JP2004067513A - Quinone-based therapeutic agent for hepatic disease - Google Patents

Quinone-based therapeutic agent for hepatic disease Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004067513A
JP2004067513A JP2002204709A JP2002204709A JP2004067513A JP 2004067513 A JP2004067513 A JP 2004067513A JP 2002204709 A JP2002204709 A JP 2002204709A JP 2002204709 A JP2002204709 A JP 2002204709A JP 2004067513 A JP2004067513 A JP 2004067513A
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Prior art keywords
menatetrenone
agent
active ingredient
liver cancer
recurrence
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Yukihiro Koike
小池 幸宏
Yasushi Shiratori
白鳥 康史
Shiyuuichiro Shiina
椎名 秀一朗
Takuma Teratani
寺谷 卓馬
Shuntaro Koo
小尾 俊太郎
Shinpei Sato
佐藤 新平
Keisuke Hamamura
浜村 啓介
Masatoshi Akamatsu
赤松 雅俊
Ryosuke Tateishi
建石 良介
Tomonori Fujishima
藤島 知則
Yoshio Sugata
菅田 美穂
Haruhiko Yoshida
吉田 晴彦
Takashi Ishikawa
石川 隆
Takeo Kawase
川瀬 建夫
Masao Komata
小俣 政男
Toshihiko Mizuta
水田 敏彦
Tsutomu Yasutake
安武 努
Masaru Fujimoto
藤本 優
Iwata Ozaki
尾崎 岩太
Kyosuke Yamamoto
山本 匡介
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Eisai Co Ltd
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Eisai Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002204709A priority Critical patent/JP2004067513A/en
Priority to AU2002332185A priority patent/AU2002332185A1/en
Priority to PCT/JP2002/009640 priority patent/WO2003105818A1/en
Priority to AU2003277184A priority patent/AU2003277184B2/en
Priority to BR0311781-2A priority patent/BR0311781A/en
Priority to PCT/JP2003/007491 priority patent/WO2003105819A1/en
Priority to CA002488880A priority patent/CA2488880A1/en
Publication of JP2004067513A publication Critical patent/JP2004067513A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/12Ketones
    • A61K31/122Ketones having the oxygen directly attached to a ring, e.g. quinones, vitamin K1, anthralin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excellent therapeutic agent for hepatic diseases due to the inhibition of the development of portal venous invasion (PVI). <P>SOLUTION: The excellent therapeutic and prophylactic agent for hepatic diseases comprises menatetrenone as an active ingredient. The therapeutic and prophylactic agent is especially effective for des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP)-positive hepatic cancer. The therapeutic and prophylactic agent is an inhibitor of the development of the portal venous invasion (PVI) and has remarkable effects on amelioration for prognosis after treating hepatic cancer. Furthermore, the therapeutic and prophylactic agent has excellent effects even as an inhibitor of relapse of the hepatic caner. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、メナテトレノンを有効成分とする肝疾患治療剤、より詳しくは肝癌予後改善剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
