JP2004051751A - Polyamide particle and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Polyamide particle and its manufacturing method Download PDF

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JP2004051751A
JP2004051751A JP2002209991A JP2002209991A JP2004051751A JP 2004051751 A JP2004051751 A JP 2004051751A JP 2002209991 A JP2002209991 A JP 2002209991A JP 2002209991 A JP2002209991 A JP 2002209991A JP 2004051751 A JP2004051751 A JP 2004051751A
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polyamide
particles
solution
weight
amide
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JP4528482B2 (en
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Kimio Nakayama
中山 喜美男
Yukihiko Asano
浅野 之彦
Shigeru Yao
八尾 滋
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Ube Corp
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Ube Industries Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide polyamide particles which are in the form of an oval, a cylinder, a dumbbell or a hand drum and have an appropriate porosity, and its manufacturing method. <P>SOLUTION: The polyamide particles have a particle length of 0.5-25 μm, L/D (particle length/particle diameter) of 3-50, and a specific surface area of 0.1-10 m<SP>2</SP>/g. The polyamide particles are composed of a polyamide to be synthesized from 50-100 wt.% amide-forming monomer (A) and 0-50 wt.% amide-forming monomer (B), and the amide-forming monomer (A) is a 9-22C amide-forming monomer, and the amide-forming monomer (B) is a 2-8C amide-forming monomer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、分散性の優れる適度な多孔性を有し、筒状またはダンベル状を有するポリアミド粒子及びこの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
球状粒子に関するものとしては、特開平5−70598号公報には、ナイロン11の溶液を溶融状態で噴霧し、冷却することにより、粉体を得ることが開示されている。
特開平6−256529号公報には、化粧品、トナー用に、非水溶媒に樹脂を溶解し、特定割合の貧溶媒を添加し、第2の非水溶媒を添加することを特徴とするポリマー粒子を得ることが開示されている。
特開平8−73602号公報には、塗料用粉体として、ラクタムを不溶性重合媒体に用いることにより、球状ポリアミド粒子を得る製造方法が開示されている。
【0003】
特開平2−215838号公報では、ポリエステルらのポリマーと溶媒を融点以上まで加熱し、その後融点以上まで冷却してポリマー粒子を得ることを特徴とするポリマー粒子の製造方法が開示されている。
特許3165184号公報には、溶解槽中でナイロンなどポリマーとエチレングリコールと極性溶媒を加熱溶解し、その後冷却して特定の真球状のポリマー粒子を得ることを特徴とする方法が開示されている。
特開平9−316206号公報には、高温高圧下で初めて溶解する溶媒と水にポリアミドを溶解し、分離析出する技術が開示されている。
【0004】
多孔性粒子を得る方法としては、特開平1−278541号公報に、ポリマー溶液から気相中に噴霧させ帯電させて、冷却することにより凝固液に浸漬し、多孔質均一ポリマー粒子を得ることが開示されている。
特開平3−26729号公報には、水素結合指標が異なる2種の溶媒、非溶媒によって結晶化させることにより、多孔質のポリマー粒子を得る方法が開示されている。
多孔質粒子としては、特開平1−230630号公報には、ラクタムのアニオン重合で過飽和状態の温度で製造することを特徴とする方法が開示されている。特許2568392号公報には、相分離溶媒に高温で溶解し、その後冷却して相分離を誘発し、単独球晶粒子を得ることが開示されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ポリアミド粒子は、球状粒子や多孔質粒子に関するものが開示されている。これらは化粧品、吸着材などの日用品、又は粉体塗料、研磨剤、触媒担持体などの工業材料の用途として用いられている。
