JP2004044329A

JP2004044329A - Panel for coupled-fame stuffed with earth and rock, and coupled-frame stuffed with earth and rock

Info

Publication number: JP2004044329A
Application number: JP2002217483A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Koichi Kitahara; 北原　耕一; Hisashi Yasuda; 安田　久
Original assignee: Hitachi Metals Ltd
Current assignee: Proterial Ltd
Priority date: 2002-05-21
Filing date: 2002-07-26
Publication date: 2004-02-12

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a low-cost coupled-frame stuffed with earth and rocks, which is used as a structure for protecting shores, has a bottom and a lid and components of few kinds, and for which a partition panel can be dispensed with. <P>SOLUTION: Oblong panels for the coupled-frame are coupled with each other to form the coupled-frame using coupling structures which enables the coupling using separate coupling members. In coupling the panels, a pair of the coupling structures are arranged on short sides of the coupled-frame opposite to each other, respectively, and n pairs (n stands for natural number) of the coupling structures are arranged alternately on long sides of the coupled frame opposite to each other, respectively. In another embodiment, the panels with holed couplers whose axes are not coaxial are coupled via a bar-shaped material having a hooked part to form the coupled-frame. Further, when the coupled-frame is formed by inserting a pin into holed couplers, the alignment of the axis of the pin and that of the hole of the couplers are shifted upon inserting the pin so as to prevent the drop out of the pin while keeping the panels coupled together. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、護岸、護床、魚道、魚礁などに使用され、砕石、または土砂などを収納する土石中詰め組枠用パネルおよび土石中詰め組枠に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
自然災害により河岸が崩壊するのを未然に防止する護岸や、河床洗掘を防止する護床向けの構造物としてコンクリートブロックなどのコンクリート製構造物が使用されてきた。しかしながら、コンクリート製構造物は、改正河川法等が推奨する河川の自然環境保護において、植生、水棲生物の育成には適していない。また護岸や護床は、コンクリートブロックの形成面に見られるような画一的な形ではなく多様な形状をしていることが自然本来の姿であることが指摘されている。このため、河川に草木や藻類などを発生、育成するように植生環境を保全し、これに水棲微小生物、魚類などが生息できるようにして、多種多様の生態系を形成するような護岸等の工法の開発が求められてきている。
【０００３】
生態系を形成する護岸等の工法として、鉄線籠を組枠とし、これに砕石を入れて河岸に設置し、これに土砂を堆積させる旧来工法が見直されている。しかし、この工法は土石を充填する際に充填質量に耐えられず鉄線籠が変形して土石が流出したり、急流部や洪水などで大きな水勢を受けた場合に鉄線籠が変形して土石が流出したり、鉄線籠の腐食が進行して強度が低下して一部が破損することで土石が流出したりするなど、組枠の耐久性や安定性が低い。また、鉄線籠は炭素量が低い軟鋼からなるので、炭素を好むバクテリアが表面に付着せず、漁礁として用いることができない。
【０００４】
これを改善しようと、特許第３０４９３５５号公報には、複数の平面枠同士を連結した護岸用等の組枠において、各平面枠と連結部を一体的に鋳造した鋳鉄材で形成すると共に、別部材の数種類のくさびを連結片として平面枠の連結部に打ち込んで連結する開示がある。この特許第３０４９３５５号公報に開示された組枠によれば、耐久性が著しく向上でき、現場での組み立て・施工を容易に行うことができ、生物が棲息するのに最適な環境を創り出せるとしている。
【０００５】
