JP2004098222A - Cutting device, machining device, and cutting method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To continuously cut an object made of a single member such as glass, ceramics, resin and metal or a composite member by one kind of cutting tool. <P>SOLUTION: A striking body 1 is mounted on a spindle 103 erected by providing a fitting gap on a main surface of a rotating body 101. The striking body 1 has a prescribed fitting gap 104 with the spindle 103 and is mounted so that a part of an outer periphery of the striking body 1 may be located at the outside of an outer periphery of the rotating body 101. The rotating body 101 is rotated at high speed to collide the striking body 1 with a workpiece at a speed more than the critical impact speed of the workpiece. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cutting device that can continuously cut an object made of a single member such as glass, ceramics, resin, metal, or the like or a composite member thereof with one kind of cutting tool (cutting tool). More specifically, the present invention relates to a cutting apparatus and a cutting method for cutting a very surface region of an object while crushing the object by colliding a hitting body made of a hard solid with the object at high speed and high frequency.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When cutting and disassembling CRT (CRT / cathode ray tube) glass for the purpose of recycling processing, a method of winding a heater wire around the CRT and using thermal shock by energizing heating, cutting by high-speed rotation of a diamond wheel cutter, or gas It is common to use means such as fusing.
[0003]
In addition, the cutting of thin steel sheets (cold rolled steel sheets, etc.) that form the body of automobiles, housings of various home appliances, and other components is performed by using a band-shaped cutter (band saw) with a hard saw blade or a disk shape. Generally, cutting using a cutter (metal saw), grinder cutting using a grindstone tool in which abrasive grains are formed into a disk shape or a cylindrical shape, or gas fusing using acetylene gas or the like is common.
[0004]
The cutting of the resin molded product is generally performed by a band saw, a metal saw, an end mill, or the like. A cutting device has been proposed that can rotate or move one type of tool (a tool having a cutting edge) at high speed to sequentially and continuously cut different materials such as glass such as the above-mentioned cathode ray tube, a thin steel plate, and a resin molded product. Absent. Instead of cutting, a hammer type is introduced as a crusher or metal surface treatment machine, but this cannot be a cutting machine due to the principle of operation of the mechanism. (See Patent Documents 1 and 2).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
U.S. Pat. No. 2,244,577
[Patent Document 2]
U.S. Pat. No. 5,562,257
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-mentioned conventional cutting methods have the following problems.
[0007]
(1) In the above-described CRT glass cutting, the residual stress of the glass is not constant due to differences in the shape, size, manufacturing process, and the like of the CRT. Therefore, it is difficult to find stable cutting and heating conditions and to form a stable and constant cut surface in the heater wire energization heating method using thermal shock.
[0008]
Further, in cutting with a diamond wheel cutter, if the cutting speed is increased, the wear speed of the diamond wheel cutter increases due to frictional heat, so that the cutting speed is limited. Moreover, the diamond wheel cutter is expensive, and the cutting amount is closely related to the wear amount of the diamond wheel, so that the cutting cost is large.
[0009]
Further, the fusing using a high-temperature gas has a low cutting speed, and is dangerous if there is an inflammable material near an object to be cut or a cut portion, and the usable range is limited.
[0010]
(2) When cutting the thin steel sheet using a tool such as a band saw or a metal saw, the cutting is performed by strongly pressing the cutting edge portion of the tool against the object to be cut and causing continuous shear failure to the object to be cut. .
[0011]
Since the cutting edge is strongly pressed against the object to be cut, the frictional heat at the cutting portion is large, and the embrittlement and softening of the cutting edge due to the heat increase the wear of the cutting edge.
[0012]
The cutting speed is greatly reduced and limited by the wear of the cutting edge. Further, since the cutting edge portion is cut into the object, a large rigidity is required for holding the tool (cutter) and the object, and a large holding mechanism and high equipment cost are required.
[0013]
The grinder cutting using a grindstone is performed by continuous small shearing by cutting edges of abrasive grains. Since the corners (cutting edges) of the abrasive grains are not so sharp and the peripheral speed of the grinder is relatively high, the frictional heat at the cut portion is large. In order to secure the life of the grindstone, it is necessary to appropriately control the temperature of the cutting portion, and the cutting speed is limited.
[0014]
In gas blowing of acetylene or the like, it is important for safety that there is no combustible material near the cut portion, and the cutting range is limited.
[0015]
(3) When a band saw, a metal saw, or the like is used for cutting a resin molded product or the like, if the cutting speed is increased, the vicinity of the cut portion of the object to be cut is ignited or melted due to frictional heat with the tool, and physical properties change.