【0006】
楕円状、筒状、ダンベル状または鼓状粒子は、球状粒子と異なり摩擦係数が大きい。
本発明は、楕円状、筒状、ダンベル状または鼓状の形状を有する粒子で、適度な多孔性を有するポリアミド粒子及びこの製造方法の提供を目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の第1は、粒子長が0.5〜25μmで、L/D(粒子長/粒子径)が3〜50で、比表面積が0.1〜10m/gであることを特徴とするポリアミド粒子を提供すること。
【0008】
本発明の第2は、ポリアミド粒子が、アミド形成モノマー(A)50〜100重量%及びアミド形成モノマー(B)0〜50重量%から合成されるポリアミドからなり、アミド形成モノマー(A)が炭素数9〜22のアミド形成モノマーであり、アミド形成モノマー(B)が炭素数2〜8のアミド形成モノマーであることを特徴とするポリアミド粒子を提供すること。
【0009】
本発明の第3は、ポリアミド粒子が、ポリアミドと溶媒からなるポリアミド溶液と、水と非溶媒とを含むポリアミド非溶液とを混合して均一な溶液を製造し、該均一な溶液を製造後溶液温度5〜60℃で1分〜48時間の間で析出するポリアミド粒子であることを特徴とするポリアミド粒子を提供すること。
【0010】
本発明の第4は、第1又は第2の発明に記載のポリアミド粒子の製造方法を提供すること。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明のポリアミド粒子は、粒子長が0.5〜25μmで、L/D(粒子長/粒子径)が3〜50で、比表面積が0.1〜10m/gであることを特徴とするポリアミド粒子である。
本発明のポリアミド粒子は、楕円状、筒状、ダンベル状または鼓状の形状を有する粒子である。
【0012】
ポリアミド粒子の粒子長は、0.5〜25μmで、好ましくは1〜10μm、さらに好ましくは1〜8μm、特に好ましくは1〜5μmである。
【0013】
ポリアミド粒子のL/D(粒子長/粒子径)は、3〜50の範囲、好ましくは3〜20の範囲、さらに好ましくは3〜15の範囲、特に好ましくは3〜10の範囲である。
ここでL/Dとは、粒子長を粒子径で除した値であり、粒子径は、粒子中央部付近の粒子径のことである。例えば、粒子径とは、楕円状及び筒状の形状の粒子では中央部の径であり、ダンベル状及び鼓状の形状の粒子では中央部の細い部分の径である。
【0014】
ポリアミド粒子の比表面積は、0.1〜10m/g、好ましくは0.5〜8m/g、さらに好ましくは1〜7m/g、特に好ましくは2〜6m/gである。
【0015】
ポリアミド粒子の粒子長の分布の変動係数は、好ましくは20%以下、さらに好ましくは15%以下が好ましい。ポリアミド粒子の粒子長の分布の変動係数が20%を超えると、粒子長分布のばらつきが大きく、均一な製品になりにくく、摩擦係数が上がり過ぎ好ましくない。ポリアミド粒子の粒子長の分布の変動係数は数式(1)に準じて算出できる。
【数1】

Figure 2004051751
【0016】
ポリアミド粒子は、好ましくはアミド形成モノマー(A)50〜100重量%及びアミド形成モノマー(B)0〜50重量%から合成されるポリアミドからなること、
さらに好ましくはアミド形成モノマー(A)60〜100重量%とアミド形成モノマー(B)0〜40重量%から合成されるポリアミドからなること、
特に好ましくはアミド形成モノマー(A)65〜100重量%とアミド形成モノマー(B)0〜35重量%から合成されるポリアミドからなることが好ましい。ポリアミドのアミド形成モノマー(A)が50重量%未満では結晶化が起こりやすく、球状粒子が得られるために好ましくない。
【0017】
ポリアミド形成性モノマー(A)としては、炭素数9〜22のω−アミノカルボン酸、炭素数9〜22のラクタム、或いは炭素数9〜22のジアミンと炭素数9〜22のジカルボン酸から合成されるもの及び/又はそれらの塩から選ばれる少なくとも一種の脂肪族、脂環族及び芳香族を含むポリアミド形成性モノマーが使用される。
【0018】
ポリアミド形成性モノマー(B)としては、炭素数4〜8のω−アミノカルボン酸、炭素数4〜8のラクタム、或いは炭素数2〜8のジアミンと炭素数2〜8のジカルボン酸から合成されるもの及び/又はそれらの塩から選ばれる少なくとも一種の脂肪族、脂環族及び芳香族を含むポリアミド形成性モノマーが使用される。
本発明のポリアミド粒子は、脂肪族及び/又は脂環族からなるポリアミド粒子が好ましい。
【0019】
ジアミンとジカルボン酸から合成されるもの及び/又はそれらの塩において、ジアミンとしては、脂肪族ジアミン、脂環式ジアミン及び芳香族ジアミン又はこれらの誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも一種のジアミン化合物などを挙げることが出来、
ジカルボン酸としては、脂肪族ジカルボン酸、脂環式ジカルボン酸及び芳香族ジカルボン酸又はこれらの誘導体から選ばれる少なくとも一種のジカルボン酸化合物などを挙げることが出来る。
特に、ジアミンとジカルボン酸から合成されるもの及び/又はそれらの塩において、脂肪族ジアミン化合物と脂肪族ジカルボン酸化合物の組合せを使用することが好ましい。
ジアミンとジカルボン酸のモル比(ジアミン/ジカルボン酸)は0.9〜1.1の範囲が好ましく、0.93〜1.07の範囲がさらに好ましく、0.95〜1.05の範囲がより好ましく、0.97〜1.03の範囲が特に好ましい。この範囲から外れると高分子量化しにくくなる場合があるため好ましくない。
【0020】
