JP2004066108A - High temperature high pressure treatment device - Google Patents

High temperature high pressure treatment device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004066108A
JP2004066108A JP2002229105A JP2002229105A JP2004066108A JP 2004066108 A JP2004066108 A JP 2004066108A JP 2002229105 A JP2002229105 A JP 2002229105A JP 2002229105 A JP2002229105 A JP 2002229105A JP 2004066108 A JP2004066108 A JP 2004066108A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
container
temperature
pressure
opening
substance
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JP2002229105A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Hideki Konishi
小西 秀樹
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Erutekkusu Kk
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Erutekkusu Kk
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Priority to JP2002229105A priority Critical patent/JP2004066108A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high temperature high pressure treatment device with a new constitution which can be used without contaminating the flow passage in a system. <P>SOLUTION: The high temperature high pressure treatment device has a first container 2; a heating pressurization means for making the inside of the first container to the predetermined high temperature and high pressure state; and a second container 21 housed in the first container. The second container comprises a container body 29 having a housing space 28 for a substance to be treated inside; and a plunger 30 movable along an opening of the container while maintaining the state that the opening of the container body is sealed. The housing space for the substance to be treated in the container body is maintained to approximately the same temperature as the internal temperature of the first container by heat conduction and is maintained to the same pressure as the internal pressure of the first container by moving the plunger along the opening of the container. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は流体物質を高温高圧状態に処理するための装置に関し、たとえば、水や二酸化炭素等の流体物質を超臨界状態にするための高温高圧処理装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年の研究により、地球環境の浄化のための難分解物(PCB、ダイオキシン等)の分解や、人体に害を及ぼす毒物の分解等に超臨界水反応を効果的に利用できることが明らかになり、一部では実用化のためのセミプラントの運転が開始されている。超臨界水とは、水が臨界温度(374℃)および臨界圧力(22.5MPa)以上の臨界状態となって気体と液体の境界がなくなって単一相となっているものを言い、溶質を溶解する液体としての特性と拡散性に優れる気体としての特性を兼ね備えており、有機物を酸化分解する能力がきわめて高い。
【0003】
また、二酸化炭素についても、その臨界温度(31℃)および臨界圧力(7.3MPa)以上となった超臨界二酸化炭素を媒体として用いることによって、毒性を持つ物質の分離処理等に有効活用することが有望視されており、たとえば、超臨界二酸化炭素を利用してウラン酸化物を含む固体廃棄物からウランを除去回収する方法が提案されている。
【0004】
図4は、超臨界反応を利用した廃棄物処理装置の従来構成例を示している。この廃棄物処理装置10は、超臨界物質で処理すべき廃棄物Wを収容する高圧容器11と、この高圧容器11を収容するオーブン12と、このオーブン12内を用いる流体物質の臨界温度以上の温度条件に維持するコントローラ13とを有して構成されている。高圧容器11は流体物質の臨界圧力および臨界温度に耐え得る材質で製作されており、タンク1内の流体物質がポンプ2および導入管3を介して導入される。ポンプ2には、流体物質をその臨界圧力以上の圧力で送液可能なものを用いる必要があり、一般に、タンク1内に液体が収容されている場合はレシプロポンプが用いられ、ガスの場合にはシリンジポンプが用いられる。