[0016]
(4) When cutting a metal magnetic component using a blade mainly made of an iron alloy, fragments and powder of the object to be cut generated at the time of cutting adhere to the cutting edge because of the magnetic material, and increase the frictional resistance of the cutting edge or increase the cutting edge. Damage greatly reduces the cutting ability.
[0017]
(5) It is extremely difficult to sequentially and continuously cut an object to be cut composed of a plurality of members having different physical properties (eg, metal, resin molded product, glass, ferrite, etc.) using the same tool. .
[0018]
(6) When the cutting information (physical property, etc.) of the object to be cut is unknown, or the object to be cut is composed of a plurality of members, and the shape or material of the member hidden behind the surface member is unknown. In this case, the optimum cutting conditions cannot be found only from the image information of the surface or the external shape of the object to be cut, and automatic control of the optimum cutting is impossible.
[0019]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a plastic wave theory in which a high-speed tensile force equal to or higher than a critical impact velocity causes a break immediately at a force end, or a high-speed compressive force or a high-speed tension higher than a critical impact speed. The theory that ductility is rapidly reduced by adding, and the applied end is broken by a small strain (a phenomenon similar to becoming brittle) was put to practical use as a cutting device.
[0020]
Specifically, instead of a tool having a conventional cutting edge, a striking body made of a hard solid such as metal is made to collide with an object to be cut (hereinafter, referred to as a “workpiece” or a “workpiece”) at a very high speed and at a high frequency. This instantaneously destroys and removes only the impact portion at the tip of the impacting body.
The impacting body reflects immediately after the collision and does not affect the object below the critical impact velocity.
[0021]
That is, according to the present invention, when a high-speed circular moving impact body collides with a work at a speed higher than the critical impact speed of the work and reflects (rebounds), the high-speed compression generated by the impact, or the high-speed pull by friction, the high-speed shearing The cutting device is based on the principle of instantaneously crushing (breaking) the surface of the work into fine particles or fine pieces in a very limited range in the vicinity of the collision area between the impacting body and the work.
[0022]
Generally, at the time of processing, an external force such as a tensile force, a compressive force, or a shear force is applied to a work by the movement of a tool, thereby causing distortion or deformation of the work. At this time, as the tool speed, that is, the processing speed is increased, when the processing speed reaches a certain limit, the ductility of the work rapidly decreases. This critical speed is called the critical impact speed. When the processing speed becomes equal to or higher than the critical impact speed, the contact end of the workpiece with the tool is immediately destroyed. By utilizing this, the impacting body is caused to impact and reflect on the work at a critical impact speed or higher, so that only the very surface portion of the collision portion of the work can be destroyed and removed. And the unit time
This phenomenon can be repeatedly generated if the number of hits of the hitting body per hit is extremely increased.
[0023]
Further, by sequentially moving the impact position of the impacting body, it is possible to sequentially remove only the impact portion without destroying portions other than the impact portion of the work. Macroscopically, this means that the workpiece is being cut. According to this cutting method, a relatively smooth cut surface can be obtained.
[0024]
In order to rapidly reduce the ductility of the work, it is necessary to cause the impacting body to collide with the work at a speed higher than the critical impact velocity of the work. Specifically, the collision speed is generally preferably about 100 m / sec (about 360 km / hr) or more, more preferably about 340 m / sec (about 1224 km / hr).
[0025]
When the collision speed is converted into the peripheral speed of a disk, a disk having a diameter of 100 mm corresponds to rotating at a rotational speed of 19100 rpm or more and 65,130 rpm or more, respectively.
[0026]
In practice, the critical impact speed differs depending on the type of work. For example, the critical impact velocities of aluminum, mild steel, stainless steel, and titanium are about 49.7 m / sec, 30.0 m / sec, 152.3 m / sec, and about 61.8 m / sec, respectively. Therefore, the impact speed of the impacting body can be changed according to the type of the work. The impact speed of the impacting body is preferably at least twice, more preferably at least three times, especially at least four times the critical impact speed of the work, because stable cutting can be performed.
[0027]
A through hole is formed in the rotating body, and a spindle for holding the impacting body and a spindle insertion hole of the rotating body are rotatably held with a predetermined fitting gap.
[0028]
By providing the fitting gap, the impact is reflected immediately after the impacting body collides with the workpiece, and the influence of the inertia of the impacting body on the object to be cut can be absorbed. The shape of the impacting body is such that the moment of inertia is as small as possible.
[0029]
The fitting gap between the support shaft supporting the impacting body and the through hole of the impacting body is preferably 2 mm or more, more preferably about 5 to 10 mm. The fitting gap needs to be set large in accordance with an increase in the impact speed of the impacting body. In addition, the fitting gap in the present invention is generally much larger than the clearance value of the JIS standard for defining the fitting state between the shaft and the bearing by two to three digits.