ジアミンとジカルボン酸から合成されるもの及び/又はそれらの塩において、炭素数2〜22のジアミンの具体例としては、エチレンジアミン、トリメチレンジアミン、テトラメチレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、ヘプタメチレンジアミン、オクタメチレンジアミン、ノナメチレンジアミン、デカメチレンジアミン、ウンデカメチレンジアミン、ドデカメチレンジアミン、2,2,4−トリメチルヘキサメチレンジアミン、2,4,4−トリメチルヘキサメチレンジアミン、3−メチルペンタメチレンジアミンなどの炭素数2〜22の脂肪族ジアミンなどのジアミン化合物を挙げることが出来、
ジカルボン酸の具体例としては、シュウ酸、コハク酸、グルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ドデカン二酸のような炭素数2〜22の脂肪族ジカルボン酸などのジカルボン酸化合物を挙げることが出来る。
ラクタムとしては、ε−カプロラクタム、ω−エナントラクタム、ω−ウンデカラクタム、ω−ドデカラクタム、2−ピロリドンなどの炭素数4〜20の脂肪族ラクタムなどを挙げることが出来る。
ω−アミノカルボン酸としては、6−アミノカプロン酸、7−アミノヘプタン酸、8−アミノオクタン酸、10−アミノカプリン酸、11−アミノウンデカン酸、12−アミノドデカン酸などの炭素数4〜20の脂肪族ω−アミノカルボン酸などを挙げることが出来る。
【0021】
ポリアミドとしては、公知の種々のものを挙げることができる。例えば、環状アミドの開環重合、あるいはジカルボン酸とジアミンの重縮合などで得られる。モノマーとしては、ω−ラウロラクタム等の環状アミドを開環重合、ε−アミノカプロン酸、ω−アミノドデカン酸、ω−アミノウンデカン酸などのアミノ酸の重縮合で得られる。
【0022】
ポリアミドの一例として、ポリアミド10、ポリアミド11、ポリアミド12、ポリアミド14、ポリアミド16、ポリアミド12−6、ポリアミド12−66、ポリアミド12−4、ポリアミド11−6などポリアミド形成性モノマー(A)を50〜100重量%含むものを挙げることが出来る。
【0023】
本発明のポリアミド粒子は、ポリアミド、溶媒、水及び非溶媒とを混合して均一な溶液を製造し、該均一な溶液を製造後溶液温度5〜60℃で1分〜48時間の間で析出させる方法で製造することが出来る。
さらに本発明のポリアミド粒子は、ポリアミドと溶媒からなるポリアミド溶液と、水及び非溶媒とを混合して均一な溶液を製造し、該均一な溶液を製造後溶液温度5〜60℃で1分〜48時間の間で析出させる方法で製造することが出来る。
特に本発明のポリアミド粒子は、ポリアミドと良溶媒からなるポリアミド溶液と、水及び非溶媒とを混合して一時的に均一な溶液を作成し、該均一な溶液を製造後溶液温度5〜60℃で1分〜48時間の間で析出させる方法で製造することが出来る。
上記ポリアミド溶液、水及び非溶媒とを混合して均一な溶液を製造する場合、ポリアミド溶液50〜95重量%と、水及び非溶媒の合計量が5〜50重量%が好ましい。ポリアミド溶液、水及び非溶媒の合計100重量%に対し、水及び非溶媒の合計量が50重量%を超えると、重合体の析出時間が速く不定型粒子や塊状粒子あるいは比表面積の大きな多孔質粒子などが生成して、楕円状、筒状、ダンベル状または鼓状の形状を有する粒子が得られにくいため好ましくない。
【0024】
本発明のポリアミドの分子量は、好ましくは2,000〜100,000の範囲であり、さらに好ましくは5,000〜40,000の範囲である。
【0025】
ポリアミドの良溶媒としては、芳香族フェノール系溶媒、または有機酸などを挙げることが出来、具体例として、フェノール、0−クレゾール、m−クレゾール、p−クレゾール、クロロフェノールなどの芳香族フェノール系溶媒、蟻酸などの有機酸などを挙げることができる。
【0026】
本発明のポリアミド溶液は、ポリアミドが0.1〜30重量%と良溶媒が99.9〜70重量%が好ましく、さらにポリアミドが0.2〜25重量%と良溶媒が99.8〜75重量%の範囲が好ましい。ポリアミド溶液中でポリアミドの割合が30重量%を越えると、溶解しにくくなったり、均一な溶液にならないことがあり、さらに溶解しても溶液の粘度が高くなり、取扱いにくくなるので好ましくない。ポリアミドの割合が0.1重量%より低くなると、ポリマー濃度が低く、製品の生産性が低くなるので好ましくない。
【0027】
非溶媒は、ポリアミドを難溶性の水と混ざる溶媒を用いることが出来、特に炭素数1〜4の脂肪族アルコールが好ましい。
非溶媒の一例として、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノ−ル、イソプロパノ−ル、n−ブタノ−ル、2−ブタノール、tert−ブタノールなどの炭素数1〜4の脂肪族アルコールを挙げることが出来、これらの混合物を用いることができる。
非溶媒と水とを含むポリアミドの析出水溶液としては、非溶媒が50〜100重量%(100重量%を除く)と、水が0〜50重量%(0重量%を除く)からなることが好ましく、さらに好ましくは非溶媒が95〜50重量%と水が5〜50重量%からなることが好ましい。
上記析出水溶液は、水を含まない場合、ポリアミド粒子の析出が遅く、本発明の粒子形状が得られない。析出水溶液は、水を50重量%超えて含むと、得られるポリアミド粒子は凝集した粒子となり好ましくない。
【0028】
本発明において、ポリアミド溶液、水及び非溶媒の添加順序は、得られる混合溶液の均一性が保たれれば、特に制限はなく、ポリアミド溶液に水及び非溶媒を加えてもよく、水及び非溶媒にポリアミド溶液を加えてもよい。
本発明においては、ポリアミド溶液、水及び非溶媒の3者が肉眼で観察して、一時的に均一に相溶することが重要であり、ポリアミド溶液、水及び非溶媒のそれぞれの割合は、一時的に均一に相溶の溶液となる組成を選ぶ必要がある。これにより、均一相溶の溶液を形成させて、時間的な経過を経て、本発明のポリアミド粒子を析出させるものである。
【0029】
ポリアミド溶液と、水及び非溶媒との混合時間は、0.1秒〜240分程度が好ましく、さらに1秒〜120分間が好ましく、一時的にも均一に相溶することが重要である。ポリアミド溶液と析出水溶液との混合は、必要ならば、適当な撹拌を加えることができる。