【0005】
導入管3に設けられる安全弁4は、配管の詰まり等のトラブルによって容器12の内圧が異常に上昇したときに開いて圧力開放して事故を未然に防ぐ。圧力解放バルブ5aおよび5b(後述)は、常時は開放状態であるが、これらバルブを閉止することによって流体物質を高圧容器11内に封じ込め、周囲の温度を変えることによって内部の圧力を調整することができる。流体物質を常に流し続けるフロー式で装置を運転する場合は、これら圧力解放バルブ5a,5bは不要である。
【0006】
オーブン12としては通常はエアオーブンが用いられ、オーブン12を取り囲むヒータージャケット14により内部の空気が加熱され、これによって熱伝導で高圧容器11内の流体物質をその臨界温度以上に加熱する。オーブン12内の温度は温度センサ15で常時検知されており、その結果を受けたコントローラ13がオーブン12内の温度を常に所定範囲に維持している。これによって、高圧容器11内の温度を流体物質の臨界温度以上に加熱するとともに、前述のように、バッチ処理において温度をパラメータとして高圧容器11の内圧を流体物質の臨界圧力以上の希望する圧力条件に調整することができる。また、高圧容器11内の温度を常時検知する温度センサ16を設け、その結果に基づいてコントローラ13がオーブン12内の温度を制御するようにしてもよい。図示の構成では流体物質の加熱手段としてオーブン12を用いているが、これに代えて、高圧容器11の胴部にカートリッジヒーターを装着して該容器内の流体物質を直接加熱する構成を採用することもできる。
【0007】
このようにして高圧容器11内の温度および圧力が流体物質の臨界温度および圧力以上となるので、高圧容器11内の廃棄物Wを超臨界反応で処理する。処理後の廃液は、冷却コイル6、圧力解放バルブ5bおよび圧力調整バルブ7を備えた排出管8を介して、廃液タンク9に排出される。冷却コイル6は、高圧容器11内で処理された高温状態の廃液を冷却して、圧力解放バルブ5bおよび圧力調整バルブ7に動作不良等のトラブルが生ずることを未然に防止する。単純な空冷方式の冷却コイル6に代えて、排出管8の周囲に冷却水を循環させる水冷方式の冷却装置を用いてもよい。圧力解放バルブ5bは、導入管3に設けられる圧力解放バルブ5aについて前述したように、バッチ式の場合に設けられ、常時は開放されているが、高圧容器11の内圧を温度変化に応じて調整する必要があるときに閉止される。圧力調整バルブ7は、ポンプ2の出口からここまでの圧力を一定に維持するためのバルブであり、圧力計を目視しながら手動操作でバルブ開度を調整する手動式と、内部の圧力センサによりバルブを所定の開度に自動調整する自動式のいずれもであっても使用可能である。
【0008】
流体物質を高温高圧状態に処理するための装置は、上述の超臨界反応を利用した廃棄物処理装置として使用されるほか、各種の用途に使用される。たとえば、地球環境の調査の中で深海海底の熱水噴出口近傍には貝や海老等のコロニーが存在することが認められ、土中には大気中に存在しない硫化硫黄を食料とするバクテリアが発見されており、近年、これらの生態の研究に、熱水噴出口の近傍の条件を再現する試みが行われているが、この研究においても図4に示す構成に近似した実験装置が使用されている。
【0009】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
図4に示す廃棄物処理装置では、高圧容器11内の廃棄物Wを超臨界反応により処理して有害物を分解除去するが、100%完全に分解することは実際上不可能であるため、濃度は低いものの若干の有害物を含んだ状態の廃液が排出管8を通ることとなり、これを無害化するための後処理が必要であった。
【0010】
また、上述の熱水噴出口近傍条件を再現するための実験装置にしても、海水を系内で流動させると該海水に含まれるバクテリアですべての流路が汚染されてしまうため、次に別種の海水を行おうとしても、以前の海水中のバクテリアが残留して実験精度を著しく低下させる可能性があった。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明は、従来技術における上記問題を解決し、系内の流路を汚染させずに使用できる新規な構成の高温高圧処理装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
この目的を達成するため、請求項1にかかる本発明は、第1の容器と、第1の容器の内部を所定の高温高圧状態とするための加熱加圧手段と、第1の容器内に収容される第2の容器とを有し、第2の容器は、内部に被処理物質のための収容空間を有する容器本体と、容器本体の開口を密封した状態を維持しながら該容器開口に沿って移動可能なプランジャとからなり、容器本体内の被処理物質収容空間は、熱伝導により第1の容器の内部温度と略同一の温度に維持されるとともに、プランジャが容器開口に沿って移動することにより第1の容器の内圧と同一圧力に維持されることを特徴とする高温高圧処理装置である。
【0013】
また、請求項2にかかる本発明は、第1の容器と、第1の容器に所定の高温高圧状態の流体物質を導入して第1の容器の内部を所定の高温高圧状態とするための導入手段と、導入手段により第1の容器に導入された流体物質を排出する排出手段と、第1の容器の内部を所定温度に維持する保温手段と、第1の容器内に収容される第2の容器とを有し、第2の容器は、内部に被処理物質のための収容空間を有する容器本体と、容器本体の開口を密封した状態を維持しながら該容器開口に沿って移動可能なプランジャとからなり、容器本体内の被処理物質収容空間は、熱伝導により第1の容器の内部温度と略同一の温度に維持されるとともに、プランジャが容器開口に沿って移動することにより第1の容器の内圧と同一圧力に維持されることを特徴とする高温高圧処理装置である。
【0014】
請求項3は、請求項2の高温高圧処理装置において、導入手段により第1の容器に導入される流体物質が液体または気体の水または二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする。
【0015】
