【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、瓦、れんが、砥石、陶磁器およびガラス器等の廃品に対し粗粉砕と中間粉砕とを連続的に行って上記の廃品を直径数ミリメートル以下のペレット状に加工することができ、もって上記廃品のリサイクル用として好適に利用することができ、しかも回転軸が鉛直方向に設けられていて据付け面積を狭くすることが可能な粉砕機に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
瓦の粉砕機として、ホッパーの底部に複数本の回転軸を水平に、かつ互いに平行に配設し、各回転軸に複数枚の円板を固定し、この円板にハンマーを取付け、上記ホッパーの底部を一方から他方に移動する瓦等を上記の回転ハンマーで叩いて粉砕するようにしたものが知られている（特開平５−３０９２８１号公報および特開平１１−１０４５０７号公報参照）。しかし、上記の粉砕機は、瓦等を単にハンマーで叩くだけであるため、瓦等の砕料を直径数十ミリメートル程度に粉砕する粗粉砕は可能でも、直径数ミリメートルのペレット状に粉砕する中間粉砕はできず、そのため砕製物をリサイクル用に供することができず、かつ騒音が大きくなり、またホッパーに大量の瓦等を投入し、これを水平方向に移動させながら粉砕するので、設置面積が広くなり、埃が舞い上がる等の問題があった。
【０００３】
また、鉛直方向の回転軸を備えた粉砕機として、ホッパーの下端開口部に円筒形の外筒を鉛直に接続し、その中心線を通る回転軸にコーンを、その小径側が上を向くように固定し、ホッパーに上方から投入された瓦礫等の砕料を上記外筒の内面に突設した螺旋状の刃と、上記コーンの表面に突設した多数の爪との協働作用で粉砕するようにしたものが知られている（特開平１１−１５７９１５号公報参照）。しかし、上記のコーンを用いた粉砕機は、砕料を外筒内面の刃とコーン表面の爪とで磨砕する型式であるため、瓦等の大型の砕料を粉砕する場合は、能率が低下し、そのため別の粉砕機であらかじめ粗粉砕をする必要があり、そのため据付け面積が全体として広くなり、またコーンの下端と外筒内面との間に砕製物が噛み込まれてコーンの回転が止まったり、コーンまたは外筒が破損したりする等の問題があり、これを防ぐためにはコーンを逆転させる等の面倒な機構を付加する必要があった。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、瓦、れんが、砥石、陶磁器およびガラス器等の廃品を砕料に用い、粗粉砕に相当する一次粉砕および中間粉砕に相当する二次粉砕を連続して行って直径数ミリメートル以下のペレット状で、リサイクル用に好適な砕製物を得ることを可能にし、しかも据付け面積を狭くすることができ、騒音を小さくし、埃が舞い上がちず、砕製物の噛み込みが発生しないようにするものである。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明に係る粉砕機は、縦型円筒状外筒の中心線に沿ってモーター駆動の回転軸を設け、上記外筒の上部内側に、上記の回転軸に固定した粉砕用回転翼とこの回転翼の下方で上記外筒に固定した受け板とによって粗粉砕のための一次粉砕部を形成し、上記外筒の中間部内側に、上記回転軸に固定した下広がりのコーン状磨砕盤と外筒内面に固定した摩耗リングとによって中間粉砕のための二次粉砕部を形成し、上記一次粉砕部の上端に瓦、れんが、砥石、陶磁器およびガラス器等の砕料投入口を形成し、上記外筒の下部内側に砕製物を収容するための砕製物受け部を形成してなり、上記コーン状磨砕盤の下端面が水平面に対して傾斜していることを特徴とする。
【０００６】
すなわち、この発明では、縦型円筒状外筒の内側にサイズが数百ミリメートルの砕料を数十ミリメートルに粉砕（いわゆる粗粉砕）する一次粉砕部、数十ミリメートルの砕料を数ミリメートルに粉砕（いわゆる中間粉砕）する二次粉砕部および得られた砕製物を収容する砕製物受け部が上から下へ順に形成され、一次粉砕部の上端に砕料投入口が形成される。したがって、上記の砕料投入口から瓦等の砕料を投入すると、この砕料が外筒内を落下する間に、先ず受け板と粉砕用回転翼との協働作用でいわゆる粗粉砕が行われ、得られた一次砕製物が二次粉砕部のコーン状磨砕盤に落下し、粉砕されながら下方に導かれ、更にコーン状磨砕盤の外周および摩耗リングの協働作用でいわゆる中間粉砕が行われ、このコーン状磨砕盤外周および摩耗リング内周の隙間の大きさに対応してサイズが数ミリメートル以下のペレット状とされ、得られたペレット状砕製物は、同時に生じた粉末と共に砕製物受け部から適宜に取り出すことが可能になる。
【０００７】
そして、上記コーン状磨砕盤の下端面が水平面に対して傾斜しているので、コーン状磨砕盤の外周は、その回転に伴って摩耗リングの内面の任意の一点に対し絶えず上下運動を繰返す結果となり、そのためコーン状磨砕盤の外周および摩耗リング内周の隙間に一次砕製物の噛み込まれることはなく、仮にあっても、コーン状磨砕盤の回転に伴って噛み込みが自動的に解消する。したがって、コーン状磨砕盤の回転が止まったり、粉砕機の一部が破損したりすることがない。なお、上記コーン状磨砕盤の下端面の傾斜角度は、上記の噛み込みが生じない程度であれば任意であるが、通常は水平面に対して５〜２０度で十分である。
【０００８】
上記の粉砕用回転翼および受け板の形状、構造は、砕料を所望のサイズに粗粉砕できるものであれば任意であり、砕料の種類やサイズ等に応じて適宜に選択することができるが、通常は、粉砕用回転翼および受け板をそれぞれ上下方向の複数段、例えば上、中、下の３段に設けることが好ましい。その場合、上段受け板および中段受け板は、それぞれ外筒内面から中心に向かう複数枚の舌片状に形成し、下段受け板は、直径数十ミリメートルの孔が多数個備えたふるい板状に形成することが好ましく、この場合は、上端の砕料投入口から外筒の一次粉砕部に投入された砕料が舌片状の上段受け板や中段受け板にぶつかりながら上記受け板の間を通って下段受け板まで下降し、その間に上、中、下の３段の粉砕用回転翼で打撃されて粉砕され、その砕製物の中で下段受け板の孔を通過可能なものが下方の二次粉砕部に送られる。
【０００９】