本発明において、ポリアミド溶液と析出水溶液との混合物が均一な溶液を形成すると、その後撹拌の必要はなく、ポリアミド粒子が析出し始める時以降は、静置しておくことが好ましい。
【0030】
ポリアミド溶液と析出水溶液との均一な溶液からポリアミド粒子を析出させる温度は、5〜60℃が好ましい。温度によっては、溶液が均一になる組成範囲が広くなることがある。温度が5℃より低いと、均一になる領域が狭くなる溶媒組成の場合がある。温度が60℃より高いと、溶媒の蒸気圧が高くなり好ましくない。
ポリマーが析出するのに要する時間は、1分〜48時間の間が好ましく、さらに3分〜10時間が好ましい。
【0031】
析出したポリアミド粒子は、溶液から遠心分離、濾過、デカンテイションなどの通常の方法で分離することができる。例えば、縣濁した溶液を、メタノールなどで希釈して、遠心分離に掛けてもよい。数回メタノールで洗浄して遠心分離に掛けてもよい。次に熱風乾燥、真空乾燥に供してもよい。
【0032】
本発明のポリアミド粒子は触媒担持体、粉体塗料、電子写真のトナーなどの工業材料、化粧品などの日用品などに、またエレクトロニクス用、医療用、食品工業分野用の機能性粒子として用いることができる。
【0033】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。粒子形状、比表面積などの測定は次のようにして行った。
【0034】
・粒子の観察:走査型電子顕微鏡写真(拡大倍率5000倍)を用いて、写真より粒子20個を任意で選び、その粒子形状を観察し、粒子長及び粒子径を測定する。粒子長及び粒子径は、20個の平均値とする。
【0035】
・比表面積:粒子の比表面積は、窒素吸着によるBET法で3点測定で行う。
【0036】
[実施例1]
ポリアミド12(宇部興産製3014U,分子量14,000)を、濃度2重量%m−クレゾール溶液とした。ポリアミドのm−クレゾール溶液50重量部に、1−プロパノール25重量部と水25重量部とを、マグネチックスターラーで攪拌しながら添加し、均一に相溶した溶液を得た。攪拌を停止し、溶液を静置し、静置30分後にポリマーが析出してきた。温度は25℃で行った。静置24時間後に、デカンテイションして、遠心分離でポリマー粒子を分離した。得られた粒子を洗浄した後、走査型電子顕微鏡にて観察し、その写真を図1に示す。
【0037】
得られた粒子を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、ダンベル状粒子であった。その粒子長は、2.65μmであり、変動係数は12%であり、L/dは4.5であった。粒子径の分布がシャープな、分散性に優れた粒子であった。比表面積は3.5m/gであった。
【0038】
[実施例2]
ポリアミドクレゾール溶液63重量部、1−プロパノ−ル31重量部、水6重量部としたほかは、実施例1と同様にした。得られた粒子を観察したところ、ダンベル状の分散性の優れた粒子であった。粒子長は、3.8μm、変動係数は13%であり、L/dは4.1であった.比表面積は3.6m/gであった。得られた粒子を洗浄した後、走査型電子顕微鏡にて観察し、その写真を図2に示す。
【0039】
[実施例3]
ポリアミド12−6共重合体(宇部興産製7115u、ポリアミド12 重量%含有)を用いた以外は、実施例2と同様にしてポリマー粒子を得た。ダンベル状粒子であり、粒子長は、2.3μm、変動係数は10%であり、L/dは4.4であった.比表面積は5.6m/gであった。
【0040】
[比較例1]
ポリアミド6(宇部興産製1030B、分子量13、000)を、濃度2重量%m−クレゾール溶液14重量とし、メタノール72重量部と、水14重量部を添加して攪拌し、均一な溶液になった。1時間後に析出したポリマーをろ過した。得られたポリマーを走査型電子顕微鏡で観察すると、粒子径は、8.4μmの球状粒子であった。比表面積は10.6m/gであった。
【0041】
[比較例2]
ポリアミド12の2重量%のクレゾール溶液40重量部に、1−プロパノ−ル40重量部、水20重量部としたほかは、実施例1と同様にした。得られた析出物は、無定形の粒子が凝集した塊状となっていた。
【0042】
[比較例3]
ポリアミド12の2重量%のクレゾール溶液67重量部に、1−プロパノ−ル33重量部を添加し、水を加えなかったほかは実施例1と同様にした。溶液は均一になったが、2日間経過してもポリアミドは析出しなかった。
【0043】
【発明の効果】
本発明のポリアミド粒子は、特定の形状を有し、特定の粒子長及び粒子径であり、粒子径分布が狭い、均一で、分散性の優れた粒子である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施例1で得られたポリアミド粒子の走査型電子顕微鏡写真である。
【図2】本発明の実施例2で得られたポリアミド粒子の走査型電子顕微鏡写真である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cylindrical or dumbbell-shaped polyamide particle having an appropriate porosity with excellent dispersibility and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As for spherical particles, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-70598 discloses that a solution of nylon 11 is sprayed in a molten state and then cooled to obtain a powder.