請求項4は、請求項3の高温高圧処理装置において、第1の容器の内部に形成される高温高圧状態が水または二酸化炭素の超臨界状態であることを特徴とする。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は、本発明の高温高圧処理装置を、超臨界水を利用した廃棄物処理装置として構成した実施形態を示している。この廃棄物処理装置20は、超臨界水で処理すべき廃棄物Wを収容する容器内容器21と、この容器内容器21を収容する高圧容器22と、この高圧容器22を収容するオーブン23と、このオーブン23内を用いる流体物質(水)の臨界温度以上の温度条件に維持するコントローラ24とを有して構成されている。高圧容器22は水の臨界圧力および臨界温度に耐え得る材質で製作されており、タンク1内の水がポンプ2および、安全弁4と圧力解放バルブ5aを備えた導入管3を介して導入される。高圧容器22に導入された水は、同容器22内の高温高圧によって臨界状態とされて超臨界水となり、これにより容器内容器21に収容された廃棄物Wを処理し、有害物質を分解除去する。処理後の廃液は、冷却コイル6、圧力解放バルブ5bおよび圧力調整バルブ7を備えた排出管8を介して、廃液タンク9に排出される。
【0017】
以上の説明から理解されるように、この廃棄物処理装置20は、従来技術の構成例として図4に示す廃棄物処理装置10と概ね近似した構成を有しており、相違する点は、被処理廃棄物Wを直接高圧容器11(図4)に収容することに代えて、高圧容器22(図1)に収容した容器内容器21に収容したことにあり、且つ、この容器内容器21に後述のような構成を採用したことにある。かかる相違点に関連しない要素、たとえばタンク1、ポンプ2、導入管3、安全弁4、圧力解放バルブ5a,5b、冷却コイル6、圧力調整バルブ7、排出管8、廃液タンク9、コントローラ13(図4):24(図1)、ヒータージャケット14(図4):25(図1)、温度センサ15,16(図4):26,27(図1)等については、従来技術に関する図4の構成に用いたものと同様であるので、それらについての詳細な説明は割愛する。
【0018】
容器内容器21の構成例が図2および図3に示されている。容器内容器21は、内部に被処理物質のための収容空間28を有する容器本体29と、容器本体の開口を密封した状態を維持しながら該容器開口に沿って移動可能なプランジャ30とを備えている。容器本体29の上端部外周にはボルト31が形成されており、プランジャ30が挿通する開口32を有するナット33をボルト31に螺合されている。ナット開口32は容器本体29の被処理物質収容空間28と整列しており、略円柱体であるプランジャ30の外径と略同一の内径を有している。
【0019】
容器本体29およびナット33はいずれも使用温度条件に応じた耐熱性を有するとともに熱伝導性・耐食性に優れた材質で形成されることが好ましく、たとえば、80℃以下の温度条件ではフッ素樹脂、150℃以下の温度条件ではPEEK(ポリエーテル−エーテル−ケトン)、300℃以下の温度条件ではSUS316やチタン、500℃以下の温度条件ではニッケル合金やチタンが好適に用いられる。プランジャ30は耐摩耗性や滑動性(鏡面加工性)に優れた材料で形成され、たとえば各種セラミックやSUS316、チタン、サファイア、石英等が好適に用いられる。
【0020】
符号34a,34bは、プランジャ30と容器本体29/ナット33の間の密着性を増大させて容器内容器21を圧力平衡状態で使用させるためのフェラルであり、フッ素樹脂やカーボングラファイト製のものが好適に使用可能である。図2の構成では容器本体29の上端部の内周側を面取りしてフェラル34aを装着して、主としてプランジャ30と容器本体29との間の密着性を増大させており、図3の構成ではナット33の下端部の内周側を面取りしてフェラル34bを装着して、主としてプランジャ30とナット33との間の密着性を増大させている。これらの機能を兼ね備えるためにフェラル34a,34bを併用してもよいし、これらを一体化したフェラルを装着してもよい。
【0021】
以上のように構成された廃棄物処理装置20をバッチ式に使用する場合の用法を説明すると、まず、容器内容器21の容器本体29の収容空間28に処理すべき廃棄物(PCBやダイオキシン等の有機廃棄物を含む焼却灰等)と水を入れ、プランジャ30をこの収容空間28に装着した後、ナット33とフェラル34a,34bとで封止する。
【0022】
この容器内容器21を高圧容器22に入れ、高圧容器22の蓋(図示せず)をナット(図示せず)等で締め付けて所定の耐圧性を付与する。
【0023】
タンク1内の水をポンプ2で吸い上げ、導入管3を介して耐圧容器22内に送液し、さらに圧力調整バルブ7までの排出管8を水で満たした後、圧力調整バルブ7を作動して、系全体が水の臨界圧力以上の所要の圧力条件となるように調整する。
【0024】
ヒータージャケット25を駆動してオーブン23を加熱し、熱伝導により高圧容器22を加熱して、その内部が水の臨界温度以上の所定温度に加熱されたことを温度センサ27で検知し、該温度に維持する。
【0025】
このようにして高圧容器22内の圧力/温度が水の臨界圧力/温度以上に維持されると、圧力平衡状態を形成するように高圧容器22内の容器内容器21のプランジャ30が容器本体29の空間28およびナット33の開口に沿って移動するので空間28の内圧が外圧(高圧容器22内の圧力)と略同一になり、また、容器本体29およびナット33の材質の熱伝導性を介してその中の温度も外気温(高圧容器22内の温度)と略同一になる。したがって、容器内容器21に収容した水が超臨界状態となり、超臨界反応によって廃棄物中の有害有機物を酸化分解して無害化する。
【0026】
圧力調整バルブ7および温度センサ27に付設されたモニターを監視しながら高圧容器22内の温度および圧力が所定条件に一定時間維持されていることを確認した後、ポンプ2およびヒータージャケット25を停止し、自然空冷の後、容器内容器21を取り出す。容器内容器21に入れた廃棄物は、所定時間の超臨界反応を受けて有害有機物が酸化分解されているが、100%完全な無害化処理は現実には不可能であり、若干の有害有機物が残存している。しかしながら、この廃棄物処理装置によれば、タンク1内の水がポンプ2に吸い上げられて導入管3を経て高圧容器22内に導入されるものの、処理すべき廃棄物は容器内容器21に収容されているのでこれと直接接触することがないので、排出管8を経て廃液タンク9に収容される廃液は廃棄物によって汚染されていない。したがって、特別な後処理を必要とせずに、そのまま廃棄することができる。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、本発明によれば、第1の容器内に収容した第2の容器に被処理物質が収容されているので、第1の容器の内部を所定の高温高圧状態とするために用いられる流体物質が被処理物質と接触することがなく、汚染の懸念がない。したがって、特別な後処理を必要とせずに、そのまま廃棄することができ、安全性および処理効率に優れている。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の高温高圧処理装置を、超臨界水を利用した廃棄物処理装置として構成した実施形態を示す概略構成図である。