肝細胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma、以下、「HCC」と称する。)患者は高率に門脈浸潤(Portal Venous Invasion、以下、「PVI」と称する。)をきたすことが知られており、一旦PVIが発生すると予後は極めて不良である。ここで、HCC患者におけるDes−γ−Carboxy Prothrombin(以下、「DCP」と称する。)の高値が、その後のPVI進展と密接に関連することが知られている(Koike Y. Cancer 2001;91:561−9)。ここで、DCPとは、正常な凝固活性を持たないプロトロンビンで、ビタミンK(以下、「VK」と称する。)が欠乏した状況で増えることが知られており、VKの欠乏・VKの吸収障害のマーカーとして用いられるタンパク質である。
一方で、DCP高値HCC患者に対しVKを投与すると血清のDCP値が低下すること(Cancer 1992;69:31−8)、in vitroでDCP産生のHCCcell lineに対しビタミンK−II(以下、「VK−II」と称する。)を投与することで細胞の増殖が抑制されること(Hepatology 1995;22:876−82)が報告されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、有用な肝疾患治療剤は未だ提供されておらず、特にPVIの発生抑制による肝疾患治療剤は提供されていなかった。
そこで、本発明は、優れた肝疾患治療予防剤を提供することを目的とする。
【0004】
【発明の構成】
本発明は、DCP産生HCC患者に対する経口VK−II製剤の投与が、HCC治療後のPVI発生抑制と予後改善に寄与すること、並びに、肝癌の治療後再発を抑制することを初めて見出しなされたものである。
【0005】
即ち、本発明は、
[1]メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む肝疾患治療・予防剤、
[2]肝疾患が肝癌である前記[1]記載の剤、
[3]肝癌がDes−γ−Carboxy Prothrombin(DCP)陽性肝癌である前記[2]記載の剤、
[4]肝癌治療後の予後を改善する前記[1]乃至[3]のいずれか1に記載の剤、
[5]門脈内腫瘍浸潤(PVI)の発生抑制剤である前記[4]記載の剤、
[6]メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む門脈内腫瘍浸潤(PVI)の発生抑制剤、
[7]メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む肝癌治療後の生存率改善剤、
[8]メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む肝細胞癌の再発抑制剤、
[9]メナテトレノンを有効成分として含むDCP低下剤、
[10]メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む医薬を患者に有効量投与することを特徴とする門脈内腫瘍浸潤(PVI)の予防方法、
[11]メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む医薬を患者に有効量投与することを特徴とする肝細胞癌の再発抑制法、
[12]メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む医薬を患者に有効量投与することを特徴とする血中DCP量の調節法、
[13]PVIの発生抑制剤製造のためのメナテトレノンの使用、
[14]肝細胞癌の再発抑制のためのメナテトレノンの使用、および、
[15]ビタミンK類を有効成分として含む肝疾患治療・予防剤に関する。
【0006】
慢性肝炎、肝硬変からは高率に肝癌が発癌し、いったん発癌すると治療後高率に再発する。例えば、C型肝炎やB型肝炎から肝硬変となり、腫瘍切除後、再発するケースがある。本発明の肝疾患治療剤によれば、このような肝癌治療後の予後を極めて有効に改善(即ち再発の予防又は治療)することができる。また、予後不良な肝癌の再発形態の一つであるPVIの発生を極めて有効に抑制することができる。
【0007】
メナテトレノンとは、化学名2−メチル−3−テトラプレニル−1,4−ナフトキノン(2−methl−3−tetraprenyl−1,4−naphthoquinone)である。構造式を以下に示す。
【化1】

Figure 2004067513
メナテトレノンは黄色の結晶又は油状の物質で、におい及び味はなく、光により分解しやすい。また、水にはほとんど溶けない。メナテトレノンは、ビタミンK−II(VK−II)とも称され、その薬理作用は、血液凝固因子(プロトロンビン、VII、IX、X)のタンパク合成過程で、グルタミン酸残基が生理活性を有するγ−カルボキシグルタミン酸に変換する際のカルボキシル化反応に関与するものであり、正常プロントロビン等の肝合成を促進し、生体の止血機構を賦活して生理的に止血作用を発現するものである。
【0008】
本発明にかかる医薬の有効成分であるメナテトレノンは、無水物であってもよいし、水和物を形成していてもよい。また、メナテトレノンには結晶多形が存在することもあるが限定されず、いずれかの結晶形が単一であってもよいし、結晶形混合物であってもよい。さらに、本発明にかかるメナテトレノンが生体内で分解されて生じる代謝物も本発明の特許請求の範囲に包含される。
【0009】
本発明において用いるメナテトレノンは、自体公知の方法で製造することができ、代表的な例として、特開昭49−55650号公報に開示される方法によれば容易に製造することができる他、合成メーカーから容易に入手することもできる。また、メナテトレノンはカプセル剤、注射剤等の製剤としても入手できる。本発明にかかる医薬は、メナテトレノンをそのまま用いてもよいし、または、自体公知の薬学的に許容できる担体等(例:賦形剤、結合剤、崩壊剤、滑沢剤、着色剤、矯味矯臭剤、安定化剤、乳化剤、吸収促進剤、界面活性剤、pH調整剤、防腐剤、抗酸化剤等)、一般に医薬品製剤の原料として用いられる成分を配合して慣用される方法により製剤化してもよい。また、必要に応じて、ビタミン類、アミノ酸、等の成分を配合してもよい。製剤化の剤形としては、錠剤、散剤、細粒剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤、シロップ剤、坐剤、注射剤、軟膏剤、パップ剤等があげられる。
また、本発明においては、メナテトレノンの投与形態は特に限定されないが、経口的に投与することが好ましい。メナテトレノンのカプセル剤は商品名ケイツーカプセル(エーザイ株式会社製)、グラケーカプセル(エーザイ株式会社製)として、またシロップ剤は商品名ケイツーシロップ(エーザイ株式会社製)として、注射剤は商品名ケイツーN注(エーザイ株式会社製)として入手することができる。