JP-A-6-256529 discloses polymer particles for cosmetics and toners, comprising dissolving a resin in a non-aqueous solvent, adding a specific proportion of a poor solvent, and adding a second non-aqueous solvent. Is disclosed.
JP-A-8-73602 discloses a production method for obtaining spherical polyamide particles by using lactam as an insoluble polymerization medium as a powder for coating.
[0003]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-215838 discloses a method for producing polymer particles, characterized in that a polymer such as polyester and a solvent are heated to above the melting point and then cooled to above the melting point to obtain polymer particles.
Japanese Patent No. 3165184 discloses a method characterized by heating and dissolving a polymer such as nylon, ethylene glycol and a polar solvent in a dissolving tank, and then cooling to obtain specific spherical polymer particles.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-316206 discloses a technique in which a polyamide is dissolved in a solvent and water which are first dissolved under high temperature and pressure, and separated and precipitated.
[0004]
As a method for obtaining porous particles, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-278541 discloses a method in which a polymer solution is sprayed into a gas phase, charged, cooled, and immersed in a coagulation liquid to obtain porous uniform polymer particles. It has been disclosed.
JP-A-3-26729 discloses a method for obtaining porous polymer particles by crystallization with two kinds of solvents and non-solvents having different hydrogen bond indexes.
As a porous particle, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-230630 discloses a method characterized in that the lactam is produced at a supersaturated temperature by anionic polymerization of lactam. Japanese Patent No. 2568392 discloses that a single spherulite particle is obtained by dissolving at a high temperature in a phase separation solvent and then cooling to induce phase separation.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As for polyamide particles, those relating to spherical particles and porous particles are disclosed. These are used as daily necessities such as cosmetics and adsorbents, or as industrial materials such as powder coatings, abrasives and catalyst carriers.
[0006]
Elliptical, cylindrical, dumbbell-shaped or drum-shaped particles have a large coefficient of friction unlike spherical particles.
An object of the present invention is to provide polyamide particles having an appropriate porosity, which are particles having an elliptical shape, a cylindrical shape, a dumbbell shape, or a drum shape, and a method for producing the same.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the particle length is 0.5 to 25 μm, the L / D (particle length / particle diameter) is 3 to 50, and the specific surface area is 0.1 to 10 m 2 / g. To provide a polyamide particle having the following properties.
[0008]
A second aspect of the present invention is that the polyamide particles comprise a polyamide synthesized from 50 to 100% by weight of the amide-forming monomer (A) and 0 to 50% by weight of the amide-forming monomer (B), and the amide-forming monomer (A) is made of carbon. To provide polyamide particles, which are amide-forming monomers of Formulas 9 to 22, and wherein the amide-forming monomer (B) is an amide-forming monomer having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
[0009]
The third aspect of the present invention is that the polyamide particles are prepared by mixing a polyamide solution comprising a polyamide and a solvent and a polyamide non-solution containing water and a non-solvent to produce a uniform solution, and forming the uniform solution into a solution. A polyamide particle which is a polyamide particle which is precipitated at a temperature of 5 to 60 ° C. for 1 minute to 48 hours.
[0010]
A fourth aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for producing polyamide particles according to the first or second aspect.
[0011]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
The polyamide particles of the present invention have a particle length of 0.5 to 25 μm, an L / D (particle length / particle diameter) of 3 to 50, and a specific surface area of 0.1 to 10 m 2 / g. Polyamide particles.
The polyamide particles of the present invention are particles having an elliptical, cylindrical, dumbbell-like or drum-like shape.
[0012]
The particle length of the polyamide particles is 0.5 to 25 μm, preferably 1 to 10 μm, more preferably 1 to 8 μm, and particularly preferably 1 to 5 μm.
[0013]
The L / D (particle length / particle diameter) of the polyamide particles is in the range of 3 to 50, preferably in the range of 3 to 20, more preferably in the range of 3 to 15, and particularly preferably in the range of 3 to 10.
Here, L / D is a value obtained by dividing the particle length by the particle diameter, and the particle diameter is the particle diameter near the center of the particle. For example, the particle diameter is the diameter of the central part of the elliptical and cylindrical particles, and the diameter of the narrow part of the central part of the dumbbell-shaped and drum-shaped particles.