【図2】この廃棄物装置に用いる容器内容器の一例の上面図(a)および側断面図(b)である。
【図3】この廃棄物装置に用いる容器内容器の他例の上面図(a)および側断面図(b)である。
【図4】従来技術による超臨界水利用の廃棄物処理装置の概略構成図である。
【符号の説明】
1 タンク
2 ポンプ
3 導入管
4 安全弁
5a,5b 圧力解放バルブ
6 冷却コイル
7 圧力調整バルブ
8 排出管
9 廃液タンク
20 廃棄物処理装置
21 容器内容器
22 高圧容器
23 オーブン
24 コントローラ
25 ヒータージャケット
26,27 温度センサ
28 被処理物質収容空間
29 容器本体
30 プランジャ
31 ボルト
32 ナットの開口
33 ナット
34a,34b フェラル
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for processing a fluid substance to a high-temperature and high-pressure state, for example, to a high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus for bringing a fluid substance such as water or carbon dioxide to a supercritical state.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Recent research has revealed that the supercritical water reaction can be used effectively to decompose hard-to-decompose products (PCB, dioxin, etc.) for the purification of the global environment, and to decompose toxic substances that harm the human body. Some have started operation of semi-plants for practical use. Supercritical water refers to water in which the water is in a critical state at a critical temperature (374 ° C.) and a critical pressure (22.5 MPa) or higher, and there is no boundary between gas and liquid, forming a single phase. It has both the properties of a liquid that dissolves and the properties of a gas that has excellent diffusivity, and has an extremely high ability to oxidatively decompose organic substances.
[0003]
In addition, the use of supercritical carbon dioxide, whose carbon dioxide temperature has exceeded its critical temperature (31 ° C.) and critical pressure (7.3 MPa), as a medium, can be effectively used for separation treatment of toxic substances. Is promising. For example, a method of removing and recovering uranium from solid waste containing uranium oxide using supercritical carbon dioxide has been proposed.
[0004]
FIG. 4 shows an example of a conventional configuration of a waste disposal apparatus using a supercritical reaction. The waste treatment apparatus 10 includes a high-pressure container 11 containing waste W to be treated with a supercritical substance, an oven 12 containing the high-pressure container 11, and a temperature higher than a critical temperature of a fluid substance used in the oven 12. And a controller 13 for maintaining the temperature condition. The high-pressure vessel 11 is made of a material that can withstand the critical pressure and critical temperature of the fluid substance, and the fluid substance in the tank 1 is introduced through the pump 2 and the introduction pipe 3. It is necessary to use a pump capable of sending a fluid substance at a pressure equal to or higher than its critical pressure as the pump 2. Generally, a reciprocating pump is used when a liquid is contained in the tank 1, and a gas is used for a gas. Uses a syringe pump.