一方、下段受け板の孔よりもサイズが大きい砕製物は、下段受け板上に残されるが、下段の粉砕用回転翼の位置を低く設定し、回転翼の翼片下面と下段受け板上面との間隙を狭くすることによって一次粉砕後の砕製物サイズを小さくし、全量を通過可能にすることができる。特に、下段の粉砕用回転翼の翼片下面に突条の形のスクレーパーを設け、このスクレーパーの下面と下段受け板の上面との間に一定の間隙を形成することにより、上記砕製物をこのスクレーパーによる磨砕で小さくすることが可能になる。
【００１０】
前記コーン状磨砕盤の表面には母線方向の突条を放射状に突設することができ、これによって上方の一次粉砕部から落下する砕料をコーン状磨砕盤の回転に伴って再粉砕し、かつ上記の砕料を外筒の周方向に均一に分散させながら下方に導くことができる。また、上記コーン状磨砕盤の下端面の外周に沿って下端リングを外筒と同心の円筒状に固定し、この下端リングおよびその外面と対向する摩耗リング内面の少なく共一方に任意の突起または突条を形成することが好ましく、これによって上記の砕料をペレット状に粉砕する中間粉砕が能率的になり、かつコーン状磨砕盤の外周が補強される。特に摩耗リングの側に網目模様状の突起を形成した場合は、摩耗リングを消耗品として交換することが容易になり、かつ上記の中間粉砕が一層能率的になる。
【００１１】
なお、上記のコーン状磨砕盤は、その表面が下広がりの円錐面を構成し、その下端面が水平面に対して前記のように傾斜し、外周が上から見て外筒と同心の円形で、外周と摩耗リング内面との間に一定の隙間が形成されるものであれば任意である。そして、上記コーン状磨砕盤の表面を構成する円錐面の頂点は、外筒の中心線上に位置させる必要はなく、任意である。
【００１２】
また、コーン状磨砕盤の高さまたは円錐面の頂角の大きさも任意であるが、上方に前記の一次粉砕部を有するので、上記頂角を大きく、コーン状磨砕盤の高さを低くし、例えば上記頂角の大きさを９０度よりも大きく、１１０〜１３０度程度に設定することができる。換言すれば、コーン状磨砕盤の外観を陣笠形に形成し、その全高を従来の磨砕用コーンに比べて低く設定することが可能になる。
【００１３】
【発明の実施の形態】
図１に示す粉砕機は、特に平瓦（４００×４００ｍｍ×６５ｍｍ）の粉砕用に設計されたものである。この図１において、１０は全体として円筒状の外筒で、１１はその上面板であり、この上面板１１の上にモーター架台１２を介して減速機付きモーター１３が、出力軸１４を下向きにして設置され、この出力軸１４の下端にチェーンカップリング１５を介して鉛直方向の回転軸１６が接続されている。この回転軸１６は、上記外筒１０の中心線に沿って配置され、上面板１１上の上部軸受け１７および外筒１０の内側下方に固定された水平バー１８上の下部軸受１９によって支持されている。なお、外筒１０は、直径が約１０００ｍｍ、高さ（底面から上面板１１の上面までの距離）が約１２００ｍｍに設計されている。
【００１４】
上記の外筒１０は、上方の第１外筒１０ａの下に第２外筒１０ｂ、第３外筒１０ｃ、第４外筒１０ｄ、第５外筒１０ｅ、第６外筒１０ｆを順に接続して形成されており、第１外筒１０ａ、第２外筒１０ｂおよび第３外筒１０ｃに前記の一次粉砕部が形成され、第４外筒１０ｄおよび第５外筒１０ｅに前記の二次粉砕部が形成され、第６外筒１０ｆに前記の砕製物受け部が形成される。
【００１５】
上記の第１外筒１０ａと第２外筒１０ｂとの間には上段受け板２１が、また第２外筒１０ｂと第３外筒１０ｃとの間には中段受け板２２が、また第３外筒１０ｃと第４外筒１０ｄとの間には下段受け板２３がそれぞれ介設される。そして、第１外筒１０ａの片側に砕料（平瓦）の投入口が開口し、この投入口に投入用シュート２４が取付けられる。また、第１外筒１０ａの内側に上段回転翼２５が、第２外筒１０ｂの内側に中段回転翼２６が、また第３外筒１０ｃの内側に下段回転翼２７がそれぞれ配置され、それぞれが前記の回転軸１６に固定される。
【００１６】
図２に示すように、上記第１外筒１０ａの片側（図２の左側）に投入用シュート２４が取付けられ、平瓦（図示されていない）を１枚ずつ伏せた形で第１外筒１０ａ内に投入可能に形成されている。そして、前記の上段受け板２１は、円板の中央部に孔２１ａをＨ字形に開けたものであって、リング状の縁部２１ｂとこの縁部２１ｂから中央へ突出して図の上下に対向する２枚の舌片２１ｃとを備えており、上側の舌片２１ｃの紙面手前側表面の右側にストッパ２１ｄが突条の形に設けられ、上記の平瓦を係止できるように形成される。一方、上記上段受け板２１の中心を通る回転軸１６には、粉砕用の上段回転翼２５が固定されている。この上段回転翼２５は、ボス２５ａと左右２ 枚の翼片２５ｂとからなり、回転軸１６の駆動により、上記舌片２１ｃの紙面手前側を時計方向（矢印Ａ方向）に回転する。
【００１７】
上記上段受け板２１の下に（図３参照）第２外筒１０ｂを介して接続された中段受け板２２は、円板の中央部に三葉形の孔２２ａを開けたものであって、リング状の縁部２２ｂとこの縁部２２ｂの左側、右上および右下の３箇所から中央へ突出する合計３枚の舌片２２ｃとを備えており、各舌片２２ｃの紙面手前側表面には、上記の回転方向進み側にストッパ２２ｄが突条の形に設けられ、上記の平瓦を係止できるように形成される。一方、上記中段受け板２２の中心を通る回転軸１６には、粉砕用の中段回転翼２６が固定されている。この中段回転翼２６は、ボス２６ａと３枚の翼片２６ｂとからなり、翼片２６ｂの上面（紙面手前側）にはリブ状のスクレーパー２６ｃが突設されており、回転軸１６の駆動に伴って中段受け板２２の上方（紙面手前側）を時計方向に回転する。
【００１８】
上記中段受け板２２の下に（図４参照）第３外筒１０ｃを介して接続された下段受け板２３は、円板の縁部と中心部を除く略全域に直径数十ミリメートルの丸孔２３ａを多数個開けてふるい網状としたものである。なお、上記の丸孔２３ａは、下面側（紙背側）を拡大して砕製物を通過し易くすることができる。一方、上記の下段受け板２３の中心部を貫通する回転軸１６には、粉砕用の下段回転翼２７が固定されている。この下段回転翼２７は、ボス２７ａと３枚の翼片２７ｂとからなり、翼片２７ｂの上面（紙面手前側）および下面（紙背側）には、それぞれリブ状のスクレーパー２７ｃおよび２７ｄが突設されており、回転軸１６の駆動により、下段受け板２３の上方（紙面手前側）を時計方向に回転する。
