JP2004061251A - Programmable instrumentation general-purpose module and instrumentation system using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a programmable instrumentation general-purpose module, and an instrumentation system using it, which performs circuit adjustment by software from a separate place without going to the present place, even when instrumentation is performed at a remote place via the Internet, and maintains its function by cutting a failure portion of an instrumentation circuit off and reassembling the other normal portions of the instrumentation circuit, even if a part of the circuit fails. <P>SOLUTION: A programmable instrumentation general-purpose module having a configuration of modularization or integration into an LSI of individual elements composed of circuits such as a digital synthesizer, an FPAA, an FPGA or a one-chip CPU, and if required a multiplier and an Ethernet controller, etc., is used. Various kinds of instrumentation systems in which patterns of wiring of elements and combination of functions in individual elements are changed are formed, by changing a program for the module at each line used for instrumentation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a programmable measurement general-purpose module circuit capable of performing various kinds of signal processing composed of a frequency synthesis and redefinable circuit, and a measurement system using one or more of these general-purpose modules. The measurement system relates to observation and monitoring of weather environment, etc., measurement and observation of soil moisture and the like for agricultural products, data collection of those observation values via a communication line, and a use field such as a random number generation circuit.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In measurement of weather, organisms, agricultural products, and foods, there are many measurement items related to water, such as soil moisture, humidity, and plant moisture. In addition, sensors relating to weather and the environment have different voltages and impedances such as semiconductor temperature sensors, thermocouples, anemometers, solar radiation sensors, etc., and it is necessary to prepare dedicated circuits for each. The circuit became very complicated as the number of measurement items increased.
[0003]
In order to process and record these data with a computer, it is necessary to prepare an amplifier, a low-pass filter, a nonlinearity correction circuit, and the like in accordance with the sensor output in accordance with the voltage range of the AD converter input and the sampling frequency.
In order to set the amplification factor of the amplifier, the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter, and the like to appropriate values, it is necessary to repeat cut and try. Therefore, when the conventional measurement circuit is used by incorporating it into an observation system installed outdoors, the adjustment work and maintenance have been extremely difficult.
[0004]
In addition, when the soil moisture of 0 to 90% is measured and when the moisture of 0 to 1% is precisely measured, it is necessary to largely change the gain and the like of the amplifier. Therefore, in the case of online measurement, two observation devices had to be installed.
[0005]
For example, from a sensor that requires a sine wave input of 1 kHz and amplitude of 0 to 1 V, a signal of 0 to 1 mV, a signal of DC to 1 kHz and a signal in which noise of 1 kHz or more is superimposed is converted into data by an AD converter having an input signal range of 0 to 5 V. To achieve this, an amplifier having a gain of 1000 times and a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1 kHz are required.
At this time, it is assumed that another sensor requires input of a sine wave having a frequency of 1 to 100 kHz and an amplitude of 0 to 2 V, and that the sensor outputs a signal of 0 to 10 mV, DC to 100 kHz, and a signal in which noise of 100 kHz or more is superimposed.
[0006]
In the conventional method, circuits having the respective characteristics required by the two sensors must be individually manufactured. In addition, it was necessary to determine the values of the resistors and capacitors by cut-and-try so as to obtain predetermined characteristics.
An FPGA (field programmable gate array) can change a digital circuit flexibly, and an FPAA (field programmable analog array) can flexibly change an analog circuit by software. Since FPGAs and FPAAs have been used independently, peripheral circuits and development equipment for changing internal connections and programs have been required, and it has been difficult to rewrite them at operation sites. Therefore, they are mostly used for R & D and prototyping, and their flexibility has not been fully utilized.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and has as its object to combine a complicated analog circuit necessary for measurement of an amplifier, a low-pass filter, a non-linear circuit, and the like with a combination of relatively simple circuits. Configure and enable the configuration to be changed by software.
[0008]
By creating this as a single general-purpose basic device (programmable measurement general-purpose module) and using the programmable measurement general-purpose module singly or in combination, it is possible to significantly reduce the size, cost, and generalization of the measurement system. It is to be.
[0009]
For example, many sensors that measure water, such as soil moisture, humidity, and plant moisture, measure capacitance as a change. It is an object of the present invention to provide a measurement system capable of measuring with a single circuit that measures capacitance and voltage.
[0010]
Further, a measurement system capable of changing connection and circuit constants of this circuit from a remote place via a communication line such as the Internet is provided.
This allows a single circuit to be used for multiple purposes. In addition, a measurement system that can easily change the circuit configuration from a remote location will be provided.
[0011]
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a measurement system that can change a measurement target, remove a failed part in a circuit, and replace the circuit with another circuit.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, a programmable measurement general-purpose module of the present invention includes at least a CPU, a DA converter, and a memory, and outputs a frequency synthesized waveform signal determined by a first program.
A multiplier for outputting a product of two input voltages as a voltage,
An FPAA (Field Programmable Analog Array) including a plurality of electronic circuit basic elements including at least an operational amplifier, a resistor, and a capacitor, and further including elements whose constants and connection selection can be changed by a second program;
A computer unit serving as a CPU core for controlling all of the digital synthesizer, multiplier, and FPAA, and at least a DA converter and an AD converter, outputting a command signal for the first and second programs via a digital bus Module comprising four circuit elements having an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) having a programmable function,
An analog input terminal of a detection signal from a subject to be measured and an analog output terminal of an applied signal to a subject are provided in the FPAA,
The computer unit of the FPGA further includes means for rearranging wiring selection among the four circuit elements by using a third program by using the FPAA.
The third program, which matches the measurement conditions of the object connected to the analog input / output terminals, is started by the computer unit to determine the wiring between the four circuit elements. Correspondingly, the first or / and second program is started to output a frequency-synthesized waveform signal, and / or the connection and the element constant of each element of the FPAA are determined, and the measurement processing of the subject can be performed. The module is characterized by having
[0013]
Further, a DC-DC converter is further provided in the four circuit elements, and connected and wired as a stable power source from the DC-DC converter to the four circuit elements, respectively, and as a reference voltage of the AD converter and a constant of the multiplier. It is characterized by using.
[0014]
On the other hand, a measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module of the present invention connects a capacitive test object to the analog output terminal of the FPAA of the programmable measurement general-purpose module, and uses an AC voltage applied to the terminal to perform a measurement in the test object. A detection signal of the magnitude and phase shift of the flowing alternating current is connected to the analog input terminal,
An FPGA computer unit of the module, a digital synthesizer voltage generating means for instructing the digital synthesizer to generate an AC voltage having a voltage value and a frequency to be applied to the subject via a bus,
Wiring setting / amplifying circuit generating means for instructing the FPAA and a bus to generate an amplifying circuit, selecting wiring between a digital synthesizer and the FPAA, inputting the generated voltage to the amplifying circuit, and amplifying the wiring;
Voltage applying means to the subject that outputs the amplifier output to the analog output terminal,
Generation and connection of a predetermined amplifier circuit and an electronic circuit of a low-pass filter in the FPAA for obtaining the detection signal at a predetermined division terminal of a division resistor connected in series to the capacitive test object from the analog input terminal. Via a bus, and an electronic circuit generation / detection signal input means for inputting the detection signal;
A current / phase detecting means for instructing the output of the low-pass filter via a bus, inputting the output to an A / D converter of the FPGA via an analog signal line, and detecting a phase difference between a current flowing through the subject and a phase;
It is characterized in that at least one of the physical properties of the dielectric constant, electrical conductivity or dielectric loss, and ion concentration of the subject is measured from the detection result.
[0015]
Further, the split resistor is provided with split resistor generating means for generating the FPGA in the FPAA via a bus by the electronic circuit basic element in the FPAA.
[0016]
Also, a voltage output terminal of the measurement sensor is connected to an analog input terminal of the FPAA of the programmable measurement general-purpose module,
The FPGA computer section of the module, when inputting the measurement signal voltage from the measurement sensor to the A / D converter of the FPGA via the FPAA, determines the range of the input range of the A / D converter and the range of the measurement signal voltage of the sensor. Gain / offset circuit generation means for instructing a match via a bus and generating a gain circuit and an offset circuit by the electronic circuit basic elements in the FPAA;
The circuit generating means once measures within the range, and then instructs via a bus to set the range to a predetermined narrower range around the measured value, adjusts the gain circuit and the offset circuit, Circuit adjustment means for inputting the measured value to the AD converter,
By performing re-measurement, the accuracy in the resolution function is improved.
[0017]
In addition, a plurality of programmable measurement general-purpose modules are installed at measurement points, respectively, and the analog input / output terminals of each of the programmable measurement general-purpose modules are connected to corresponding subjects by wires, respectively. Each module has the function of a Web server, and each module has an Ethernet controller added or built in.
A client terminal of a measurer connected to the communication line or the Internet line from the Ethernet controller via the LAN,
The FPGA computer section of the module, when measuring the subject, stores the data conditions of the electronic circuit including at least the frequency, the voltage value, and the amplification factor of the amplifier suitable for the measurement in the memory section of the computer section. A storage means and a measurement condition setting for instructing a digital synthesizer or FPAA via a bus based on data conditions stored in a memory unit of the computer unit to generate a predetermined electronic circuit, and outputting a command frequency and a voltage to an analog output terminal. / Output means,
An electronic circuit generator for instructing the generation of an electronic circuit in the FPAA for performing analog arithmetic processing on the measurement data input from the analog input terminal, inputting it to an AD converter via the instruction, and storing the digital measurement data in a Web server memory unit / Measurement data storage means,
An access response / measurement for transmitting measurement data accumulated in a memory unit of a computer unit to the client terminal in response to an access to each of the programmable measurement general-purpose modules from a client terminal having a web browser or agent software of the measurer. Data transmission means,
The measurer accesses the client terminal via a communication line, and can sequentially receive and collect measurement data accumulated in each programmable measurement general-purpose module collected from subjects installed at a plurality of measurement points.
[0018]
In a measurement system using a programmable measurement general-purpose module,
In addition to the measurement analog input / output terminals connected to each subject, communication analog input / output terminals for communication of measurement information data between multiple measurement general-purpose modules are provided, and one communication analog input / output terminal connected to these communication analog input / output terminals is provided. With a single analog cable,
An FPGA computer unit of each module is instructed via a bus by a digital synthesizer and a multiplier, and generates frequency modulated wave generating means for generating a frequency multiplexed signal.
Multiplexing electronic circuit generating means for generating a multiplexing electronic circuit including a clock bar switch in order to cause each FPAA to output the frequency multiplexing signal;
At least a transfer command receiving / rewriting means for receiving the signal and rewriting the computer memory unit,
If there is at least one Web server function and digital communication function among a plurality of measurement general-purpose modules, there is one Web server function and digital communication function without the Web server function and digital communication function of other modules. All the measurement general-purpose modules can be controlled via the measurement general-purpose module.