[0030]
Thus, the working principle of the present invention is different from the working principle of impact represented by the conventional hammer type crusher.
The conventional processing principle is to attach a cutting tool (tool) with a large moment of inertia between the spindle and the rotating body and between the cutting tool and the spindle by normal fitting and to make the cutting edge collide with the work at a relatively low speed. The cutting edge collides and applies a force to the workpiece by inertia after deceleration.
[0031]
The work is sequentially deformed to fracture through plastic deformation, and a relatively large area of the work surface is broken.
[0032]
Further, the impacting body in the present invention does not have a sharp cutting edge like a conventional cutting tool (tool).
[0033]
With the above configuration, the cutting according to the present invention has the following features.
(1) When the impacting body collides with the workpiece at a speed higher than the critical impact velocity, the workpiece loses ductility and breaks down into a granular form within a very limited range (thickness of the impacting body) at the impacting portion at the tip of the impacting body. The striking body continuously collides with the rotation of the rotating body, and breaks and cuts the work into a linear shape with the thickness of the striking body. Due to the principle of cutting by the impact of a hitting body at a critical impact speed or higher, the generation of frictional heat at the cut portion of the work is extremely small, and high-speed cutting can be performed. Moreover, since the cutting is performed by hitting, the tip of the hitting body does not need to be sharp. Therefore, the life of the impacting body that can be cut is extremely long. In addition, there is no deterioration of the work such as resin due to frictional heat.
[0034]
(2) A cutting tool (tool) that rotates, reciprocates, or moves linearly has high wear. However, in the hitting body of the present invention, the hitting body undergoes work hardening due to the collision with the work, and hardens as it is used, increasing wear resistance.
[0035]
(3) The cutting principle of the present invention has low cutting resistance and frictional resistance. As a result, there is no need to hold and fix the work firmly during cutting. Further, it is not necessary to rigidly build the rigidity of the spindle supporting the impacting body, the rigidity of the rotating body and the main shaft rotating at high speed, the rigidity of the bearing, the rigidity of the robot gripping the main body of the rotating body, and the like.
[0036]
(4) At the time of cutting, by attaching a vibration detecting means for detecting a unique vibration waveform (or frequency) generated by the rotating body corresponding to the work to a multi-axis control robot or the like, the processing conditions (strike) corresponding to the work are Body collision speed, movement speed, etc.).
[0037]
(5) Even if the workpiece is made of a plurality of different members (for example, metal, resin molded product, glass, ferrite, etc.) and the inside of which is not visible, the impact resistance is the highest in each member. High speed cutting is possible continuously with the same cutting device.
[0038]
As described above, the cutting device according to the present invention has a simple structure and can achieve a long life and a great improvement in reliability. Further, there is no need to consider the mixture of different materials and frictional heat of the work in the cutting process, and it is extremely effective as a crushing or cutting device as a part of recycling equipment.
[0039]
Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to automate the dismantling and cutting processing of household electric appliances and automobiles for the purpose of disposal processing, and to change the type of a cutting tool, processing conditions, and a cutting device according to the type of a processing target or a constituent member. You don't have to. In addition, it contributes to the improvement of the life and reliability of the cutting device, the improvement of the recycling rate, the environmental protection and the effective use of resources.
[0040]
The specific configuration of the cutting device of the present invention is as follows.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, a striking body is rotatably mounted on a spindle erected on a main surface of a rotating body, and the rotating body is rotated at a high speed so that the striking body is subjected to a critical impact of a workpiece. The cutting device is characterized by colliding with the workpiece at a speed higher than the speed.The impact cutting using centrifugal force reduces the wear of the cutting blade part, extending the life of the cutting device and improving reliability Performance can be improved. In addition, high-speed cutting is enabled regardless of the type of the processing object.
[0041]
Further, in the second invention, a shaft is erected with a fitting gap between a pair of rotating bodies whose main surfaces are opposed to each other, a hitting body is attached to the support shaft, and the pair of rotating bodies are rotated at a high speed, and The cutting device is characterized in that the body is made to collide with and reflect on the workpiece at a speed higher than the critical impact speed of the workpiece (work). Wear can be reduced to extend the life of the cutting device and improve reliability.
Also, high-speed crushing or high-speed cutting can be performed regardless of the type of the object to be processed.