【００１９】
図１において、上記下段受け板２３の下には二次粉砕部用の第４外筒１０ｄおよび第５外筒１０ｅが順に接続される。前記一次粉砕部用の第１外筒１０ａ、第２外筒１０ｂおよび第３外筒１０ｃは、それぞれ高さが砕料である平瓦の高さ６５ｍｍよりも若干高い程度、例えば７０〜１００ｍｍに設定されるが、第４外筒１０ｄおよび第５外筒１０ｅの高さは、それぞれ上記平瓦の高さ６５ｍｍの３〜５倍程度に設定され、その内側に前記のコーン状磨砕盤３０が配設される。
【００２０】
このコーン状磨砕盤３０は、頂角が約１２０度の陣笠形に近い形状のもので、底面が水平線に対して約１０度傾斜するように、上端が上部ボス３１を介して、また下端が楕円形の底板３０ａおよび下部ボス３２を介してそれぞれ前記の回転軸１６に固定され、上部ボス３１および下部ボス３２はパイプ３３で互いに連結される。そして、上記底板３０ａの下面外周に沿って硬質の下端リング３４が固定される。この下端リング３４は、外筒１０ｄ、１０ｅと同心の円筒をコーン状磨砕盤３０の下端面と同じ傾斜角度で切断した厚み一定のものであり、その高さ最大の部分（図１において右端部分）が第５外筒１０ｅの上端付近に位置し、高さ最小の部分が第５外筒１０ｅの下端付近に位置するように第４外筒１０ｄおよび第５外筒１０ｅの高さが設定される。
【００２１】
上記のコーン状磨砕盤３０は、図５に示すように、その上面に多数本のスクレーパー３５を放射方向に、かつ一定高さのリブ状に備えている。そして、上記第５外筒１０ｅは、その内面（図６参照）に突条３６を菱形の網目状（ピッチ：２０ｍｍ、高さ：３ｍｍ）に設けて摩耗リングに形成されており、この突条３６の頂部すなわち第５外筒１０ｅの内面が上記コーン状磨砕盤３０の下面に固定された下端リング３４の外周面と数ミリメートルの一定間隙で対向し、コーン状磨砕盤３０の回転に伴って砕料を上記間隙のサイズ以下に粉砕するようになっている。
【００２２】
図１において、上記の第５外筒（摩耗リング）１０ｅの下端に接続された第６外筒１０ｆは、高さが数百ミリメートルに作られ、その内側は第５外筒（摩耗リング）１０ｅの内側と連通しており、かつその内側に前記回転軸１６の下端を支持する下部軸受１９および水平バー１８を備えている。そして、第６外筒１０ｆの片側には、砕製物の取出口３７が開口し、この取出口３７に対向して傾斜底３８が水平面に対して斜めに設けられ、上方から落下する砕製物を取出口３７側へ導くようになっている。
【００２３】
図７は、上記粉砕機の機構説明図である。この図７において、第１外筒１０ａ、第２外筒１０ｂ、第３外筒１０ｃ、第４外筒１０ｄおよび第５外筒１０ｅは、順に接続されてている。ただし、第１外筒１０ａと第２外筒１０ｂとの間には上段受け板２１が、第２外筒１０ｂと第３外筒１０ｃとの間に中段受け板２２が、第３外筒１０ｃと第４外筒１０ｄとの間には下段受け板２３がそれぞれ介設され、互いに一体化されている。一方、回転軸１６には、粉砕用の上段回転翼２５、中段回転翼２６、下段回転翼２７およびコーン状磨砕盤３０が上から下に順に固定されている。
【００２４】
上記の構造において、回転軸１６をモーター駆動により時計方向（矢印Ａ方向）に低速度で、例えば１５〜３０ｒｐｍの速度で回転させると、上記の上段回転翼２５、中段回転翼２６、下段回転翼２７およびコーン状磨砕盤３０がそれぞれ同一の速度で回転する。次いで、シュート２４に砕料の平瓦（図示されていない）を伏せた形で投入し、これを第１外筒１０ａの内側に押し込むと、上記の平瓦はその前端を下にしてシュート２４の直下に位置する上段受け板２１の孔２１ａを通って落下し、その途中で上段回転翼２５の打撃を受けて粉砕されたり、また中段受け板２２の舌片２２ｃ上に当たって起立した状態で上段回転翼２５や中段回転翼２６の打撃を受けて粉砕されたりしながら、一部の中間砕製物は中段受け板２２の孔２２ａを通過して下段受け板２３に落下し、他の中間砕製物は上段回転翼２５や中段回転翼２６で上段受け板２１ｃや中段受け板２２ｃの上に運ばれて粉砕され、しかるのち下方に払い落とされる。
【００２５】
ただし、この実施形態では、上段受け板２１の２枚の舌片２１ｃ中、上段回転翼２５の回転方向に沿ってシュート２４から近い側（図２において上側、または図７において右上側）の舌片２１ｃはストッパ２１ｄを有するが、遠い側（図２において下側、または図７において左側）の舌片２１ｃはストッパ２１ｄを有しないため、近い側の舌片２１ｃに乗った中間砕製物は次に回転してくる上段回転翼２５の翼片２５ｂで再度粉砕されるが、遠い側の舌片２１ｃに乗った中間砕製物は次に回転してくる上段回転翼２５の翼片２５ｂで払い落とされ、これが下で回転する中段回転翼２６の打撃によって粉砕され、この打撃で飛ばされて回転方向前方の中段受け板２２の舌片２２ｃに乗った中間砕製物は、次に回転してくる中段回転翼２６の翼片２６ｂの打撃で再び粉砕される。
【００２６】
そして、下段受け板２３上に落下した中間砕製物中、比較的大きいものは下段回転翼２７の打撃を受けて更に粉砕され、比較的小さいものは、下段回転翼２７の翼片２７ｂ下面のスクレーパー２７ｄ（図４参照）で磨砕されて一層細粒化され、下段受け板２３上に開口する孔２３ａよりも小さくなったものは、該孔２３ａを通って下のコーン状磨砕盤３０上に落下し、該孔２３ａよりも大きいものは、上記スクレーパー２７ｄの作用を繰返し受け、上記の孔２３ａを通過可能なサイズに磨砕され、粗粉砕のための一次粉砕が終わる。
【００２７】
一次粉砕が終わり、上記下段受け板２３の孔２３ａを通過してコーン状磨砕盤３０上に落下した一次粉砕の砕製物すなわち二次粉砕の砕料は、コーン状磨砕盤３０の回転に伴い、その表面のスクレーパー３５の打撃を受けて飛ばされ、粉砕され、八方に均一に分散されながらコーン状磨砕盤３０の表面を落下する。そして、コーン状磨砕盤３０の下縁に達すると、コーン状磨砕盤３０下面の下端リング３４と第５外筒（摩耗リング）１０ｅの協働作用で上記の砕料が磨砕され、上記の下端リング３４および第５外筒１０ｅ間の隙間を通過可能なサイズ、例えば直径数ミリメートル以下のペレット状まで小さくなった後、上記の隙間から下方に落下し、第６外筒１０ｆ（図１参照）内の砕製物受け部に収容される。
【００２８】