[0019]
Further, the FPGA computer section of the module further receives a rewrite access signal of the data condition content stored in the memory section of the computer section by the measurement condition storage means from the client terminal via a communication line. Means,
A rewriting signal permitting means for permitting rewriting of the memory if at least the ID number or the password from the client terminal matches the ID number or the password of the module, and overwriting the data condition by the rewriting signal. ,
In the next measurement, the data programs defining the functions of the FPAA, FPGA, and digital synthesizer are rewritten according to the updated data conditions, and the measurement conditions and signal processing steps are changed for measurement.
[0020]
Further, the measurement data is stored in a memory section of the computer section as an HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) file and an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file.
[0021]
The content of the data condition is defined as an XML file, and the XML file is stored in a memory unit of a computer unit.
[0022]
Also, an analog input terminal of a programmable measurement general-purpose module, an electrode for applying an AC voltage, an antenna for receiving an electromagnetic wave, a microphone for detecting a sound wave, or an electric signal voltage of a probe or a transducer such as a vibration sensor for detecting a vibration wave. Connect with the terminal,
The FPGA computer unit of the module sends an AC voltage sin (ω) t (ω = frequency) to the digital synthesizer at predetermined frequency intervals from a lower limit to an upper limit of a frequency band in which the electric signal voltage is to be measured. : T = time) measurement frequency generation command means for sending a command to generate
Wiring setting means for selecting a wiring for inputting the measured frequency generation voltage sin (ω) t to the multiplier;
A receiving circuit for instructing the FPAA to generate a receiving circuit for inputting the measured electrical signal voltage from the analog input terminal to the multiplier so as to output the signal voltage to the multiplier, and selecting a wiring for inputting the output to the multiplier. Circuit generation / wiring setting means;
Wiring setting / integrating circuit generating means for selecting a wiring for inputting the multiplied value of the two input voltages to the FPAA in the multiplier and for instructing the FPAA to generate an integrating circuit for integrating the multiplied value for the predetermined time; ,
DC value measurement means for instructing the FPAA to generate a low-pass filter and an amplifier for amplifying the signal in order to extract a DC component of the output of the integration circuit, and measuring the DC value;
The above DC value is measured at predetermined frequency intervals, a DC value for each frequency is measured, and a frequency vs. DC value storage means is stored in the memory of the FPGA.
The electric signal detected by the probe or the transducer is measured for each frequency.
[0023]
In addition, the FPGA computer unit of the module further has a Web server function, and an Ethernet controller added to or incorporated in the module, and a client terminal of a measurer connected to the Internet line via the LAN from the controller. With
A web server storage unit for storing the measured DC value for each frequency in a memory unit of the web server;
At least measurement DC value transmission means for transmitting a measurement DC value stored in a Web server memory unit in response to an access to the module from a client terminal having a Web browser of the measurer is characterized by being provided.
[0024]
Also, connect the analog input terminal of the programmable measurement general-purpose module to a diode to which a reverse DC potential is applied,
The FPGA computer section of the module, an amplifier generating means for generating an amplifier for receiving and amplifying the noise of the diode from the analog input terminal inside the FPAA,
A sequence storage means for storing a sequence of voltage values at each predetermined time acquired by the A / D converter as a random number in a memory unit in the FPGA;
The method is characterized in that a complete random number having no periodicity for generating a random number is generated by using the voltage of shot noise that fluctuates at random in the diode as a seed.
[0025]
Also, instead of acquiring the shot noise of the diode from the analog input terminal, a semiconductor element is set inside the FPAA, a reverse DC potential is applied to the semiconductor element, and a random number is generated using noise output from the semiconductor element. Is generated.
[0026]
In addition, the FPGA computer unit of the module further has a Web server function, and an Ethernet controller added to or incorporated in the module, and a client terminal of a measurer connected to the Internet line via the LAN from the controller. And
The FPGA computer unit is a random number sequence input unit that inputs a random number as a sequence of voltage values of the specific frequency component at predetermined times to a temporary memory or a shift register of a Web server of the FPGA,
And generating means for transmitting the random number from a temporary memory or a shift register memory of a Web server in response to an access to the module from the client terminal of the measurer.
[0027]
In addition, the analog output terminal of the programmable measurement general-purpose module, an antenna that converts high-frequency power into electromagnetic radiation, or an ultrasonic / sound / vibration wave oscillator that converts AC voltage into sound waves, and an illumination / display that converts AC voltage into light waves Connected to a transducer containing a light emitter,
The FPGA computer section of the module instructs the digital synthesizer via a bus to generate a carrier voltage wave of a specific frequency within the dynamic frequency band of the transducer and inputs the voltage wave to a multiplier. Carrier voltage wave generation / wiring setting means for instructing wiring selection;
Information data output / wiring setting means for outputting information data to be transmitted as an analog value from a DA converter inside the FPGA and instructing a wiring selection for inputting the output voltage to the multiplier;
In order for the FPAA to obtain a multiplied value of the two voltage values from the digital synthesizer and the FPGA in the multiplier, a wiring selection between the FPAA and the multiplier, and the obtained multiplied value are passed through a high-pass filter to output power. A wiring setting / electronic circuit generating means for instructing the FPAA to generate an electronic circuit for performing amplification; outputting a modulated high-frequency or AC voltage modulated by information data to transmit a carrier wave from the analog output terminal; And at least an electromagnetic wave, a sound wave, or light is output from the transducer.
[0028]
In addition, a plurality of transmission devices having a configuration of a measurement system using a programmable measurement module are installed in advance at each point of known coordinates, and the transmission devices are respectively provided with the transmission antenna and the ultrasonic / sonic wave oscillator. Connecting at least one of the transducers of the emitter containing infrared light to the analog output terminal,
On the other hand, a plurality of receivers having a configuration of a measurement system using a programmable measurement module are installed in advance at respective points of known coordinates, and the receivers respectively include a receiving antenna, a microphone, a pressure sensor, an acceleration, A sensor, optical sensor, temperature sensor, or electric field measurement probe is connected to the analog input terminal as an integrated detection module,
Between the transmitting device and the receiving device, on the ground surface of an area, an electromagnetic wave including an ultra-high frequency band, a sound wave including an ultrasonic wave, and a light including an infrared ray are transmitted by being modulated by a predetermined signal as a carrier wave,
The computer unit in the FPGA of the receiving device records the received data in the memory unit, and when a change is measured in accordance with the lapse of time, the change in the propagation condition in the changing frequency band indicates the change in the weather, surrounding conditions, wind, It is characterized by comprising analysis means for estimating the speed of an object and the movement of a person / animal.
[0029]
Also, the plurality of transmitting devices whose set point coordinates are respectively known, the transducer connected thereto is a sound wave oscillator, and emits a sound wave, while the other plurality of set point coordinates are each of the known receiving devices, The connected measurement sensor is a microphone, a measurement system that receives sound waves,
The FPGA computer section of the receiving apparatus compares the detected sound wave in the normal case (wind speed = 0) in the memory section with the detected sound wave that is moving and compares the detected sound wave with the Doppler effect or the difference in propagation speed between the devices. It is characterized by comprising means for measuring the blowing wind speed.
[0030]
Further, the plurality of receivers each having a known set point coordinate, the detection module connected to its analog input terminal is at least a vibration sensor, a system for receiving a vibration wave,
Each of the plurality of receivers measures the vibration wave at each time when a person / animal walks on the ground, and the computer unit of each FPGA sends the time lapse at which each vibration wave reaches each device to its memory unit. With means for storing,
It is characterized in that the two-dimensional position of the pedestrian is estimated from the difference between the times of arrival of the vibrations stored in the respective memory units.
[0031]
In the plurality of receiving apparatuses, the FPGA computer section 12 of each module further has a Web server function, and each module has an Internet connection via an Ethernet controller and a LAN added or built in to each module. The FPGA computer unit accumulates the vibration wave at each time stored in its memory unit in the memory unit of the Web server, and stores the vibration wave at each time passage. The amplitude is collected by the client terminal via the Internet, and the two-dimensional position of the pedestrian is estimated.
[0032]
Further, in the plurality of receivers each of which the set point coordinates are known, the detection module connected to the analog input terminal is at least a microphone,
On the other hand, in the plurality of transmitting devices whose set point coordinates are respectively known, the transducer connected to the analog output terminal is a sound wave generator including at least a speaker,
The plurality of receiving devices and transmitting devices are each provided with a Web server function in the FPGA computer section of each of the programmable measurement general-purpose modules, and are connected to the module via an Ethernet controller and a LAN added or built in. A client terminal having a web browser of a measurer to connect to an Internet line,
In a system in which the sound wave of the sound wave generator output from each transmitting device is received by the microphone of each receiving device,
Transmission recording means for recording a transmission volume and a phase for each time in a memory unit of the Web server in the FPGA of the plurality of transmitting devices; and a memory unit of the Web server in the FPGA of the plurality of receiving devices, respectively. At least reception recording means for recording the reception volume for each time,
The client terminal of the measurer collects sound volume data in the memory unit of each Web server of the receiving device via the Internet, and sets a sound pressure level of a specific point defined in the area set in advance in the memory of the terminal. In comparison, if the sound pressure level is different, a sound phase level adjusting means for adjusting the sound volume and phase of the peripheral transmission device so as to match the sound pressure level is provided, and the sound pressure level at the specific point is increased or decreased. It is characterized by being able to.
[0033]
Further, in the plurality of receiving devices, the detection module connected to the analog input terminal is a receiving antenna including an ultra-high frequency band, an ultrasonic detector including a microphone, an optical sensor including infrared light,
In the plurality of transmitting devices, the transducer connected to the analog output terminal is a super high frequency band transmitting antenna, a sound wave oscillator including ultrasonic waves, infrared rays, a light emitting device including a laser,
The plurality of receiving devices and transmitting devices are each provided with a Web server function in the FPGA computer unit of each of the programmable measurement general-purpose modules, and are connected to the Internet via a LAN and an Ethernet controller added to or incorporated in the module. A client terminal having a web browser connected to the line,
The communication frequency and the voltage value (radiation power value) from the transmitting device arranged at each point to the receiving device arranged at each point can be changed via the Internet according to a command from the client terminal. The transmitting device is provided with a memory unit for storing a communication frequency and a voltage value in a Web server of the FPGA computer unit,
The computer unit reads a communication frequency and a voltage value in the memory unit, selects the transducer on which the communication frequency operates, and transmits the read voltage value,
At least communication frequency / voltage value updating means for permitting change of the content of the memory unit in response to access from the client terminal and updating the communication frequency and voltage value;
The client terminal obtains, via the Internet, a reception voltage value for each time accumulated in the Web server memory unit of each of the reception devices, compares the reception voltage value with a preset reception voltage value, and relates to the position / weather. Communication frequency switching means for switching to another communication frequency when the received voltage value is low due to propagation conditions, and operating at the best communication frequency,
When the communication frequency is set to the best, at least a voltage adjusting means for changing the voltage and operating with the minimum necessary voltage is provided.
