JP2004065230A - Method for destroying cell wall - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enhance digestive efficiency for organisms by crushing cells to destroy cell walls and helping digestion of the organisms. <P>SOLUTION: A treatment for crushing cells to destroy cell walls of cell-containing food, feed and the like is carried out by using a vibration mill. As a powdery medium in the vibration mill, ceramics such asalumina, zirconia or the like can be used, but usually steel (carbon steel) balls, especially stainless steel balls having 1-20 mm (preferably 2-10 mm) particle size (diameter) and ≥3 specific gravity are preferably used. By the method, the cell walls (protective membranes) are surely destroyed, and as for steel balls, high gravity and high hardness balls can be applied; thereby higher crushing performance can be expected. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
【Technical field】
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, cell walls are destroyed by crushing cells, and the digestion efficiency in living organisms can be increased by assisting digestion in living organisms.
[0002]
Here, description will be made mainly on an example of the destruction of cell walls of cells in food and feed, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the present invention can be applied to microorganisms and the like generated in the microbial industry (fermentation factory: bread and brewing industry).
[0003]
[Background Art]
Conventionally, there is no technique for performing cell wall using a vibrating mill to increase digestion efficiency. The technology for breaking down the cell wall of the cells in the sludge to make it easier for bacteria to eat is as described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-17338. Mainly cells in waste slurry.
[0004]
As used herein, the term “cell wall” refers to a structure having a thickness of several μm that surrounds the outside of a plant cell or a microbial cell, and is distinguished from a cell membrane inside the plant cell. However, it is not found in flagellates, sperm, zoospores, and slime mold variants. "(Iwanami Physical and Chemical Dictionary 5th Edition (1998) Iwanami Shoten p.491).
[0005]
According to the present invention, foods and feeds containing cells are eaten by humans or living creatures, but the cell walls are hard and are hardly digested. It is therefore an object to provide a new and useful unprecedented digestion.
[0006]
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
The present invention solves the above problems by the following configurations.
[0007]
In foods and feeds containing cells, as a method for further improving digestion efficiency, cell destruction treatment is performed using a vibration mill.
[0008]
In the above, a ball having a particle diameter (diameter) of 1 to 20 mm (preferably 2 to 10 mm) and a specific gravity of 3 or more (preferably 7 or more) is usually used as a pulverizing medium as a powder medium in the vibration mill. Is desirable. By satisfying these requirements, the cell wall (protective film) of the microorganism can be reliably crushed. Further, steel having high specific gravity and high hardness can be selected, and higher crushing ability can be expected.
[0009]
It is desirable to use a continuous type as the vibrating mill because the cell wall can be continuously and efficiently destroyed.
[0010]
In the case of wet pulverization, setting the operating conditions of the vibration mill to an amplitude of 5 to 40 mm and a frequency of 10 to 30 Hz can enhance the cell destruction efficiency.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described by taking as an example a case where the present invention is applied to a cell wall destruction treatment.
[0011]
Here, the cell walls of food and feed containing cells are defined as living cells contained in bacteria (bacteria), algae, fungi, protozoa (ciliates, etc.), and other animals (from microscopic to macroscopic). This is the concept of the cell wall of a cell.
[0012]
A vibrating mill is used as a cell wall breaking device. Here, the vibrating mill refers to "a ball (or rod or peb) is placed in a cylindrical or trough-shaped container, and this is vibrated by applying an eccentric action from the outside on a spring, and the fine vibration of the ball or the like is performed. "Pulverizer that advances pulverization by behavior"("Revised 4th Edition Chemical Engineering Handbook" (Showa 53-10-25) Maruzen p. 1288).
[0013]
As the vibration mill, a circular vibration type is usually used, but a spiral oscillating vibration type may be used. The vibrating mill is different from a rotary ball mill (the same applies to a stirring ball mill), and its crushing power is as large as 6 to 30 G when the rotary ball mill is 1 G (gravitational acceleration), and the crushing power is 10 to 20 times. Also reach.
