JP2004065448A - Method for disposal of medical waste - Google Patents

Method for disposal of medical waste Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004065448A
JP2004065448A JP2002227437A JP2002227437A JP2004065448A JP 2004065448 A JP2004065448 A JP 2004065448A JP 2002227437 A JP2002227437 A JP 2002227437A JP 2002227437 A JP2002227437 A JP 2002227437A JP 2004065448 A JP2004065448 A JP 2004065448A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
waste
medical waste
disposal
container
sterilization
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Pending
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JP2002227437A
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Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Atsuhiro Ishida
石田 宏洋
Naoto Yatsuda
八ツ田 直人
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Tokyo Gas Engineering Co Ltd
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Tokyo Gas Engineering Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2002227437A priority Critical patent/JP2004065448A/en
Publication of JP2004065448A publication Critical patent/JP2004065448A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for disposal of infectious medical waste which has high safety and enables primary disposal of the waste at a place where it is brought about. <P>SOLUTION: The waste 2 is collected in an exclusive container 1 and subjected to heating sterilization by an autoclave 3, as it is held in the exclusive container 1. The medical waste subjected to the heating sterilization is solidified by using a compression molder 4 and then put in a storing container 6. Thereby the primary disposal is finished. The waste is then carried to secondary disposal facilities, as it is held in the storing container 6. According to this solution, the waste is not touched at all by an operator and thus the safety is ensured. Besides, storing and handling properties are improved by the solidification. Since there is no possibility of contamination of equipment, the danger of secondary infection due to the impairment on the occasion of maintenance or checkup of the equipment, or the like, is also eliminated. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、医療機関あるいは各種研究施設等から廃棄される特別管理産業廃棄物であって、感染等の危険のある医療廃棄物を、病院等の発生源、又はこの近傍において一次的に滅菌処理を行うことにより、その後に取り扱う業者等が不用意に接触して怪我をしたり、二次感染するのを防止し、併せて、医療廃棄物の保管あるいは移送時の取扱い性の向上を図るための医療廃棄物の処理方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
医療廃棄物、特に感染性医療廃棄物は、特別管理産業廃棄物として厳格な管理及び処分を行うことが義務付けられている。