[0042]
Further, in the third invention, a plurality of cutting units are provided, in which a shaft is erected with a fitting gap provided between a pair of rotating bodies whose main surfaces are opposed to each other, and a striking body is attached to the support shaft. Are attached to the same main spindle at predetermined intervals, and the main spindle is rotated at a high speed so that each of the impacting bodies collides with and reflects on the workpiece at a speed higher than the critical impact speed of the workpiece (work). With a cutting device, a wide surface can be machined at a time, and fine grinding or surface cutting can be performed at high speed regardless of the material and type of the object to be machined.
[0043]
Further, the fourth invention provides a plurality of cutting units in which a support shaft is provided by providing a fitting gap between a pair of rotating bodies whose main surfaces are opposed to each other, and a striking body is attached to the support shaft. The unit is attached to each of two shafts arranged in parallel, and the two shafts are rotated at high speeds in different directions as if the workpiece (work) is involved, and each of the impacting bodies is at or above the critical impact speed of the workpiece. The cutting device is characterized in that it is made to collide and reflect the object to be processed at a high speed, and can perform high-speed cutting regardless of the material and type of the object to be processed.
[0044]
Further, in the fifth invention, a plurality of cutting units are provided in which a support shaft is provided by providing a fitting gap between a pair of rotating bodies whose main surfaces face each other, and a striking body is attached to the support shaft. A plurality of units are attached to two shafts arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals, respectively, and the two shafts are rotated at high speed in different directions so as to involve a workpiece (work). It is a cutting device characterized by colliding with the workpiece at a speed higher than the critical impact speed of the workpiece, regardless of the material and type of the workpiece, crushing the workpiece finely at high speed or cutting the surface Can be processed.
[0045]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a processing apparatus characterized in that the cutting apparatus according to any one of the first to third aspects is mounted on a robot arm having a multi-axis control function. Processing (curved surface processing) is enabled.
[0046]
A seventh aspect of the present invention is the processing apparatus according to the sixth aspect, wherein at least one of a unique vibration waveform and a vibration frequency generated when the impacting body collides with the object to be processed is detected, and the collision of the impacting body is detected. The apparatus is provided with control means for controlling at least one of the speed, the collision direction, and the moving speed of the cutting device, and enables a constant processing speed or an optimum processing speed corresponding to a workpiece.
[0047]
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the first to fifth aspects, the impacting body is applied to the workpiece at a speed of about 100 m / sec (about 360 km / hour) or more, preferably at a frequency of about 150 times / sec or more. It is characterized by collision, and can cut at high speed regardless of the material and type of the object to be processed.
[0048]
In a ninth aspect, in the first to fifth aspects, the impacting body is moved at a speed of about 340 m / sec (about 1,224 km / hour) or more, preferably at a frequency of about 150 times / sec or more. It is characterized by collision, and can cut at high speed regardless of the material and type of the object to be processed.
[0049]
Furthermore, a tenth invention is characterized in that, in the first to fifth inventions, the striking body is caused to collide with the object at a speed of at least twice the critical impact velocity of the object. High-speed cutting is possible regardless of the material and type of object.
[0050]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of a cutting device according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS.
[0051]
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view (a sectional view cut along a cutting line S2-S2 in FIG. 2) of the cutting device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cutting line S1-S1 of the cutting device in FIG. , FIG. 3 is a front sectional view showing a state in which a workpiece is cut using the cutting device of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a front view of a striking body constituting the cutting device of FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hitting body of FIG. 4 taken along a cutting line S3-S3, and FIGS. 6, 7, and 8 are views showing another example of the hitting body constituting the cutting device.
[0052]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the cutting device 100 according to the first embodiment has a support shaft 103 on which the striking body 1 is mounted between a pair of disks (rotating bodies) 101, 101 whose main surfaces face each other. Then, the pair of disks (rotating bodies) 101, 101 are rotated at high speed around the main shaft 102, and the impacting body 1 (hard solid) collides with the work 105 at a speed higher than the critical impact speed of the work. A sufficient gap is provided between the fitting portion 5 between the rotating body and the support shaft. It should be noted that the rotation speed is allowed to fluctuate by about ± 10% due to fluctuations in the power supply voltage and other reasons.
[0053]
The impact speed of the impacting body 1 against the work 105 naturally corresponds to the number of rotations of the pair of disks (rotating bodies) 101. In the present embodiment, a high-speed rotation region in which the number of rotations of a pair of disks (rotating bodies) is 10,000 to 60,000 rpm is used.
[0054]
By the rotation speed range, the cutting speed can be improved by improving the impact force of the impacting body 1, and the life of the impacting pair can be improved by the air cooling effect and the work hardening.