本発明にかかるメナテトレノン含有医薬は肝疾患治療・予防に有用である。メナテトレノンの好ましい投与量としては通常は10〜200mg/日であり、更に好ましくは30〜135mg/日である。
【0010】
【実施例】
以下に本発明の試験例を挙げるが、これらは例示的なものであって、本発明はこれらの試験例に限定されるものではない。当業者は、以下に示す試験例のみならず本願明細書にかかる特許請求の範囲に様々な変更を加えて実施することが可能であり、かかる変更も本願特許請求の範囲に包含される。
【0011】
試験例1
以下のようにして、臨床試験(Randomized Prospective Controlled Study)を行った。
肝癌患者(Patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma)のうち、血清DCPレベルが60IU/Lより大きいもの(DCP陽性肝癌)を試験対象として含めた。一方、門脈浸潤(portal venous invasion)を伴う患者や、既にビタミンK又はアンチビタミンK剤投与によるビタミンK代謝作用のある患者は試験対象から除外した。試験対象の詳細は表1に示すとおりである。
【表1】
Figure 2004067513
【0012】
図1は、患者の選択フローチャートである。1999年2月から2001年11月に、126人の肝癌患者が治療に供された。肝癌治療としては、HCCに対して経皮的焼灼療法(RFA and/or PEIT)、経血管的治療(TAE orTAI)、外科的切除のいずれかの治療を行った。これらの患者のうち、5人が本実験対象から除外された。
次に、121人の患者は、無作為に治療群(treated group;n=60)と非治療群(untreated group;n=61)に分けられた。治療群は、肝癌治療後にVK−II(商品名グラケー:エーザイ株式会社製)を45mg/日で経口投与される群であり、非治療群は、VK−IIを投与されない群である。
【0013】
肝癌治療の後、追跡試験(follow−up)を行った。追跡試験は、外来患者に対し、超音波検査(腹部エコー)を3ヶ月毎に行い(receiving ultrasonography every 3months),CTスキャン処理を6ヶ月毎に行い(CT scan every 6 months)、そしてalfa−fetoproteinとDCPを腫瘍マーカーで1ヶ月毎に測定した。
【0014】
表2は、患者のプロファイルを示したものである。治療群と非治療群との間で各臨床的パラメータに重要な差は認められなかった。
【0015】
【表2】
Figure 2004067513
【0016】
図2は、血清中のDCPレベルの変化を示したグラフである。実線は治療群を表し、点線は非治療群を表している。肝癌治療の後においては、治療群、非治療群の双方において、DCPレベルが低下した。その後、治療群のDCPレベルは12ヶ月間ほぼ同様であったのに対して、非治療群のDCPレベルは徐々に増加した。
【0017】
図3は、PVIの発生率(Incidence of PVI development)の変化を示したグラフである。図3に示すように、治療群においてはPVI発生率は1年経過後では2%であり、2年経過後では23%であった。一方、非治療群においては、PVI発生率は1年経過後では23%であり、2年経過後では47%であった(P=0.018)。
【0018】
図4は、生存率(Survival Rates)の変化を示したグラフである。図4に示すように、生存率は治療群においては2年経過後では66%であり、一方、非治療群においては2年経過後では28%であった(P=0.044)。
各群のPVI発生率、生存率は統計的に処理した。即ちCox Proportional Hazard modelを用いて求め、log−rank法により検定した。平均観察期間は12±8月とした。
以上の結果により、VK−II製剤を経口投与することにより、DCP陽性HCC患者のPVI発生率を極めて有効に抑制し、また生存率を極めて増加させ、肝癌治療後の予後を顕著に改善することが示唆された。
【0019】
試験例2
VK−IIによる肝細胞癌の治療後再発の抑制効果と安全性を検討する目的で、以下の試験を行った。
即ち、1999年3月から2001年3月に、肝細胞癌と診断され、且つ、その治療後に造影CTにて完全に壊死(または治癒切除)と判断された症例(61例)をエントリーし、エントリー症例を、患者ID番号末尾が奇数をVK−II投与群、偶数を非投与群(対照群)の2群に分け、投与群にはVK−II製剤(商品名グラケー;エーザイ株式会社製)を45mg/日の投与量にて経口投与した。3ヵ月毎に造影CTまたはMRIを行い、再発までの期間を統計的に解析した。即ち、Kaplan−Meier法(Logrank検定)で比較し、再発の危険のある割合(Risk Ratio)をCox比例ハザードモデルで解析した。
エントリー症例は表3に示すように61例(投与群32例、非投与群29例)で平均観察期間19.6ヶ月(7−32)であった。
【0020】
【表3】
Figure 2004067513
【0021】
肝癌の累積再発率を求めたところ、1年再発率が(VK−II投与群):(対照群)=12.5%:55.2%、2年再発率が(VK−II投与群):(対照群)=39.6%:85.5%であった。このことから、肝癌の累積再発率は、VK−II投与群において、対照群に比して有意に抑制された。
図5は、肝癌再発抑制(50%抑制)に対するVK−II投与の効果を示したグラフである。図5に示すように、50%再発までの期間は、VK−II投与群で26ヶ月であったのに対し、対照群では10ヶ月であった。
また、HCV症例(C型肝炎症例)に限った場合について、同様に肝癌の累積再発率を求めたところ、1年再発率が(VK−II投与群):(対照群)=7.1%:61.5%、2年再発率が(VK−II投与群):(対照群)=37.8%:87.2%であった。このことから、HCV症例に限った場合においても、肝癌の累積再発率は、VK−II投与群において、対照群に比して有意に抑制された。
図6は、肝癌再発抑制(50%再発)に対するVK−II投与の効果確認試験において、HCV症例に限った場合の結果を示したグラフである。図6に示すように、50%再発までの期間は、VK−II投与群で26ヶ月であったのに対し、対照群では10ヶ月であった。