このような医療廃棄物は、外部の専門会社に処分を委託するか、あるいは、大量に発生する場合には、焼却炉で焼却処分を行うことが一般的に行われてきた。しかしながら、焼却炉処分の場合には、ダイオキシンの排出規制が厳しくなったため、この対策として、燃焼状態の管理を行いながら、高温度で焼却処分する方法が提案されている。しかし、この高温焼却を行う場合には、更に、排ガス処理対策が必要になると共に、発生する焼却灰の処分対策が不可欠となり、従来の炉では対応できない例が多い。また、焼却炉の改造あるいは新設を行う場合には、非常に高額な投資が必要となることから、小規模な施設においては、高温焼却炉を設置することが困難であったり、使用しないケースが増えている。そこで、この代案として、病院内とか医療施設のような発生源において、一次的に滅菌処理を行った医療廃棄物については、その後の過程では特別管理廃棄物と看做さないと云う法改正が行われたことから、この一時的な滅菌処理を採用・検討を行う病院とか医療施設等が増加している。しかし、このようにして施設内で医療廃棄物を一次的に処理しても、最終処分に至る過程において例えば注射針で怪我をしたり、血液に触れたりして作業者が二次感染したりする危険がある。
【0003】
現在行われている医療廃棄物の滅菌方法としては、以下の方法が一般的に知られている。
・加熱滅菌法
・ガス滅菌法
・照射滅菌法
・薬液滅菌法
これらの方法のうちで、ガス法や照射滅菌法は、設備が大型で高額であることから、生産設備で使用されることが多い。又、薬液滅菌法は、薬液特性とともに吸着等の特性により処理時間や手段が異なることがあるため、病院等で使用する方法としては一般的ではない。
【0004】
このような観点から、比較的設備しやすい加熱滅菌法が注目されている。この加熱滅菌法の一例が特開2000−271179号公報に掲示されている。この方法は、病院等から排出される感染性医療廃棄物等を高圧蒸気により加熱滅菌し、かつ減容化を行う滅菌方法である。そして、この方法を実施するための装置は、オートクレーブと称されるもので、このオートクレーブは、感染性医療廃棄物を破砕するための破砕機内に消毒滅菌のための薬液を噴霧する装置を備え、且つ、破砕された廃棄物を高圧蒸気により滅菌する構成となっている。
【0005】
しかしながら、この滅菌方法(装置)では、まず破砕を行うため、この破砕時に薬液を噴霧するとはいえ、廃棄物中に含まれる血液等の飛散、薬液の蒸散、粉塵等による二次感染が心配される。このため、装置は、病院や研究者の居る室内から隔離する必要がある。また、作業員が破砕機の保守や点検を行う際に、破砕刃や未処理廃棄物により怪我を負ったり、二次感染したりする危険もある。
故に、ここに示した特開2000−271179号公報に掲載の滅菌処理方法は、安全性の面において問題が多い。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、かかる点に鑑みて提供されるものであって、その目的は、医療廃棄物の処理方法において、廃棄物の発生源、又はこの近傍において、処理業者が引き取るまでの間、先ず発生源又はこの近傍において一次的に滅菌処理を行ってこれを安全に保管し、処理業者が二次又は最終処分する施設まで運搬する際の安全性を確実に確保すると共に、保管、運搬、処理時における取扱い性を向上させ、更に、滅菌装置や圧縮成形機のメンテナンス時における安全性を確保することである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、請求項1に記載の発明においては、医療廃棄物の処理方法において、医療廃棄物を滅菌処理を行ったのち、これを発生源又はこの近傍において圧縮して固形化することにより、保管、あるいは移動、あるいは取り扱いを安全、かつ容易にすることを特徴とする。
【0008】
更に、請求項2に記載の発明においては、請求項1において、固形化した医療廃棄物を袋又はケース等の保管容器に収納して保管、又は移動、又は取り扱いに供することを特徴とするものである。
【0009】
更に、請求項3に記載の発明においては、請求項1において、医療廃棄物の圧縮手段として、油圧式圧縮成形機を用いることを特徴とするものである。
【0010】
更に、請求項4に記載の発明においては、請求項1において、滅菌処理には加熱滅菌装置が用いられることを特徴とするものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において対象となる医療廃棄物は、特別管理産業廃棄物として、厳格な管理と処分が義務付けられている廃棄物である。
これらの廃棄物は、先ず発生場所から専用容器でそのまま回収したのち、例えば施設内又はこの近傍に設けられた一次処理施設に運び、この一次処理施設に設備されたオートクレーブ等で専用容器ごと滅菌する。
オートクレーブ等で滅菌した廃棄物は、次に専用容器から油圧、あるいは機械式の圧縮成形機に投入し、圧縮作用により一定の大きさ、形に固形化する。
【0012】
固形化した廃棄物は、専用の保管袋又は容器で包装し、一旦一次処理施設内に保管する。
処理業者は、この保管袋又は容器ごと廃棄物を受けとり、トラック等に積み込んで二次処理施設まで運び、ここで二次処理(最終処理)を行う。
この一連の作業において、作業者は、廃棄物に直接触れることがないため、安全が確保されている。また、廃棄物は、固形化により減容化されるため、保管や運搬等において作業性が向上する。また、滅菌は、専用容器ごと行うため、オートクレーブ等の滅菌装置を汚染する心配がなく、これら装置のメンテナンス等において作業者の安全性が守られる。このことは、圧縮成形機においても同様である。
【0013】
【実施例】
本実施例は、請求項1〜4に対応するもので、その詳細を図1のフローに基づいて説明する。
専用容器1で回収された廃棄物2は、コンベア7で専用容器1ごとオートクレーブ3内に送入され、ここで高圧蒸気で専用容器1ごと加熱滅菌が行われる。オートクレーブ3には、ボイラー(図示せず)で発生した蒸気が蒸気ライン3aから導入され、排気は、無菌フィルター3b、真空ポンプ3cを介して排気ライン3dから大気中に排出される。
【0014】
オートクレーブ3で加熱滅菌された後、廃棄物2は、コンベア7で油圧式の圧縮成形機4のところに運ばれて、この圧縮成形機4内に専用容器3内から投入される。圧縮成形機4は、投入された廃棄物2を圧縮して一定の形、例えば6面体の固形物5に成形する。この圧縮により、廃棄物2中の注射器や針は固着するので、固形物5からの飛び出しはなくなる。このようにして成形された固形物5は、袋もしくは容器等で包装し、保管される。以上が、病院等の発生施設内で行われる一次処理であり、特別管理廃棄物に該当しない廃棄物である。
