JP2004081056A - Fish-breeding reef - Google Patents

Fish-breeding reef Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004081056A
JP2004081056A JP2002244720A JP2002244720A JP2004081056A JP 2004081056 A JP2004081056 A JP 2004081056A JP 2002244720 A JP2002244720 A JP 2002244720A JP 2002244720 A JP2002244720 A JP 2002244720A JP 2004081056 A JP2004081056 A JP 2004081056A
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
wood
water
fish
lumbers
specific gravity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
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JP2002244720A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tatsuhisa Mitoma
三苫 達久
Sueo Otani
大谷 末夫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KAIHIN KOUEN SHINKO KK
TNB KK
Original Assignee
KAIHIN KOUEN SHINKO KK
TNB KK
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Priority to JP2002244720A priority Critical patent/JP2004081056A/en
Publication of JP2004081056A publication Critical patent/JP2004081056A/en
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To simply and rapidly form a semipermanent fish-breeding reef of wood and to breed planktons and fishes. <P>SOLUTION: This fish-breeding reef has a constitution that a plurality of lumbers 1 are sunk on the bottom of the sea or the bottom of water 7, weights 2 are attached to the lumbers 1 for fixing the lumbers in a standing or inclined state by the initial buoyancy of the lumbers 1 and water is permeated into voids or gaseous parts in the wood texture by water pressure to make the apparent specific gravity of the lumbers 1 higher than the specific gravity of water so that end parts 1' of the weights 2 or the lumbers 1 are laid on or under the bottom of the sea or the bottom of the water 7. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は木製魚礁に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、海底定着形魚礁には金属、コンクリート等の重量物が使用されていた。一部試験的に間伐材を井桁状に積重ねて使用した魚礁があるが、流木のおそれがあったため普及していない。
【0003】
金属は廃船等であって規模が大であるため場所の選定に問題があり、かつ曳船、沈船工事が大規模であり、容易に入手し難く、かつ鉄鋼が腐蝕し易いという問題があった。
【0004】
コンクリートは重量が大であって、空間を設けるためにはその製造に型枠を要し、製造が複雑であり、製造に時間及び場所を要し、使用初期にはコンクリートが塩基性を呈し、海藻の附着に時間を要した。
【0005】
木製魚礁において心配される点は、木材の腐朽と長い年月の間に重りがはずれたりして浮き上がり、流木となって航海中の船や海岸に流れつきさまざまな障害を引き起こさないかの点にあった。
【0006】
しかし、樹木の空隙にある気体の量は20%前後といわれる。伐採直後の樹木の比重は上記により0.9前後である。海底に沈めた場合、圧力がかかり気体部分は海水が浸透する。乾燥し水分が減った仮導管、導管、柔細胞部はもともと水分の通道組織であり海水はスムーズに浸透する。
【0007】
又、その部分からの気体部分への浸透も樹木細胞は有孔壁でつながれている部分が多く早い速度で浸透する。その為樹木は浮き上がらない。又、長い年月の間に樹木の構成成分である、セルロースやリグニンは嫌気下において腐植化反応がおこり、凝集、高分子化して比重は益々重くなる(例として湖底の沈木やオダは浮上しない。又、海底の木造沈船も連結部が腐植しバラけても木材は浮上しない。)とともに腐敗分解はおこらない。木材は海底において腐敗しない点と時間がたつと比重が海水より重くなり浮上しない点、そのことの知見が木製魚礁の重要な点である。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は間伐材や廃材等の木材に重錘を附して海底又は水底に沈降させることにより、半永久的な魚礁を迅速容易にかつ小規模又は大規模に沈降させ、プランクトンを活性化し魚類を迅速に集め、かつ小魚の安全な生活の場を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するため本発明は
第1に木材を海底又は水底に起立又は傾斜状態に定着させ、水圧により、木材組織内の空隙又は気体部分に水を浸透させて木材の見掛比重を水の比重より大としたことを特徴とする魚礁、
第2に木材を海底又は水底に沈降し、木材の初期浮力により起立又は傾斜状態に定着させるための重錘を該木材に付設した上記第1発明記載の魚礁、
第3に複数の木材を起立し又は交差状態に傾斜させた上記第1又は第2発明記載の魚礁、
第4に木材の一端部を海底又は水底に埋設して定着させた上記第1〜第3発明のいずれかに記載の魚礁、