[0034]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a programmable measurement general-purpose module 10 according to the present invention.
[0035]
In the figure, 11 is a digital synthesizer, 12 is a multiplier, 13 is an FPAA, 14 is an FPGA, 15 is a DC / CD converter, 16 is a digital signal bus between the FPGA 14 and the digital synthesizer 11, and 17 is between the FPGA 14 and the FPAA 13. , A reference numeral 18 denotes an analog output terminal, and 19 denotes an analog input terminal. The FPGA 14 includes at least a computer unit 14a, a DA converter 14x, and an AD converter 14y. There are a plurality of terminals 18 and 19 when measuring a plurality of elements, but for simplicity, they are indicated by a single arrow in the figure.
[0036]
Here, the digital synthesizer 11 is a so-called frequency synthesizing circuit, includes a DA converter, a memory, and a CPU for controlling them, and has a signal having a waveform determined by a program (first program) externally commanded. Is output.
[0037]
The multiplier 12 outputs a product of two input voltage values as a voltage value. The FPAA 13 is a programmable analog circuit. The FPAA 13 includes a plurality of basic elements of an electronic circuit such as an operational amplifier, a resistor, a capacitor, and a wiring changeover switch formed by a crossbar switch mechanism. (2nd program).
[0038]
The FPGA 14 is a programmable digital circuit and includes therein a computer unit 14a, a DA converter 14x, and an AD converter 14y, and the computer unit 14a performs all control including the digital synthesizer 11, the multiplier 12, and the FPAA 13. I do.
[0039]
That is, it has means for instructing the first and second programs via the digital signal buses 16 and 17, respectively.
[0040]
Further, the FPAA 13 includes an analog input terminal 18 for a detection signal from a subject to be measured and an analog output terminal 19 for a voltage signal applied to the subject.
[0041]
The computer section 14a of the FPGA 14 further includes means for changing the wiring selection among four circuit elements of the module composed of the digital synthesizer 11, the multiplier 12, the FPAA 13, and the FPGA 14 by a third program using a programmable crossbar switch. Further prepare. However, since this crossbar switch can use the one built in the FPGA 14, there is no need to prepare it separately.
As a small-scale measurement general-purpose module, the fourth element FPGA 14 may be a one-chip computer including a computer unit 14a, a DA converter 14x, and an AD converter 14y. Further, the digital synthesizer 11 may be configured in the FPGA 14 because the digital synthesizer 11 includes a D / A converter, a memory, and a CPU for controlling them.
[0042]
The above-described programmable measurement general-purpose module 10 has the following operation flow.
[0043]
A third program that matches the measurement conditions of the object connected to the analog input / output terminals 19 and 18 is started from the computer unit 14a, and the wiring between the four circuit elements is determined. In response to the necessity of (1), the first or / and second program is activated to output a frequency synthesized signal, or / and the connection of each element of the FPAA 13 and the element constant are determined. Therefore, measurement processing of the subject can be performed. The sensor signal from the subject is as follows.
[0044]
The sensor signal from the subject is input to the input terminal 19. The connection inside the FPAA 13 is determined by a command from the computer unit 14a inside the FPGA 14. The gain of the operational amplifier in the FPAA 13 uses the multiplier 12 (analog multiplier) when performing precise amplification or when changing the amplification rate at high speed such as modulation.
[0045]
These connections are determined by a command from the computer unit 14a using the programmable connection change function of the FPAA 13.
[0046]
For example, the AC bridge circuit generates the AC power or the voltage generated by the digital synthesizer 11 and the resistance inside the FPAA 13.
If the sensor signal is weak or excessive, it is multiplied by the voltage or the like generated by the DA converter 14x by the multiplier 12 (analog multiplier) and adjusted to a required value. An amplifier and a low-pass filter necessary for converting these signals into digital signals by the AD converter 14y are generated by an operational amplifier inside the FPAA 13. At this time, circuit constants such as an amplification factor and a cutoff frequency required for each sensor are updated by rewriting the second program of the FPAA 13.
[0047]
In addition, the power supply of each circuit is stabilized by the DC-DC converter 15, and the measurement accuracy and the stability of the circuit are improved by using the reference voltage of the AD converter 14y and the constant of the multiplier 12.
[0048]
Circuits such as the AD converter 14y are susceptible to power supply voltage, and the use of the present invention is frequently used outdoors, so that noise and power supply voltage are likely to fluctuate. In particular, when the power of the digital synthesizer 11 or the FPAA 13 fluctuates, the measured value becomes uncertain, and malfunction or circuit breakage may occur due to external noise or the like.
Therefore, if the circuit incorporates the DC-DC converter 15 to form a single module (LSI), the power supply voltage can be easily incorporated into PCs and home electric appliances of various types. In addition, by increasing the input voltage range of the DC-DC converter 15, a power source used outdoors such as a solar cell, a wind power generator, and a battery having a large voltage fluctuation can be easily used.
[0049]
Returning to FIG. The solid arrow is an analog signal line indicating the direction in which the voltage is output. However, this wiring can be programmably changed by a crossbar switch inside the FPAA. For this reason, some circuits may be disconnected depending on the generated circuit. Thick arrows with arrows at both ends indicate connection buses 16 and 17 for transmitting digital signals between circuits.
[0050]
The double solid line in the figure indicates the power supply wiring from the DC-DC converter 15 to the four circuit elements.
[0051]
More specifically, as described above, the DC / DC converter 15 supplies power to the digital synthesizer 11, FPGA 14, FPAA 13, and multiplier 12 and also supplies a voltage to the AD converter 14y as a reference voltage. Further, a signal is sent to the multiplier 12 as a voltage indicating a constant.
[0052]
The mounting may be changed depending on the application. For example, when the computer unit 14a, the DA converter 14x, and the AD converter 14y of the FPGA 14 are configured using individual ICs, or when the digital synthesizer 11 is built in the FPGA 14, the entire circuit of FIG. May be implemented by
[0053]
In multi-channel measurement using a plurality of sensors, a plurality of sets of analog input terminals 18 are prepared, a specific sensor is incorporated inside or outside, and a multiplexer is added for switching. Alternatively, instead of the multiplexer, the connection of the crossbar switch inside the FPAA 13 may be changed by a program (second program) to switch the sensor.
[0054]
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the measurement system 20 using the programmable measurement general-purpose module 10 of the present invention.
[0055]
The measurement system 20 shown in FIG. 2 changes the voltage value and frequency of an AC voltage generated by the digital synthesizer 11 according to a command from the computer unit 14a of the FPGA 14, applies the AC voltage to a subject to be measured, Is a measurement system 20 for processing the magnitude and phase shift of the current flowing through the FPAA 13 of the programmable circuit to measure physical properties such as the dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, and ion concentration of the subject 25. Regarding the measurement of the subject 25, the dielectric constant is measured by an alternating current between the electrodes 25a and b coated with the insulator, or the impedance is measured by the alternating current flowing between the electrodes 25a and 25b without the insulator coated. Or a humidity sensor whose capacity changes depending on the humidity.
[0056]
2, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same functions, and a description thereof will be omitted.
[0057]
Reference numeral 25 denotes a subject, and an AC voltage is applied to the analog output terminal 18 between the electrodes 25a and 25b. Reference numeral 26 denotes a dividing resistor, which connects the analog input terminal 19 to an intermediate tap for measuring a current flowing through the resistor and its phase and the like.
[0058]
Reference numeral 24 denotes an FPGA. The computer unit 24a includes means 24b to 24f shown in FIG. 2B in addition to the computer unit 14a in FIG.
[0059]
Here, the means 24b is a digital synthesizer voltage generation means for instructing the digital synthesizer 11 to generate an AC voltage having a voltage value and a frequency to be applied to the subject 25 to the digital synthesizer 11 via the bus 16.
[0060]
The means 24c instructs the FPAA 13 via the bus 17, generates an amplifier electronic circuit, selects the wiring 27 between the digital synthesizer 11 and the FPAA 13, inputs the generated voltage to the amplifier, and amplifies the wiring. It is an amplifier generating means.
[0061]
The means 24d is a means for applying a voltage to the subject 25, which outputs the amplifier output to the analog output terminal 18.
[0062]
The means 24e includes a predetermined amplifier and a low-pass filter in the FPAA 13 for obtaining a detection signal at a predetermined division terminal (middle tap) of the division resistor 26 connected in series to the capacitive subject 25 from the analog input terminal 19. Electronic circuit generation / detection signal input means for instructing generation and connection of an electronic circuit via the bus 17 and inputting a detection signal thereof.
[0063]
The means 24f instructs the output of the low-pass filter via the bus 17, inputs the output to the A / D converter 24y of the FPGA via the analog signal line 28, and detects a phase difference between the current flowing through the subject 25 and the phase. It is.
[0064]
When the FPGA computer unit 14a instructs via the bus 17 by the electronic circuit basic elements in the FPAA 13 to generate the divided resistors in the FPAA 13 (divided resistor generating means 24g) in FIG. Split resistor 26 enters FPAA 13.
[0065]
The flow of the operation of the measurement system of Example 20 is shown below.
The computer 24a of the FPGA 24 sends waveform data of a signal to be generated to the digital synthesizer 11.
[0066]
The digital synthesizer 11 applies the waveform voltage to the subject 25 via the amplifier of the FPAA 13. When the output of the digital synthesizer 11 is sufficiently large and the amplification circuit in the FPAA 13 is unnecessary, the voltage is directly applied via the FPAA 13. The flowing current is converted into a voltage by the dividing resistor 26 and used as an input to the FPAA 13.
[0067]
The FPAA 13 performs filtering and voltage level required by the AD converter 24y, and outputs the result to the AD converter 24y. Note that the resistor 26 in FIG. 2 does not need to be externally provided if it is generated inside the FPAA 13. Therefore, in that case, FIG. 2 can be realized by software with the configuration of FIG.
[0068]
The measurement system 20 can measure moisture by applying it to a humidity sensor whose capacitance changes non-linearly depending on the moisture content, soil, or a plant.