[0005]
The safety valve 4 provided in the introduction pipe 3 opens when the internal pressure of the container 12 rises abnormally due to a trouble such as clogging of the pipe, and releases the pressure to prevent an accident. The pressure release valves 5a and 5b (to be described later) are normally open, but by closing these valves, the fluid substance is sealed in the high-pressure vessel 11 and the internal pressure is adjusted by changing the ambient temperature. Can be. When the apparatus is operated in a flow system in which a fluid substance is constantly flowing, these pressure release valves 5a and 5b are unnecessary.
[0006]
Usually, an air oven is used as the oven 12, and the air inside is heated by a heater jacket 14 surrounding the oven 12, whereby the fluid substance in the high-pressure vessel 11 is heated above its critical temperature by heat conduction. The temperature inside the oven 12 is constantly detected by the temperature sensor 15, and the controller 13 receiving the result keeps the temperature inside the oven 12 within a predetermined range. As a result, the temperature in the high-pressure vessel 11 is heated to the critical temperature of the fluid substance or higher, and the internal pressure of the high-pressure vessel 11 is set to the desired pressure condition equal to or higher than the critical pressure of the fluid substance using the temperature as a parameter in the batch processing as described above. Can be adjusted. Further, a temperature sensor 16 for constantly detecting the temperature in the high-pressure vessel 11 may be provided, and the controller 13 may control the temperature in the oven 12 based on the result. Although the oven 12 is used as the heating means for the fluid substance in the configuration shown in the drawing, a configuration in which a cartridge heater is mounted on the body of the high-pressure vessel 11 to directly heat the fluid substance in the vessel is adopted instead. You can also.
[0007]
Since the temperature and pressure in the high-pressure vessel 11 are equal to or higher than the critical temperature and pressure of the fluid substance in this way, the waste W in the high-pressure vessel 11 is treated by a supercritical reaction. The waste liquid after the treatment is discharged to a waste liquid tank 9 through a discharge pipe 8 provided with a cooling coil 6, a pressure release valve 5b, and a pressure adjustment valve 7. The cooling coil 6 cools the waste liquid in the high-temperature state processed in the high-pressure vessel 11 to prevent the pressure release valve 5b and the pressure adjustment valve 7 from malfunctioning or the like. Instead of the simple air-cooled cooling coil 6, a water-cooled cooling device that circulates cooling water around the discharge pipe 8 may be used. The pressure release valve 5b is provided in the case of a batch type as described above for the pressure release valve 5a provided in the introduction pipe 3, and is always open, but adjusts the internal pressure of the high-pressure vessel 11 according to a temperature change. Closed when needed. The pressure adjustment valve 7 is a valve for maintaining a constant pressure from the outlet of the pump 2 to this point. The pressure adjustment valve 7 is manually operated while visually observing the pressure gauge to adjust the valve opening degree, and an internal pressure sensor is used. Any automatic type that automatically adjusts the valve to a predetermined opening degree can be used.
[0008]
An apparatus for treating a fluid substance in a high-temperature and high-pressure state is used not only as a waste treatment apparatus utilizing the above-described supercritical reaction, but also for various uses. For example, a survey of the global environment has shown that colonies such as shellfish and shrimp exist near the hydrothermal vent on the deep sea floor, and bacteria that feed on sulfur sulfide, which does not exist in the atmosphere, are found in the soil. In recent years, attempts have been made to reproduce the conditions near the hydrothermal vent in these ecological studies. In this study, however, an experimental device similar to the configuration shown in Fig. 4 was used. ing.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the waste treatment apparatus shown in FIG. 4, the waste W in the high-pressure vessel 11 is treated by a supercritical reaction to decompose and remove harmful substances, but it is practically impossible to completely decompose 100%. Although the concentration is low, the waste liquid containing a small amount of harmful substances passes through the discharge pipe 8, and a post-treatment is required to detoxify the waste liquid.
[0010]
In addition, even in the experimental apparatus for reproducing the above-described conditions near the hot water jet port, if seawater is caused to flow in the system, all the flow paths are contaminated with bacteria contained in the seawater. However, there is a possibility that bacteria in the previous seawater will remain and even lower the accuracy of the experiment.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Then, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problem in the prior art, and to provide a high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus having a novel configuration that can be used without contaminating a flow path in a system.