第5に木材が間伐材又は廃材である上記第1〜第4発明のいずれかに記載の魚礁、
によって構成される。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
一定長に切断した間伐材又は家屋の廃材等の木材1の一端部1’(中央から一端までをいう)の両側面にコンクリートブロックによる重錘2,2を配置し、
重錘2,2の対向面に該重錘2,2に埋設固定した金具3,3を露出して接続部4を形成する。
【0011】
そして該金具3,3の直立面を上記一端部1’の両側面に接し、
該両側面に穿設した透孔5と、上記金具3,3の直立面に穿設した透孔とにボルト6を挿通し、ナット6’で締付けて固定し、海底又は水底7に投入沈降させる。
【0012】
又上記重錘2,2に横向透孔を穿設し、木材1にも横向透孔5を同一水準に穿設して接合部4を形成し、ボルト6を挿通してナット6’で締付けて木材1の下端両側に該重錘2を接続固定することができる。
【0013】
上記重錘2,2の合計重量は木材1の初期浮力よりも大となし、かつ重錘2,2の底面と木材1の下端面とを同一水準とすることによって図1に示すように木材1は上記浮力で海底又は水底7に沈降起立状態に定着する。
【0014】
又図4(イ)(ロ)図に示すようにコンクリートブロックによる1個の重錘2の上面に埋込金具3,3を露出して上端に透孔3’,3’を穿設して接合部4を形成し、中央部に木材1の下端部1’の両側面を挟持し、上記透孔3’,3’と同一水準に該両側面に横方向透孔5を穿設し、これらの透孔3’,3’,5にボルト6を挿通し、ナット6’で締付けて木材1と重錘2とを固定する。
【0015】
上記木材1の一端面1”の外周下部は上記重錘2,2の底面と同一水準即ち同一海底面7に接し、木材1は傾斜状態に定着する。傾斜角αは上記一端部1’における透孔5の水準位置によって調整することができる。
【0016】
上記木材1の下端部1’の重錘2,2は図2、図3及び図5に示すように海底又は水底7の泥土又は土砂8に埋設させることができ、図3及び図5では複数の木材1を起立又は交差状態に傾斜させて定着魚礁9とすることができる。
【0017】
上述のように定着すると、時間の経過と共に水圧により、木材組織内の空隙又は気体部分、例えば仮導管、導管、柔細胞部等の水分通道組織に水を浸透し、伐採直後の木材の見掛比重0.9は増加して水の比重よりも大となる。
【0018】
上記木材1はその主成分はリグニン、セルロース等からなり、木造沈船に見られるように嫌気下においては、その有機物は凝集、高分子化するところの、いわゆる腐植化反応が主体となり、分解、低分子化する腐敗反応はわずかでしかない木造沈船のように半永久的に魚礁としての役割を果たすことができる。
【0019】
また、木材1はその50%以上が炭素である、森林で吸収された二酸化炭素は炭素として木材1に蓄積される。
【0020】
一般に樹木は一定の成長期間を過ぎると成長はにぶる。常に効率よく使用され再生産されることが二酸化炭素の吸収効率には良い。
【0021】
木材1による上記魚礁9は図3に示す起立形或は図5に示す傾斜の形態をとることができる。
【0022】
起立形は複数の起立木材1に沿って上昇流aが起りプランクトンを活性化し魚類を集めることができる。
【0023】
図5に示す傾斜魚礁9では複雑な形状の魚礁9を形成し、小魚の安全な生活の場となり、魚類を増やすことができる。
【0024】
また、森林を育てる為の間伐材は需要がなく、切りっぱなしで放置されることが多く、それらは5〜10年で分解し、二酸化炭素として大気中に還元される。また、木造家屋の廃材も、焼却や埋立処分にすれば二酸化炭素として大気に戻される。
【0025】
水中の様に嫌気下で水分の量が多い状態では、樹木の主成分、セルロース、リグニンは、ほとんど腐植化(高分子化)の過程をたどる。
【0026】
腐植化の過程の1つとして微生物によってリグニン中のグアシル基が酸化分解し、メトキシル基が脱離し、芳香環が解裂するなどして、腐植物質が生成する経路が考えられているが水中においてはその進行は極端に遅い。
【0027】
また、リグニンやセルロースにフェノール又は、フェノール化合物を代謝する微生物が関与することによりキノンとなり重合して腐植物質の芳香環を形成する経路も重要な腐植物質の生成過程として考えられているが、これは水中においても速度が速い。
【0028】
フェノール又はフェノール化合物を代謝する微生物の関与による腐植物質の生成はそのスピードからいって木製魚礁には最適であり、それらの微生物を関与させる方法として腐植前駆物質(ヒューマス等)の存在が重要である。その為下記の方法を考案した。
1.腐植前駆物質を混入させた活性ケイ素の含有量の高い物質(軽石等)10とともに樹木(木材1)の穿孔12内に挿入する(図6)。
2.腐植反応が起こっている水溶液11中にひたし、その溶液を樹木(木材1)内に浸透させる(図7)。
3.1,2の併用
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上述のように構成したのでその機能は従来の魚礁と違い木材の初期浮力を利用した起立型や傾斜型の形態をとることができ、従来の魚礁にない優れた機能を発揮する。
【0030】
起立型は魚類の定置という点に関しては、ダム湖等に沈んだ立枯木に魚類は好んで定着する事がわかる様、魚類を集める為には効果がある。
【0031】
また、安価であり長さがあり砂に埋っても良い為、従来は設置しにくかった砂地の海底にも容易に設置できる。
【0032】
さらに本発明は木材を使用する海底定着型の魚礁であり、炭素を蓄積し二酸化炭素の削減に寄与する。また、その機能も従来にない独特のものがあり、環境循環型の製品であり安価につくることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の1個の直立魚礁の正面図である。
【図2】砂地に直立させた状態の正面図である。
【図3】起立し下端部を土砂に埋めた木材による直立形魚礁の斜視図である。
【図4】(イ)図は傾斜木材の側面図である。
(ロ)図は(イ)図A−A線による背面図である。
【図5】交差した傾斜木材の斜視図である。
【図6】腐植前駆物質挿入状態の斜視図である。
【図7】腐植反応水溶液に木材を浸漬した状態図である。
【符号の説明】
1   木材
1’  一端部
2   重錘
3   金具
4   接合部
3’,5 透孔
6,6’ ボルト・ナット
7   海底又は水底
8   泥土又は土砂
9   魚礁
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a wooden reef.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, heavy objects such as metal and concrete have been used for seabed-fixed fish reefs. There are fish reefs that use thinned timber stacked in a girder shape in some trials, but they have not been widely used due to driftwood.