[0055]
In the cutting device 100 shown in FIG. 1, a striking body 1 (see FIG. 4) having a cross shape in a plan view, provided with four rectangular projections 4 on the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical body 2 having a spindle mounting hole 3, is disc-shaped. 101 were arranged at equal intervals on the main surface of the 101. The square projection 4 corresponds to a cutting edge of a conventional tool, and hits a workpiece. As is clear from FIG. 1, a part of the outer periphery of the impacting body 1 (square projection, that is, the cutting blade portion 4) is located outside the outer periphery of the disk 101.
[0056]
Since the impacting bodies 1 are arranged at four locations on the main surface of the disk 101 at equal intervals, the frequency of impact of the workpiece is (10,000 rotations / minute) × 4 locations = 40,000 operations / minute or more.
[0057]
A predetermined fitting gap 104 is provided in the fitting portion 5 between the support shaft 103 and the rotating body 101 (the fitting gap is about 7 mm in a specific example described later). By providing the fitting gap 104, the impacting body 1 reflects on the workpiece 105 after a collision at a speed higher than the critical impact speed.
At the time of collision, only the range of the thickness of the impact body 1 at the tip end of the work 105 is broken into particles.
[0058]
In addition, the outer shape of the impacting body may be arbitrarily set in addition to the cross shape. For example, the shape may be a polygon having a plurality of corners (a regular triangle, a regular square, a rectangle, a regular pentagon, a regular hexagon, or the like), or a disk, a substantially arcuate shape, or the like. 6, 7, and 8 show examples of a disc-shaped, regular hexagonal, and substantially bow-shaped striking body in order.
[0059]
FIG. 6 shows a disk-shaped impacting body 1A, FIG. 6 (A) is a front view, and FIG. 6 (B) is a sectional view. The disc-shaped impacting body 1A has a shape in which a cylindrical body 2A having a through-hole 3A penetrates into the center of a ring-shaped cutting blade 4A having a predetermined thickness.
[0060]
FIG. 7 shows a regular hexagonal impact body 1B, FIG. 7 (A) is a front view, and FIG. 7 (B) is a sectional view. The regular hexagonal impacting body 1B has such a shape that a cylindrical body 2B having a through hole 3B penetrates into the center of a cutting blade 4B having a regular hexagonal outer shape and a predetermined thickness.
[0061]
FIG. 8 shows a substantially bow-shaped impacting body 1C, FIG. 8 (A) is a front view, and FIG. 8 (B) is a side view. The substantially bow-shaped impacting body 1C shown in FIG. 8 has a substantially arc-shaped floating portion 5C surrounded by a substantially arc-shaped portion and a string connecting substantially both ends of the arc. A cylindrical body 2C having a through hole 3C at the center is integrated with one end of the floating portion 5C. A cutting edge portion 4C is formed at the other end of the floating portion 5C. The impact body 1C is attached to a spindle 103 of a rotating body.
[0062]
Further, the shape of the rotating body 101 may be an arbitrary shape such as a regular polygon other than the disk shape. However, it is needless to say that the rotation of the rotating body must be balanced.
[0063]
Next, an example of dimensions and materials of the rotating body and the striking body will be described. In the case of the apparatus of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the diameter of the disk 101 is 100 mm, the plate thickness is 5 mm, the material is carbon steel for machine structure, the shaft 103 is 10 mm in diameter, and the material is carbon steel for machine structure or carbon tool steel ( JIS standard symbol / SK2), distance L between the tops of the cutting blades of the impacting body 1 is about 40 mm, the diameter of the through hole 3 is 17 mm, the width w of the cutting blades 4 is about 15 mm, and the thickness of the cutting blades 4 t is about 5 mm, and the material is carbon steel for machine structure (S45C), carbon tool steel (SK2), high-speed tool steel (SKH2), Ni-Cr steel (SNC631), Ni-Cr-Mo steel (SNCM420), Cr -Any one of Mo steel (SCM430), chrome steel (SCr430), manganese steel for machine structure (SMn433) and the like.
[0064]
In the cutting example of FIG. 3, the disk 101 is rotated in the direction of the arrow 107 at 30,000 rpm, and the impact speed at which the impacting body 1 collides with the work (a cold-rolled steel plate having a thickness of 0.8 mm) 105 is 157 m / sec ( 565 km / hour), the cutting movement speed was 50 mm / sec, and the cutting direction was 108. In this case, the impact frequency is (30,000 rotations / minute) × 4 places = 120,000 times / minute.
[0065]
Since the main shaft 102 rotates at a high speed of 30,000 rpm, a large centrifugal force acts on the impacting body 1. Due to the centrifugal force, a high-speed compressive force is generated with an impact on the collision surface between the cutting blade portion 4 of the impacting body 1 and the work 105 and in a limited area in the vicinity thereof, and the collision surface of the work 105 is instantaneously and rapidly formed. Is crushed. The cutting chips are in the form of fine particles. Experiments have confirmed that cutting can be performed without a sharp cutting edge.