In the case of a humidity sensor, a humidity sensor whose water content changes according to humidity and whose capacitance changes is connected to the part of the subject 25 in FIG.
[0069]
When measuring soil moisture, an electrode covered with an insulator is inserted into the soil, and the moisture in the soil is measured as a change in capacitance.
[0070]
When measuring the moisture contained in the plant, the plant to be measured is placed between the electrodes covered with the insulation, and the moisture is measured as a change in capacitance.
By appropriately switching the above-mentioned wiring by a multiplexer, measurement for a plurality of subjects 25 is performed by one circuit in FIG.
In this case, the input terminal 19 needs to be switched in the FPAA. On the other hand, the output terminal 18 may be applied to the subject 25 in parallel and need not be switched.
[0071]
The electrode covered with the insulator is inserted into the subject 25 such as soil, and the spectrum information on the capacitance and the phase shift and the frequency dependence depending on the elements and the ion concentration included in the subject 25 can be measured.
The AMP in the FPAA may not be necessary depending on the voltage applied to the subject 25. In this case, the AMP generation means becomes unnecessary.
[0072]
FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of a measurement system 30 using the programmable measurement general-purpose module 10 of the present invention.
[0073]
The measurement system 30 in FIG. 3 is a measurement system capable of performing highly accurate measurement over a wide range by flexibly changing the frequency, voltage, gain, and the like according to the range to be measured.
[0074]
3, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same functions, and a description thereof will be omitted.
[0075]
Reference numeral 35 denotes a measurement sensor, and the output analog signal is input to the FPAA via the analog input terminal 19.
[0076]
Numeral 34 denotes an FPGA. The computer section 34a includes means 34b and 34c shown in FIG. 3B in addition to the computer section 14a shown in FIG.
[0077]
Here, when inputting the measurement signal voltage from the measurement sensor 35 to the AD converter 34y of the FPGA 14 via the FPAA 13, the means 34b matches the input range of the AD converter 34y with the range of the measurement signal voltage of the sensor. And a gain circuit / offset circuit generating means for generating a gain circuit and an offset circuit by the basic electronic circuit elements in the FPAA.
[0078]
The circuit generating means 34b once measures within the range, and then instructs via the bus 17 to set the range to a predetermined narrower range (range) around the measured value. Circuit adjustment means for adjusting the gain circuit and the offset circuit and inputting the measured value to the AD converter 34y. Thus, the measurement system 30 can improve the accuracy in the disassembly function.
[0079]
Next, a specific description will be given below.
[0080]
For example, when the AD converter 34y for measurement input is in the range of 0 to 5 V, when a sensor proportional to the measured value such as the amount of solar radiation or temperature is attached, when the range is set to 0 to 50 ° C., for example, The accuracy of the measured value is determined according to the resolution. Therefore, once measurement is performed within the range, for example, the temperature can be measured with a resolution in the range of approximately 20 to 24 ° C., and then the offset and gain are changed using the functions of the FPAA 13 and the FPGA 14 to obtain a measurable range. Is adjusted to, for example, 20 to 24 ° C., and remeasurement is performed, whereby the accuracy in resolution can be improved.
[0081]
FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show embodiments 40 and 50 of a measurement system using a plurality of programmable measurement general-purpose modules 10 of the present invention.
Here, a case is shown in which all the measurement general-purpose modules of the system 40 have a Web server function, and the system 50 has at least one or more measurement general-purpose modules having a Web server function. The system 50 requires a single analog cable K for exchanging information between general-purpose modules.
[0082]
Each of the measurement system 40 of FIG. 4 and the measurement system 50 of FIG. 5 is provided with Web server units 44w and 54w having Web server functions in the computer units 44a and 54a of the FPGAs 44 and 54 of the programmable measurement general-purpose module 10, respectively. A general-purpose module 10 'is provided.
Further, the measurement system 50 of FIG. 5 has a configuration including the measurement general-purpose module 10 without a Web server.
[0083]
The general-purpose module 10 'has exactly the same functions as the general-purpose module 10 of FIG. 1 except for the computer units 44'a and 54'a provided with the Web server unit 44w, and the description of the same reference numerals is omitted.
[0084]
Each of the measurement systems 40 and 50 is a system that uses a plurality of general-purpose modules 10 ′, and the system 50 uses a plurality of general-purpose modules 10 to measure the subject groups 45 and 55 existing at each point.
[0085]
The measuring system 40 of FIG. 4 shows a case where all the general-purpose modules are composed of general-purpose modules 10 'having a Web server, and the measuring system 50 of FIG. 5 has at least one general-purpose module 10' having a Web server and the other. All show the case of the general purpose module 10.
[0086]
In the case of the measurement system 50, since the number of connections between the general-purpose modules increases, modulated waves having different carrier frequencies are generated by the digital synthesizers 11 and the multipliers 12, and the analog signals of the general-purpose modules 10, 10 ′ are converted. It is transmitted by frequency multiplexing. Thus, a single analog cable K can be used.
It should be noted that instead of the single analog cable K, an optical cable, an antenna, or a wireless transceiver using an LED and a photodiode may be used.
[0087]
In FIG. 4, the Web server unit 44w of the computer unit 44a includes Ethernet controllers 46 and 56 which are added to or incorporated in the respective modules 10 '. In FIG. 4, the module is included as a module 10 ″. The Ethernet controller 46 is a measurement system 40 connected to a LAN and capable of communicating with client terminals 48 and 58 of a measurer equipped with a Web browser via the Internet 49 via a router or the like.
[0088]
Here, the computer sections 44a, 54a of the FPGAs 44, 54 of the modules 10, 10 'of the measurement systems 40, 50 are provided with the following means 44b to 44i, 54b to 54j, 54b to 54j.
[0089]
When measuring the specimens 45 and 55, the means 44b, 54b and 54'b store the data conditions of the electronic circuit including at least the frequency, the voltage value and the amplification factor of the amplifier suitable for the measurement in the Web server 44w and 54w memory units. This is a measurement condition storage means for storing.
[0090]
The means 44c, 54c and 54'c instruct the digital synthesizer 11 and the FPAA 13 via the buses 16 and 17 according to the data conditions stored in the Web server memory, generate a predetermined electronic circuit, and output the designated frequency voltage as an analog output. This is a measurement condition setting / output unit that outputs to the terminal 18.
[0091]
The means 44d, 54d and 54'd instruct the generation of an electronic circuit in the FPAA 14 for receiving the measurement data from the analog input terminal 19, and input the digital circuit data to the AD converters 44y and 54y via the Web. Servers 44w and 54w are electronic circuit generation / measurement data storage means stored in the memory unit.
[0092]
The means 44e, 54e, and 54'e store the measurement data stored in the Web server memory unit in response to the access to the module 10 'from the web browser 48a, 58a or the client terminal 48, 58 having agent software of the measurer. Is transmitted to the client terminals 48 and 58.
[0093]
The measurement system 40 shown in FIG. 4 uses the above-mentioned means 44b to 44e to allow the measurer to access each of the programmable measurement general-purpose modules collected from the subject 45 installed at a plurality of measurement points by accessing the client terminal 48 via a communication line. This is a system that can sequentially receive and collect measurement data stored in 10'b.
[0094]
Therefore, the measurement can be continued even if one of the modules 10 'becomes defective.
[0095]
In the measurement system 50 of FIG. 5, the computer units 54a and 54'a of the FPGAs 54 and 54 'include the following means 55f, 55'f, 55g and 55'g in addition to the means 55b to 55e and 55'b to 55'e. Is provided.
[0096]
The means 55f and 55'f connect the analog input / output terminals 19 and 18 of the modules 10 and 10 'to all the subjects 55, respectively, and further provide the input / output terminals 19 and 18 to provide a single unit. The FPGA computer units 54a, 54 of the modules 10, 10 'are connected to the analog input / output terminals 19, 18 and the subject 55 via one analog cable K so that information data can be exchanged between the modules 10, 10'. 'A' is a frequency modulation wave generation means for instructing via the bus by the digital synthesizer 11 and the multiplier 12 to generate a frequency modulation wave for multiplexing.
[0097]
The means 55g and 55'g are electronic circuit generating means for causing each FPAA 14 to generate a multiplexing electronic circuit for outputting the generated frequency modulation.
[0098]
The measuring system 40 of FIG. 4 and the measuring system 50 of FIG. 5 further include means 45h and 45i and means 55'h and 55'i, respectively.
[0099]
The means 45h and 55'h transmit the rewriting access signal of the data condition content stored in the memory section of the computer section by the measurement condition storage means 45b and 55'b in the FPGA computer section 45a and 55a of each module 10 to the client terminal 48. , 58 via the communication lines 49, 59.
[0100]
The means 45i, 55i allow the memory rewriting from the client terminal 48, 58 if at least the ID number or the password matches the ID number or the password of the module 10 'at the time of the reception, and Rewriting signal permission means for overwriting.
In the case of the measurement system 50, the module 10 'further includes a command signal transfer unit 54'j for transferring a command signal received from the client terminal 58 to another module 10, while the module 10 includes a transfer command / memory rewriting unit 54j. Is provided.
[0101]
By the above means 45h-i and 55h-i, in the next measurement, the data program defining the functions of the FPAA 13, the FPGA 14, and the digital synthesizer 11 is rewritten according to the updated data condition. The measurement systems 40 and 50 can perform measurement by changing the above.
[0102]
The measurement data measured here is stored as an HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) file and an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file in a memory unit of the computer unit, so that the hardware can be accessed from a user's browser or agent software. A change in software processing accompanying a change in software can be minimized.
[0103]
The measurement systems 40 and 50 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 have the following functions.
That is, even if the number of measurement points is increased, wiring can be performed simply by connecting to the Ethernet, so that installation is easy, and there is robustness that even if a part fails, the whole is not affected. Furthermore, the entire system including the programmable measurement general-purpose modules 10 connected by a network can be operated as one circuit, and a very complicated electronic circuit can be configured. Since each element is an individual server and at the same time one of the circuit components, an electronic circuit having high functionality, reliability, flexibility, and robustness can be created.
[0104]
When the Ethernet connection is the center of use, the Ethernet controllers 46 and 56 are implemented as the same LSI as the measurement general-purpose module 10. At this time, the hardware configuration data (amplifier amplification factor, frequency, and the like) for simultaneous measurement with the measurement data is defined as an XML file. This XML file does not necessarily need to be stored on the memory of the computer units 44a and 54a, and may be stored on an external server.
[0105]
Communication between the programmable measurement general-purpose modules 10 is performed via a network such as the Internet, and analog signals are directly connected in advance. Since the number of connections increases in proportion to the square of the number of the programmable measurement general-purpose modules 10, the connection is converted into a digital signal using the function of the programmable measurement general-purpose module 10 and transmitted in real time via a network.