[0014]
The specific surface area of the polyamide particles is 0.1 to 10 m 2 / g, preferably 0.5 to 8 m 2 / g, more preferably 1 to 7 m 2 / g, and particularly preferably 2 to 6 m 2 / g.
[0015]
The variation coefficient of the particle length distribution of the polyamide particles is preferably 20% or less, more preferably 15% or less. If the variation coefficient of the distribution of the particle length of the polyamide particles exceeds 20%, the dispersion of the particle length distribution is large, it is difficult to obtain a uniform product, and the friction coefficient is undesirably high. The coefficient of variation of the distribution of the particle length of the polyamide particles can be calculated according to equation (1).
(Equation 1)
Figure 2004051751
[0016]
The polyamide particles preferably comprise a polyamide synthesized from 50 to 100% by weight of the amide-forming monomer (A) and 0 to 50% by weight of the amide-forming monomer (B).
More preferably, it comprises a polyamide synthesized from 60 to 100% by weight of the amide-forming monomer (A) and 0 to 40% by weight of the amide-forming monomer (B).
It is particularly preferable to use a polyamide synthesized from 65 to 100% by weight of the amide-forming monomer (A) and 0 to 35% by weight of the amide-forming monomer (B). If the amide-forming monomer (A) of the polyamide is less than 50% by weight, crystallization is likely to occur, and spherical particles are obtained, which is not preferable.
[0017]
The polyamide-forming monomer (A) is synthesized from an ω-aminocarboxylic acid having 9 to 22 carbon atoms, a lactam having 9 to 22 carbon atoms, or a diamine having 9 to 22 carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid having 9 to 22 carbon atoms. A polyamide-forming monomer containing at least one kind of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic selected from the group consisting of a compound and a salt thereof is used.
[0018]
The polyamide-forming monomer (B) is synthesized from an ω-aminocarboxylic acid having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, a lactam having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, or a diamine having 2 to 8 carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. A polyamide-forming monomer containing at least one kind of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic selected from the group consisting of a compound and a salt thereof is used.
The polyamide particles of the present invention are preferably polyamide particles composed of an aliphatic and / or alicyclic group.
[0019]
In a compound synthesized from a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof, examples of the diamine include at least one diamine compound selected from aliphatic diamines, alicyclic diamines, aromatic diamines, and derivatives thereof. Done,
Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include at least one dicarboxylic acid compound selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, alicyclic dicarboxylic acids, aromatic dicarboxylic acids, and derivatives thereof.
In particular, in a compound synthesized from a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof, it is preferable to use a combination of an aliphatic diamine compound and an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound.
The molar ratio of diamine to dicarboxylic acid (diamine / dicarboxylic acid) is preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.1, more preferably in the range of 0.93 to 1.07, and more preferably in the range of 0.95 to 1.05. The range of 0.97 to 1.03 is particularly preferable. Outside of this range, it is difficult to increase the molecular weight, which is not preferable.
[0020]
Specific examples of the diamine having 2 to 22 carbon atoms in a compound synthesized from a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid and / or a salt thereof include ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, and octamethylene. Carbon such as diamine, nonamethylenediamine, decamethylenediamine, undecamethylenediamine, dodecamethylenediamine, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, and 3-methylpentamethylenediamine Diamine compounds such as aliphatic diamines of 2 to 22 can be mentioned,
Specific examples of dicarboxylic acids include oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 2 to 22 carbon atoms such as dodecane diacid. Dicarboxylic acid compounds can be mentioned.
Examples of the lactam include aliphatic lactams having 4 to 20 carbon atoms such as ε-caprolactam, ω-enantholactam, ω-undecalactam, ω-dodecalactam, and 2-pyrrolidone.
Examples of the ω-aminocarboxylic acid include those having 4 to 20 carbon atoms such as 6-aminocaproic acid, 7-aminoheptanoic acid, 8-aminooctanoic acid, 10-aminocapric acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, and 12-aminododecanoic acid. Examples thereof include aliphatic ω-aminocarboxylic acids.
[0021]
Various known polyamides can be used as the polyamide. For example, it can be obtained by ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic amide or polycondensation of a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine. The monomer can be obtained by ring-opening polymerization of a cyclic amide such as ω-laurolactam or polycondensation of an amino acid such as ε-aminocaproic acid, ω-aminododecanoic acid or ω-aminoundecanoic acid.
[0022]
As an example of the polyamide, a polyamide-forming monomer (A) such as polyamide 10, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, polyamide 14, polyamide 16, polyamide 12-6, polyamide 12-66, polyamide 12-4, and polyamide 11-6 may be 50 to 50%. Those containing 100% by weight can be mentioned.
[0023]
The polyamide particles of the present invention are prepared by mixing a polyamide, a solvent, water and a non-solvent to produce a uniform solution, and depositing the uniform solution at a solution temperature of 5 to 60 ° C. for 1 minute to 48 hours after the production. It can be manufactured by the method of causing.
Furthermore, the polyamide particles of the present invention are prepared by mixing a polyamide solution comprising a polyamide and a solvent with water and a non-solvent to produce a uniform solution, and after producing the uniform solution, at a solution temperature of 5 to 60 ° C. for 1 minute to It can be produced by a method of precipitating for 48 hours.