【0015】
その後、二次処理を行う場合には、処理業者は、固形化され、包装された廃棄物を受けとり、二次処理施設まで運搬し、二次処理を行う。
なお、上記実施例の場合、発生した廃棄物2は、熱収縮性プラスチックフィルム製の袋内に容れて専用容器1内に収容されているが、オートクレープ3内に送入する際は、真空吸引及び蒸気や高温ガス等の浸透が可能なように、袋の口は開口される。但し、この袋は必ずしも必要でなく、専用容器1に直接廃棄物2を回収しても良い。
また、本実施例においては、滅菌のためにオートクレーブ3を用いているが、このような加熱滅菌法ではなく、状況に応じて、過酸化水素等を用いた化学的な滅菌法を用いるようにしても良い。
【0016】
【発明の効果】
本発明は以上のように、感染性医療廃棄物の処理過程の中で、滅菌処理が行われない状態での廃棄物への接触の機会が通常ではなく、また、滅菌処理した廃棄物を圧縮・固形化することにより、滅菌後でも傷害等の危険率を著しく軽減させるとともに、保管・移送等の取扱い性を向上させることが可能となる。
また、機器の保守や点検の際の傷害等による二次感染の危険性もなくなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る医療廃棄物の処理フローの説明図。
【符号の説明】
1 専用容器
1a 蓋
2 廃棄物
3 オートクレーブ
3a 蒸気ライン
3b 無菌フィルター
3c 真空ポンプ
3d 排気ライン
4 油圧式圧縮成形機
5 固形物
6 保管容器
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a specially controlled industrial waste that is disposed of by a medical institution or various research facilities and the like. To prevent injuries and secondary infections caused by careless contact by subsequent operators, and to improve the handling of medical waste during storage or transfer. Medical waste disposal method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Medical waste, especially infectious medical waste, is required to be strictly managed and disposed of as specially managed industrial waste.
It has been common practice to outsource such medical waste to an external specialized company, or to dispose of it in an incinerator when it is generated in large quantities. However, in the case of incinerator disposal, the regulation of dioxin emission has become strict. As a countermeasure, a method of incineration at a high temperature while managing the combustion state has been proposed. However, in the case of performing high-temperature incineration, measures must be taken to further treat exhaust gas, and measures to dispose of the generated incineration ash are indispensable. In addition, when remodeling or newly constructing an incinerator, a very high investment is required.Therefore, in small-scale facilities, it is difficult to install a high-temperature incinerator or it may not be used. is increasing. Therefore, as an alternative, a law amendment that medical waste that has been primarily sterilized at a source such as in a hospital or medical facility is not considered as specially controlled waste in the subsequent process. As a result, the number of hospitals and medical facilities that adopt and study this temporary sterilization process is increasing. However, even if medical waste is temporarily treated in the facility in this way, workers may be secondary infected by injury, such as with a syringe needle, or contact with blood in the process leading to final disposal. There is a danger of doing.