図9は、Cox比例ハザードモデルによって再発危険のある割合(Risk Ratio=RR)を解析した結果を示した図である。図9に示すように、肝癌再発へのRisk Ratioは、対照群を1とした場合、VK−II投与群は0.329と約3分の1で、特に、HCV症例に限ると、VK−II投与により0.210となり、約5分の1に危険性が低下した。
図7は、肝癌再発抑制(50%抑制)に対するVK−II投与の効果確認試験において、局所再発例を除いた場合の結果を示したグラフである(VK−II投与群:29例、非投与群:22例)。また、図8は、肝癌再発抑制(50%抑制)に対するVK−II投与の効果のうち、6ヶ月以内の再発例を除いた場合の結果を示すグラフである(VK−II投与群:31例、非投与群:22例)。図7及び図8に示すように、これらの場合にも肝癌の累積再発率は、VK−II投与群において、対照群に比して有意に抑制された。
図10は、治療前と再発時におけるPIVKA−IIを解析した結果を示したグラフである。図10に示すように、VK−II投与群の再発例では、すべてPIVKA−II(Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist)は陰性で、副作用もなく、脱落例も認められなかった。
なお、PIVKA−IIはDCPとも称され、ビタミンK(VK)の吸収障害、肝実質障害のほか肝細胞癌における代表的な腫瘍マーカーである。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明にかかるメナテトレノン含有肝疾患治療剤は、肝疾患、特に、DCP陽性肝癌に対するPVIの発生抑制効果に優れており、また、肝癌治療後の予後の改善効果に優れている。更に、本発明にかかるメナテトレノン含有肝疾患治療剤は、肝癌の治療後の再発抑制に極めて有用である。
【0023】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】患者の選別フローチャートである。
【図2】血清中のDCPレベルの変化を示したグラフである。
【図3】PVIの発生率の変化を示したグラフである。
【図4】生存率の変化を示したグラフである。
【図5】肝癌再発抑制(50%再発)に対するVK−II投与の効果を示したグラフである。
【図6】肝癌再発抑制(50%再発)に対するVK−II投与の効果確認試験において、HCV症例のみの結果を示したグラフである。
【図7】肝癌再発抑制(50%再発)に対するVK−II投与の効果確認試験において、局所再発例を除いた場合の結果を示したグラフである。
【図8】肝癌再発抑制(50%再発)に対するVK−II投与の効果のうち、6ヶ月以内の再発例を除いた場合の結果を示すグラフである。
【図9】Cox比例ハザードモデルによって再発危険のある割合(Risk Ratio=RR)を解析した結果を示した図である。
【図10】治療前と再発時におけるPIVKA−IIを解析した結果を示したグラフである。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for liver disease containing menatetrenone as an active ingredient, and more particularly, to an agent for improving prognosis of liver cancer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is known that hepatocellular carcinoma (hereinafter, referred to as “HCC”) patients have a high incidence of portal venous invasion (Portal Venous Invasion, hereinafter referred to as “PVI”), and PVI is once known. When it occurs, the prognosis is extremely poor. Here, it is known that a high value of Des-γ-Carboxy Prothrombin (hereinafter, referred to as “DCP”) in HCC patients is closely related to the subsequent PVI development (Koike Y. Cancer 2001; 91: 91: 91). 561-9). Here, DCP is prothrombin which does not have normal coagulation activity and is known to increase in a situation where vitamin K (hereinafter referred to as “VK”) is deficient. It is a protein used as a marker for.
On the other hand, administration of VK to DCP-high HCC patients decreases serum DCP levels (Cancer 1992; 69: 31-8), and vitamin K-II (hereinafter, referred to as “DCP-producing HCCcell line” in vitro). VK-II ") has been reported to suppress the growth of cells (Hepatology 1995; 22: 876-82).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, no useful therapeutic agent for liver disease has been provided yet, and particularly no therapeutic agent for liver disease due to suppression of PVI generation has been provided.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an excellent therapeutic and preventive agent for liver disease.
[0004]