[0014]
Specifically, vibration mills manufactured and sold by Chuo Kakoki Co., Ltd. in each series of "CD type", "MB type", "FV type", and "FVR type" can be suitably used. In principle, these vibration mills have a mechanical vibration system and a pair of left and right vibration sources, or a shaft center arrangement system. However, the vibration source one side arrangement type and the vibration system are also optional such as an electromagnet system and a vibration motor system. . Among these, a continuous type mechanical vibration method is desirable from the viewpoint of processing productivity (processing capacity and efficiency). In particular, a "CD-type vibration mill" as shown in FIG. 2 is preferably a two-cylinder drive type continuous type, but depending on the destruction condition, it is more preferable to perform the two-cylinder drive with one cylinder. In addition, a batch system is often used instead of a continuous system. This is because the processing capacity is large, the pulverization is easy, and the pulverizing medium (ball) and the object to be destroyed are easily separated through the slits arranged at the discharge ports 25A and 25B of each pulverizing cylinder 24 continuously. is there.
[0015]
In the "CD type vibration mill", two pulverizing cylinders 24 are vertically and detachably mounted on a mount 18 via a support (support plate) 22 supported at four points by compression coil springs (springs) 20. Have been. Four eccentric vibration sources (balance weights) 26 that are bent by a motor (not shown) and driven through joints (two rigid shafts are directly connected to the rigid shaft) are arranged on the cradle 22 in correspondence with the spring 20 support portions. Have been. Reference numerals 28 and 30 denote a destruction target connection port tube and a destruction target discharge port connection tube, respectively. In the above, instead of the compression coil spring (spring 20), an air spring or a coil spring covered with rubber can be used.
[0016]
The grinding medium used is a ball diameter (diameter): 1 to 20 mm, a specific gravity: 3 or more, preferably a diameter: 1.5 to 15 mm, a specific gravity: 5 or more, more preferably a diameter: 2 to 10 mm, and a specific gravity: 7 Above. If the particle size and specific gravity are too small, it becomes difficult to perform impact / friction pulverization by vibration (it is difficult to obtain G necessary for pulverizing the cell wall: see FIG. 1), and if the particle size is too large, several μm to several tens μm. Of microorganisms is reduced. It is desirable that the specific gravity be large from the viewpoint of the impact force, but if it is too large, a high output is required as the breaking power, so that the specific gravity is usually 15 or less.
[0017]
However, in the present invention, common sense in a wet stirring type mill described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2001-17338 is broken. In other words, the present inventors have found that the cell wall can be destroyed even with the above-mentioned microorganism having a size of several μm to several tens of μm by using a vibration mill, and reached the present invention.
[0018]
The pulverizing medium (ball) satisfying the above requirements may be made of ceramics such as alumina and zirconia, but usually is preferably made of steel (carbon steel), particularly stainless steel. Optimum specific gravity and hardness can be used, and in the case of stainless steel, it has corrosion resistance and is advantageous in maintenance. The specific gravity (density: g · cm ⁻³ ) of each pulverization medium forming material is alumina (aluminum oxide): 4.0, zirconia (zirconium oxide (IV)): 5.49, and iron: 7.874. (Oki et al., “Chemical Dictionary” (1994) Tokyo Chemical Dojin).
[0019]
Next, the operating condition of cell wall destruction using the above-mentioned vibration mill is not limited to the wet type, and it is possible to destroy the cell type in a dry state in a dry state. And
[0020]
The slurry concentration (dry solid content: mass%) of the object to be broken into the vibrating mill is not particularly limited, but is usually 3% or more. If it is too thin, the crushing efficiency will decrease. The higher the slurry concentration of the object to be destroyed, the more advantageous from the viewpoint of the destruction efficiency.
[0021]
The residence time of the object to be destroyed varies depending on the concentration, type, excitation energy, and the like, but is usually 10 seconds or more. If the residence time is too short, it is difficult to obtain a crushed state in which the cell wall can sufficiently contribute to a marked improvement in the biodegradation and digestibility, and it is difficult to expect a marked improvement in the biodegradation rate (digestion rate). The residence time is desirably as short as possible from the viewpoint of processing efficiency, if the above-mentioned crushing state can be achieved.