Particularly, the polyamide particles of the present invention are prepared by temporarily mixing a polyamide solution composed of a polyamide and a good solvent with water and a non-solvent to form a uniform solution. For 1 minute to 48 hours.
When a uniform solution is produced by mixing the above polyamide solution, water and a non-solvent, the total amount of the polyamide solution is preferably 50 to 95% by weight and the total amount of water and the non-solvent is 5 to 50% by weight. If the total amount of water and non-solvent exceeds 50% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of polyamide solution, water and non-solvent in total, polymer precipitation time is short, and irregular particles, aggregated particles or porous material having large specific surface area are used. It is not preferable because particles or the like are generated and it is difficult to obtain particles having an elliptical shape, a cylindrical shape, a dumbbell shape, or a drum shape.
[0024]
The molecular weight of the polyamide of the present invention is preferably in the range of 2,000 to 100,000, and more preferably in the range of 5,000 to 40,000.
[0025]
Examples of good polyamide solvents include aromatic phenol solvents and organic acids. Specific examples include aromatic phenol solvents such as phenol, 0-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, and chlorophenol. And organic acids such as formic acid.
[0026]
In the polyamide solution of the present invention, the polyamide is preferably 0.1 to 30% by weight and the good solvent is preferably 99.9 to 70% by weight, and further the polyamide is 0.2 to 25% by weight and the good solvent is 99.8 to 75% by weight. % Is preferred. If the proportion of the polyamide in the polyamide solution exceeds 30% by weight, it may be difficult to dissolve, or the solution may not be uniform, and even if dissolved, the viscosity of the solution increases, which is not preferable because it becomes difficult to handle. If the proportion of the polyamide is lower than 0.1% by weight, the polymer concentration is low and the productivity of the product is low, such being undesirable.
[0027]
As the non-solvent, a solvent in which the polyamide is mixed with hardly soluble water can be used, and an aliphatic alcohol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
Examples of non-solvents include aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol. These mixtures can be used.
As the aqueous solution of polyamide containing a non-solvent and water, it is preferable that the non-solvent comprises 50 to 100% by weight (excluding 100% by weight) and the water comprises 0 to 50% by weight (excluding 0% by weight). More preferably, the non-solvent comprises 95 to 50% by weight and the water comprises 5 to 50% by weight.
When the aqueous precipitation solution does not contain water, precipitation of polyamide particles is slow, and the particle shape of the present invention cannot be obtained. If the aqueous precipitation solution contains more than 50% by weight of water, the resulting polyamide particles will be undesirably aggregated particles.
[0028]
In the present invention, the order of addition of the polyamide solution, water and non-solvent is not particularly limited as long as uniformity of the obtained mixed solution is maintained, and water and non-solvent may be added to the polyamide solution. A polyamide solution may be added to the solvent.
In the present invention, it is important that the polyamide solution, water, and the non-solvent are visually and visually observed and that they are temporarily and uniformly compatible. It is necessary to select a composition that results in a homogeneously compatible solution. Thereby, a homogeneously compatible solution is formed, and the polyamide particles of the present invention are precipitated over time.
[0029]
The mixing time of the polyamide solution with water and a non-solvent is preferably about 0.1 second to 240 minutes, more preferably 1 second to 120 minutes, and it is important that the polyamide solution is temporarily and homogeneously compatible. The mixing of the polyamide solution and the aqueous precipitation solution can be performed, if necessary, with appropriate stirring.
In the present invention, when the mixture of the polyamide solution and the aqueous precipitation solution forms a uniform solution, there is no need to stir thereafter, and it is preferable that the polyamide particles be left standing after the polyamide particles start to precipitate.
[0030]
The temperature at which the polyamide particles are precipitated from a uniform solution of the polyamide solution and the aqueous precipitation solution is preferably 5 to 60C. Depending on the temperature, the composition range in which the solution is uniform may be widened. If the temperature is lower than 5 ° C., the solvent composition may be such that the uniform region becomes narrow. If the temperature is higher than 60 ° C., the vapor pressure of the solvent increases, which is not preferable.
The time required for the polymer to precipitate is preferably between 1 minute and 48 hours, and more preferably between 3 minutes and 10 hours.
[0031]
The precipitated polyamide particles can be separated from the solution by a usual method such as centrifugation, filtration, decantation and the like. For example, the suspended solution may be diluted with methanol or the like and centrifuged. It may be washed several times with methanol and centrifuged. Next, it may be subjected to hot air drying and vacuum drying.
[0032]
The polyamide particles of the present invention can be used as catalyst carrier, powder coating, industrial materials such as toner for electrophotography, daily necessities such as cosmetics, and as functional particles for electronics, medical use, and food industry. .
[0033]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. The measurement of the particle shape, the specific surface area and the like was performed as follows.
[0034]
Observation of particles: Using a scanning electron microscope photograph (magnification: 5000 times), arbitrarily select 20 particles from the photograph, observe the particle shape, and measure the particle length and particle diameter. The particle length and particle diameter are average values of 20 particles.