また別の特開２０００−２２０１２４号公報には、組枠の枠材であって、（ａ）略方形のパネル本体と、（ｂ）パネル本体に形成された遮土石部と、（ｃ）パネル本体の一方の垂直側面に配設された第１の連結部材と、（ｄ）パネル本体の他方の垂直側面に配設された第２の連結部材とからなり、パネル本体の垂直側面に配設された第１または第２の連結部材に、別のパネル本体を持ち上げて、別のパネル本体の垂直側面に配設された第１または第２の連結部材を挿入して組み立てる開示がある。この特開２０００−２２０１２４号公報の枠材によれば、施工現場に障害物が多くて、曲面状の法面を形成する必要がある場合に、現場の状況に適合させ変形して施工することが可能であり、連結強度が強く、連結材を不要として施工時に作業者が枠体を連結し忘れることのない組枠が得られるとしている。
【０００６】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
組枠は、組枠下の地盤洗掘や河川の水面変動、水流等により中詰め土石が流出しないよう、底面や上面に底枠や蓋枠を設置することが望ましい。また、組枠の開き防止と強度保持のために土石中詰め空間を一定間隔で仕切る必要がある。しかしながら、特許第３０４９３５５号公報に開示の組枠は、底体（底枠）と蓋体（天井枠）を設けて用いてもよいとしているが、底体と蓋体の連結方法に関しては何ら具体的な記述はない。仮に底体と蓋体を設けるにしても、くさび締結では平面枠や連結片の種類が増えるために鋳造金型や製品の管理費用がかさむ。また、組枠（護岸用カゴ枠）内の仕切りをすべて平面枠によって構成するため、高コストとなる。一方、特開２０００−２２０１２４号公報に記載の組枠は、底枠と蓋枠を設置する構造になっておらず、また、組枠内を仕切るのにパネル本体を使用するため高コストになる。
【０００７】
本発明の目的は、上記課題に鑑みてなされたもので、底部と蓋部とを有し、構成部材の種類が少ない低コストの土石中詰め組枠を得ることにある。また、本発明の他の目的は組枠内の仕切りパネルを省くことが可能な土石中詰め組枠を得ることにある。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の目的を達成するために本発明に係る土石中詰め組枠用パネル（以下、単に「パネル」という）は、４辺に継ぎ手構造を配設する長方形の土石中詰め組枠用パネルにおいて、他パネルと組合せる際に、別体の連結部材を用いてお互いに連結可能な２種類の継ぎ手構造が向かい合う辺にそれぞれ配設されていることを特徴とする。
【０００９】
４辺に継ぎ手構造を配設する長方形のパネルにおいて、他パネルと組合せる際に、別体の連結部材を用いてお互いに連結可能な２種類の継ぎ手構造を長方形のパネルの向かい合う辺にそれぞれ配設することにより、パネルを配置する方向（パネルの向き）を同一にすることで、連結しようとする隣り合うパネル同士の辺には、連結可能な組合せとなる２種類の継ぎ手構造が必然的に配置されることになる。土石中詰め組枠（以下、単に「組枠」という）の組み立て作業において、連結しようとする隣り合うパネル同士の辺での継ぎ構造を連結不可能な組合せを廃除して、連結可能な組合せを選択することは、作業者に気苦労を強いるばかりか、パネルの取り回しに無駄な時間と労力を費やすこととなり、組み立て手順が複雑となる。本発明に係るパネルではパネルの向きを一定にするだけで連結可能な組合せとなる２種類の継ぎ手構造を配置できるので、作業者の気苦労を軽減し、組み立て手順が簡単になる。このことは、組枠の側壁などパネルの辺の延長方向にパネルを延設して連結していく場合のほか、組枠の側壁についてロ字状の４面にパネルを延設して連結する場合に有効であり、これらの場合、全てのパネルの向きを一定にすることで連結可能な継ぎ手構造の配置が容易に得られる。また、組枠の底部と蓋部とが連結される側壁のパネルの辺に、継ぎ手構造を配設することにより、底部と蓋部とを連結することが可能となる。これにより、底部と蓋部とを有する組枠を１種類のパネルで形成できるので、構成部材の種類が少ない低コストな組枠を得られる。
【００１０】
さらに本発明に係る土石中詰め組枠用パネルは、４辺に継ぎ手構造を配設する長方形のパネルにおいて、他パネルと組合せる際に、別体の連結部材を用いてお互いに連結可能な２種類の継ぎ手構造を向かい合う短辺にそれぞれ配設し、前記２種類の継ぎ手構造が前記パネルの長辺に向かい合うように交互にｎ組（ｎは自然数）配設されていることを特徴とする。
【００１１】
４辺に継ぎ手構造を配設する長方形のパネルにおいて、他パネルと組合せる際に、別体の連結部材を用いてお互いに連結可能な２種類の継ぎ手構造を長方形のパネルの向かい合う短辺にそれぞれ配設することにより、前述したようにパネルの向きを同一にすることで、連結しようとする隣り合うパネル同士の辺には、連結可能な組合せとなる２種類の継ぎ手構造が必然的に配置されることになるので、作業者の気苦労を軽減し、組み立て手順が簡単になる。
【００１２】
また、前記２種類の継ぎ手構造を前記パネルの長辺に向かい合うように交互にｎ組（ｎとは自然数である）配設することにより、長辺にｎ個の他のパネルの短辺を連結することが可能となる。側壁のパネルの長辺に底部のパネルや蓋部のパネルの短辺を連結する場合、側壁のパネルの長辺には２種類の継ぎ手構造を千鳥状に交互にｎ組配設しているので、底部、蓋部においても、そのパネルの向きが１８０°回転して交互に並べられることになる。従って、底部、蓋部においても、連結しようとする隣り合うパネル同士の長辺には、連結可能な組合せとなる２種類の継ぎ手構造が交互にｎ組配置されることになるので、底部、蓋部のパネルの長辺同士の連結が可能となる。これにより、底部と蓋部とを有する組枠を１種類のパネルにて形成できるので、構成部材の種類が少ない低コストな組枠を得られる。
【００１３】
さらに本発明に係る土石中詰め組枠用パネルは、パネルに配設した穴継ぎ手にピンを挿入することによって複数のパネルを連結する土石中詰め組枠用パネルにおいて、穴継ぎ手に２以上の穴が設置されていることを特徴とする。
【００１４】
穴継ぎ手に２以上の穴を設置すれば、パネルの連結方向を２以上の方向にすることが可能となる。また、穴の設置数分のパネルを連結できるので、複雑な構造の組枠を１種類のパネルにて低コストに得ることができる。例えば、穴継ぎ手に２個の穴を設置すれば、穴継ぎ手の１個の穴を、パネルの辺の延長方向へのパネルの連結に使い、残った穴継ぎ手の１個の穴を前記延長方向に対して、直角方向へのパネルの連結に使うことで３枚のパネルをＴ字状に連結するなど、パネルの連結方向を２方向に分岐することが可能となる。また、組枠の組み立て作業において、パネルの辺の延長方向と直角方向とで異なる穴を使うので、例えば、先に延長方向を連結し、その後、直角方向を連結したり、その逆の手順で連結するなど組み立て手順を自在にできる。