[0012]
In order to achieve this object, the present invention according to claim 1 includes a first container, heating and pressurizing means for setting the inside of the first container to a predetermined high-temperature and high-pressure state, and A second container accommodated therein, wherein the second container has a container main body having a storage space for a substance to be treated therein, and a container main body having an opening sealed therein while maintaining a closed state of the container main body opening. And a plunger movable along the container. The substance-containing space in the container main body is maintained at substantially the same temperature as the internal temperature of the first container by heat conduction, and the plunger moves along the container opening. A high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus characterized by maintaining the same pressure as the internal pressure of the first container.
[0013]
The present invention according to claim 2 provides a first container and a fluid material of a predetermined high-temperature and high-pressure state introduced into the first container to bring the inside of the first container into a predetermined high-temperature and high-pressure state. Introduction means, discharge means for discharging the fluid substance introduced into the first container by the introduction means, heat retaining means for maintaining the inside of the first container at a predetermined temperature, and a second means contained in the first container. A second container, wherein the second container is movable along the container opening while maintaining the container main body having an accommodation space for the substance to be treated therein and an opening of the container main body sealed The substance storage space in the container body is maintained at substantially the same temperature as the internal temperature of the first container by heat conduction, and the plunger moves along the container opening. It is noted that the internal pressure of the A high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus according to.
[0014]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus according to the second aspect, the fluid substance introduced into the first container by the introduction means is liquid or gaseous water or carbon dioxide.
[0015]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus according to the third aspect, the high-temperature and high-pressure state formed inside the first container is a supercritical state of water or carbon dioxide.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which the high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus of the present invention is configured as a waste processing apparatus using supercritical water. The waste treatment apparatus 20 includes a container inner container 21 containing waste W to be treated with supercritical water, a high-pressure container 22 containing the container inner container 21, and an oven 23 containing the high-pressure container 22. And a controller 24 for maintaining a temperature condition equal to or higher than the critical temperature of the fluid substance (water) used in the oven 23. The high-pressure vessel 22 is made of a material that can withstand the critical pressure and critical temperature of water, and the water in the tank 1 is introduced through the pump 2 and the introduction pipe 3 provided with the safety valve 4 and the pressure release valve 5a. . The water introduced into the high-pressure container 22 is brought into a critical state by the high temperature and high pressure in the container 22 to become supercritical water, thereby processing the waste W contained in the container inner container 21 to decompose and remove harmful substances. I do. The waste liquid after the treatment is discharged to a waste liquid tank 9 through a discharge pipe 8 provided with a cooling coil 6, a pressure release valve 5b, and a pressure adjustment valve 7.
[0017]
As understood from the above description, the waste treatment apparatus 20 has a configuration almost similar to the waste treatment apparatus 10 shown in FIG. Instead of directly storing the processing waste W in the high-pressure container 11 (FIG. 4), the processing waste W is stored in the container inner container 21 stored in the high-pressure container 22 (FIG. 1). This is because a configuration as described below is employed. Elements not related to such differences, for example, tank 1, pump 2, inlet pipe 3, safety valve 4, pressure release valves 5a, 5b, cooling coil 6, pressure regulating valve 7, discharge pipe 8, waste liquid tank 9, controller 13 (FIG. 4): 24 (FIG. 1), heater jacket 14 (FIG. 4): 25 (FIG. 1), temperature sensors 15, 16 (FIG. 4): 26, 27 (FIG. 1), etc. Since they are the same as those used for the configuration, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
[0018]
A configuration example of the container inner container 21 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The container inner container 21 includes a container main body 29 having a storage space 28 for a substance to be treated therein, and a plunger 30 movable along the container opening while keeping the opening of the container main body sealed. ing. A bolt 31 is formed on the outer periphery of the upper end of the container body 29, and a nut 33 having an opening 32 through which the plunger 30 is inserted is screwed to the bolt 31. The nut opening 32 is aligned with the substance storage space 28 of the container main body 29 and has an inner diameter that is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the plunger 30 that is a substantially cylindrical body.
[0019]
Both the container body 29 and the nut 33 are preferably formed of a material having heat resistance in accordance with the operating temperature conditions and having excellent heat conductivity and corrosion resistance. PEEK (polyether-ether-ketone) is preferably used at a temperature of not higher than 300C, SUS316 or titanium is preferably used at a temperature of 300C or lower, and a nickel alloy or titanium is preferably used at a temperature of 500C or lower. The plunger 30 is formed of a material having excellent wear resistance and sliding properties (mirror workability). For example, various ceramics, SUS316, titanium, sapphire, quartz and the like are preferably used.
[0020]
Numerals 34a and 34b are ferrules for increasing the adhesion between the plunger 30 and the container body 29 / nut 33 so that the container inner container 21 can be used in a pressure equilibrium state, and may be made of fluororesin or carbon graphite. It can be suitably used. In the configuration of FIG. 2, the inner peripheral side of the upper end portion of the container body 29 is chamfered and a ferrule 34 a is attached to increase the adhesion between the plunger 30 and the container body 29 mainly. A ferrule 34b is attached by chamfering the inner peripheral side of the lower end of the nut 33 to increase the adhesion between the plunger 30 and the nut 33 mainly. The ferrules 34a and 34b may be used in combination to have these functions, or a ferrule integrated with them may be mounted.