Configuration of the Invention
The present invention has been found for the first time that administration of an oral VK-II preparation to DCP-producing HCC patients contributes to suppression of PVI generation and improvement of prognosis after HCC treatment, and suppresses recurrence after treatment of liver cancer. It is.
[0005]
That is, the present invention
[1] A therapeutic / prophylactic agent for liver disease containing menatetrenone as an active ingredient,
[2] the agent of the above-mentioned [1], wherein the liver disease is liver cancer;
[3] The agent of the above-mentioned [2], wherein the liver cancer is Des-γ-Carboxy Prothrombin (DCP) -positive liver cancer.
[4] The agent according to any one of [1] to [3], which improves the prognosis after treatment for liver cancer.
[5] the agent of the above-mentioned [4], which is an agent for suppressing the occurrence of tumor invasion (PVI) in the portal vein
[6] an agent for inhibiting the occurrence of intraportal tumor invasion (PVI), comprising menatetrenone as an active ingredient;
[7] an agent for improving survival rate after treatment for liver cancer, comprising menatetrenone as an active ingredient;
[8] A hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence inhibitor comprising menatetrenone as an active ingredient,
[9] A DCP lowering agent comprising menatetrenone as an active ingredient,
[10] a method for preventing intraportal tumor invasion (PVI), which comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of a medicament containing menatetrenone as an active ingredient;
[11] a method for suppressing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, which comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of a drug containing menatetrenone as an active ingredient;
[12] A method for adjusting the amount of DCP in blood, which comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of a drug containing menatetrenone as an active ingredient;
[13] use of menatetrenone for producing a PVI generation inhibitor,
[14] use of menatetrenone for suppressing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and
[15] A therapeutic / prophylactic agent for liver disease containing vitamin Ks as an active ingredient.
[0006]
Liver cancer develops at a high rate from chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis, and once cancer develops, it recurs at a high rate after treatment. For example, there is a case where hepatitis C or hepatitis B becomes cirrhosis and recurs after tumor resection. According to the therapeutic agent for liver disease of the present invention, the prognosis after such treatment for liver cancer can be extremely effectively improved (that is, prevention or treatment of recurrence). In addition, the occurrence of PVI, which is one of the recurrent forms of liver cancer with a poor prognosis, can be extremely effectively suppressed.