上記実施形態の構造において、外筒１０の直径を約１０００ｍｍに、高さを約１２００ｍｍに、下段受け板２３の孔２３ａの直径を３０ｍｍに、コーン状磨砕盤３０下面の下端リング３４と第５外筒（摩耗リング）１０ｅ間の隙間を約６ｍｍに設定して回転軸１６を２０ｒｐｍで回転したところ、前記の平瓦を１分間に１５枚の速度で粉砕することができ、小規模の瓦粉砕機として好適であった。そして、得られた砕製物は、５０メッシュのふるい目を通過しない直径４ｍｍ以下のペレットと上記のふるい目を通過する粉末とからなり、この粉末が全量の約３０％を占め、コンクリート製品の骨材等にて使用可能であり、リサイクル用として好適であった。
【００２９】
【発明の効果】
上記のとおり、この発明は、鉛直方向の回転軸の上半部に固定した粉砕用の回転翼で砕料の一次粉砕を行い、続いて上記回転軸の下半部に固定したコーン状磨砕盤で二次粉砕を行うものであり、上記の一次粉砕で粗粉砕が、また二次粉砕で中間粉砕がそれぞれ行われるので、瓦その他の粉砕に用いてリサイクル可能なペレット状の砕製物を得ることができ、かつ据付け面積を狭くすることができる。そして、一次粉砕部および二次粉砕部が外筒内に設けられていて開放部分が少ないので、騒音が小さくなり、埃の舞い上がりが防止される。また、コーン状磨砕盤の底面を傾斜させたので、砕製物の噛み込みが生じない。
【００３０】
特に請求項２に係る発明によれば、一次粉砕により直径数十ミリメートル以下の中間砕製物が得られる。また、請求項３に係る発明によれば、上記の中間砕製物がコーン状磨砕盤の外周に均一に分配され、かつ二次粉砕が円滑に行われ、粉砕機の生産性が向上する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】この発明の実施形態の縦断面図である。
【図２】第１外筒部分の横断面図である。
【図３】第２外筒部分の横断面図である。
【図４】第３外筒部分の横断面図である。
【図５】第４外筒部分の横断面図である。
【図６】第５外筒の内面拡大図（ａ）とそのＥ−Ｅ線断面図（ｂ）である。
【図７】実施形態の機能を説明する要部の斜視図である。
【符号の説明】
１０：外筒、１０ａ：第１外筒、１０ｂ：第２外筒、１０ｃ：第３外筒、１０ｄ：第４外筒、１０ｅ：第５外筒（摩耗リング）、１０ｆ：第６外筒
１１：上面板
１３：減速機付きモーター
１６：回転軸
２１、２２、２３：受け板
２１ａ、２２ａ、２３ａ：孔
２１ｃ、２２ｃ：舌片
２４：投入用シュート
２５、２６、２７：回転翼
３０：コーン状磨砕盤、３０ａ：底板
３４：下端リング
３５：スクレーパー
３６：突条
３７：取出口
３８：傾斜底[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention enables the above-mentioned waste to be processed into pellets having a diameter of several millimeters or less by continuously performing coarse pulverization and intermediate pulverization on waste such as tiles, bricks, whetstones, ceramics, and glassware. The present invention relates to a crusher which can be suitably used for recycling the above-mentioned waste products, and which has a rotating shaft provided in a vertical direction and can reduce an installation area.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a tile crusher, a plurality of rotating shafts are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other at the bottom of the hopper, a plurality of disks are fixed to each rotating shaft, a hammer is attached to the disks, It is known that a roof tile or the like that moves the bottom portion from one side to the other is crushed by hitting with the above-mentioned rotary hammer (see JP-A-5-309281 and JP-A-11-104507). However, since the above crusher simply hits a tile or the like with a hammer, coarse crushing of crushing material such as a tile to a diameter of about several tens of millimeters is possible, but intermediate crushing into pellets of several millimeters in diameter is possible. Crushing is not possible, so the crushed material cannot be used for recycling, and the noise increases.Moreover, a large amount of tiles, etc. are thrown into the hopper and crushed while moving it in the horizontal direction. However, there was a problem that dust became soared.
