a heat treatment.
[0043]
Examples of the potassium component include a potassium compound and a substance containing potassium at a high concentration. As the potassium compound, powders such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride which are generally used as chemical fertilizers are suitable. As the substance containing potassium at a high concentration, one containing no harmful components to plants is preferable, and food waste such as potato moss can be used.
[0044]
The amount of the potassium component added to the organic waste is not particularly limited. However, when the potassium content in the obtained aged compost-like product is 2 to 5% by weight (dry weight ratio), nitrogen, It is preferable because an aged compost-like product containing three components of phosphorus and potassium in a well-balanced manner can be obtained.
[0045]
In addition, from the viewpoint of uniform mixing of the potassium component, the organic waste preferably has a relatively high water content containing about 50 to 85% of water, but is not limited thereto. Not something. In addition, from the viewpoint of adding and mixing the organic waste, the potassium component may be added and mixed as a solution such as an aqueous solution.
[0046]
It is preferable that the potassium component is sufficiently uniformly mixed with the organic waste similarly to the polymer described above. Therefore, a mixing tank is provided separately from the organic waste heat treatment apparatus, and After adding and mixing the potassium component to the waste, it is preferable to perform the heat treatment by introducing the mixture into a heat treatment apparatus, but when the heat treatment apparatus is provided with sufficient stirring means for uniform mixing, organic waste and potassium are added. The components may be charged into a heat treatment apparatus, and the organic waste and the potassium component may be sufficiently stirred and mixed in the apparatus prior to heating, and then heating may be started.
[0047]
The mixture obtained by adding and mixing the potassium component to the organic waste is heated under stirring as described above, and is first dried and then heat-treated to obtain an aged compost-like product. By compensating for the insufficient potassium component in aged compost-like products made from ordinary organic waste, the fertilizer component of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is contained in a well-balanced manner. An aged compost-like product that can be used can be obtained.
[0048]
In the present invention, the organic waste is heated and dried and then heat-treated to produce an aged compost-like product.By adding a polymer and a potassium component to the organic waste in combination, the granular waste is excellent in handleability. In addition, an aged compost-like product having a high commercial value and a good balance of fertilizer components can be obtained.
[0049]
FIG. 1 shows an example of an apparatus for producing an aged compost-like material suitable for carrying out the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method of the present invention employs the same heating and drying as in FIG. The present invention is not limited to the method performed in a container, and may be performed by an apparatus that performs heat drying and heat treatment in separate containers.
[0050]
The organic waste to be treated by the method of the present invention is obtained by dewatering biologically treated sludge generated in a biologically treating wastewater or waste, such as sewage treatment sludge, excess sludge, digestion sludge, and septic tank sludge. Sludge, garbage, waste containing animal dung, etc., according to the present invention, by heat-drying such organic waste, followed by heat treatment, there is almost no odor, organic fertilizer components are sufficient An aged compost-like product having a high commercial value and remaining effectively and having a low salt content, which can be effectively used as an organic fertilizer, can be obtained.
[0051]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
[0052]
Example 1
Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, chicken compost was subjected to a heat treatment to produce an aged compost-like product.
[0053]
A 0.2% by weight aqueous solution of polyacrylamide, a synthetic polymer, was added to chicken dung in an amount of 0.5% by weight relative to chicken dung in a dry weight ratio, and the mixture was uniformly mixed and charged in a heating vessel, and heat-treated under stirring. . The medium oil heated to 200 ° C. was circulated. As a result, the object to be processed in the container was completely dried by the heat treatment for 8 hours, and the temperature was increased to 100 ° C. Thereafter, the mixture was further heat-treated at 100 to 200 ° C. for 3 hours to obtain granular aged compost-like products.
[0054]
The average particle size of the obtained aged compost-like product and the ratio of fine powder having a particle size of 1 mm or less contained in the aged compost-like product were examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0055]
Comparative Example 1
Aged compost-like product was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer was not added, and the average particle size of the obtained aged compost-like product and the particle size of 1 mm or less contained in the aged compost-like product And the results are shown in Table 1.
[0056]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004099395
[0057]
Table 1 shows that the addition of the polymer makes it possible to produce an aged compost-like product which is granular and has excellent handleability.
[0058]
Example 2
Using the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, an aged compost-like product was produced using organic sludge having a water content of 82% (excess sludge discharged from the activated sludge treatment step) as a raw material.
[0059]
A mixture obtained by adding 4 kg of potassium sulfate powder to 160 kg of organic sludge was put into a heating vessel, and heated under stirring. The medium oil heated to 200 ° C. was circulated. As a result, the object to be treated in the container was completely dried by the heat treatment for 13 hours, and the concentration increased to 100 ° C. Further, after that, heat treatment was performed at 100 to 200 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain an aged compost-like product granulated to a particle size of about 1 to 5 mm.
[0060]
The nitrogen-, phosphoric-acid and potassium contents of the obtained aged compost-like product were examined, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0061]
Comparative Example 2
Aged compost-like product was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the potassium sulfate powder was not added, and the obtained aged compost-like product was examined for nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potassium contents. It was shown to.
[0062]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004099395
[0063]
Table 2 shows that the addition of the potassium component makes it possible to produce an aged compost-like product having a good balance of fertilizer components.
[0064]
The aged compost-like material obtained in Example 2 was fertilized with 5 kg on 1 m 3 of soil to conduct a pot cultivation test of komatsuna. As a result, commercially available chemical fertilizers (N, P, K, 10% by weight each) were used. than in the case of fertilization of 2.5 kg / m 3 could be obtained much better growth effect.
[0065]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, according to the method for producing an aged compost-like product according to claim 1, in the method for producing an aged compost-like product by heating and drying an organic waste and then heat-treating the same, the granulation property is improved and the granularity is improved. Thus, it is possible to produce an aged compost-like product which has no problem of scattering and dust generation and is excellent in handleability.
[0066]
According to the method for producing an aged compost-like product according to claim 2, in the method for producing an aged compost-like product by heating and drying an organic waste and then heat-treating the same, the balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as an organic fertilizer is provided. And an aged compost-like product which can obtain a good effect of addition when used alone.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of an apparatus for producing an aged compost-like material suitable for carrying out the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heating container 2 Medium oil 3 Heat exchanger 4 Rotating shaft 5 Stirring blade 6 Motor 10 Raw material