[0007]
Menatetrenone is a chemical name of 2-methyl-3-tetraprenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-methl-3-tetraprenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). The structural formula is shown below.
Embedded image
Figure 2004067513
Menatetrenone is a yellow crystalline or oily substance that has no smell and taste and is easily decomposed by light. It is hardly soluble in water. Menatetrenone is also referred to as vitamin K-II (VK-II), and its pharmacological action is that in the process of protein synthesis of blood coagulation factors (prothrombin, VII, IX, X), glutamic acid residues have physiological activity in γ-carboxy. It is involved in the carboxylation reaction when converting to glutamic acid, promotes hepatic synthesis of normal prontrobin and the like, activates the hemostatic mechanism of the living body, and exerts a physiological hemostatic action.
[0008]
Menatetrenone, which is an active ingredient of the medicament according to the present invention, may be anhydrous or may form a hydrate. Menatetrenone may have a crystalline polymorph, but is not limited thereto, and any one of the crystalline forms may be single or a mixture of crystalline forms. Further, metabolites generated by decomposing the menatetrenone according to the present invention in vivo are also included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
[0009]
Menatetrenone used in the present invention can be produced by a method known per se. As a typical example, menatetrenone can be easily produced according to the method disclosed in JP-A-49-55650, and It can also be easily obtained from the manufacturer. Menatetrenone is also available as capsules, injections and other preparations. As the medicament according to the present invention, menatetrenone may be used as it is, or a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier known per se (eg, excipient, binder, disintegrant, lubricant, coloring agent, flavoring) Ingredients, stabilizers, emulsifiers, absorption enhancers, surfactants, pH adjusters, preservatives, antioxidants, etc.), and components commonly used as raw materials for pharmaceutical preparations. Is also good. In addition, if necessary, components such as vitamins and amino acids may be blended. Examples of the formulation form include tablets, powders, fine granules, granules, capsules, syrups, suppositories, injections, ointments, cataplasms and the like.
In the present invention, the administration form of menatetrenone is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to administer orally. Menatetrenone capsules are available as K2 capsules (Eisai Co., Ltd.) and Gracie capsules (Eisai Co., Ltd.). Syrups are available as K2 Syrup (Eisai Co., Ltd.). (Made by Eisai Co., Ltd.).
The drug containing menatetrenone according to the present invention is useful for treating and preventing liver diseases. The preferred dose of menatetrenone is usually 10 to 200 mg / day, more preferably 30 to 135 mg / day.
[0010]
【Example】
Hereinafter, test examples of the present invention will be described, but these are illustrative, and the present invention is not limited to these test examples. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications to the claims according to the present specification as well as the test examples described below, and such modifications are also included in the claims.
[0011]
Test example 1
A clinical test (Randomized Controlled Study) was performed as follows.
Among patients with liver cancer (Patients with Hepatocellular carcinoma), those with serum DCP levels greater than 60 IU / L (DCP-positive liver cancer) were included as test subjects. On the other hand, patients with portal venous invasion and patients who already have vitamin K metabolism by administering vitamin K or anti-vitamin K were excluded from the study. Details of the test object are as shown in Table 1.
[Table 1]
Figure 2004067513
[0012]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart for selecting a patient. From February 1999 to November 2001, 126 patients with liver cancer were treated. As a treatment for liver cancer, HCC was treated with any of percutaneous ablation therapy (RFA and / or PEIT), transvascular therapy (TAE or TAI), and surgical resection. Five of these patients were excluded from the study.
Next, 121 patients were randomly divided into a treated group (n = 60) and an untreated group (n = 61). The treatment group is a group to which VK-II (trade name: manufactured by Eisai Co., Ltd.) is orally administered at a dose of 45 mg / day after liver cancer treatment, and the non-treatment group is a group to which VK-II is not administered.
[0013]
After liver cancer treatment, follow-up tests were performed. In the follow-up test, an ultrasonography (abdominal echo) is performed on an outpatient every 3 months (receiving ultrasonography every 3 months), a CT scan is performed every 6 months (CT scan every 6 months), and alpha-fetoprotein. And DCP were measured every month with tumor markers.
[0014]
Table 2 shows the patient profiles. There were no significant differences in each clinical parameter between the treated and untreated groups.