【００１５】
さらに本発明に用いられる土石中詰め組枠用パネルは、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材からなることが好ましい。パネルが球状黒鉛鋳鉄材であれば、護岸、漁礁等として設置した後に、パネル表面から光合成生物にとって必要な、栄養塩の成分であるＳｉや必須微量元素のＦｅなどの成分が溶出して、植物や魚を含めた多様な生物にとって有効な栄養水（ミネラル水）を創り出し、バクテリアが付着して水質を浄化し、また藻の繁殖を促進して生物が棲息するのに最適な環境となる。また、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材は、鋳型を用いて低コストで量産することができる。
【００１６】
さらに、本発明に係る土石中詰め組枠は、前記の穴継ぎ手に２以上の穴が設置されていることを特徴とする土石中詰め組枠用パネルからなる土石中詰め組枠において、連結している穴継ぎ手の中心軸が同軸上にないパネル同士が棒状体により連結されていることを特徴とする。
【００１７】
ここで、連結している穴継ぎ手の中心軸が同軸上にないパネル同士とは、組枠の側壁を構成し、▲１▼隣接せず向かい合う面に配置されるパネル同士と、▲２▼隣接して配置されるパネル同士の２通りを意味する。まず、前者▲１▼の隣接せず向かい合う面に配置されるパネル同士の連結について説明する。組枠の開き防止と強度確保のためには、土石中詰め空間を一定間隔でパネルからなる仕切り壁で仕切って組枠の向かい合う面のパネル同士を連結する構造がとられる。しかし、仕切り壁には組枠の開きを防止する機能と強度があればよく、パネルからなる仕切り壁を用いなくても、棒状体により連結することで仕切り壁の機能と強度を満足できる。これにより仕切りパネルを省くことが可能な組枠を得られる。また、仕切りパネルを省略することで低コストな組枠を得られる。
【００１８】
次に、後者▲２▼の隣接して配置されるパネル同士の連結について説明する。一般に、帯状に長い組枠を組み立てる場合、組枠の設置場所でパネルを連結しながら長い組枠を組み立てて護岸、漁礁等を構築するという工法がとられている。しかし、組枠を順序よく組み立ててゆく必要があり大幅な工期短縮は難しく、また、組枠の設置場所でこれを組み立てるためには、広い作業スペースを確保する必要があり、河川や海では水路の迂回や水のせき止めに多大な作業工数を要する。本発明に係る土石中詰め組枠によれば、隣接して配置される組枠を連結する際、組枠を構成するパネルに配設された穴継ぎ手の中心軸を、同軸上に配置しなくとも、棒状体によりパネル同士、いい換えれば組枠同士の連結が可能となる。従って、比較的小さな組枠を、予め組枠の設置場所以外の陸上などで組み立て、これを起重機で組枠の設置場所に吊り降ろしたり、積み上げたりする工法をとれる。これにより護岸、漁礁等の施工作業と組枠の組み立て作業とを並行して進行させることが可能となり、組枠の設置場所での広い作業スペースも不要となるので、大幅な工期短縮が可能となる。
【００１９】
棒状体としては、鉤状部を両端に配した構造とし、この両端の鉤状部をパネルに配設した穴継手に挿入することで、パネル同士を連結できる。棒状体の断面形状は、円、楕円、三角形、多角形の中実、中空、或はＬ字、Ｖ字、コの字、Ｕ字の何れにしてもよい。特にコストの面からは、一般に流通し、市販されている単一の外径からなる断面形状が略円形の構造用棒鋼を、所定長さに切断し、この両端を鉤状に屈曲して棒状体とすることが好ましい。また、パネルに配設した穴継ぎ手に２以上の穴を設置すれば、１の穴継ぎ手を用いて、組枠の向かい合う面のパネル同士を棒状体で連結して仕切りパネルを省くと同時に、組枠の隣り合うパネル同士をピンで連結して組枠を延設できるので、穴継ぎ手の数を増やす必要がなく低コストな組枠が得られる。
【００２０】
さらに本発明に係る土石中詰め組枠は、パネルに配設した穴継ぎ手にピンを挿入することによって複数のパネルを連結する土石中詰め組枠において、ピンの中心軸と穴継ぎ手の穴中心軸がずれていることを特徴とする。
【００２１】
パネルの連結を穴継ぎ手とピンによって行う場合、ピンは穴継ぎ手に挿入できるように、その外径を穴の内径より小径にした軸部と、挿入後ピンが抜け出ないようその外径を穴の内径より大径にした頭部とを備えていなければならない。さらに、地面と水平方向に挿入するピンが地盤の傾斜や振動でピンの頭部側に抜け出ないように、ピンの頭部とは反対の先端側を、ナットやスナップリング等のピン以外の構成部品を用いて固定したり、軸部にテーパーを施したピンを用いて、このピンを穴継ぎ手に挿入し、両者の摩擦により抜け防止を図らなくてはならない。このように小径と大径を有するピンや、軸部にテーパーを施したピンを成形することは、溶接、圧延、鋳造、鍛造等の加工法により可能であるが、何れもピンの機能に対して高コストとなる。また、抜け防止のためにナット等を用いることは構成部品の種類が増えコスト高になる。
【００２２】
一方、本発明に係る土石中詰め組枠は、一般に流通し、市販されている単一の外径からなる直線状の構造用棒鋼を、所定長さに切断しこれをピンとして用いる。そして、パネルの穴継ぎ手は、パネルの辺に角度をつけて配設したり、穴継ぎ手の穴を、その中心軸がパネルの辺の延長方向に対して、斜めや円弧状となるように開孔しておくことにより、連結するパネルの一方の穴継ぎ手の穴中心軸と、他方の穴継ぎ手の穴中心軸とをずらすことができる。このようにピンと穴継ぎ手とを構成して、直線状のピンを穴継ぎ手に挿入すれば、ピンの中心軸と穴継ぎ手の穴中心軸がずれているため、直線状のピンは屈曲しながら穴継ぎ手に挿入される。これにより、ピンの屈曲が抵抗となりピンの抜け防止を図ることができるとともに、パネル同士を連結して土石中詰め組枠を組み立てることができる。
【００２３】