Claims (2)

有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥した後、熱処理することにより熟成コンポスト様物を製造する方法において、
該有機性廃棄物にポリマーを添加混合した後加熱乾燥し、次いで熱処理することを特徴とする熟成コンポスト様物の製造方法。
In a method of producing an aged compost-like product by heating and drying an organic waste, followed by heat treatment,
A method for producing an aged compost-like product, comprising adding a polymer to the organic waste, mixing, heating and drying, and then subjecting to heat treatment.
有機性廃棄物を加熱乾燥した後、熱処理することにより熟成コンポスト様物を製造する方法において、
該有機性廃棄物にカリウム成分を添加混合した後加熱乾燥し、次いで熱処理することを特徴とする熟成コンポスト様物の製造方法。
In a method of producing an aged compost-like product by heating and drying an organic waste, followed by heat treatment,
A method for producing an aged compost-like product, comprising adding a potassium component to the organic waste, mixing, heating and drying, and then heat-treating the organic waste.
JP2002265705A 2002-09-02 2002-09-11 Method of manufacturing ripe compost-like material Pending JP2004099395A (en)

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JP2002265705A JP2004099395A (en) 2002-09-11 2002-09-11 Method of manufacturing ripe compost-like material
CNA2006100046439A CN1817821A (en) 2002-09-02 2003-08-29 Method for producing matured compost-like material
EP03794144A EP1535888A1 (en) 2002-09-02 2003-08-29 Apparatus and method for producing matured compost-like substance
PCT/JP2003/011069 WO2004022510A1 (en) 2002-09-02 2003-08-29 Apparatus and method for producing matured compost-like substance
CNA2006100046424A CN1817820A (en) 2002-09-02 2003-08-29 Method for producing matured compost-like material
KR20047003809A KR100651066B1 (en) 2002-09-02 2003-08-29 Apparatus and method for producing matured compost-like material
AU2003261842A AU2003261842B2 (en) 2002-09-02 2003-08-29 Apparatus and method for producing matured compost-like substance
CNA038014513A CN1585731A (en) 2002-09-02 2003-08-29 Apparatus and method for producing matured compost-like material
US10/786,084 US20040172996A1 (en) 2002-09-02 2004-02-26 Apparatus and method for producing matured compost-like material

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008510871A (en) * 2004-08-26 2008-04-10 カン,ソン−クオン Waste-derived solid fuel production equipment using combustible waste

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008510871A (en) * 2004-08-26 2008-04-10 カン,ソン−クオン Waste-derived solid fuel production equipment using combustible waste

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