[0021]
A description will be given of the usage when the waste treatment apparatus 20 configured as described above is used in a batch manner. First, the waste (PCB, dioxin, etc.) to be treated is stored in the storage space 28 of the container body 29 of the container inner container 21. After the plunger 30 is mounted in the accommodation space 28, the plunger 30 is sealed with the nut 33 and the ferrules 34a and 34b.
[0022]
The container inner container 21 is placed in a high-pressure container 22 and a lid (not shown) of the high-pressure container 22 is tightened with a nut (not shown) or the like to give a predetermined pressure resistance.
[0023]
The water in the tank 1 is sucked up by the pump 2, sent to the pressure-resistant container 22 through the introduction pipe 3, and the discharge pipe 8 up to the pressure control valve 7 is filled with water, and then the pressure control valve 7 is operated. Thus, the pressure in the entire system is adjusted to a required pressure condition equal to or higher than the critical pressure of water.
[0024]
The oven 23 is heated by driving the heater jacket 25, and the high-pressure container 22 is heated by heat conduction. The temperature sensor 27 detects that the inside of the high-pressure container 22 is heated to a predetermined temperature equal to or higher than the critical temperature of water. To maintain.
[0025]
When the pressure / temperature in the high-pressure container 22 is maintained at or above the critical pressure / temperature of water in this way, the plunger 30 of the container inner container 21 in the high-pressure container 22 is set to a pressure equilibrium state. Moves along the openings of the space 28 and the nut 33, so that the internal pressure of the space 28 becomes substantially the same as the external pressure (the pressure in the high-pressure container 22), and through the heat conductivity of the material of the container body 29 and the nut 33. The temperature therein is also substantially the same as the outside air temperature (the temperature inside the high-pressure vessel 22). Therefore, the water contained in the container inner container 21 is brought into a supercritical state, and the harmful organic substances in the waste are oxidized and decomposed to be harmless by the supercritical reaction.
[0026]
After confirming that the temperature and pressure in the high-pressure vessel 22 are maintained under predetermined conditions for a certain period of time while monitoring the monitors attached to the pressure regulating valve 7 and the temperature sensor 27, the pump 2 and the heater jacket 25 are stopped. After natural air cooling, the container inner container 21 is taken out. The waste put in the container inner container 21 is subjected to a supercritical reaction for a predetermined time, and harmful organic substances are oxidatively decomposed. However, 100% complete detoxification treatment is actually impossible, and some harmful organic substances Remains. However, according to this waste treatment apparatus, although the water in the tank 1 is sucked up by the pump 2 and introduced into the high-pressure container 22 through the introduction pipe 3, the waste to be treated is stored in the container inner container 21. The waste liquid stored in the waste liquid tank 9 via the discharge pipe 8 is not contaminated by the waste since it is not in direct contact with the waste liquid. Therefore, it can be discarded without special post-treatment.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the substance to be treated is contained in the second container contained in the first container, the inside of the first container is brought into a predetermined high-temperature and high-pressure state. Therefore, the fluid substance used does not come into contact with the substance to be treated, and there is no concern about contamination. Therefore, it can be discarded without special post-treatment, and is excellent in safety and treatment efficiency.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment in which a high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus of the present invention is configured as a waste processing apparatus using supercritical water.
FIG. 2 is a top view (a) and a side sectional view (b) of an example of a container inner container used in this waste device.
FIG. 3 is a top view (a) and a side sectional view (b) of another example of the container inner container used in this waste device.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional waste treatment apparatus using supercritical water.