[0035]
Specific surface area: The specific surface area of the particles is measured at three points by the BET method using nitrogen adsorption.
[0036]
[Example 1]
Polyamide 12 (Ube Industries, Ltd., 3014U, molecular weight 14,000) was used as a 2% by weight m-cresol solution. To 50 parts by weight of an m-cresol solution of polyamide, 25 parts by weight of 1-propanol and 25 parts by weight of water were added while stirring with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a uniformly compatible solution. The stirring was stopped, the solution was allowed to stand, and after 30 minutes, the polymer was precipitated. The temperature was 25 ° C. After 24 hours, the polymer particles were decanted and separated by centrifugation. After washing the obtained particles, they were observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the photograph is shown in FIG.
[0037]
Observation of the obtained particles with a scanning electron microscope revealed that the particles were dumbbell-shaped particles. The particle length was 2.65 μm, the coefficient of variation was 12%, and L / d was 4.5. The particles had a sharp particle size distribution and were excellent in dispersibility. The specific surface area was 3.5 m 2 / g.
[0038]
[Example 2]
Example 1 was repeated except that the polyamide cresol solution was 63 parts by weight, 1-propanol was 31 parts by weight, and water was 6 parts by weight. Observation of the obtained particles revealed that the particles were dumbbell-shaped and excellent in dispersibility. The particle length was 3.8 μm, the coefficient of variation was 13%, and the L / d was 4.1. The specific surface area was 3.6 m 2 / g. After washing the obtained particles, they were observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the photograph is shown in FIG.
[0039]
[Example 3]
Polymer particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a polyamide 12-6 copolymer (7115u manufactured by Ube Industries, containing 12% by weight of polyamide) was used. The particles were dumbbell-shaped particles, the particle length was 2.3 μm, the coefficient of variation was 10%, and the L / d was 4.4. The specific surface area was 5.6 m 2 / g.
[0040]
[Comparative Example 1]
Polyamide 6 (Ube Industries, Ltd., 1030B, molecular weight 13,000) was converted into a 14% by weight solution of m-cresol at a concentration of 2% by weight, and 72 parts by weight of methanol and 14 parts by weight of water were added and stirred to form a uniform solution. . After 1 hour, the precipitated polymer was filtered. Observation of the obtained polymer with a scanning electron microscope showed that the polymer was spherical particles having a particle diameter of 8.4 μm. The specific surface area was 10.6 m 2 / g.
[0041]
[Comparative Example 2]
Example 1 was repeated except that 40 parts by weight of a 2% by weight cresol solution of polyamide 12 was 40 parts by weight of 1-propanol and 20 parts by weight of water. The resulting precipitate was in the form of agglomerates of amorphous particles.
[0042]
[Comparative Example 3]
33 parts by weight of 1-propanol was added to 67 parts by weight of a 2% by weight cresol solution of polyamide 12 in the same manner as in Example 1 except that water was not added. The solution became homogeneous, but no polyamide was precipitated after 2 days.
[0043]
【The invention's effect】
The polyamide particles of the present invention are particles having a specific shape, specific particle length and particle size, narrow particle size distribution, uniformity, and excellent dispersibility.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a polyamide particle obtained in Example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the polyamide particles obtained in Example 2 of the present invention.

Claims (4)

粒子長が0.5〜25μmで、L/D(粒子長/粒子径)が3〜50で、比表面積が0.1〜10m/gであることを特徴とするポリアミド粒子。A polyamide particle having a particle length of 0.5 to 25 μm, an L / D (particle length / particle diameter) of 3 to 50, and a specific surface area of 0.1 to 10 m 2 / g. ポリアミド粒子が、アミド形成モノマー(A)50〜100重量%及びアミド形成モノマー(B)0〜50重量%から合成されるポリアミドからなり、アミド形成モノマー(A)が炭素数9〜22のアミド形成モノマーであり、アミド形成モノマー(B)が炭素数2〜8のアミド形成モノマーであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のポリアミド粒子。The polyamide particles are composed of a polyamide synthesized from 50 to 100% by weight of the amide-forming monomer (A) and 0 to 50% by weight of the amide-forming monomer (B), and the amide-forming monomer (A) has 9 to 22 carbon atoms. The polyamide particles according to claim 1, which are monomers, and wherein the amide-forming monomer (B) is an amide-forming monomer having 2 to 8 carbon atoms. ポリアミド粒子が、ポリアミドと溶媒からなるポリアミド溶液と、水と非溶媒とを含むポリアミド非溶液とを混合して均一な溶液を製造し、該均一な溶液を製造後溶液温度5〜60℃で1分〜48時間の間で析出するポリアミド粒子であることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2のいずれか1項に記載のポリアミド粒子。Polyamide particles are mixed with a polyamide solution comprising a polyamide and a solvent, and a polyamide non-solution containing water and a non-solvent to produce a uniform solution. The polyamide particles according to claim 1, wherein the polyamide particles precipitate during a period of minutes to 48 hours. 請求項1又は請求項2に記載のポリアミド粒子の製造方法。A method for producing the polyamide particles according to claim 1.
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