[0015]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004067513
[0016]
FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in DCP levels in serum. The solid line represents the treatment group, and the dotted line represents the non-treatment group. After liver cancer treatment, DCP levels decreased in both the treated and untreated groups. Thereafter, the DCP levels in the treated group were similar for 12 months, while the DCP levels in the untreated group gradually increased.
[0017]
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change in the incidence of PVI (Inclusion of PVI development). As shown in FIG. 3, in the treatment group, the PVI incidence rate was 2% after one year and 23% after two years. On the other hand, in the non-treatment group, the PVI incidence rate was 23% after one year, and 47% after two years (P = 0.018).
[0018]
FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in survival rate (Survival Rates). As shown in FIG. 4, the survival rate was 66% after 2 years in the treated group, while it was 28% in the untreated group after 2 years (P = 0.044).
The PVI incidence rate and survival rate of each group were statistically processed. That is, it was determined by using the Cox Proportional Hazard model and tested by the log-rank method. The average observation period was 12 ± 8 months.
Based on the above results, by orally administering a VK-II preparation, the incidence of PVI in DCP-positive HCC patients is extremely effectively suppressed, the survival rate is extremely increased, and the prognosis after liver cancer treatment is significantly improved. Was suggested.
[0019]
Test example 2
The following tests were conducted for the purpose of examining the inhibitory effect and safety of recurrence after treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with VK-II.
That is, from March 1999 to March 2001, a case (61 cases) diagnosed as hepatocellular carcinoma and determined to be completely necrotic (or curative resection) by contrast-enhanced CT after the treatment was entered, The entry cases were divided into two groups: a VK-II administration group with an odd number at the end of the patient ID number and a non-administration group (control group) with an even number. Was orally administered at a dose of 45 mg / day. Contrast-enhanced CT or MRI was performed every three months, and the period until recurrence was statistically analyzed. That is, comparison was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method (Logrank test), and the proportion at risk of recurrence (Risk Ratio) was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model.
As shown in Table 3, the number of entry cases was 61 (32 in the administration group and 29 in the non-administration group), and the average observation period was 19.6 months (7-32).
[0020]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004067513
[0021]
When the cumulative recurrence rate of liver cancer was determined, the one-year recurrence rate was (VK-II administration group): (control group) = 12.5%: 55.2%, and the two-year recurrence rate was (VK-II administration group). : (Control group) = 39.6%: 85.5%. From this, the cumulative recurrence rate of liver cancer was significantly suppressed in the VK-II administration group as compared with the control group.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of VK-II administration on liver cancer recurrence suppression (50% suppression). As shown in FIG. 5, the period up to 50% recurrence was 26 months in the VK-II administration group, whereas it was 10 months in the control group.
Similarly, the cumulative recurrence rate of liver cancer was similarly determined for HCV cases (C-type hepatitis cases). : 61.5%, 2-year recurrence rate was (VK-II administration group): (control group) = 37.8%: 87.2%. From this, even when limited to HCV cases, the cumulative recurrence rate of liver cancer was significantly suppressed in the VK-II administration group as compared to the control group.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of VK-II administration on the suppression of recurrence of liver cancer (50% recurrence) in the case of HCV cases only. As shown in FIG. 6, the period up to 50% recurrence was 26 months in the VK-II administration group, whereas it was 10 months in the control group.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the result of analyzing the proportion at risk of recurrence (Risk Ratio = RR) using the Cox proportional hazard model. As shown in FIG. 9, the Risk Ratio for recurrence of liver cancer was 0.329 in the VK-II-administered group, which was about one-third that of the control group, and VK-II was particularly limited to HCV cases. The administration of II reduced the risk to 0.210, which was about one-fifth.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results in a test for confirming the effect of VK-II administration on liver cancer recurrence inhibition (50% inhibition) when local recurrence cases were excluded (VK-II administration group: 29 cases, non-administration) Group: 22 examples). FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of the effects of VK-II administration on the suppression of liver cancer recurrence (50% inhibition) when relapse cases within 6 months were excluded (VK-II administration group: 31 cases). , Non-administration group: 22 cases). As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, in these cases as well, the cumulative recurrence rate of liver cancer was significantly suppressed in the VK-II administration group as compared to the control group.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of analyzing PIVKA-II before treatment and at the time of recurrence. As shown in FIG. 10, in all cases of recurrence in the VK-II administration group, PIVKA-II (Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist) was negative, no side effect was observed, and no dropout was observed.