また、前述した直線状の構造用棒鋼を切断前にくの字状に屈曲させる、或は、切断後にくの字状に屈曲させたものをピンとして用いることもできる。この場合、パネルの穴継ぎ手は、穴中心軸をずらすことなく配設、或は開孔する。くの字状のピンを穴中心軸が同軸上の穴継ぎ手に挿入すれば、ピンの中心軸と穴継ぎ手の穴中心軸がずれているため、ピンはくの字状から直線状になるように屈曲しながら穴継ぎ手に挿入される。これにより、ピンの屈曲が抵抗となりピンの抜け防止を図ることができるとともに、パネル同士を連結して土石中詰め組枠を組み立てることができる。このように本発明に係る土石中詰め組枠は、市販の安価な構造用棒鋼に、切断、或は切断と屈曲のみの加工を施したものをピンとして用いるので、構成部材の種類が少ない低コストな組枠が得られる。
【００２４】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を実施の形態に基づき詳細に説明する。
（実施の形態１）
図１は、実施の形態１での本発明の土石中詰め組枠用パネル１であり、（ａ）は模式正面図、（ｂ）は２枚のパネル１を連結した状態を示す。パネル１は、長方形で、２種類の継ぎ手構造２、３を向かい合う辺に１組配設し、残りの辺に同じく向かい合うように１組配設している。そして継ぎ手構造２、３は円筒状の穴を有する構造としている。パネルの連結は、（ｂ）に示すように（ａ）のパネル１を２枚用い、同軸上に配置した２枚のパネル１の各々の継ぎ手構造２、３の円筒状の穴に別体の連結部材であるピン４を挿入することによって行う。パネル１を複数連結することで土石中詰め組枠を組み立てることができる。
【００２５】
図２は、実施の形態１での本発明の土石中詰め組枠用パネル１１ａ〜ｃであり、（ａ）は長辺に継ぎ手構造を２組配設した、（ｂ）は長辺に継ぎ手構造を３組配設した、（ｃ）は長辺に継ぎ手構造をｎ組配設した模式正面図である。パネル１１ａ〜ｃは、パネルを長方形とし、２種類の継ぎ手構造２、３を向かい合う短辺に１組配設し、向かい合う長辺に２〜ｎ組配設している。そして長辺における継ぎ手構造２、３は、長辺の延長方向に継ぎ手構造２、３を千鳥状に交互に配設している。また、継ぎ手構造２、３は円筒状の穴を有する構造としている。ここでは、パネルの連結は、図示しないが、図１（ｂ）と同様に、（ａ）〜（ｃ）のパネル１１ａ〜ｃの何れか１種類のパネルを２枚用いて、２枚のパネルを同軸上に配置し、各々の継ぎ手構造２、３の円筒状の穴に別体の連結部材であるピンを挿入することによって行う。パネル１１ａ〜ｃの何れか１種類のパネルを複数連結することで土石中詰め組枠を組み立てることができる。
【００２６】
実施の形態１で示したように、本発明のパネル１、１１ａ〜ｃを用いれば、底部と蓋部とを有する組枠を１種類のパネルで形成できるので、構成部材の種類が少ない低コストな組枠を得られる。なお、図１〜図２に例示したパネル１、１１ａ〜ｃは、継ぎ手構造２、３が円筒状の穴からなる例を示したが、継ぎ手構造２、３は必ずしも円筒状の穴である必要はなく、別体の連結部材を用いてお互いに連結可能であればいかなる構造であってもよい。
【００２７】
（実施の形態２）
図３は実施の形態２での本発明の土石中詰め組枠用パネル３１であり、（ａ）は模式正面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）の矢視Ａの平面図である。図４および図５は、実施の形態２での本発明の土石中詰め組枠であり、図４は１個の組枠の斜視説明図であり、図５は組枠を３個連結した状態での、（ａ）は斜視説明図、（ｂ）は組枠を曲線状に連結した状態を示す模式平面図である。
【００２８】
図３（ａ）に示すパネル３１は長方形で、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材からなり、別体の連結部材を用いてお互いに連結可能な２種類の継ぎ手構造３２、３３を、向かい合う短辺に１組配設し、向かい合う長辺に２組配設している。そして長辺における継ぎ手構造３２、３３は、長辺の延長方向に継ぎ手構造３２、３３を千鳥状に交互に配設している。また、継ぎ手構造３２、３３は円筒状の穴を有する構造（以下、「円筒状の穴を有する継ぎ手構造」を「穴継ぎ手」といい、継ぎ手構造と同一の符号を付けて説明する）としている。図３（ｂ）に拡大して示すように、パネル３１の短辺に配設した穴継ぎ手３２、３３には、それぞれ２の円筒穴Ｃ１、Ｃ２が開孔されている。短辺に配設した穴継ぎ手３２、３３の円筒穴Ｃ１、Ｃ２、および長辺に配設した穴継ぎ手３２、３３の円筒穴の内径は、後述する別体の連結部材であるピンや棒状体の外径、またはこれらの断面形状が円以外にあってはその断面での最大外寸法よりも僅かに大きな寸法にしておく。
【００２９】
図４に示すように組枠１０１は、図３に示したパネル３１と同一のパネルを複数用いて、組枠１０１の長辺の側壁を構成するパネル３１−１、３１−２、４１−１、４１−２と、図示しない組枠１０１の短辺の側壁を構成するパネルと、さらに必要に応じ、図示しない底部と蓋部とを構成するパネルとを、各パネルの辺に配設した穴継ぎ手が連結可能な組合せとなるよう配置し、穴継ぎ手の円筒状の穴に別体の連結部材であるピン４および棒状体５を挿入して連結することで、中空の構造物として組み立てられる。この組枠内に土石等を充填（中詰め）することによって護岸、護床、魚道、魚礁などが構築される。図４において、組枠１０１は、隣接して配置され、連結後の穴継ぎ手の中心軸が同軸にあるパネル３１−１、３１−２同士はピン４で連結し、一方、隣接せず向かい合う面に配置され、連結後の穴継ぎ手の中心軸が同軸にないパネル３１−１、４１−２同士は鉤状部を両端に配した棒状体５で連結している。なお、本実施の形態での組枠１０１は、説明の都合上、平面視で長方形の組枠について説明するが、本発明に係る組枠はこれに限定されるものでなく、例えば、平面視で組枠の長辺と短辺が等しい正方形であってもよい。
【００３０】
次にパネルの連結について説明する。まず、隣接して配置され、連結後の穴継ぎ手の中心軸が同軸にあるパネル３１−１と３１−２との連結は、各パネル３１−１、３１−２を接近させ、それぞれの穴継ぎ手３２−１、３３−１同士および穴継ぎ手３２−２、３３−２同士の円筒穴Ｃ１を略同軸上に配置し、この円筒穴Ｃ１に、ピン４ａ、４ｂを挿入して行う。パネル４１−１と４１−２との連結も、パネル３１−１、３１−２の連結と同様に、それぞれの穴継ぎ手４２−１、４３−１同士および穴継ぎ手４２−２、４３−２同士の円筒穴Ｃ１を略同軸上に配置し、この円筒穴Ｃ１に、ピン４ｃ、４ｄを挿入して行う。