[0106]
However, as shown in FIG. 5, when the frequency of the analog signal is high and the bandwidth of the network is insufficient, the analog signal is frequency-modulated using the multiplier and the digital synthesizer 11 in the programmable measurement general-purpose module 10. It is transmitted by frequency multiplexing. As a result, a single analog cable can be used. That is, a very complicated electronic circuit can be assembled with only two sets of wirings, a digital signal line for transmitting a digital signal for a network and an analog signal line for transmitting an analog signal.
[0107]
FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of a measurement system 60 using the programmable measurement general-purpose module 10 of the present invention.
[0108]
The measurement system 60 shown in FIG. 6 is a measurement system serving as a receiving device that inputs an electric signal detected by a measurement sensor such as a reception antenna, a microphone, and a vibration sensor and measures the electric signal for each frequency.
[0109]
In FIG. 6, the general-purpose module 10 has exactly the same functions as the general-purpose module 10 of FIG.
[0110]
Reference numeral 65 denotes any measurement sensor such as a receiving antenna, a microphone, and a vibration sensor. The electric signal output terminal of the measurement sensor is connected to the analog input terminal 19 of the FPAA 13.
[0111]
Reference numeral 64a denotes a computer unit of the FPGA 64 of the general-purpose module 10, and includes means 64b to 64g as shown in FIG.
[0112]
The means 64b specifies a predetermined frequency interval or a plurality of frequencies from the lower limit to the upper limit of the frequency band in which the electric signal voltage is to be measured for the digital synthesizer 11, and the AC voltage sin (ω) t ( ω: frequency t: time) is a measurement frequency generation command means for sending a command via the bus 17.
[0113]
The means 64c is a wiring 66 setting means for selecting a wiring 66 for inputting the measured frequency generation voltage sin (ω) t to the multiplier 12.
[0114]
The means 64d instructs the FPAA 13 via the bus 17 to generate a receiving circuit for inputting the measured electrical signal voltage from the analog input terminal 19 to the multiplier 12 so as to output the voltage to the multiplier 12, and outputs the output to the multiplier 12 This is a receiving circuit generation / wiring 67 setting means for selecting the wiring 67 to be input to the receiver.
[0115]
The means 64e selects a wiring 68 for inputting the multiplied value of the two input voltages in the multiplier 12 to the FPAA, and sets a wiring 68 setting / integrating circuit for instructing the FPAA to generate an integrating circuit for integrating the multiplied value for a certain period of time. It is a generating means.
[0116]
The means 64f is a DC value measuring means for instructing the FPAA 13 to generate a low-pass filter and an amplifier for amplifying the signal in the FPAA 13 in order to extract a DC component of the output of the integration circuit, and for measuring the DC value.
[0117]
The means 64g is a frequency-to-DC value storage means that measures the DC value at predetermined frequency intervals or at specified frequencies, measures the DC value for each frequency, and stores the measured DC value in the memory of the FPGA 64.
[0118]
Next, the operation of the measurement system 60 for measuring the electric signal from the measurement sensor for each frequency will be described in more detail.
[0119]
Signals input from antennas etc.
e ₁ = X ₁ sin (ω ₁ ) T + x ₂ sin (ω ₂ ) T + ... + x _n sin (nω _n ) T
And Where x ₂ sin (ω ₂ ) Let t be the signal to be demodulated. In FIG. 6, sin (ω) is supplied to the digital synthesizer 11 by a command from the FPGA computer unit 64a. ₂ ) T is output to the multiplier 12 and the input signal e ₁ Is multiplied and integrated for a certain time, the DC component becomes x ₂ Only. The FPAA 13 generates a low-pass filter for extracting the DC component and an amplifier for amplifying the signal in accordance with a command from the FPGA computer unit 64a.
[0120]
By changing the signal output by the digital synthesizer 11 according to a command from the FPGA computer unit 64a, x ₁ ~ X _n Can be sequentially measured.
[0121]
Here, the signal generated by the digital synthesizer 11 is
x ₁ sin (ω ₁ ) T + x ₂ sin (ω ₂ ) T + ... + x _n sin (nω _n ) T
Then the resulting signal is x ₁ + X ₂ + ... x _n (N: integer). This is x ₁ ~ X _n Can be used for information transmission when the value of ₁ ~ X _n If the value of is distinguished from noise by using a specific combination as one code, for example, x ₁ ~ X _n If all the values are 1, the sum is n, and if the sum is -1, the sum is -n, 1, -1, 1, -1,..., The sum is 0, so that three types of codes can be transmitted. There is also a method of weighting instead of a simple sum.
[0122]
For example, x in the computer unit 64a ₁ ~ X _n And the inner product (sum weighted by vector components) of an n-dimensional vector prepared in advance in the computer unit 64a, only components parallel to this vector can be extracted. As a result, the amount of information that can be detected can be increased.
[0123]
That is, the above can be realized by programming the circuit configuration of FIG. 6 in the general-purpose module 10 of FIG.
[0124]
FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a measurement system 70 using the programmable measurement general-purpose module 10 of the present invention.
[0125]
The measurement system 70 in FIG. 7 is a measurement system 70 that binarizes noise generated in a diode or the like and generates a random number using the binary.
[0126]
In FIG. 7, the general-purpose module 10 has exactly the same functions as the general-purpose module 10 of FIG. 1 except for the computer unit 74a, and thus the same reference numerals are omitted.
[0127]
Reference numeral 75 denotes a diode to which a reverse potential has been applied. The cathode side is connected to the analog input terminal 19.
[0128]
Reference numeral 74a denotes a computer unit of the FPGA 64 of the general-purpose module 10, which includes means 74b and 74c as shown in FIG. 7B.
[0129]
The means 74b is a means for generating an amplifier for receiving and amplifying the noise of the diode from the analog input terminal 19 inside the FPAA 13 and for generating an electronic circuit for outputting the amplifier output to the multiplier 12.
[0130]
The means 74b is a sequence storing means for storing the sequence of the voltage values at each predetermined time acquired by the A / D converter 74y as a random number in the memory unit in the FPGA.
[0131]
The measurement system 70 described above generates a complete random number without periodicity by simply converting the voltage of the shot noise, which fluctuates randomly in time with respect to the diode 75, to a numerical value.
[0132]
The shot noise of the diode is not obtained from the analog input terminal 19 as shown in FIG. 7, but a semiconductor element is generated inside the FPAA 13, a reverse DC potential is applied to the semiconductor element, and the output from the semiconductor element is output. The measurement system 70 may generate a random number by using noise to be generated.
[0133]
In addition, in the measurement system 70 of FIG. 7, the FPGA computer unit 74a further has a Web server function, and the general-purpose module 10 has an Ethernet controller added or built therein, and the Ethernet controller connects to the Internet line via the LAN. A client terminal of a measurer to be connected may be provided. (Not shown)
[0134]
In the measurement system 70 'as described above, the FPGA computer 74a further includes the following units 74f and 74g.
[0135]
The means 74f is a random number sequence inputting means for inputting a random number having the voltage value at each predetermined time as a sequence into a temporary memory or a shift register of a Web server of the FPGA.
[0136]
The means 74g is a generated random number transmitting means for transmitting to the client terminal from the temporary memory or the shift register of the Web server in response to an access to the module 10 from the client terminal of the measurer.
[0137]
FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a measurement system 80 using the programmable measurement general-purpose module 10 of the present invention.
[0138]
The measurement system 80 shown in FIG. 8 modulates the high frequency voltage generated by the digital synthesizer 11 with the output signal of the DA converter 80x of the FPGA 84 via the multiplier 12, and connects the transducer 85 connected to the analog output terminal 18 via the FPAA 13. This is a measurement system that serves as a transmission device that transmits data from a device.
[0139]
In FIG. 8, the general-purpose module 10 has exactly the same functions as the general-purpose module 10 of FIG.
[0140]
Reference numeral 85 denotes a transmitting antenna for converting high-frequency power to radiated electromagnetic waves, a vibration oscillator for converting AC voltage to sound waves and ultrasonic waves, illumination for converting AC voltage to light waves, and a transducer such as a light emitting device including a display. The input terminal of the transducer is connected to the analog output terminal 18.
[0141]
Reference numeral 84a denotes a computer unit of the FPGA 74 of the general-purpose module 10, and includes means 84b to 84d as shown in FIG.
[0142]
The means 84b designates, via the bus 16 for the digital synthesizer 11, a generation of a carrier voltage wave of a specific frequency within the operating frequency band of the transducer 85, and a wiring 86 for inputting the voltage wave to the multiplier 12. A carrier voltage wave generation / wiring 86 setting means for instructing selection.
[0143]
The means 84c is an information data output / wiring 87 setting means for outputting the information data to be transmitted as an analog value from the DA converter 84x of the FPGA 14 and instructing the selection of the wiring 87 for inputting the output voltage to the multiplier 12.
[0144]
The means 84d selects the wiring 88 between the FPAA 13 and the multiplier and passes the obtained multiplied value through the high-pass filter to cause the FPAA 13 to obtain the multiplied value of the two voltage values from the digital synthesizer 11 and the FPGA 14 in the multiplier 12. A wiring 88 setting / electronic circuit generating means for instructing the FPAA via the bus 17 to generate an electronic circuit for amplifying the output power.
[0145]
The measurement system 80 is a transmission device that sends a modulated high frequency or an AC voltage modulated by information data to be transmitted to a transducer 85 via the analog output terminal 18 to the transducer 85 and outputs an electromagnetic wave, a sound wave, or a light wave.
[0146]
Next, the measurement system 90 will be described.
[0147]
A plurality of transmitting devices T of the measuring system 80 in FIG. 8 are provided, while a plurality of receiving devices R of the measuring system 60 in FIG. 6 are provided and combined to form a measuring system 90 as described below.
[0148]
In other words, utilizing the property that the propagation state of electromagnetic waves including sub-millimeter waves, sound waves, vibrations, and light including infrared rays, which change depending on changes in the weather and surrounding conditions, the propagation state of each frequency is It becomes a measurement system 90 for rainfall, wind speed, approach of humans / animals, etc. from changes.
[0149]
For this purpose, a plurality of transmitters T of the measurement system 80 are installed in advance at respective points of known coordinates, and the transmitters include a transmission antenna, an ultrasonic / sonic wave oscillator, a light emitter including infrared rays, and a laser. At least one of the transducers 85 is connected to the analog output terminal 18.