[0003]
Metals are abandoned ships, etc. and have a large scale, so there is a problem in selecting a place, and there is a problem that tugboats and wreck work are large-scale, difficult to obtain easily, and steel is easily corroded. .
[0004]
Concrete is heavy, it requires a formwork for its production to provide space, its production is complicated, it takes time and place for its production, and concrete shows basicity at the beginning of use, It took time to attach the seaweed.
[0005]
What is worrisome about wooden reefs is whether they lose their weight during the decay of wood and linger for a long time, and then float and drift to drifting boats and shores, causing various obstacles. there were.
[0006]
However, the amount of gas in the voids of trees is said to be around 20%. The specific gravity of the tree immediately after logging is about 0.9 as described above. When submerged on the sea floor, pressure is applied and seawater penetrates the gaseous part. The temporary ducts, ducts and parenchyma cells which have been dried and have reduced water content are originally water passages, and seawater penetrates smoothly.
[0007]
In addition, the permeation of the tree cells from that part into the gaseous part is more likely to occur at a high rate because many parts are connected by perforated walls. Therefore, the tree does not rise. Also, over a long period of time, the constituents of trees, such as cellulose and lignin, undergo a humification reaction under anaerobic conditions, agglomerate and polymerize, and their specific gravity becomes increasingly heavy (for example, sinking and oda on the lake bottom do not rise) Also, the wooden wreck on the sea floor does not float even if the joints are humified and loose, and the wood does not float.) The important point of wooden reefs is that timber does not rot on the sea floor and, over time, its specific gravity becomes heavier than seawater and does not float.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention attaches a weight to wood such as thinned wood or waste wood and causes the wood to sink to the seabed or water bottom, thereby quickly and easily sinking a semi-permanent fish reef on a small or large scale, activates plankton and activates fish. The purpose is to provide a place for small fish to live quickly and safely.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention firstly fixes wood on the seabed or water bottom in an upright or inclined state, and penetrates water into voids or gas parts in the wood tissue by water pressure to reduce the apparent specific gravity of the wood. A fish reef characterized by being greater than the specific gravity of water,
Secondly, the fish reef according to the first invention, wherein the lumber is attached to the lumber for sinking the lumber to the sea floor or the water bottom and fixing the lumber to an upright or inclined state by the initial buoyancy of the lumber.