[0066]
Note that the CRT glass could also be cut under the above processing conditions. In addition, plastic such as a resin circuit board for a circuit, a resin molded product, or the like, is manufactured by rotating the disk 101 at 10,000 rpm and hitting the striking body 1 at 40,000 times / minute (the number of striking bodies attached to the rotating body is four). ), It was also experimentally confirmed that the cutting speed could be processed at 50 mm / sec.
[0067]
In the above description, the impact speed of the impacting body 1 is not limited to the specific example described above, and can be arbitrarily set according to the type of the workpiece, the cutting conditions, and the like as long as the impact speed is equal to or higher than the critical impact velocity of the workpiece. Also, the number of hits of the hitting body 1 per unit time can be changed according to the type of the workpiece and the cutting conditions.
[0068]
If the material of the workpiece is unknown, if the workpiece is composed of multiple members of different types, or if the unknown material is hidden in places that cannot be seen from the outside, etc., increase the impact speed of the impacting body. When set, it can be cut well.
[0069]
In addition, as long as the material of the impacting body is a hard solid, any material other than the metal member can be arbitrarily used.
[0070]
Further, the number of impacting bodies may be two or more, or may be only one. When a plurality of impacting bodies are installed, it is preferable to install them at equal angular intervals with respect to the rotation center of the rotating body, since the impacting intervals become uniform and stable cutting becomes possible. When only one impacting body is used, a balancer (weight) is installed to ensure rotational balance.
[0071]
Further, instead of arranging the pair of rotating bodies 101 with their main surfaces facing each other, a configuration may be adopted in which only one rotating body is used and a hitting body is installed on one side thereof.
[0072]
The rotating body may be driven at a high speed by using a general spindle motor or the like.
[0073]
The striking body 1 in the present invention does not have a sharp cutting edge unlike a conventional cutting tool. The cutting principle in the present invention exceeds conventional common sense. By giving the impacting body 1 a much higher speed than the conventional cutting tool, brittleness of metals, resins, glass, ceramics and the like can be obtained without a sharp cutting edge. Enables cutting to members.
[0074]
(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 9 shows a sectional view of a cutting apparatus 600 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In this case, a large number of the cutting devices according to the first embodiment are mounted on one shaft as a unit. Therefore, the cutting mechanism, cutting processing conditions, and the like were the same as those in the first embodiment. 9, reference numeral 600 denotes a cutting device, 601 denotes a disk (rotating body), 602 denotes a main shaft, 603 denotes a support shaft, 604 denotes a fitting gap, 604 and 606 denote spacers, and 610 denotes a cutting unit.
[0075]
In the cutting apparatus 600 shown in FIG. 9, a support shaft 603 is installed with a fitting gap provided between a pair of rotating bodies 601 and 601 whose main surfaces face each other via a spacer 605, and the striking body 1 is attached to the support shaft 603. A plurality of cutting units 610 are prepared, and the cutting units 610 are attached to the same main shaft 602 at predetermined intervals via spacers 606, and the main shaft 602 is rotated at a high speed so that each of the impacting bodies 1 is used as a workpiece (work). The workpiece is made to collide at a speed higher than the critical impact speed.
[0076]
The number and arrangement pitch of the cutting units 610 to be arranged, the number of impacting bodies 1 arranged on the rotating body 601, the impact speed of the impacting body 1, and the like may be arbitrarily set according to the workpiece.
[0077]
The support of the main shaft 602 may be arbitrarily set, such as a cantilever bearing structure or a both-ends support bearing structure.
[0078]
(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 10 is a front sectional view of a cutting apparatus 700 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. The cutting device in this case is one in which the cutting devices of the first embodiment are arranged at predetermined intervals so that the main rotating shafts are parallel. Therefore, the cutting mechanism, cutting processing conditions, and the like are the same as those in the first embodiment.
[0079]
FIG. 10 shows an example of this. A cutting unit 710 in which a support shaft 703 is installed with a fitting gap provided between a pair of rotating bodies 701 whose main surfaces face each other, and the hitting body 1 is attached to the support shaft 703. Are prepared, and the cutting units 710 are attached to two main shafts 702 arranged in parallel, respectively, and the two main shafts 702 are rotated at high speeds in different directions 707 as if a work (work) is involved. It is characterized in that the body 1 is caused to collide with the work at a speed higher than the critical impact speed of the work.
In the figure, reference numeral 704 denotes a fitting gap between the rotating body 701 and the support shaft 703, and reference numeral 708 denotes a workpiece feeding direction.