【００３１】
一方、隣接せず向かい合う面に配置され、連結後の穴継ぎ手の中心軸が同軸にないパネル３１−１と４１−１との連結は、各パネル３１−１、４１−１を向かい合せ、それぞれの穴継ぎ手３２−１、４２−１同士の円筒穴Ｃ２の中心軸間の距離を、棒状体５の長手寸法Ｌ５となるよう配置し、この円筒穴Ｃ２に、棒状体５ａの鉤状部を挿入して行う。パネル３１−２と４１−２との連結も、パネル３１−１、４１−１の連結と同様に、それぞれの穴継ぎ手３３−１、４３−１同士の円筒穴Ｃ２の中心軸間の距離を、棒状体５の長手寸法Ｌ５となるよう配置し、この各円筒穴Ｃ２に、棒状体５ｂの鉤状部を挿入して行う。
【００３２】
組枠１０１は、これを組み立て後に内側に土石が詰められるので、組枠１０１の外側から内側に圧縮応力がかかっても、中詰めされた土石が抵抗し、棒状体５は圧縮応力に抗する力の負担が少ない。一方、組枠１０１の内側から外側に働く力は、土石の自重により側壁のパネルが外側へ開こうとする力で、棒状体５には引張り力が働く。この引張り力は、僅かであり、適切な強度設計により市販の安価な構造用棒鋼の中から選択して棒状体５としても十分な強度が確保され、組枠１０１の開きを防止することができる。
【００３３】
図４ではパネル３１、４１の短辺に配設した穴継ぎ手３２、３３、４２、４３のうち、図示で上方に配設した穴継ぎ手３２−１、３３−１、４２−１、４３−１を棒状体５で連結した例を示したが、これに加えて、図示で下方に配設した穴継ぎ手３２−２、３３−２、４２−２、４３−２も棒状体で連結すれば、或は、組枠１０１のコーナー部に位置する穴継ぎ手を利用して、パネル同士を組枠１０１の対角線状に棒状体で連結すれば、さらに高い強度を確保できる。また、図４では、組枠１０１の長辺の側壁を構成する向かい合う面に配置されたパネル同士を棒状体５で連結した例を示したが、これに加えて、組枠１０１の短辺の側壁を構成する向かい合う面に配置された図示しないパネル同士を棒状体で連結してもさらに高い強度が確保でき、組枠１０１の開きに抵抗することができる。棒状体が挿入される穴継ぎ手は、パネルの辺に加えて、パネル内の格子に配設してもよい。
【００３４】
実施の形態２での本発明の土石中詰め組枠１０１によれば、組枠として連結後の穴継ぎ手の中心軸が同軸にないパネル同士３１、４１を、棒状体５により連結するので、従来必要としていた仕切りパネルを省くことが可能な土石中詰め組枠が得られる。また、仕切りパネルを省略することで低コストな組枠となる。また、パネル３１、４１に配設した各穴継ぎ手３２、３３、４２、４３に２の円筒穴Ｃ１、Ｃ２を設置しているので、１の穴継ぎ手を用いて、組枠１０１の隣り合うパネル同士および向かい合う面のパネル同士を同時に連結できるので、穴継ぎ手の数を増やす必要がなく、より低コストな組枠が得られる。
【００３５】
なお、本実施の形態では、棒状体５の鉤状部を挿入する円筒穴Ｃ２とピン４を挿入する円筒穴Ｃ１とを１の穴継ぎ手に一体に形成した例を示したが、棒状体５の鉤状部を挿入する円筒穴Ｃ２を独立した１の穴継ぎ手に形成し、ピン４を挿入する円筒穴Ｃ１を１の穴継ぎ手に２以上形成してもよい。
【００３６】
また、穴継ぎ手には、２の円筒穴を設置しているので、円筒穴を棒状体５を挿入するために使用するのではなく、何れの円筒穴もパネルを連結するピン４を挿入するために使用することもできる。これにより、例えば、隣接して配置されるパネルを２枚として、１枚目のパネルは、穴継ぎ手の円筒穴Ｃ１を利用して、パネル３１−１、３１−２の長辺の延長方向に連結するとともに、２枚目のパネルは、同じ穴継ぎ手の円筒穴Ｃ２を利用して、前記延長方向に対して、直角方向へ向けて連結するなど、パネルの連結方向を２方向に分岐することができる。さらに、穴継ぎ手に２以上の円筒穴を設置すれば、パネルの連結方向を２以上の方向に分岐することが可能となり、穴の設置数分のパネルを連結できるので、複雑な構造の組枠を１種類のパネルで低コストに得ることができる。
【００３７】
本実施の形態では、パネルの短辺の穴継ぎ手にのみ２の円筒穴を設置した例を示したが、パネルの長辺の穴継ぎ手に２の円筒穴を設置してもよい。パネルの長辺の穴継ぎ手に２の円筒穴を設置することで、組枠を上方向、即ち、側壁の短辺の延長方向に延設する際、一方の円筒穴は短辺の延長方向へのパネルの連結に使用し、他方の円筒穴は前記延長方向に対して、直角方向へのパネルの連結に使用すれば、直角方向へ連結したパネルは、組枠の上下段での仕切りパネルとなり組枠の強度が確保される。また、魚道や漁礁を形成する場合など、部分的に土石を中詰めしない空間を形成するのが容易となる。
【００３８】
次に、図５を参照して、複数の土石中詰め組枠を連結する態様について説明する。図５（ａ）で組枠１０１は前述の図４で示した組枠１０１と同一であり、組枠１０２、１０３もそれぞれ組枠１０１と同様に長方形で、側壁、および必要に応じ底部と蓋部とを球状黒鉛鋳鉄材からなるパネルで構成している。
【００３９】
図５（ａ）で組枠１０１と組枠１０２との連結は、隣接して配置され、連結後の穴継ぎ手の中心軸が同軸上にない、組枠１０１を構成するパネル３１−２と、組枠１０２を構成するパネル３１−３とを鉤状部を両端に配した別体の連結部材である棒状体６で連結している。具体的には、予め組み立てた組枠１０１と組枠１０２とを施工現場の所定の位置に設置し、パネル３１−２、３１−３のそれぞれの穴継ぎ手５２−１、５３−１同士および穴継ぎ手５２−２、５３−２同士の円筒穴Ｃ２の中心軸間の距離と等しい長手寸法Ｌ６を有する棒状体６ａ、６ｂの鉤状部を、この円筒穴Ｃ２に挿入して連結される。棒状体６は、構造用棒鋼を、（円筒穴Ｃ２の中心軸間の距離ｐ）＋（円筒穴Ｃ２の円筒長さｈの２倍）を僅かに超える長さに切断し、その中央に円筒穴Ｃ２の中心軸間の距離ｐ（長手寸法Ｌ６と等しい）を残して、両端を屈曲させ、鉤状部を形成すればよい。
【００４０】