[0003]
In addition, as a crusher with a vertical rotation axis, a cylindrical outer cylinder is vertically connected to the lower end opening of the hopper, a cone is placed on the rotation axis passing through its center line, and the small diameter side faces up. The crushing material such as rubble, which is fixed and put into the hopper from above, is crushed by the cooperative action of a spiral blade protruding from the inner surface of the outer cylinder and a number of claws protruding from the surface of the cone. Such a configuration is known (see JP-A-11-157915). However, since the crusher using the above-mentioned cone is a type in which the crushing material is crushed by the blades on the inner surface of the outer cylinder and the claws on the surface of the cone, when crushing a large crushing material such as a roof tile, the efficiency is high. It is necessary to carry out coarse crushing in advance with another crusher, so that the installation area becomes large as a whole, and the crushed material is caught between the lower end of the cone and the inner surface of the outer cylinder, and the rotation of the cone However, there are problems such as stoppage and breakage of the cone or the outer cylinder. In order to prevent this, it has been necessary to add a troublesome mechanism such as reversing the cone.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention uses tiles, bricks, whetstones, porcelain, glassware, and other waste products as crushing materials, and continuously performs primary grinding corresponding to coarse grinding and secondary grinding equivalent to intermediate grinding to have a diameter of several millimeters or less. In pellet form, it is possible to obtain crushed material suitable for recycling, and it is possible to reduce the installation area, reduce noise, dust does not fly up, and crushed product does not bite Is to do so.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The pulverizer according to the present invention is provided with a motor-driven rotary shaft along the center line of the vertical cylindrical outer cylinder, and inside the upper part of the outer cylinder, a pulverizing rotary blade fixed to the rotary shaft and A primary crushing section for coarse crushing is formed by a receiving plate fixed to the outer cylinder below the wing, and a cone-shaped grinding machine with a downwardly spread cone fixed to the rotating shaft inside the middle portion of the outer cylinder. Forming a secondary crushing section for intermediate crushing with the wear ring fixed to the inner surface of the outer cylinder, and forming a crushing material inlet such as a roof tile, a brick, a grindstone, a ceramic and a glassware at the upper end of the primary crushing section, A crushed material receiving portion for accommodating crushed material is formed inside a lower portion of the outer cylinder, and a lower end surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine is inclined with respect to a horizontal plane.
[0006]
In other words, in the present invention, a primary pulverizing section for pulverizing a crushing material having a size of several hundred millimeters into tens of millimeters (so-called coarse crushing) inside a vertical cylindrical outer cylinder, and crushing tens of millimeters of crushing material into several millimeters A secondary pulverizing section (so-called intermediate pulverization) and a pulverized material receiving section for accommodating the obtained pulverized material are formed in order from top to bottom, and a pulverizing material inlet is formed at an upper end of the primary pulverizing section. Therefore, when a crushing material such as a tile is charged from the above-described crushing material inlet, while the crushing material falls in the outer cylinder, so-called coarse crushing is first performed by the cooperative action of the receiving plate and the crushing rotor. The obtained primary crushed product falls on the cone-shaped grinding machine of the secondary grinding unit, and is guided downward while being crushed. Pulverization is performed and the size of the pellet is reduced to several millimeters or less in accordance with the size of the gap between the outer periphery of the cone-shaped grinding machine and the inner periphery of the wear ring. It becomes possible to take out the powdered product from the crushed product receiving portion as appropriate.
[0007]
And, since the lower end surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane, the outer periphery of the cone-shaped grinding machine constantly moves up and down with respect to any one point on the inner surface of the wear ring with its rotation. As a result, the primary crushed product does not get caught in the gap between the outer periphery of the cone-shaped grinding machine and the inner periphery of the wear ring. Cancel automatically. Therefore, the rotation of the cone-shaped grinding machine does not stop, and a part of the grinding machine does not break. The angle of inclination of the lower end surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine is arbitrary as long as the above-mentioned biting does not occur, but usually 5 to 20 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane is sufficient.