[0080]
The number and arrangement pitch of the cutting units 710 to be arranged, the number of impacting bodies 1 arranged on the rotating body 701, the impact speed of the impacting body 1, and the like may be arbitrarily set according to the workpiece.
[0081]
The support of the main shaft 702 may be arbitrarily set, such as a cantilever bearing structure or a both-ends support bearing structure.
[0082]
As in the second embodiment, a large number of cutting units 710 may be mounted on one main shaft and the cutting units may be arranged at predetermined intervals (not shown).
[0083]
More specifically, a plurality of cutting units are provided by providing a fitting gap between a pair of rotating bodies whose main surfaces face each other, providing a support shaft, and attaching the impacting body 1 to the support shaft, and disposing the cutting units in parallel. A plurality of the spindles are attached to the two spindles at predetermined intervals, and the two spindles are rotated at high speeds in different directions so as to involve a workpiece (workpiece). It may be configured to collide with the work at a speed.
[0084]
(Embodiment 4)
FIG. 11 shows a side view of a cutting apparatus according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. In this case, the cutting device was configured such that the cutting device of the first embodiment was attached to a robot arm of five-axis control (X axis, Y axis, Z axis, angle Θ1, angle Θ2) (not shown).
[0085]
11, reference numeral 800 denotes a cutting apparatus, 810 denotes the cutting apparatus described in the first embodiment, 820 denotes a 5-axis control commercially available robot, 830 denotes an object to be processed (a work, for example, a resin molding cabinet of an electronic device), 840 is a roller conveyor for transporting the transport pallet, and 850 is a transport pallet for mounting the work.
[0086]
When the work 830 mounted on the transport pallet 850 is positioned in front of the cutting device 810, the work 830 is automatically detected, and the cutting device 810 attached to the arm of the robot 820 is rotated and driven. The outer periphery of the cabinet 830 is cut in a predetermined manner (not shown).
[0087]
The processing conditions are such that the impact speed of the impacting body is equal to or higher than the critical impact speed of the work 830.
[0088]
In the above-described apparatus, at least one of a unique vibration waveform and a vibration frequency generated when the impacting body collides with the workpiece 830 is detected, and the collision speed and the collision direction of the impacting body, and the moving speed of the cutting device 810 are detected. May be provided (not shown) for controlling at least one of them. In this way, even if the work 830 is composed of a plurality of members having different physical properties, the material of the work 830 is unknown, or the internal structure of the work 830 that cannot be seen from the outside is unknown, the optimum cutting is performed. Conditions can be automatically set, and automation of the cutting operation can be realized.
[0089]
Needless to say, the conveyor device may be a belt conveyor or a chain conveyor.
[0090]
Further, similarly, the cutting device according to the second embodiment may be driven by a robot in addition to the cutting device according to the first embodiment.
[0091]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention makes it possible to automate the disassembly and cutting process of home appliances and automobiles for the purpose of disposal, and according to the type of the object to be processed and the components, the type of the cutting tool, the processing conditions, and the cutting. No need to change equipment.
[0092]
In addition, it contributes to the improvement of the life and reliability of the cutting device, the improvement of the recycling rate, the environmental protection and the effective use of resources.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a cutting device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a side sectional view of the cutting apparatus of FIG. 1 taken along a cutting line S1-S1.
3 is a front sectional view showing a state in which a workpiece is being cut using the cutting device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a striker constituting the cutting device of FIG. 1;
5 is a sectional view of the impacting body of FIG. 4 taken along section line S3-S3.
FIG. 6 is a view showing another example of a hitting body of the cutting device of FIG. 1;
(A) is a front view
6B is a sectional view taken along line S4-S4 in FIG.
FIG. 7 is a view showing still another example of a hitting body of the cutting device of FIG. 1;
(A) is a front view
7B is a cross-sectional view taken along line S5-S5 in FIG.