[0150]
On the other hand, a plurality of receiving devices R of the measurement system 60 are installed in advance at respective points of known coordinates, and the receiving devices are respectively provided with a receiving antenna, a microphone, a pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, an optical sensor, a temperature sensor, an electric field, A connection module to an analog input terminal as a detection module in which any one of a plurality of measurement probes is integrated, and an input signal can be selectively switched by a multiplexer in the FPAA 13.
[0151]
The measuring system 80 having the above-described configuration transmits each frequency of the electromagnetic wave including the ultra-high frequency band, the acoustic wave including the ultrasonic wave, the light including the infrared ray, and the laser between the transmitting device T and the receiving device R on the ground surface of a certain predetermined area. And performs transmission and reception by modulating with predetermined information data.
[0152]
The computer unit 84a in the FPGA of the receiving device R records the received data in the memory unit, and when a change is measured in accordance with the lapse of time, the change in the propagation condition in the frequency band where the change occurs, the change in the weather / ambient condition, the wind The measurement system 80 includes analysis means for estimating the speed of an object and the movement of a person or animal.
[0153]
FIG. 9A is an explanatory diagram of wind speed measurement using a plurality of transmission and reception devices T and R in the measurement system 80.
[0154]
In the plurality of transmission devices T whose set point coordinates are known in the measurement system 80, the transducer 85 connected to the plurality of transmission devices T is a sound wave oscillator and emits sound waves.
[0155]
On the other hand, the other receiving apparatus R whose plurality of set point coordinates are known is a measuring system connected to the microphone and the measuring system 90 for receiving a sound wave.
[0156]
The measurement system 90 compares the detected sound wave in the normal case (wind speed = 0) in the memory unit of the FPGA computer unit of the receiving device with the detected sound wave that is changing due to the movement of the air, and determines its Doppler effect or Means are provided for measuring the wind speed blowing between the devices based on the difference in propagation speed. The data of the receiving device may be collected and analyzed by the measurer's client terminal via the Internet.
[0157]
For this purpose, a system is provided in which a Web server 80w is provided in the FPGA computer unit 84a, an Ethernet controller is added or built in, and communication is performed with a client terminal via the Internet via a LAN.
[0158]
FIG. 9B is an explanatory diagram of a human / animal movement measurement system 100 using a plurality of receiving devices R.
[0159]
In this case, it is a vibration sensor of the receiving device R, and the transmitting device is unnecessary.
[0160]
A means is provided for measuring the vibration wave at each time when a person / animal walks on the ground with a plurality of receiving devices R and storing the time lapse of reaching each device in the memory unit of the computer unit 84a of each FPGA. Thus, the two-dimensional or three-dimensional position of the pedestrian can be estimated from the time difference. The data of the receiving device may be collected and analyzed by the measurer's client terminal via the Internet. For this purpose, a Web server is provided as described above.
[0161]
Also, vibrations caused by walking of a human or an animal are measured by a plurality of devices, and a position of the pedestrian is estimated from a difference in time when the vibrations reach the devices. If the propagation speed of the vibration is known, at least three devices are used to estimate the two-dimensional position of the pedestrian. If the propagation speed is unknown. It can be estimated by using at least four units. If the number of devices is more than that, the position can be accurately estimated by the least squares method. When there is a sound source such as a vehicle that emits noise, its position and moving speed can be measured by this method.
[0162]
The propagation of electromagnetic waves and sound waves changes due to shielding and reflection by obstacles on the way, and this change depends on the frequency. Although the pattern of the change is very complicated, the change of each frequency is measured and compared with the actual event so that the fall of a meteor is detected by the reflection of broadcast waves such as FM broadcasts. It is possible to statistically estimate a pattern generated by passing or the like.
[0163]
The human / animal movement measurement system 100 may be a human / animal movement measurement system 110 including a plurality of transmitters T using ultrasonic transducers and a plurality of receivers R having sensors for receiving the ultrasonic waves. .
[0164]
Next, a description will be given of a measurement system 120 that generates a sound wave whose volume and phase are adjusted for each transmission device in the measurement system 80 to increase or decrease the sound pressure level at a specific point.
[0165]
In the measurement system 120, the plurality of receivers R are connected to the analog input terminal 19, and the detection module is at least a microphone.
[0166]
On the other hand, the plurality of transmitters T are connected to the analog output terminal 18 and the transducer is a sound wave generator including at least a speaker.
[0167]
In either case, the set point coordinates of the transmission / reception devices T and R are known.
[0168]
Each of the general-purpose modules 10 has a function of a Web server 84w in the FPGA computer unit 84a, and an Ethernet controller is added to or incorporated in the module 10, and can communicate with a client terminal of a measurer via a LAN or the Internet.
[0169]
The Web server memory unit in the FPGA of the transmission device T includes transmission recording means for recording the transmission volume and phase for each time.
[0170]
On the other hand, the web server memory unit in the FPGA of the receiving device R is provided with a reception recording unit for recording the reception volume for each time.
[0171]
The client terminal of the measurer collects the sound volume data in the memory unit of each Web server of the receiving device via the Internet, and determines in advance the sound pressure level of the specific point defined in the area set in the memory of the terminal. If it is different, a phase adjusting means is provided for sequentially adjusting the volume and phase of the peripheral transmitting device by cut-and-try so as to match the sound pressure level.
[0172]
That is, when there are a large number of devices, the average volume at a specific point can be increased by adjusting the volume and phase output from each device. If the communication speed between the devices by Ethernet or the like is sufficiently high, it is possible to accurately adjust the phase of the sound wave output from each device. By using in combination with the existing active noise control method, the sound pressure level at a specific point can be increased or decreased. When there is a noise source at a specific point, it is possible to reduce the noise by installing a number of devices.
[0173]
Next, a description will be given of a measurement system 130 that changes the frequency and the voltage in the measurement system 80 according to the propagation state such as the position between the transmitting and receiving devices and the weather and transmits the signal with the minimum power consumption.
[0174]
In the plurality of receivers R in the measurement system 80, the detection and measurement modules connected to the analog input terminal 19 are a reception antenna including an ultra-high frequency band, an ultrasonic detector including a microphone, and an optical sensor including infrared light.
[0175]
On the other hand, in the plurality of transmitting devices T, the transducer connected to the analog output terminal 18 is composed of at least one of an ultra-high frequency band transmitting antenna, a sound wave oscillator including an ultrasonic wave, and a light emitting device including an infrared laser.
[0176]
Each of the plurality of receiving devices R and transmitting devices T further has a Web server function in the FPGA computer section 84a of each general-purpose module 10. Further, there is an Ethernet controller added to or incorporated in the module 10, and a client terminal of a measurer connected to an Internet line via a LAN is provided.
[0177]
In order to be able to change the communication frequency and the radiated power value (voltage value) from the transmitting device T disposed at each point to the receiving device R disposed at each point, via a command from a client terminal, transmission is performed. The device T is provided with a memory unit for storing a communication frequency and a voltage value in a Web server of the FPGA computer unit.
[0178]
The computer unit reads the communication frequency and the radiated power value (or voltage value) stored in the memory unit, selects a transducer operating at the communication frequency, and transmits the read radiated power value (voltage value). And a communication frequency / voltage value updating means for permitting a change in the content of the memory unit in response to an access from the client terminal and updating the communication frequency and the voltage value.
[0179]
The client terminal obtains the reception voltage value for each time stored in the Web server memory of each reception device R via the Internet, compares the reception voltage value with the reception voltage value set in the memory of the client terminal in advance, and relates to the position / weather. When the received voltage value is low due to the propagation condition, the communication frequency is switched to another communication frequency and the communication frequency is switched to operate at the best communication frequency, and when set to the best communication frequency, the voltage is further changed. A voltage adjusting means for operating with a minimum necessary voltage.
[0180]
FIG. 11 shows the configuration of the measurement system 130 described above.
[0181]
FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram showing that the directivity of the frequency changes when the operating frequency of the transmitting device T is changed. The receiving sensitivity of the receiving device R greatly changes depending on the operating frequency.
[0182]
FIG. 10B shows that when the radiation power of the transmitting device T is changed, the reach distance to the receiving device R changes.
[0183]
As described above, the measurement system 130 changes the frequency and the voltage according to the propagation state such as the position between the transmitting and receiving devices and the weather, and transmits the signal with the minimum power consumption.
Propagation of radio waves, sound waves, and the like depends on the communication frequency, and the straightness and rounding are also different. If there is an obstacle, the communication state deteriorates. Therefore, when performing communication between devices for the first time, the frequency and output are changed using the function that can change the frequency and output of this device arbitrarily, and the relationship between these and the communication state is determined. By adjusting the frequency and the output to a level at which the power can be secured, a system capable of performing communication with reduced power consumption can be realized. Providing a plurality of communication means does not become a major obstacle in manufacturing with the improvement in the degree of integration of the LSI, but drives a programmable general-purpose measurement module using solar cell power generation, thermoelectric power generation, or received radio waves as a power source. In that case, reducing power consumption is a very important factor. Further, by having different communication means, communication is less likely to be disconnected due to environmental changes.
[0184]
FIG. 12 shows a measurement system 140 that uses the programmable measurement general-purpose module 10 and can rewrite a measurement direction program stored in its memory via the Internet, and change a measurement target and a signal processing method.
[0185]
Since each element is an individual server and at the same time one of the circuit components, an electronic circuit having high functionality, reliability, flexibility, and robustness can be created. For example, the programmable measuring module 1 is a high-frequency amplifier, the mixer that converts the programmable measuring module 2 to an intermediate frequency, the programmable measuring module 3 is an intermediate frequency amplifier, the programmable measuring module 4 is a detection circuit, and the programmable measuring module 5 is a low-frequency amplifier. Thus, a superheterodyne receiver can be configured.
[0186]
At this time, even if the programmable measurement module 1 fails, the internal circuit of the programmable measurement module 2 can be substituted. In the case of a more serious failure, the programmable measurement module 5 may be prepared as a spare and used as a substitute for the failed programmable measurement module.
[0187]
The audio signal and image signal of a radio or television can be detected by a programmable measurement module and transmitted to a personal computer via the Internet for viewing.
[0188]
By replacing amplifiers and other devices used in home appliances with programmable measurement modules, operations such as volume can be performed via the Internet. In addition, the function can be changed.
[0189]
FIG. 13 shows a combination of each measurement system of the present invention and the addition of a digital camera, a wireless LAN, etc., to create a small and inexpensive observation device for monitoring animals and plants, the environment, humans and property as shown in the figure. That you can do it.
[0190]
【The invention's effect】
The programmable measurement general-purpose modules of the present invention and the measurement system using them have the following effects.