[0003]
The following methods are generally known as sterilization methods of medical waste currently being performed.
Heat sterilization method, gas sterilization method, irradiation sterilization method, chemical liquid sterilization method Of these methods, the gas method and irradiation sterilization method are often used in production equipment because the equipment is large and expensive. . In addition, the chemical solution sterilization method is not generally used as a method used in hospitals and the like, because the processing time and means may vary depending on characteristics such as adsorption as well as chemical solution characteristics.
[0004]
From such a viewpoint, a heat sterilization method that is relatively easy to install has attracted attention. An example of this heat sterilization method is disclosed in JP-A-2000-271179. This method is a sterilization method in which infectious medical waste and the like discharged from a hospital or the like is heated and sterilized by high-pressure steam and the volume is reduced. An apparatus for performing this method is called an autoclave, and the autoclave includes a device for spraying a chemical solution for disinfection and sterilization in a crusher for crushing infectious medical waste, The crushed waste is sterilized by high-pressure steam.
[0005]
However, in this sterilization method (apparatus), since the crushing is performed first, the chemical solution is sprayed at the time of the crushing, but there is a concern about scattering of blood and the like contained in the waste, evaporation of the chemical solution, and secondary infection due to dust and the like. You. For this reason, the device must be isolated from the hospital or the room where the researchers are located. In addition, there is a danger of injury or secondary infection caused by crushing blades and untreated waste when workers perform maintenance and inspection of the crusher.
Therefore, the sterilization method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-271179 has many problems in terms of safety.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method of treating medical waste, in which a waste is first generated at or near the source of waste until the waste is collected by a disposal company. Perform primary sterilization at or near the source and store it safely to ensure the safety of the processor when transporting it to the secondary or final disposal facility, as well as during storage, transportation and processing. The object of the present invention is to improve the ease of handling at the time of production, and to further ensure the safety during maintenance of the sterilizer and the compression molding machine.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, in the invention according to claim 1, in the method for treating medical waste, after sterilizing the medical waste, the medical waste is compressed and solidified at the source or in the vicinity thereof. In this way, storage, movement, or handling is safe and easy.
[0008]
Furthermore, in the invention described in claim 2, in claim 1, the solidified medical waste is stored in a storage container such as a bag or a case and stored, moved, or handled. It is.
[0009]
Further, the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in claim 1, a hydraulic compression molding machine is used as a means for compressing medical waste.
[0010]
Further, the invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in claim 1, a heat sterilizer is used for sterilization.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The medical waste targeted in the present invention is a waste that must be strictly managed and disposed of as specially managed industrial waste.
These wastes are first collected as they are from the place where they are generated in a dedicated container, and then carried to, for example, a primary treatment facility provided in or near the facility, and the entire container is sterilized in an autoclave or the like provided in the primary treatment facility. .
The waste sterilized by an autoclave or the like is then put into a hydraulic or mechanical compression molding machine from a dedicated container and solidified to a certain size and shape by a compression action.
[0012]
The solidified waste is packaged in a special storage bag or container and temporarily stored in the primary treatment facility.
The processing company receives the waste together with the storage bag or the container, loads the waste on a truck or the like, transports it to the secondary processing facility, and performs secondary processing (final processing).
In this series of operations, the worker is not directly in contact with the waste, thus ensuring safety. Further, since the volume of the waste is reduced by solidification, workability in storage and transportation is improved. In addition, since sterilization is performed for each dedicated container, there is no risk of contaminating a sterilization device such as an autoclave, and the safety of workers is maintained in maintenance of these devices. This is the same in a compression molding machine.
[0013]
【Example】
This embodiment corresponds to claims 1 to 4, and details thereof will be described based on the flow of FIG.