[0008]
The shape and structure of the crushing rotor and the receiving plate are not limited as long as the crushing material can be roughly crushed to a desired size, and can be appropriately selected according to the type and size of the crushing material. However, it is usually preferable to provide the crushing rotor and the receiving plate in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, for example, in three stages of upper, middle, and lower. In that case, the upper receiving plate and the middle receiving plate are each formed in the shape of a plurality of tongue pieces extending from the inner surface of the outer cylinder toward the center, and the lower receiving plate is formed into a sieve plate having a large number of holes having a diameter of several tens of millimeters. In this case, it is preferable that in this case, the crushed material charged into the primary crushing portion of the outer cylinder from the crushed material charging port at the upper end passes between the receiving plates while colliding with the tongue-shaped upper receiving plate or the middle receiving plate. It descends to the lower receiving plate, during which it is blown and crushed by the upper, middle, and lower three-stage crushing rotors, and among the crushed products, those that can pass through the holes of the lower receiving plate are crushed. It is sent to the next crushing section.
[0009]
On the other hand, crushed material having a size larger than the hole of the lower receiving plate is left on the lower receiving plate, but the position of the lower crushing rotor is set lower, and the lower surface of the wing piece of the rotor and the upper surface of the lower receiving plate are set. The size of the crushed product after the primary pulverization can be reduced by narrowing the gap between the first and second pulverizations so that the whole amount can be passed. In particular, by providing a scraper in the form of a ridge on the lower surface of the wing piece of the lower crushing rotor, and forming a constant gap between the lower surface of the scraper and the upper surface of the lower receiving plate, the crushed product is removed. Grinding by this scraper makes it possible to reduce the size.
[0010]
A ridge in the generatrix direction can be radially protruded on the surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine, so that the crushing material falling from the upper primary grinding unit is reground with the rotation of the cone-shaped grinding machine. In addition, the crushing material can be guided downward while being uniformly dispersed in the circumferential direction of the outer cylinder. In addition, a lower end ring is fixed in a cylindrical shape concentric with the outer cylinder along the outer periphery of the lower end surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine, and at least one of the lower ring and the inner surface of the wear ring opposed to the outer surface has an optional protrusion. Alternatively, it is preferable to form a ridge, whereby the intermediate pulverization for pulverizing the above-mentioned pulverizing material into pellets becomes efficient, and the outer periphery of the cone-shaped grinding machine is reinforced. In particular, when a network-like projection is formed on the side of the wear ring, it is easy to replace the wear ring as a consumable item, and the above-mentioned intermediate pulverization becomes more efficient.
[0011]
In addition, the above-mentioned cone-shaped grinding machine has a conical surface whose surface spreads downward, its lower end surface is inclined with respect to the horizontal plane as described above, and the outer periphery is concentric with the outer cylinder when viewed from above. It is optional as long as a certain gap is formed between the outer periphery and the inner surface of the wear ring. The vertex of the conical surface constituting the surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine does not need to be located on the center line of the outer cylinder, and is arbitrary.
[0012]
Also, the height of the cone-shaped grinding machine or the size of the vertex angle of the conical surface is arbitrary, but since the primary grinding portion is provided above, the apex angle is increased, and the height of the cone-shaped grinding machine is increased. For example, the magnitude of the apex angle can be set to be larger than 90 degrees and about 110 to 130 degrees. In other words, it is possible to form the appearance of the cone-shaped grinding machine into a skirt shape and set the overall height to be lower than that of the conventional grinding cone.
[0013]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The crusher shown in FIG. 1 is designed especially for crushing flat tiles (400 × 400 mm × 65 mm). In FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 denotes a cylindrical outer cylinder as a whole, and reference numeral 11 denotes an upper surface plate. On the upper surface plate 11, a motor 13 with a speed reducer via a motor mount 12 turns an output shaft 14 downward. A vertical rotating shaft 16 is connected to a lower end of the output shaft 14 via a chain coupling 15. The rotating shaft 16 is arranged along the center line of the outer cylinder 10 and is supported by an upper bearing 17 on the upper surface plate 11 and a lower bearing 19 on a horizontal bar 18 fixed below the inside of the outer cylinder 10. I have. The outer cylinder 10 is designed to have a diameter of about 1000 mm and a height (distance from the bottom surface to the upper surface of the upper plate 11) of about 1200 mm.
[0014]
The outer cylinder 10 connects the second outer cylinder 10b, the third outer cylinder 10c, the fourth outer cylinder 10d, the fifth outer cylinder 10e, and the sixth outer cylinder 10f in this order below the upper first outer cylinder 10a. The first pulverizing portion is formed in the first outer cylinder 10a, the second outer cylinder 10b, and the third outer cylinder 10c, and the second pulverization is performed in the fourth outer cylinder 10d and the fifth outer cylinder 10e. A portion is formed, and the crushed product receiving portion is formed in the sixth outer cylinder 10f.
[0015]
An upper receiving plate 21 is provided between the first outer cylinder 10a and the second outer cylinder 10b, an intermediate receiving plate 22 is provided between the second outer cylinder 10b and the third outer cylinder 10c, and Lower stage receiving plates 23 are interposed between the outer cylinder 10c and the fourth outer cylinder 10d, respectively. Then, an opening for charging the crushing material (flat tile) is opened on one side of the first outer cylinder 10a, and a charging chute 24 is attached to this opening. Also, an upper rotor 25 is arranged inside the first outer cylinder 10a, a middle rotor 26 is arranged inside the second outer cylinder 10b, and a lower rotor 27 is arranged inside the third outer cylinder 10c. It is fixed to the rotation shaft 16.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 2, a charging chute 24 is attached to one side (the left side in FIG. 2) of the first outer cylinder 10a, and the first outer cylinder 10a is flattened (not shown) one by one. It is formed so as to be able to be charged into 10a. The upper receiving plate 21 has a hole 21a formed in the center of the disk in an H-shape, and has a ring-shaped edge 21b and projects from the edge 21b toward the center to face up and down in the figure. The upper tongue 21c is provided with a stopper 21d in the form of a ridge on the right side of the near surface of the upper surface of the tongue 21c so that the flat tile can be locked. . On the other hand, an upper rotating blade 25 for grinding is fixed to the rotating shaft 16 passing through the center of the upper receiving plate 21. The upper rotary blade 25 is composed of a boss 25a and two left and right blade pieces 25b. By driving the rotary shaft 16, the front side of the tongue piece 21c in the drawing is rotated clockwise (direction of arrow A).