[0191]
(1) Simplification of the circuit and ease of adjustment
Conventionally, in measurement using a sensor, it is often necessary to adjust the signal from the sensor to a signal of the required intensity and frequency using an amplifier or a frequency filter, and adjustment of gain, filter characteristics, and the like is performed by cut-and-try. Was. This work was very difficult outdoors, but can be easily performed as follows.
[0192]
According to the present invention, even when measurement is performed at a remote place via the Internet or the like, circuit adjustment can be performed by software from a remote place without going to the site. When a part of the circuit breaks down, the function can be maintained by disconnecting the faulty part and rearranging another normal circuit part.
[0193]
Such a circuit can be realized only with a digital synthesizer, FPAA, FPGA (or one-chip microcomputer) if necessary, and only a plurality of LSIs or modules with a multiplier, and signals from various sensors can be measured via the Internet. Become.
[0194]
(2) Easy integration
Necessary circuits such as digital synthesizer, FPAA, FPGA (or CPU), multiplier, Ethernet controller, etc. are already mounted individually as LSIs or ICs. Therefore, a general-purpose programmable measurement module is integrated as one LSI. It is easy to do.
[0195]
(3) Easy mass production
Rather than designing individual hardware for each sensor or measurement application, it can be applied to various applications by creating the same hardware and changing programs.
[0196]
(4) Can be downsized
By rewriting the program according to the application, limited hardware resources can be used effectively, and it can be realized with a small chip area.
In addition, the following advantages can be obtained due to high versatility.
[0197]
(5) Since the temperature and acceleration sensors that can be incorporated in the LSI can be mounted in one LSI, they can be used as high-performance sensor chips.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration of a tenth embodiment of a programmable measurement general-purpose module according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a configuration of an embodiment 20 of a measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a configuration of an embodiment 30 of a measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows a configuration of an embodiment 40 of a measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows a configuration of an embodiment 50 of a measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module of the present invention.
FIG. 6 shows a configuration of an embodiment 60 of a measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module of the present invention.
FIG. 7 shows a configuration of an embodiment 70 of a measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module of the present invention.
FIG. 8 shows a configuration of an embodiment 80 of a measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module of the present invention.
FIG. 9A is an explanatory diagram of wind speed measurement using a plurality of transmission devices.
(B) is an explanatory diagram of human / animal movement measurement using a plurality of receiving devices.
FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram in which the frequency directivity changes when the operating frequency changes.
(B) is an explanatory diagram in which the arrival distance changes when the radiation power changes.
FIG. 11 shows a configuration of a measurement system 130 having a transmission unit and a reception unit for transmitting light, sound waves, electromagnetic waves, and the like of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a configuration of a measurement system 140 that can change measurement conditions via the Internet according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of an embodiment of an observation device in which various measurement systems of the present invention are combined.
[Explanation of symbols]
10, 10 'Programmable measurement general-purpose module
11 Digital synthesizer
12 Multiplier
13 FPAA
14 FPGA or 1-chip computer
14a Computer section
14x DA converter
14y AD converter
15 DC / CD converter
16 Bus between FPGA and digital synthesizer
17 FPGA-FPAA bus
18 Analog output terminal
19 Analog input terminal
20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 Measurement System Using Module 10
24, 34, 44 ', 54, 54', 64, 74, 84 FPGA for measurement system
24a, 34a, 44'a, 54a, 54'a, 64a, 74a, 84a, FPGA computer part of measurement system
44w, 54w Web server
25, 45, 55 subject
35, 65 Measurement sensor
48, 58 Client terminal of measurer
49, 59 Internet line
46 Ethernet Controller
75 Diode
85 Transducer

Claims (22)

A digital synthesizer comprising at least a CPU, a DA converter, and a memory, and outputting a frequency synthesized waveform signal determined by the first program;
A multiplier for outputting a product of two input voltages as a voltage,
An FPAA (Field Programmable Analog Array) including a plurality of electronic circuit basic elements including at least an operational amplifier, a resistor, and a capacitor, and further including elements whose constants and connection selection can be changed by a second program;
A computer unit serving as a CPU core for controlling all of the digital synthesizer, multiplier, and FPAA, a DA converter, an AD converter, and at least a command signal for outputting the first and second programs via a digital bus A module composed of four circuit elements having an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) having a programmable function, and an analog input terminal of a detection signal from an object to be measured and application to the object An analog output terminal for a signal is provided on the FPAA,
The computer unit of the FPGA further includes means for rearranging wiring selection among the four circuit elements by using a third program by using the FPAA.
The third program, which matches the measurement conditions of the subject connected to the analog input / output terminal, is started by the computer unit to determine the wiring between the four circuit elements. Correspondingly, the first and / or second program is started to output a frequency-synthesized waveform signal or / and the connection and the element constant of each element of the FPAA are determined, and the measurement processing of the subject can be performed. A general-purpose module for programmable measurement, characterized in that the module has a function. A DC-DC converter is further provided in the four circuit elements, connected and wired as a stable power supply from the DC-DC converter to the four circuit elements, and used as a reference voltage of the AD converter and a constant of the multiplier. The programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 1, wherein: 3. A magnitude and phase of an alternating current flowing through the subject by connecting a capacitive subject to an analog output terminal of the FPAA of the programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 1 or 2 and applying an AC voltage applied to the terminal. Connected to the analog input terminal,
An FPGA computer unit of the module, a digital synthesizer voltage generating means for instructing the digital synthesizer to generate an AC voltage having a voltage value and a frequency to be applied to the subject via a bus,
Wiring setting / amplifying circuit generating means for instructing the FPAA and a bus to generate an amplifying circuit, selecting wiring between a digital synthesizer and the FPAA, inputting the generated voltage to the amplifying circuit, and amplifying the wiring;
Voltage applying means to the subject that outputs the amplifier output to the analog output terminal,
Generation and connection of a predetermined amplifier circuit and an electronic circuit of a low-pass filter in the FPAA for obtaining the detection signal at a predetermined division terminal of a division resistor connected in series to the capacitive test object from the analog input terminal. Via a bus, and an electronic circuit generation / detection signal input means for inputting the detection signal;
A current / phase detecting means for instructing the output of the low-pass filter via a bus, inputting the output to an A / D converter of the FPGA via an analog signal line, and detecting a phase difference between a current flowing through the subject and a phase;
A measurement system using a programmable measurement general-purpose module, characterized in that at least one of a physical property of a dielectric constant, an electric conductivity or a dielectric loss, and an ion concentration of an object is measured from the detection result. 4. The programmable measurement general-purpose apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the split resistor includes split resistor generating means for generating the FPGA resistor in the FPAA via a bus by an electronic circuit basic element in the FPAA. Measurement system using modules. A voltage output terminal of a measurement sensor is connected to an analog input terminal of the FPAA of the programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 1 or 2,
The FPGA computer section of the module, when inputting the measurement signal voltage from the measurement sensor to the A / D converter of the FPGA via the FPAA, determines the range of the input range of the A / D converter and the range of the measurement signal voltage of the sensor. Gain / offset circuit generation means for instructing a match via a bus and generating a gain circuit and an offset circuit by the electronic circuit basic elements in the FPAA;
The circuit generating means once measures within the range, and then instructs via a bus to set the range to a predetermined narrower range around the measured value, adjusts the gain circuit and the offset circuit, Circuit adjustment means for inputting the measured value to the AD converter,
A measurement system using a programmable measurement general-purpose module characterized by improving the resolution function by performing re-measurement. A plurality of programmable measurement general-purpose modules according to claim 1 or 2 are installed at measurement points, respectively, and analog input / output terminals of the respective programmable measurement general-purpose modules and corresponding subjects are connected by wires. Each of the FPGA computer units has a Web server function, and each module has an Ethernet controller added or built in.
A client terminal of a measurer connected to the communication line or the Internet line from the Ethernet controller via the LAN,
The FPGA computer section of the module, when measuring the subject, stores the data conditions of the electronic circuit including at least the frequency, the voltage value, and the amplification factor of the amplifier suitable for the measurement in the memory section of the computer section. A storage means and a measurement condition setting for instructing a digital synthesizer or FPAA via a bus based on data conditions stored in a memory unit of the computer unit to generate a predetermined electronic circuit, and outputting a command frequency and a voltage to an analog output terminal. / Output means,
An electronic circuit generator for instructing the generation of an electronic circuit in the FPAA for performing analog arithmetic processing on the measurement data input from the analog input terminal, inputting it to an AD converter via the instruction, and storing the digital measurement data in a Web server memory unit / Measurement data storage means,
An access response / measurement for transmitting measurement data accumulated in a memory unit of a computer unit to the client terminal in response to an access to each of the programmable measurement general-purpose modules from a client terminal having a web browser or agent software of the measurer. Data transmission means,
The programmabler is characterized in that the measurer accesses the client terminal via a communication line and can sequentially receive and collect the measurement data accumulated in each programmable measurement general-purpose module collected from the subjects installed at a plurality of measurement points. Measurement system using a general-purpose measurement module. A measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 6,
In addition to the measurement analog input / output terminals connected to each subject, communication analog input / output terminals for communication of measurement information data between multiple measurement general-purpose modules are provided, and one communication analog input / output terminal connected to these communication analog input / output terminals is provided. With a single analog cable,
An FPGA computer unit of each module is instructed via a bus by a digital synthesizer and a multiplier, and generates frequency modulated wave generating means for generating a frequency multiplexed signal.