パネル４１−２と４１−３との連結も、パネル３１−２、３１−３の連結と同様に、それぞれの穴継ぎ手６２−１、６３−１同士および穴継ぎ手６２−２、６３−２同士の円筒穴Ｃ２の中心軸間の距離と等しい長手寸法を有する棒状体６ｃ、６ｄの鉤状部を挿入して行う。組枠１０２と組枠１０３との連結も、上述の組枠１０１と組枠１０２との連結と同様に、隣接して配置され、連結後の穴継ぎ手の中心軸が同軸上にない、組枠１０２を構成するパネルと組枠１０３を構成するパネル同士とを棒状体６ｅ、６ｆ、６ｇ、６ｈで連結されている。なお、上述の態様では、それぞれの穴継ぎ手の円筒穴Ｃ２同士に棒状体６の鉤状部を挿入する例を示したが、一方の穴継ぎ手の円筒穴Ｃ２と他方の穴継ぎ手の円筒穴Ｃ１に棒状体６の鉤状部を挿入してもよいし、円筒穴Ｃ１同士に棒状体６の鉤状部を挿入してもよい。この場合、棒状体６の長手寸法Ｌ６は、挿入する円筒穴の組合せに応じて、その中心軸間の距離に等しくすることはいうまでもない。また、前述の図４のパネル同士の連結に示したように、穴継ぎ手の円筒穴に棒状体６に替えて、ピンを挿入して組枠同士を連結することも可能である。
【００４１】
図５（ａ）では、１段で３個の組枠を、組枠の長辺の延長方向に延設した態様を例示したが、複数の組枠を施工現場に合せて水平方向および／または上方向に延設して、組枠内に土石を中詰めすれば、護岸、護床、魚道、魚礁などを構築することができる。
【００４２】
本実施の形態の組枠は、海岸線や河川の護岸など屈曲した施工現場の曲線に沿って曲線状に配置することもできる。例えば、図５（ｂ）に示すように、要求される施工現場の曲線に沿って、組枠１１１〜１１３を設置し、図５（ａ）で詳述したように、隣接して配置された組枠を構成するパネルの穴継ぎ手同士を、棒状体１６ａ〜１６ｃ、およびピン１４で連結することで曲線状に配置される。棒状体１６ａ〜１６ｃの各長手寸法を変更することで、任意の曲線に対応することができる。このように本実施の形態の組枠は、施工現場の状況に応じて、直線状は勿論のこと、曲線状の組枠であっても容易かつ効率的に形成することができる。
【００４３】
本実施の形態によれば、予め組み立てた組枠を、その設置場所に起重機で吊り降ろしたり、積み上げたりする工法をとれるので、大幅な工期短縮が可能である。予め組み立てた組枠に土石を中詰めしておくか否かは、施工工程、施工現場の状況、起重機の吊り上げ能力などから決定すればよい。予め組み立てた組枠に土石を中詰めせず、設置後に土石を中詰めする場合、組枠の側壁を構成するパネルを省略することもできるので低コストな組枠が得られる。
【００４４】
このよに、実施の形態２のパネルを用いれば、底部と蓋部とを有する組枠を１種類のパネルで形成できるので、構成部材の種類が少ない低コストな組枠を得られる。また、実施の形態２の組枠によれは、組枠内の仕切りパネルを省くことが可能な土石中詰め組枠が得られる。しかも、パネル同士および組枠同士を、穴継ぎ手に設置した２以上の穴と、安価な構造用棒鋼からなる別体の連結部材であるピンや棒状体により連結するので、構成部材の種類が少ない低コストな土石中詰め組枠となる。
【００４５】
（実施の形態３）
図６は、実施の形態３での本発明の土石中詰め組枠の、パネルの連結を拡大して説明する模式正面図であり、（ａ）は直線状のピンを屈曲して連結する状態、（ｂ）はくの字状のピンを屈曲して連結する状態を示す。
【００４６】
図６（ａ）で組枠を構成するパネル９１−１、９１−２は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材からなり、ピン９４ａは、所定長さに切断した直線状の構造用棒鋼からなる。穴継ぎ手９２ａはパネル９１−１の辺に、また、穴継ぎ手９３ａはパネル９１−２の辺に一体に配設されている。そして、穴継ぎ手９２ａの穴中心軸と穴継ぎ手９３ａの穴中心軸とが一直線にならないよう各穴継ぎ手の穴中心軸は、例えば、パネルの辺の延長方向（図の上下方向）に対してそれぞれ角度θ１、θ２をつけて配設されている。このように構成した穴継ぎ手９２ａと穴継ぎ手９３ａとに、直線状のピン９４ａを挿入すると、ピン９４ａの中心軸と穴継ぎ手９２ａ、９３ａの穴中心軸がずれているため、図６（ａ）の右図に示すように、直線状のピン９４ａは穴継ぎ手９２ａ、９３ａの内壁と接触しつつ、屈曲しながら穴継ぎ手９２ａ、９３ａに挿入される。ピン９４ａの屈曲は弾性変形をともなうので、挿入されたピン９４ａは、直線状に戻ろうとして穴継ぎ手９２ａ、９３ａの内壁を押圧する。この押圧が抵抗となってピン９４ａは穴継ぎ手９２ａ、９３ａから抜けず、また穴継ぎ手９２ａ、９３ａ同士が連結される。
【００４７】
図６（ｂ）で組枠を構成するパネル９１−３、９１−４は、球状黒鉛鋳鉄材からなり、ピン９４ｂは、所定長さに切断した後、くの字状に屈曲した構造用棒鋼からなる。穴継ぎ手９２ｂはパネル９１−３の辺に、また、穴継ぎ手９３ｂはパネル９１−４の辺に一体に配設されている。そして、穴継ぎ手９２ｂの穴中心軸と穴継ぎ手９３ｂの穴中心軸とが同軸上、即ち一直線になるよう各穴継ぎ手の穴中心軸は、例えば、パネルの辺の延長方向（図の上下方向）に対して平行に配設されている。このように構成した穴継ぎ手９２ｂと穴継ぎ手９３ｂとに、くの字状のピン９４ｂを挿入すると、ピン９４ｂの中心軸と穴継ぎ手９２ｂ、９３ｂの穴中心軸がずれているため、図６（ｂ）の右図に示すように、くの字状のピン９４ｂは穴継ぎ手９２ｂ、９３ｂの内壁と接触しつつ、くの字状から直線状になるように屈曲しながら穴継ぎ手９２ｂ、９３ｂに挿入される。ピン９４ｂの屈曲は弾性変形をともなうので、挿入されたピン９４ｂは、穴継ぎ手に挿入前のくの字状に戻ろうとして穴継ぎ手９２ｂ、９３ｂの内壁を押圧する。この押圧が抵抗となってピン９４ｂは穴継ぎ手９２ｂ、９３ｂから抜けず、また穴継ぎ手９２ｂ、９３ｂ同士が連結される。
【００４８】
ピンを穴継ぎ手に挿入する作業は、特別な工具を用いることなく、手ハンマーで叩き込むだけですむので、僅かな労力で、容易かつ短時間で完了する。直線状および／またはくの字状のピンを用いて複数のパネルを連結して、複数の組枠を組み立て、施工現場に合せて水平方向および／または上方向に延設して、組枠内に土石を中詰めすれば、護岸、漁礁等を構築することができる。
【００４９】
実施の形態３の組枠によれは、パネル同士および組枠同士を、穴継ぎ手と、市販の安価な構造用棒鋼からなる直線状および／またはくの字状のピンにより連結するので、構成部材の種類が少ない低コストな土石中詰め組枠が得られる。
【００５０】