[0022]
At this time, the amplitude a and the frequency ν of the vibrating mill are appropriately selected according to the impact / frictional force required in the range of a = 5 to 40 mm and ν = 10 to 30 Hz. The impact G increases in proportion to the amplitude and in proportion to the square of the frequency, but the load on the motor and other joints increases, making the design difficult.
[0023]
In the above description, the slit gap for separating each grinding medium from the object to be destroyed has a ball diameter of D- (0.2 to 2) mm, preferably D- (0.5 to 1) mm. If the slit gap is too small or too large compared to the ball diameter, the separation efficiency will decrease. That is, if the ball diameter is close to the slit gap, variations in the ball diameter cannot be absorbed, and the ball may fall from the slit. Conversely, if the slit gap is too narrow compared to the ball diameter, the ball is relatively damaged. This is because the efficiency of discharging the material is reduced.
[0024]
[Action and Effect of the Invention]
As in the present invention, when the object to be destroyed is put into a vibrating mill and destroyed, and then subjected to biodegradation treatment (biochemical treatment), as shown in FIG. It is easily digested, and its digestibility is significantly improved. In particular, in the case of a vibration mill, not only the frictional force but also the crushing of the cell wall as in the wet medium stirring type mill, the frictional force and the impact force also contribute to the destruction of the cell wall, so that more efficient destruction can be expected.
[0025]
Also, the separation of the object to be destroyed and the pulverizing medium (ball) can be performed using a ball having a large diameter, and the slit gap at the outlet can be relatively large. Separation efficiency, especially processing efficiency in continuous operation, can be increased as compared with the case where is used.
[0026]
Since it is possible to use a grinding medium having a large ball diameter, it is possible to obtain an impact capable of crushing the cell wall even with a relatively small specific gravity, and to cope with a variety of input destruction objects, and to perform a pulverization mode (pulverization medium). ) Can be diversified.
[0027]
[Test example]
Hereinafter, test examples performed to confirm the effects of the present invention will be described.
[0028]
As a test machine, a test machine of "vibration mill EX-20 type" manufactured by Chuo Kakoki Co., Ltd. having the following specifications was used.
[0029]
Crushing cylinder: 200φ × 400L (one cylinder, with cooling jacket, made of stainless steel, total content about 12L)
Electric motor: 2.2kW x 6p x 2 units Grinding media and filling amount: stainless steel 5mmφ, 45kg
Vibration mill amplitude / frequency: ν = about 30 mm, ν = 16 Hz
Feed slurry (slurry concentration: 7 to 8%) was continuously charged into the vibrating mill having the above specifications under the conditions of a sludge supply rate of 4 L / h and a residence time of 3 min as a stock solution to perform a destruction treatment of the slurry.
[0030]
As a result, it was found that the absorption (digestion) rate was significantly improved by the disrupted cell wall as compared with the case where the disruption treatment was not performed.
[0031]
[Possibility of industrial use]
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention has great potential for wet destruction of food that has been assisted in digestion and absorption by the action of microorganisms on "food" by humans.
[0032]
Further, if necessary, dry food may be subjected to dry destruction treatment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a model diagram in which a cell wall is broken by a vibration mill of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view showing an example of a vibration mill applied to a pulverizing process in the destructive processing method of the present invention.

Claims (7)

A method for breaking a cell wall, comprising breaking a cell wall of food and feed containing cells with a vibration mill. The method according to claim 1, wherein a ball having a diameter of 1 to 20 mm and a specific gravity of 3 or more is used as a grinding medium in the vibration mill. The method according to claim 2, wherein a ball having a diameter of 2 to 10 mm and a specific gravity of 7 or more is used as a grinding medium in the vibration mill. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a continuous type is used as the vibrating mill. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein a batch type is used as the vibration mill. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein operating conditions in the wet milling of the vibration mill are an amplitude of 5 to 40 mm and a frequency of 10 to 30 Hz. The operating conditions in the dry milling of the vibration mill are an amplitude of 5 to 40 mm and a frequency of 10 to 30 Hz. The method for destroying a cell wall according to claim 4 or 5.

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