Third, the fish reef according to the first or second invention, wherein a plurality of timbers are erected or inclined in an intersecting state.
Fourthly, the fish reef according to any of the first to third inventions, wherein one end of the wood is buried and fixed on the sea floor or the water bottom,
Fifthly, the reef according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, wherein the wood is thinned wood or waste wood,
It is constituted by.
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Weights 2 and 2 made of concrete blocks are placed on both sides of one end 1 ′ (meaning from the center to one end) of wood 1 such as thinned wood or house waste wood cut to a certain length,
The metal fittings 3, 3 embedded and fixed to the weights 2, 2 are exposed on the opposing surfaces of the weights 2, 2 to form the connection portions 4.
[0011]
Then, the upright surfaces of the metal fittings 3 are brought into contact with both side surfaces of the one end portion 1 ′,
Bolts 6 are inserted into the through holes 5 formed on both side surfaces and the through holes formed in the upright surfaces of the metal fittings 3, 3 and fastened and fixed with nuts 6 '. Let it.
[0012]
In addition, a horizontal through hole is formed in the weights 2 and 2, a horizontal through hole 5 is formed in the wood 1 at the same level to form a joint 4, and a bolt 6 is inserted and tightened with a nut 6 '. The weight 2 can be connected and fixed to both lower ends of the wood 1.
[0013]
By making the total weight of the weights 2 and 2 larger than the initial buoyancy of the wood 1 and making the bottom surfaces of the weights 2 and 2 and the lower end face of the wood 1 the same level, as shown in FIG. 1 is settled and settled on the sea floor or water bottom 7 by the buoyancy described above.
[0014]
Also, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the embedding fittings 3, 3 are exposed on the upper surface of one weight 2 made of a concrete block, and through holes 3 ', 3' are formed at the upper end. A joint 4 is formed, and both sides of the lower end portion 1 'of the wood 1 are sandwiched in the center, and a horizontal through hole 5 is formed in the both sides at the same level as the through holes 3' and 3 '. Bolts 6 are inserted through these through holes 3 ′, 3 ′, and 5, and tightened with nuts 6 ′ to fix the wood 1 and the weight 2.
[0015]
The lower part of the outer circumference of one end face 1 "of the wood 1 is in contact with the bottom surface of the weights 2 and 2 at the same level, that is, the same sea bottom 7, and the wood 1 is fixed in an inclined state. It can be adjusted according to the level position of the through hole 5.
[0016]
The weights 2, 2 at the lower end 1 'of the wood 1 can be buried in mud or earth and sand 8 on the sea floor or water bottom 7, as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5, and in FIGS. Can be set as standing fish reefs 9 by standing or inclining in a crossed state.
[0017]
When settled as described above, water penetrates into the voids or gaseous parts in the wood tissue, for example, the water passage tissue such as a temporary conduit, a conduit, a parenchyma part, etc. due to water pressure over time, and the apparent appearance of the wood immediately after logging The specific gravity 0.9 increases and becomes larger than the specific gravity of water.
[0018]
The wood 1 is mainly composed of lignin, cellulose, etc., and under anaerobic conditions as seen in wooden wreck, the organic matter is agglomerated and polymerized. The molecular reaction of decay can semipermanently act as a fish reef, as in the case of only a small wooden wreck.
[0019]
In addition, wood 1 has 50% or more of carbon. Carbon dioxide absorbed in forests is accumulated in wood 1 as carbon.
[0020]
In general, trees grow after a certain period of growth. It is good for carbon dioxide absorption efficiency to always be used and reproduced efficiently.
[0021]
The above-mentioned fish reef 9 made of wood 1 can take a standing shape shown in FIG. 3 or an inclined shape shown in FIG.
[0022]
In the upright form, an upflow a occurs along a plurality of upright woods 1 to activate plankton and collect fish.
[0023]
In the inclined fish reef 9 shown in FIG. 5, the fish reef 9 having a complicated shape is formed, which becomes a place for safe living of small fish, and the number of fish can be increased.
[0024]
In addition, thinning materials for growing forests are not required, and are often left uncut. They are decomposed in 5 to 10 years and reduced to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Waste wood from wooden houses can also be returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide if incinerated or landfilled.
[0025]
In a state of high water content under anaerobic conditions such as in water, the main components of trees, cellulose, and lignin almost follow the process of humification (polymerization).