なお、実施の形態１〜３のパネルを球状黒鉛鋳鉄材とすれば、鋳造によりパネルと穴継ぎ手を含む継ぎ手構造を一体に形成できるとともに、鋳型を用いて低コストに量産することができ、また、護岸、漁礁等として設置した後、その成分が溶出して生物が棲息するのに最適な環境を創り出せるので好ましい。特に、パネルの穴継ぎ手をパネルの辺に角度をつけて配設したり、穴継ぎ手の穴を、その中心軸がパネルの辺の延長方向に対して、斜めや円弧状に開孔する場合、穴継ぎ手の配設の角度を維持しながら溶接等で接合したり、斜めや円弧状の穴をドリル等により加工することは困難で、製作工数とコストの増加を招く。鋳造で中子を用いて形成すれば、穴継ぎ手の角度をつけての配設や、斜めや円弧状の穴の開孔を、容易に、しかもパネルと一体に成形することができる。
【００５１】
【実施例】
（実施例１）
実施の形態１で、図１（ａ）に示すパネル１の、長辺の長さを４６０ｍｍ、短辺の長さを２１０ｍｍとし、長辺の向かい合う辺の継ぎ手構造２、３の円筒状の穴中心間寸法Ｈを２５０ｍｍとし、短辺の向かい合う辺の継ぎ手構造２、３の円筒状の穴中心間寸法Ｗを５００ｍｍとし、継ぎ手構造２の円筒状の穴を、内径１８ｍｍ、長さ４０ｍｍとし、継ぎ手構造３の円筒状の穴を、内径１８ｍｍ、長さを８０ｍｍとして、（ＪＩＳ）ＦＣＤ４５０相当の球状黒鉛鋳鉄材からなるパネル１を製作した。同一のパネル１を１２枚準備し、別体の連結部材を用いて連結し、底部と蓋部を有する縦５００ｍｍ×横５００ｍｍ×奥行５００ｍｍの１個の組枠が得られた。
【００５２】
また、実施の形態１で、図２（ａ）に示すパネル１１ａの長辺の長さ９０６ｍｍ、短辺の長さ４６０ｍｍとし、長辺の向かい合う辺の継ぎ手構造２、３の円筒状の穴中心間寸法Ｈを５００ｍｍ、短辺の向かい合う辺の継ぎ手構造２、３の円筒状の穴中心間寸法Ｗを１０００ｍｍとし、継ぎ手構造２の円筒状の穴を、内径１８ｍｍ、長さ４０ｍｍとし、継ぎ手構造３の円筒状の穴を、内径１８ｍｍ、長さを８０ｍｍとして、（ＪＩＳ）ＦＣＤ４５０相当の球状黒鉛鋳鉄材からなるパネル１１ａを製作した。
【００５３】
図７は、実施の形態１のパネル１１ａを用いて組枠を組み立てる場合の、組枠の模式展開図である。図７においては、継ぎ手構造の連結関係を理解しやすくするため、パネル１１ａを、継ぎ手構造２を黒丸（●）で、継ぎ手構造３を白丸（○）で示すとともに簡略に表現し、またパネルの天地（上下方向）の識別のため記号Ａで表現している。図７（ａ）〜（ｄ）は、それぞれ異なる４種類の組枠２０１〜２０４を示す。
【００５４】
何れの組枠も前述した寸法からなる同一のパネル１１ａを複数準備し、別体の連結部材を用いて連結し、底部７、側壁８、蓋部９を有する組枠を形成した。その結果、図７（ａ）の組枠２０１は、パネル１１ａを８枚用いて、縦５００ｍｍ×横１０００ｍｍ×奥行１０００ｍｍの、（ｂ）の組枠２０２は、パネル１１ａを１４枚用いて、縦５００ｍｍ×横１０００ｍｍ×奥行２０００ｍｍの、（ｃ）の組枠２０３は、パネル１１ａを１４枚用いて、縦５００ｍｍ×横２０００ｍｍ×奥行１０００ｍｍの、（ｄ）の組枠２０４は、パネル１１ａを２４枚用いて、縦５００ｍｍ×横２０００ｍｍ×奥行２０００ｍｍの、１種類のパネル１１ａからなる組枠が得られた。
【００５５】
（実施例２）
実施の形態２で、図３（ａ）に示すパネル３１の長辺の長さ９０６ｍｍ、短辺の長さ４６０ｍｍ、長辺の向かい合う辺の穴継ぎ手３２、３３の円筒穴中心間寸法Ｈ５００ｍｍ、短辺の向かい合う辺の穴継ぎ手３２、３３のそれぞれの円筒穴Ｃ１同士の中心間寸法Ｗ１０００ｍｍ、円筒穴Ｃ１、Ｃ２を含む全ての穴継ぎ手３２、３３の円筒穴を、内径１８ｍｍ、長さ４０ｍｍとして、（ＪＩＳ）ＦＣＤ４５０相当の球状黒鉛鋳鉄材からなるパネル３１を製作した。さらに、パネル３１の細部の寸法としては、穴継ぎ手３２での向かい合う穴継ぎ手（短辺のみ符号を付けた穴継ぎ手３２−１、３２−２）の端面間の距離Ｓ２を２００ｍｍとし、穴継ぎ手３３での向かい合う穴継ぎ手（短辺のみ符号を付けた穴継ぎ手３３−１、３３−２）の端面間の距離Ｓ３を１１０ｍｍとし、図３（ｂ）に示す円筒穴Ｃ１、Ｃ２の中心間距離を３１ｍｍ、円筒穴Ｃ１、Ｃ２から穴継ぎ手の外形までの肉厚ｔを６ｍｍとした。また、パネル３１の主要肉厚は１２ｍｍ〜２１ｍｍとした。同一のパネル３１を１６枚準備し、一方、直径１６ｍｍの構造用棒鋼を全長２４００ｍｍで切断し、両端を端面から２００ｍｍのところで折り曲げ鉤状部を形成し、長手寸法Ｌ５を２０００ｍｍとした棒状体５を２本準備した。パネル３１を別途準備したピン４を用いて連結し、蓋部を除く側壁と底部とからなる縦５００ｍｍ×横２０００ｍｍ×奥行２０００ｍｍの１個の組枠１０１を組み立てた。この際、組枠１０１の短辺で向いあう面に配設された穴継ぎ手３２−１、４２−１同士、および穴継ぎ手３３−１、４３−１同士の円筒穴Ｃ２の中心軸間距離を２０００ｍｍとし、準備した棒状体５を挿入した。その後、組枠１０１内に土石を充填したが、側壁のパネルが外側へ開くことがなく強固な組枠が得られた。
【００５６】
（実施例３）
実施の形態３で、図６（ｂ）に示す穴継ぎ手９２ａ、９３ａを、パネル９１−１、９１−２の辺の延長方向に対して、それぞれ角度θ１、θ２を１０°として配設したパネル９１−１、９１−２を、（ＪＩＳ）ＦＣＤ４５０相当の球状黒鉛鋳鉄材で形成した。直径１６ｍｍの構造用棒鋼を長さ９０ｍｍで切断し直線状のピン９４ａを、穴継ぎ手９２ａ、９３ａに手ハンマーで叩き込んで挿入したところ、直線状のピン９４ａは、屈曲して穴継ぎ手９２ａ、９３ａに挿入され、抜けることなく、またパネル９１−１、９１−２同士を確実に連結できた。同様にして複数のパネルを連結して組枠を組み立てることで、構成部材の種類が少ない組枠が得られた。
【００５７】
【発明の効果】
以上、本発明によれば、底部と蓋部とを有し、構成部材の種類が少ない低コストの土石中詰め組枠を得ることができる。また、仕切りパネルを省くことが可能な土石中詰め組枠を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施の形態１での土石中詰め組枠用パネルであり、（ａ）は模式正面図、（ｂ）は２枚のパネルを連結した状態を示す。
【図２】実施の形態１での土石中詰め組枠用パネルであり、（ａ）は長辺に継ぎ手構造を２組配設した、（ｂ）は長辺に継ぎ手構造を３組配設した、（ｃ）は長辺に継ぎ手構造をｎ組配設した、模式正面図である。