[Explanation of symbols]
Reference Signs List 1 tank 2 pump 3 introduction pipe 4 safety valve 5a, 5b pressure release valve 6 cooling coil 7 pressure adjustment valve 8 discharge pipe 9 waste liquid tank 20 waste treatment device 21 container inner container 22 high pressure container 23 oven 24 controller 25 heater jackets 26, 27 Temperature sensor 28 Substance to be treated storage space 29 Container main body 30 Plunger 31 Bolt 32 Nut opening 33 Nuts 34a, 34b Ferrule

Claims (4)

第1の容器と、第1の容器の内部を所定の高温高圧状態とするための加熱加圧手段と、第1の容器内に収容される第2の容器とを有し、第2の容器は、内部に被処理物質のための収容空間を有する容器本体と、容器本体の開口を密封した状態を維持しながら該容器開口に沿って移動可能なプランジャとからなり、容器本体内の被処理物質収容空間は、熱伝導により第1の容器の内部温度と略同一の温度に維持されるとともに、プランジャが容器開口に沿って移動することにより第1の容器の内圧と同一圧力に維持されることを特徴とする高温高圧処理装置。A second container having a first container, heating and pressurizing means for setting the inside of the first container to a predetermined high-temperature and high-pressure state, and a second container housed in the first container Comprises a container body having a storage space for the substance to be treated therein, and a plunger movable along the container opening while keeping the container body opening closed. The substance storage space is maintained at substantially the same temperature as the internal temperature of the first container by heat conduction, and is maintained at the same pressure as the internal pressure of the first container by moving the plunger along the container opening. A high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. 第1の容器と、第1の容器に所定の高温高圧状態の流体物質を導入して第1の容器の内部を所定の高温高圧状態とするための導入手段と、導入手段により第1の容器に導入された流体物質を排出する排出手段と、第1の容器の内部を所定温度に維持する保温手段と、第1の容器内に収容される第2の容器とを有し、第2の容器は、内部に被処理物質のための収容空間を有する容器本体と、容器本体の開口を密封した状態を維持しながら該容器開口に沿って移動可能なプランジャとからなり、容器本体内の被処理物質収容空間は、熱伝導により第1の容器の内部温度と略同一の温度に維持されるとともに、プランジャが容器開口に沿って移動することにより第1の容器の内圧と同一圧力に維持されることを特徴とする高温高圧処理装置。A first container, introducing means for introducing a fluid substance in a predetermined high-temperature and high-pressure state into the first container to bring the inside of the first container into a predetermined high-temperature and high-pressure state, and the first container by the introducing means Discharging means for discharging the fluid substance introduced into the first container, heat retaining means for maintaining the inside of the first container at a predetermined temperature, and a second container accommodated in the first container, The container includes a container body having an accommodation space for the substance to be treated therein, and a plunger movable along the container opening while keeping the opening of the container body sealed. The processing substance storage space is maintained at substantially the same temperature as the internal temperature of the first container by heat conduction, and is maintained at the same pressure as the internal pressure of the first container by moving the plunger along the container opening. A high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus, characterized in that: 導入手段により第1の容器に導入される流体物質が液体または気体の水または二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする請求項2の高温高圧処理装置。3. The high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the fluid substance introduced into the first container by the introduction means is liquid or gaseous water or carbon dioxide. 第1の容器の内部に形成される高温高圧状態が水または二酸化炭素の超臨界状態であることを特徴とする請求項3の高温高圧処理装置。The high-temperature and high-pressure processing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the high-temperature and high-pressure state formed inside the first container is a supercritical state of water or carbon dioxide.
JP2002229105A 2002-08-06 2002-08-06 High temperature high pressure treatment device Pending JP2004066108A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005342553A (en) * 2004-05-31 2005-12-15 Japan Organo Co Ltd Pressure-balanced reaction apparatus and its operation method
US7368015B2 (en) 2002-03-27 2008-05-06 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Apparatus for producing single crystal and quasi-single crystal, and associated method
US7625446B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2009-12-01 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. High temperature high pressure capsule for processing materials in supercritical fluids
US7704324B2 (en) 2005-01-25 2010-04-27 General Electric Company Apparatus for processing materials in supercritical fluids and methods thereof
US7942970B2 (en) 2005-12-20 2011-05-17 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Apparatus for making crystalline composition
CN105597627A (en) * 2016-03-28 2016-05-25 北京缔森科技发展有限公司 Electric lifting assembly and high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle comprising same

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7625446B2 (en) 2002-01-31 2009-12-01 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. High temperature high pressure capsule for processing materials in supercritical fluids
US7368015B2 (en) 2002-03-27 2008-05-06 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Apparatus for producing single crystal and quasi-single crystal, and associated method
JP2005342553A (en) * 2004-05-31 2005-12-15 Japan Organo Co Ltd Pressure-balanced reaction apparatus and its operation method
US7704324B2 (en) 2005-01-25 2010-04-27 General Electric Company Apparatus for processing materials in supercritical fluids and methods thereof
US7942970B2 (en) 2005-12-20 2011-05-17 Momentive Performance Materials Inc. Apparatus for making crystalline composition
CN105597627A (en) * 2016-03-28 2016-05-25 北京缔森科技发展有限公司 Electric lifting assembly and high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle comprising same
CN105597627B (en) * 2016-03-28 2018-06-12 北京缔森科技发展有限公司 A kind of electric up-down component and the high-temperature high-pressure reaction kettle including the component

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