[0026]
As one of the processes of humification, it is considered that humic substances are generated by oxidative degradation of guacyl groups in lignin by microorganisms, methoxyl groups are eliminated, and aromatic rings are cleaved. Is extremely slow.
[0027]
In addition, a pathway in which phenol or phenolic compounds are involved in lignin or cellulose to form quinones due to the involvement of microorganisms that metabolize phenolic compounds and polymerize to form an aromatic ring of humic substances is also considered as an important humic substance formation process. Is fast even in water.
[0028]
The production of humic substances by the involvement of microorganisms that metabolize phenol or phenolic compounds is optimal for wooden reefs because of their speed, and the presence of humus precursors (such as humus) is important as a method of involving those microorganisms. . Therefore, the following method was devised.
1. It is inserted into a perforation 12 of a tree (wood 1) together with a substance (pumice or the like) 10 having a high active silicon content mixed with a humus precursor (FIG. 6).
2. It is immersed in an aqueous solution 11 in which a humus reaction is occurring, and the solution is allowed to penetrate into a tree (wood 1) (FIG. 7).
3.1 Combination of 1 and 2
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, its function can be a standing type or an inclined type utilizing the initial buoyancy of wood, unlike conventional fish reefs, and exhibits excellent functions not found in conventional fish reefs.
[0030]
The stand-up type is effective for collecting fish, as it can be seen that fish prefer to settle on dead trees sinking in dam lakes etc. in terms of emplacement of fish.
[0031]
In addition, since it is inexpensive, long, and may be buried in sand, it can be easily installed on the sandy bottom of the sea, which was conventionally difficult to install.
[0032]
Furthermore, the present invention is a sea-bottomed fish reef using wood, which accumulates carbon and contributes to reduction of carbon dioxide. In addition, its functions are unique and unprecedented, and it is an environmentally circulating product that can be manufactured at low cost.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of one upright fish reef of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view in a state of being erected on sand.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an upright fish reef made of wood whose standing lower end is buried in earth and sand.
FIG. 4A is a side view of the inclined wood.
(B) The figure is (a) a rear view along the line AA in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of crossed inclined timber.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a humus precursor inserted state.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing wood immersed in an aqueous humus reaction solution.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Wood 1 'One end 2 Weight 3 Metal fitting 4 Joint 3', 5 Through hole 6, 6 'Bolt / nut 7 Sea bottom or water bottom 8 Mud or earth and sand 9 Fish reef

Claims (5)

木材を海底又は水底に起立又は傾斜状態に定着させ、水圧により、木材組織内の空隙又は気体部分に水を浸透させて木材の見掛比重を水の比重より大としたことを特徴とする魚礁。A fish reef characterized in that wood is fixed on the seabed or water bottom in an upright or inclined state, and water pressure penetrates water into voids or gas parts in the wood structure to make the apparent specific gravity of the wood larger than the specific gravity of water. . 木材を海底又は水底に沈降し、木材の初期浮力により起立又は傾斜状態に定着させるための重錘を該木材に付設した請求項1記載の魚礁。The fish reef according to claim 1, wherein a weight is attached to the timber so as to settle the timber to the seabed or the water bottom and fix the timber in a standing or inclined state by the initial buoyancy of the timber. 複数の木材を起立し又は交差状態に傾斜させた請求項1又は2記載の魚礁。3. The fish reef according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of timbers are erected or inclined in an intersecting state. 木材の一端部を海底又は水底に埋設して定着させた請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の魚礁。The fish reef according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one end of the wood is buried and fixed on the sea floor or the water bottom. 木材が間伐材又は廃材である請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の魚礁。The reef according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wood is a thinned wood or a waste wood.
JP2002244720A 2002-08-26 2002-08-26 Fish-breeding reef Pending JP2004081056A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104798707A (en) * 2015-04-14 2015-07-29 上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区管理处 Artificial fish reef construction method using sandy beach in estuary intertidal waters as foundation
JP2015204773A (en) * 2014-04-18 2015-11-19 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 Fish bank block and underwater structure

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015204773A (en) * 2014-04-18 2015-11-19 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 Fish bank block and underwater structure
CN104798707A (en) * 2015-04-14 2015-07-29 上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区管理处 Artificial fish reef construction method using sandy beach in estuary intertidal waters as foundation
CN104798707B (en) * 2015-04-14 2017-05-10 上海市长江口中华鲟自然保护区管理处 Artificial fish reef construction method using sandy beach in estuary intertidal waters as foundation

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