PIVKA-II is also referred to as DCP and is a representative tumor marker in hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in impaired vitamin K (VK) absorption and hepatic parenchyma.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
The therapeutic agent for liver disease containing menatetrenone according to the present invention is excellent in the effect of suppressing the generation of PVI against liver diseases, in particular, DCP-positive liver cancer, and also excellent in improving the prognosis after liver cancer treatment. Furthermore, the therapeutic agent for liver disease containing menatetrenone according to the present invention is extremely useful for suppressing recurrence of liver cancer after treatment.
[0023]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart for selecting a patient.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in DCP levels in serum.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a change in the incidence of PVI.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a change in a survival rate.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of VK-II administration on the suppression of liver cancer recurrence (50% recurrence).
FIG. 6 is a graph showing results of only HCV cases in a test for confirming the effect of VK-II administration on the suppression of liver cancer recurrence (50% recurrence).
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of a test for confirming the effect of VK-II administration on the suppression of liver cancer recurrence (50% recurrence), except for cases of local recurrence.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of the effects of VK-II administration on the suppression of recurrence of liver cancer (50% recurrence), excluding relapse cases within 6 months.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a result of analyzing a ratio at risk of recurrence (Risk Ratio = RR) using a Cox proportional hazard model.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the results of analyzing PIVKA-II before treatment and at the time of recurrence.

Claims (15)

メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む肝疾患治療・予防剤。A therapeutic / prophylactic agent for liver disease containing menatetrenone as an active ingredient. 肝疾患が肝癌である請求項1記載の剤。The agent according to claim 1, wherein the liver disease is liver cancer. 肝癌がDes−γ−Carboxy Prothrombin(DCP)陽性肝癌である請求項2記載の剤。The agent according to claim 2, wherein the liver cancer is Des-γ-Carboxy @ Prothrombin (DCP) -positive liver cancer. 肝癌治療後の予後を改善する請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の剤。The agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which improves prognosis after treatment for liver cancer. 門脈内腫瘍浸潤(PVI)の発生抑制剤である請求項4記載の剤。The agent according to claim 4, which is an agent for suppressing the occurrence of tumor invasion (PVI) in the portal vein. メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む門脈内腫瘍浸潤(PVI)の発生抑制剤。An agent for suppressing the occurrence of tumor invasion (PVI) in the portal vein, comprising menatetrenone as an active ingredient. メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む肝癌治療後の生存率改善剤。An agent for improving survival rate after treatment for liver cancer, comprising menatetrenone as an active ingredient. メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む肝細胞癌の再発抑制剤。An agent for suppressing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, comprising menatetrenone as an active ingredient. メナテトレノンを有効成分として含むDCP低下剤。A DCP lowering agent containing menatetrenone as an active ingredient. メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む医薬を患者に有効量投与することを特徴とする門脈内腫瘍浸潤(PVI)の予防方法。A method for preventing portal vein tumor invasion (PVI), which comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of a drug containing menatetrenone as an active ingredient. メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む医薬を患者に有効量投与することを特徴とする肝細胞癌の再発抑制法。A method for suppressing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, comprising administering to a patient an effective amount of a drug containing menatetrenone as an active ingredient. メナテトレノンを有効成分として含む医薬を患者に有効量投与することを特徴とする血中DCP量の調節法。A method for regulating the amount of DCP in blood, which comprises administering to a patient an effective amount of a drug containing menatetrenone as an active ingredient. PVIの発生抑制剤製造のためのメナテトレノンの使用。Use of menatetrenone for production of a PVI generation inhibitor. 肝細胞癌の再発抑制のためのメナテトレノンの使用。Use of menatetrenone for inhibiting the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. ビタミンK類を有効成分として含む肝疾患治療・予防剤。A therapeutic / prophylactic agent for liver disease containing vitamin K as an active ingredient.
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JPS61275214A (en) * 1985-05-28 1986-12-05 Sawai Seiyaku Kk Menatetrenone soft capsule for oral administration
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