[0017]
The middle receiving plate 22 connected below the upper receiving plate 21 (see FIG. 3) via the second outer cylinder 10b has a three-lobed hole 22a opened in the center of the disk. It has a ring-shaped edge 22b and a total of three tongues 22c protruding toward the center from three locations on the left, upper right and lower right of the edge 22b. A stopper 22d is provided in the form of a ridge on the leading side in the rotation direction, and is formed so that the flat tile can be locked. On the other hand, a middle rotating blade 26 for grinding is fixed to the rotating shaft 16 passing through the center of the middle receiving plate 22. The middle rotary blade 26 includes a boss 26a and three blade pieces 26b, and a rib-shaped scraper 26c is protruded from the upper surface (front side in the drawing) of the blade piece 26b to drive the rotary shaft 16. Accordingly, the upper part of the middle receiving plate 22 (on the front side in the drawing) is rotated clockwise.
[0018]
The lower receiving plate 23 connected below the middle receiving plate 22 via the third outer cylinder 10c (see FIG. 4) has a round hole having a diameter of several tens of millimeters over substantially the entire region except for the edge and the center of the disk. 23a is opened to form a sieve net. In addition, the above-mentioned round hole 23a can enlarge a lower surface side (paper back side) to make it easier to pass the crushed material. On the other hand, a lower rotating blade 27 for pulverization is fixed to the rotating shaft 16 penetrating through the center of the lower receiving plate 23. The lower rotary blade 27 is composed of a boss 27a and three blade pieces 27b, and rib-shaped scrapers 27c and 27d protrude from the upper surface (front side of the paper) and the lower surface (back side of the paper) of the blade 27b, respectively. The upper portion of the lower receiving plate 23 (on the front side of the drawing) is rotated clockwise by the driving of the rotating shaft 16.
[0019]
In FIG. 1, a fourth outer cylinder 10d and a fifth outer cylinder 10e for a secondary pulverizing section are connected in order below the lower receiving plate 23. The first outer cylinder 10a, the second outer cylinder 10b, and the third outer cylinder 10c for the primary crushing section each have a height slightly higher than the height 65 mm of the flat tile as the crushing material, for example, 70 to 100 mm. The height of the fourth outer cylinder 10d and the fifth outer cylinder 10e is set to be about 3 to 5 times the height of the flat tile of 65 mm, respectively, and the cone-shaped grinding machine 30 Is arranged.
[0020]
The cone-shaped grinding machine 30 has a vertex angle of about 120 degrees and is close to a jin-shape shape. The upper end is formed through the upper boss 31 so that the bottom surface is inclined about 10 degrees with respect to the horizontal line. Are fixed to the rotary shaft 16 via an oval bottom plate 30 a and a lower boss 32, respectively, and the upper boss 31 and the lower boss 32 are connected to each other by a pipe 33. Then, a hard lower ring 34 is fixed along the outer periphery of the lower surface of the bottom plate 30a. The lower end ring 34 has a constant thickness obtained by cutting a cylinder concentric with the outer cylinders 10d and 10e at the same inclination angle as the lower end surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine 30, and has a maximum height portion (right end in FIG. 1). Part) is located near the upper end of the fifth outer cylinder 10e, and the heights of the fourth outer cylinder 10d and the fifth outer cylinder 10e are set such that the minimum height part is located near the lower end of the fifth outer cylinder 10e. Is done.
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 5, the cone-shaped grinding machine 30 has a large number of scrapers 35 on its upper surface in the radial direction and in the shape of a rib having a constant height. The fifth outer cylinder 10e is formed in a wear ring by forming a ridge 36 on the inner surface (see FIG. 6) in a rhombic mesh (pitch: 20 mm, height: 3 mm). The top of 36, that is, the inner surface of the fifth outer cylinder 10e faces the outer peripheral surface of the lower end ring 34 fixed to the lower surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine 30 with a constant gap of several millimeters. Accordingly, the crushing material is crushed to the size of the gap or less.
[0022]
In FIG. 1, the sixth outer cylinder 10f connected to the lower end of the fifth outer cylinder (wear ring) 10e has a height of several hundred millimeters, and the inside thereof is the fifth outer cylinder (wear ring) 10e. A lower bearing 19 and a horizontal bar 18 that communicate with the inside of the shaft and that support the lower end of the rotating shaft 16 are provided inside. On one side of the sixth outer cylinder 10f, an outlet 37 for the crushed material is opened, and an inclined bottom 38 is provided obliquely with respect to the horizontal plane so as to face the outlet 37, and the crushed product falls from above. The object is guided to the exit 37 side.
[0023]
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of the mechanism of the crusher. In FIG. 7, the first outer cylinder 10a, the second outer cylinder 10b, the third outer cylinder 10c, the fourth outer cylinder 10d, and the fifth outer cylinder 10e are connected in order. However, an upper receiving plate 21 is provided between the first outer cylinder 10a and the second outer cylinder 10b, an intermediate receiving plate 22 is provided between the second outer cylinder 10b and the third outer cylinder 10c, and a third outer cylinder 10c is provided. Lower receiving plates 23 are interposed between the first and fourth outer cylinders 10d, respectively, and are integrated with each other. On the other hand, an upper rotating blade 25 for grinding, a middle rotating blade 26, a lower rotating blade 27, and a cone-shaped grinding machine 30 are fixed to the rotating shaft 16 in order from top to bottom.