FIG. 8 is a view showing still another example of the hitting body of the cutting device of FIG. 1;
(A) is a front view
(B) is a side view
FIG. 9 is a front sectional view of a cutting device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a front sectional view of a cutting device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a side view of a processing apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 1A, 1B, 1C hitting body
2, 2A, 2B, 2C cylindrical body
3, 3A, 3B, 3C Through hole
4, 4A, 4B, 4C Cutting edge
5C idle part
100, 600, 700, 810 Cutting device
101, 601, 701 Rotating body (disc)
102, 602, 702 spindle
103, 603, 703 Support shaft
104, 604, 704 Fitting gap
105,830 Workpiece (workpiece, work)
107, 707 Rotation direction
108 Cutting direction (moving direction)
605,606 spacer
610, 710 Cutting unit
708 Work moving direction
800 Cutting machine
820 robot
840 roller conveyor
850 Transport pallet

Claims (16)

A cutting device having a pair of rotating bodies whose main surfaces are opposed to each other, and at least one or more rotatable hitting bodies attached to a spindle mounted between the pair of rotating bodies, The fitting portion between the impacting body and the support shaft and the fitting portion between the rotating body and the support shaft or the fitting portion between the rotating body and the support shaft have a predetermined fitting gap, and A part of the outer periphery of the body is attached so as to be located outside the outer periphery of the rotating body, and the rotating body is rotated at high speed so that the impacting body collides with the workpiece at a speed equal to or higher than the critical impact speed. A cutting device characterized in that: The cutting unit consisting of a pair of rotating bodies whose main surfaces are opposed to each other and at least one or more rotatable hitting bodies attached to a support shaft spanned between the pair of rotating bodies is parallel to the cutting unit. A cutting device attached to each of two arranged shafts, wherein a fitting portion between the hitting body and the support shaft and / or a fitting portion between the rotating body and the support shaft has a predetermined fitting gap. And it is attached so that a part of the outer periphery of the impacting body can be located outside the outer periphery of the rotating body, and the two shafts are rotated at a high speed in different directions to make each of the impacting bodies A cutting device characterized in that it is caused to collide with a workpiece at a speed higher than a critical impact speed. A plurality of cutting units each comprising a pair of rotating bodies whose main surfaces are opposed to each other, and at least one or more hitting bodies attached to a support shaft provided between the pair of rotating bodies; A cutting device in which units are attached to a same main shaft at predetermined intervals, wherein the rotating body has a predetermined fitting gap with the support shaft, and a part of the outer periphery of the impacting body is rotated by the rotating body. A cutting device, which is attached so as to be located outside the outer periphery of the body, wherein the main shaft is rotated at a high speed so that each of the impacting bodies collides with a workpiece at a speed higher than a critical impact speed. . A plurality of cutting units each comprising a pair of rotating bodies whose main surfaces are opposed to each other, and at least one or more hitting bodies attached to a support shaft provided between the pair of rotating bodies; A cutting device in which a unit is attached to two shafts arranged in parallel with each other, wherein the rotating body has a predetermined fitting gap with the support shaft, and a part of the outer periphery of the impacting body is formed. It is attached so that it can be located outside the outer periphery of the rotating body, and the two shafts are rotated at high speed in different directions so that the impacting bodies collide with the workpiece at a speed equal to or higher than the critical impact speed. A cutting device, characterized in that: A plurality of cutting units each comprising a pair of rotating bodies whose main surfaces are opposed to each other, and at least one or more hitting bodies attached to a support shaft provided between the pair of rotating bodies; A cutting device in which a plurality of units are attached to two shafts arranged in parallel with a predetermined interval between each other, wherein the rotating body has a predetermined fitting gap with the support shaft, and A part of the outer periphery of the impacting body is mounted so that it can be located outside the outer periphery of the rotating body, and the two shafts are rotated at high speed in different directions to rotate each of the impacting bodies at a speed higher than the critical impact speed. A cutting device, wherein the cutting device is caused to collide with a workpiece. The cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a plurality of the impacting bodies are arranged at equal angular intervals with respect to a rotation center of the rotating body. The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein a fitting gap between the rotating body and a fitting portion of the support shaft is 2 mm or more. The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein a fitting gap between the rotating body and a fitting portion of the support shaft is about 5 to 10 mm. 9. The outer shape of the impacting body is any one of a polygon having a plurality of corners, a cross having a plurality of corners, a disk, and a substantially arcuate. 3. The cutting device according to claim 1. The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the impacting body is caused to collide with the workpiece at a speed of about 139 m / sec (about 500 km / hour) or more. The cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the impacting body is caused to collide with the workpiece at a speed of about 340 m / sec (about 1,224 km / hour) or more. The cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the impacting body collides with the processing object at a speed equal to or more than twice a critical impact velocity of the processing object. The cutting device according to claim 1, wherein the processing object is cut by crushing a surface of the processing object with which the impacting body collides. A processing apparatus comprising the cutting device according to claim 1 attached to a robot arm having a multi-axis control function. Detecting at least one of a unique vibration waveform and a vibration frequency generated by the impacting body colliding with the processing object, and detecting a collision speed and a collision direction of the impacting body, and a moving speed of the cutting device. The processing apparatus according to claim 14, further comprising control means for controlling at least one. A cutting method using the cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the impacting body collides with the workpiece at a speed equal to or higher than the critical impact speed of the workpiece to cut the workpiece.

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