Multiplexing electronic circuit generating means for generating a multiplexing electronic circuit including a clock bar switch in order to cause each FPAA to output the frequency multiplexing signal;
At least a transfer command receiving / rewriting means for receiving the signal and rewriting the computer memory unit,
If there is at least one Web server function and digital communication function among a plurality of measurement general-purpose modules, there is one Web server function and digital communication function even if there is no Web server function and digital communication function of another module. A measurement system using a programmable measurement general-purpose module, wherein all the measurement general-purpose modules can be controlled via the measurement general-purpose module. The FPGA computer unit of the module further includes a rewrite signal receiving unit that receives a rewrite access signal of the data condition content stored in the memory unit of the computer unit by the measurement condition storage unit from the client terminal via a communication line. ,
A rewriting signal permitting means for permitting rewriting of the memory if at least the ID number or the password from the client terminal matches the ID number or the password of the module, and overwriting the data condition by the rewriting signal. ,
The next measurement is performed by rewriting a data program defining functions of the FPAA, the FPGA, and the digital synthesizer according to the updated data conditions, changing measurement conditions and signal processing steps, and performing measurement. 7. A measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module according to 7. 8. The measurement system using a programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 6, wherein the measurement data is stored in a memory unit of a computer unit as an HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) file and an XML (Extensible Markup Language) file. . 8. The measurement system according to claim 6, wherein the data condition content is defined as an XML file, and the XML file is stored in a memory unit of a computer unit. An analog input terminal of the programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 1 or 2, an electrode for applying an AC voltage, an antenna for receiving an electromagnetic wave, a microphone for detecting a sound wave, or a probe such as a vibration sensor for detecting a vibration wave or Connect to the electrical signal voltage terminal of the transducer,
The FPGA computer unit of the module sends an AC voltage sin (ω) t (ω = frequency) to the digital synthesizer at predetermined frequency intervals from a lower limit to an upper limit of a frequency band in which the electric signal voltage is to be measured. : T = time) measurement frequency generation command means for sending a command to generate
Wiring setting means for selecting a wiring for inputting the measured frequency generation voltage sin (ω) t to the multiplier;
A receiving circuit for instructing the FPAA to generate a receiving circuit for inputting the measured electrical signal voltage from the analog input terminal to the multiplier so as to output the signal voltage to the multiplier, and selecting a wiring for inputting the output to the multiplier. Circuit generation / wiring setting means;
Wiring setting / integrating circuit generating means for selecting a wiring for inputting the multiplied value of the two input voltages to the FPAA in the multiplier and for instructing the FPAA to generate an integrating circuit for integrating the multiplied value for the predetermined time; ,
DC value measurement means for instructing the FPAA to generate a low-pass filter and an amplifier for amplifying the signal in order to extract a DC component of the output of the integration circuit, and measuring the DC value;
The above DC value is measured at predetermined frequency intervals, a DC value for each frequency is measured, and a frequency vs. DC value storage means is stored in the memory of the FPGA.
A measurement system using a programmable general-purpose module, wherein an electric signal detected by the probe or the transducer is measured for each frequency. The FPGA computer unit of the module further has a Web server function, and further includes an Ethernet controller added or built in the module, and a client terminal of a measurer connected to the Internet line via the LAN from the controller. Prepare,
A web server storage unit for storing the measured DC value for each frequency in a memory unit of the web server;
The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a measurement DC value transmitting unit configured to transmit a measurement DC value stored in a Web server memory unit in response to an access to the module from a client terminal including a web browser of the measurer. 12. A measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module according to 11. Connecting an analog input terminal of the programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 1 and a diode to which a reverse direct current potential is applied,
The FPGA computer section of the module, an amplifier generating means for generating an amplifier for receiving and amplifying the noise of the diode from the analog input terminal inside the FPAA,
A sequence storage means for storing a sequence of voltage values at each predetermined time acquired by the A / D converter as a random number in a memory unit in the FPGA;
A measurement system using a general-purpose programmable measurement module, characterized by generating a complete random number having no periodicity by generating a random number by using a voltage of shot noise that fluctuates randomly in time of the diode as a seed. Instead of obtaining the shot noise of the diode from the analog input terminal, a semiconductor element is set inside the FPAA, a reverse DC potential is applied to the semiconductor element, and a random number is generated using noise output from the semiconductor element. The measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 13. The FPGA computer part of the module further has a Web server function, and the module is provided with an Ethernet controller added or built in, and a client terminal of a measurer connected to the Internet line via the LAN from the controller. ,
The FPGA computer unit is a random number sequence input unit that inputs a random number as a sequence of voltage values of the specific frequency component at predetermined times to a temporary memory or a shift register of a Web server of the FPGA,
The generated random number transmitting means for transmitting the random number from a temporary memory or a shift register memory of a Web server in response to an access to the module from the client terminal of the measurer, wherein the generated random number is transmitted. Measurement system using programmable measurement general-purpose modules. An analog output terminal of the general-purpose module for programmable measurement according to claim 1 or 2, an antenna for converting high-frequency power to electromagnetic radiation, or an ultrasonic / sound / vibration wave oscillator for converting an AC voltage to a sound wave; Connect a transducer that includes a light-emitting device that includes an illumination / display to convert,
The FPGA computer section of the module instructs the digital synthesizer via a bus to generate a carrier voltage wave of a specific frequency within the dynamic frequency band of the transducer and inputs the voltage wave to a multiplier. Carrier voltage wave generation / wiring setting means for instructing wiring selection;
Information data output / wiring setting means for outputting information data to be transmitted as an analog value from a DA converter inside the FPGA and instructing a wiring selection for inputting the output voltage to the multiplier;
In order for the FPAA to obtain a multiplied value of the two voltage values from the digital synthesizer and the FPGA in the multiplier, a wiring selection between the FPAA and the multiplier, and the obtained multiplied value are passed through a high-pass filter to output power. A wiring setting / electronic circuit generating means for instructing the FPAA to generate an electronic circuit for performing amplification; outputting a modulated high-frequency or AC voltage modulated by information data to transmit a carrier wave from the analog output terminal; A measurement system using a programmable measurement general-purpose module, wherein at least an electromagnetic wave, a sound wave, or light is output from the transducer. 17. A plurality of transmission devices having a configuration of a measurement system using the programmable measurement module according to claim 16 are respectively installed in advance at each point of known coordinates, and the transmission devices are respectively provided with the transmission antenna and the ultrasonic wave. A sonic oscillator, at least one transducer of a light emitter including infrared rays is connected to an analog output terminal,
On the other hand, a plurality of receivers having a configuration of a measurement system using the programmable measurement module according to claim 11 are installed in advance at respective points of known coordinates, and the receivers respectively include a reception antenna and a microphone. , A pressure sensor, an acceleration sensor, an optical sensor, a temperature sensor, and an electric field measurement probe connected to an analog input terminal as a detection module integrating
Between the transmitting device and the receiving device, on the ground surface of a certain area, electromagnetic waves including an ultra-high frequency band, sound waves including an ultrasonic wave, each frequency of light including an infrared ray are modulated as carrier waves with predetermined information data for transmission and reception. Do
The computer unit in the FPGA of the receiving device records the received data in the memory unit, and when a change is measured in accordance with the lapse of time, the change in the propagation condition in the changing frequency band indicates the change in the weather, surrounding conditions, wind, A measurement system using a general-purpose programmable measurement module, comprising analysis means for estimating the speed of an object and the movement of a person or an animal. The plurality of transmitters whose set point coordinates are each known, the connected transducer is a sound wave oscillator, and emits a sound wave, while the other plurality of receivers whose respective set point coordinates are each known have the connection. The measurement sensor is a microphone, a measurement system that receives sound waves,
The FPGA computer section of the receiving device compares the detected sound wave in the normal case (wind speed = 0) in the memory portion with the detected sound wave that is moving and compares the detected sound wave with the moving sound. 18. The measurement system using a programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 17, further comprising means for measuring a blowing wind speed. The plurality of receivers each having a known set point coordinate, the detection module connected to its analog input terminal is at least a vibration sensor, a system for receiving a vibration wave,
Each of the plurality of receivers measures the vibration wave at each time when a person / animal walks on the ground, and the computer unit of each FPGA sends the time lapse at which each vibration wave reaches each device to its memory unit. With means for storing,
The measurement system according to claim 17, wherein the two-dimensional position of the pedestrian is estimated from a difference between times of arrival of the vibrations stored in the respective memory units. In each of the plurality of receiving devices, the FPGA computer unit 12 of each of the modules further has a Web server function, and is connected to an Internet line via an Ethernet controller and a LAN added or built in each module. A client terminal equipped with a web browser of
The FPGA computer unit stores the vibration wave at each time stored in the memory unit in the memory unit of the Web server, collects the amplitude of the vibration at each time passage to the client terminal via the Internet, and outputs 20. The measurement system using a programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 19, wherein the two-dimensional position is estimated. In the plurality of receivers each having a known set point coordinate, the detection module connected to the analog input terminal is at least a microphone,
On the other hand, in the plurality of transmitting devices whose set point coordinates are respectively known, the transducer connected to the analog output terminal is a sound wave generator including at least a speaker,
The plurality of receiving devices and transmitting devices are each provided with a Web server function in the FPGA computer section of each of the programmable measurement general-purpose modules, and are connected to the module via an Ethernet controller and a LAN added or built in. A client terminal having a web browser of a measurer to connect to an Internet line,
In a system in which the sound wave of the sound wave generator output from each transmitting device is received by the microphone of each receiving device,
Transmission recording means for recording a transmission volume and a phase for each time in a memory unit of the Web server in the FPGA of the plurality of transmitting devices; and a memory unit of the Web server in the FPGA of the plurality of receiving devices, respectively. At least reception recording means for recording the reception volume for each time,
The client terminal of the measurer collects sound volume data in the memory unit of each Web server of the receiving device via the Internet, and sets a sound pressure level of a specific point defined in the area set in advance in the memory of the terminal. In comparison, if the sound pressure level is different, a sound phase level adjusting means for adjusting the sound volume and phase of the peripheral transmission device so as to match the sound pressure level is provided, and the sound pressure level at the specific point is increased or decreased. The measurement system using the programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 17, wherein: In the plurality of receiving devices, the detection module connected to the analog input terminal is a receiving antenna including an ultra-high frequency band, an ultrasonic detector including a microphone, an optical sensor including infrared light,
In the plurality of transmitting devices, the transducer connected to the analog output terminal is a super high frequency band transmitting antenna, a sound wave oscillator including ultrasonic waves, infrared rays, a light emitting device including a laser,
The plurality of receiving devices and transmitting devices are each provided with a Web server function in the FPGA computer unit of each of the programmable measurement general-purpose modules, and are connected to the Internet via a LAN and an Ethernet controller added to or incorporated in the module. A client terminal having a web browser connected to the line,
The communication frequency and the voltage value (radiation power value) from the transmitting device arranged at each point to the receiving device arranged at each point can be changed via the Internet according to a command from the client terminal. The transmitting device is provided with a memory unit for storing a communication frequency and a voltage value in a Web server of the FPGA computer unit,
The computer unit reads a communication frequency and a voltage value in the memory unit, selects the transducer on which the communication frequency operates, and transmits the read voltage value,
At least communication frequency / voltage value updating means for permitting change of the content of the memory unit in response to access from the client terminal and updating the communication frequency and voltage value;
The client terminal obtains, via the Internet, a reception voltage value for each time accumulated in the Web server memory unit of each of the reception devices, compares the reception voltage value with a preset reception voltage value, and relates to the position / weather. Communication frequency switching means for switching to another communication frequency when the received voltage value is low due to propagation conditions, and operating at the best communication frequency,
18. The programmable measurement general-purpose module according to claim 17, further comprising at least voltage adjusting means for changing the voltage when the communication frequency is set to the best and operating at the minimum necessary voltage. Measurement system.

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