[0024]
In the above structure, when the rotating shaft 16 is rotated at a low speed in a clockwise direction (direction of arrow A) by a motor drive, for example, at a speed of 15 to 30 rpm, the upper rotating blade 25, the middle rotating blade 26, and the lower rotating blade 26 are rotated. 27 and the cone-shaped grinding machine 30 respectively rotate at the same speed. Next, a flat tile (not shown) of a crushing material is thrown into the chute 24 in a face-down manner and pushed into the inside of the first outer cylinder 10a. Falls through the hole 21a of the upper receiving plate 21 located immediately below the upper stage, and is crushed by being hit by the upper rotating blades 25 on the way, or hits on the tongue piece 22c of the middle receiving plate 22 and stands upright. Some of the intermediate crushed product falls through the hole 22a of the middle receiving plate 22 and falls to the lower receiving plate 23 while being pulverized by being hit by the rotary wings 25 and the middle rotary wings 26. The product is carried on the upper stage receiving plate 21c and the middle stage receiving plate 22c by the upper stage rotating blades 25 and the middle stage rotating blades 26, and is pulverized, and is then washed down.
[0025]
However, in this embodiment, of the two tongue pieces 21c of the upper receiving plate 21, the tongue on the side closer to the chute 24 along the rotation direction of the upper rotor 25 (upper side in FIG. 2 or upper right side in FIG. 7). Although the piece 21c has a stopper 21d, the tongue piece 21c on the far side (the lower side in FIG. 2 or the left side in FIG. 7) does not have the stopper 21d. Next, the crushed pieces are again crushed by the wing pieces 25b of the upper rotating blade 25 rotating, but the intermediate crushed product on the tongue piece 21c on the far side is separated by the wing pieces 25b of the next rotating upper rotating blade 25. The intermediate crushed product which has been blown off and is crushed by the impact of the rotating middle rotor 26 rotating below and which has been blown off by this impact and rides on the tongue piece 22c of the middle receiving plate 22 in the rotational direction ahead is rotated next. The wing fragment of the coming middle stage rotor 26 It is again ground in a blow of 6b.
[0026]
Among the intermediate crushed products dropped on the lower receiving plate 23, relatively large ones are further pulverized by being hit by the lower rotary blade 27, and relatively small ones on the lower surface of the wing piece 27b of the lower rotary blade 27. Those that have been ground by a scraper 27d (see FIG. 4) to be further refined and smaller than the holes 23a opened on the lower receiving plate 23 pass through the holes 23a and have a lower cone-shaped grinding machine 30. Those that have fallen upward and are larger than the holes 23a are repeatedly subjected to the action of the scraper 27d, are ground into a size that can pass through the holes 23a, and the primary grinding for coarse grinding is completed.
[0027]
After the primary pulverization is completed, the crushed material of the primary pulverization, that is, the pulverization material of the secondary pulverization, which has passed through the hole 23a of the lower receiving plate 23 and dropped onto the cone-shaped grinding plate 30, is rotated by the rotation of the cone-shaped grinding plate 30. Along with this, it is blown off by being hit by the scraper 35 on its surface, crushed, and falls down on the surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine 30 while being uniformly dispersed in all directions. Then, when reaching the lower edge of the cone-shaped grinding machine 30, the above-mentioned crushing material is ground by the cooperation of the lower end ring 34 on the lower surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine 30 and the fifth outer cylinder (wear ring) 10e. After the size has decreased to a size that can pass through the gap between the lower end ring 34 and the fifth outer cylinder 10e, for example, a pellet having a diameter of several millimeters or less, the pellet falls downward from the gap and the sixth outer cylinder 10f (FIG. 1).
[0028]
In the structure of the above embodiment, the outer cylinder 10 has a diameter of about 1000 mm, a height of about 1200 mm, a diameter of the hole 23 a of the lower receiving plate 23 of 30 mm, and a lower end ring 34 on the lower surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine 30. When the rotating shaft 16 is rotated at 20 rpm while the gap between the five outer cylinders (wear rings) 10e is set to about 6 mm, the flat tile can be ground at a speed of 15 sheets per minute. It was suitable as a tile crusher. The obtained crushed product is composed of pellets having a diameter of 4 mm or less that do not pass through a 50-mesh sieve and powder that passes through the above-mentioned sieve. This powder occupies about 30% of the total amount, and It could be used as aggregate and the like, and was suitable for recycling.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the present invention performs primary pulverization of a crushing material by a crushing rotor fixed to the upper half of the vertical rotating shaft, and then performs cone-shaped grinding fixed to the lower half of the rotating shaft. The secondary pulverization is performed by a board, and coarse pulverization is performed in the primary pulverization, and intermediate pulverization is performed in the secondary pulverization, so that recyclable pellets can be used for tiles and other pulverization. And the installation area can be reduced. Since the primary crushing section and the secondary crushing section are provided in the outer cylinder and have few open portions, noise is reduced and dust is prevented from rising. Further, since the bottom surface of the cone-shaped grinding machine is inclined, the crushed product does not bite.
[0030]
In particular, according to the second aspect of the invention, an intermediate crushed product having a diameter of several tens of millimeters or less can be obtained by primary crushing. According to the third aspect of the present invention, the above-mentioned intermediate crushed product is evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the cone-shaped grinding machine, and the secondary crushing is performed smoothly, thereby improving the productivity of the crusher. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a first outer cylinder portion.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a second outer cylinder portion.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a third outer cylinder portion.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth outer cylinder portion.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view (a) of an inner surface of a fifth outer cylinder and a cross-sectional view (b) thereof along the line EE.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a main part for explaining functions of the embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
10: outer cylinder, 10a: first outer cylinder, 10b: second outer cylinder, 10c: third outer cylinder, 10d: fourth outer cylinder, 10e: fifth outer cylinder (wear ring), 10f: sixth outer cylinder 11: Top plate 13: Motor with reduction gear 16: Rotating shafts 21, 22, 23: Receiving plates 21a, 22a, 23a: Holes 21c, 22c: Tongue piece 24: Shooting chute 25, 26, 27: Rotating blade 30: Cone grinding machine, 30a: bottom plate 34: lower end ring 35: scraper 36: ridge 37: outlet 38: inclined bottom