The waste 2 collected in the dedicated container 1 is sent into the autoclave 3 together with the dedicated container 1 by the conveyor 7, where the whole of the dedicated container 1 is heat-sterilized with high-pressure steam. Steam generated in a boiler (not shown) is introduced into the autoclave 3 from a steam line 3a, and exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere from an exhaust line 3d via a sterile filter 3b and a vacuum pump 3c.
[0014]
After being heat-sterilized in the autoclave 3, the waste 2 is conveyed to the hydraulic compression molding machine 4 by the conveyor 7 and is charged into the compression molding machine 4 from the dedicated container 3. The compression molding machine 4 compresses the input waste 2 and forms it into a fixed shape, for example, a hexahedral solid 5. By this compression, the syringe and the needle in the waste 2 are fixed, so that the syringe 5 and the needle in the waste 2 do not protrude from the solid 5. The solid 5 thus formed is packed and stored in a bag or a container. The above is the primary treatment performed in a generating facility such as a hospital, and the waste that does not fall under special management waste.
[0015]
Thereafter, when performing the secondary treatment, the treatment company receives the solidified and packaged waste, transports it to the secondary treatment facility, and performs the secondary treatment.
In the case of the above embodiment, the generated waste 2 is housed in a special container 1 in a bag made of a heat-shrinkable plastic film. The mouth of the bag is opened so that it can be sucked and permeated by steam or hot gas. However, this bag is not always necessary, and the waste 2 may be directly collected in the dedicated container 1.
In this embodiment, the autoclave 3 is used for sterilization, but instead of such a heat sterilization method, a chemical sterilization method using hydrogen peroxide or the like may be used depending on the situation. May be.
[0016]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the process of treating infectious medical waste, the present invention has an unusual opportunity to contact waste without sterilization, and compresses sterilized waste. -By solidifying, it is possible to remarkably reduce the risk of injury and the like even after sterilization, and to improve the ease of handling such as storage and transfer.
Also, there is no danger of secondary infection due to injury or the like during maintenance or inspection of the equipment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a medical waste treatment flow according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Dedicated container 1a Lid 2 Waste 3 Autoclave 3a Steam line 3b Aseptic filter 3c Vacuum pump 3d Exhaust line 4 Hydraulic compression molding machine 5 Solid 6 Storage container

Claims (4)

医療廃棄物を滅菌処理を行ったのち、これを発生源又はこの近傍において圧縮して固形化することにより、保管、あるいは移動、あるいは取り扱いを安全、かつ容易にする医療廃棄物の処理方法。A method for treating medical waste, in which storage, movement, or handling is performed safely and easily by compressing and solidifying the medical waste at or near the generation source after sterilizing the medical waste. 請求項1において、固形化した医療廃棄物を袋、又はケース等の保管容器に収納して保管、又は移動、又は取り扱いに供することを特徴とする医療廃棄物の処理方法。2. The method for treating medical waste according to claim 1, wherein the solidified medical waste is stored in a storage container such as a bag or a case and stored, moved, or handled. 請求項1において、医療廃棄物の圧縮手段として、油圧式圧縮成形機を用いることを特徴とする医療廃棄物の処理方法。2. The medical waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein a hydraulic compression molding machine is used as the medical waste compression means. 請求項1において、滅菌処理には加熱滅菌装置が用いられることを特徴とする医療廃棄物の処理方法。2. The method for treating medical waste according to claim 1, wherein a heat sterilizer is used for the sterilization.
JP2002227437A 2002-08-05 2002-08-05 Method for disposal of medical waste Pending JP2004065448A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008528270A (en) * 2005-01-31 2008-07-31 メディカル・ウェイスト・ソルーションズ・リミテッド Waste recycling method
JP2011036354A (en) * 2009-08-10 2011-02-24 Fine Pro Corp Treatment method of medical waste

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008528270A (en) * 2005-01-31 2008-07-31 メディカル・ウェイスト・ソルーションズ・リミテッド Waste recycling method
JP2011036354A (en) * 2009-08-10 2011-02-24 Fine Pro Corp Treatment method of medical waste

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