【図３】実施の形態２での土石中詰め組枠用パネルであり、（ａ）は模式正面図、（ｂ）は（ａ）の矢視Ａの平面図である。
【図４】実施の形態２での土石中詰め組枠であり、１個の組枠の斜視説明図である。
【図５】実施の形態２での土石中詰め組枠を３個連結した状態での、（ａ）は斜視説明図、（ｂ）は組枠を曲線状に連結した状態を示す模式平面図である。
【図６】実施の形態３での土石中詰め組枠の、パネルの連結を拡大して説明する模式正面図であり、（ａ）は直線状のピンを屈曲して連結する状態、（ｂ）はくの字状のピンを屈曲して連結する状態を示す。
【図７】実施例１の４種類の組枠の模式展開図である。
【符号の説明】
１、１１ａ、１１ｂ、１１ｃ、３１、３１−１、３１−２、３１−３、３１−４、４１、４１−１、４１−２、４１−３、９１−１、９１−２、９１−３、９１−４：土石中詰め組枠用パネル
２、３：継ぎ手構造
３２、３３、４２、４３、５２、５３、６２、６３、９２ａ、９２ｂ、９３ａ、９３ｂ：穴継ぎ手
４、１４、９４ａ、９４ｂ：ピン
５、６、１６ａ、１６ｂ、１６ｃ：棒状体
７：底部
８：側壁
９：蓋部
１０１、１０２、１０３、１１１、１１２、１１３、２０１、２０２、２０３、２０４：組枠
Ｃ１、Ｃ２：円筒穴
Ｌ５、Ｌ６：棒状体の長手寸法
ｐ：円筒穴の中心軸間の距離
ｈ：円筒穴の円筒長さ
ｔ：肉厚
θ１、θ２：角度
Ｈ：パネルの長辺の向かい合う辺の継ぎ手構造の穴中心間寸法
Ｗ：パネルの短辺の向かい合う辺の継ぎ手構造の穴中心間寸法[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a debris-filled formwork panel and a debris-filled formwork that are used for revetments, revetments, fishways, fish reefs, etc., and store crushed stone, earth and sand, and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Concrete structures such as concrete blocks have been used as revetments for preventing riverbank collapse due to natural disasters, and for revetments for preventing riverbed scouring. However, concrete structures are not suitable for growing vegetation and aquatic organisms in the protection of the natural environment of rivers recommended by the Revised River Law. It has also been pointed out that the revetment and revetment have a variety of shapes, rather than a uniform shape as seen on the concrete block formation surface, and that it is a natural form of nature. For this reason, the vegetation environment is preserved so that plants and algae are generated and grown in rivers, and aquatic micro-organisms and fish can be inhabited in these areas, and seawalls that form a wide variety of ecosystems, etc. The development of a construction method is required.
[0003]
As a construction method of seawalls and other structures that form an ecosystem, the old construction method in which iron wire cages are used as a framework, crushed stones are placed in the riverside, and sediment is deposited on them is being reviewed. However, this method does not withstand the filling mass when filling the debris, and the wire cage deforms and the debris flows out. The durability and stability of the framing frame are low, such as spills, corrosion of the iron wire cage progresses, the strength is reduced, and part of the wire is broken, causing debris to flow out. Further, since the iron wire cage is made of mild steel having a low carbon content, bacteria that prefer carbon do not adhere to the surface and cannot be used as a reef.
[0004]
In an attempt to improve this, Japanese Patent No. 3049355 discloses that, in a frame for revetment or the like in which a plurality of plane frames are connected to each other, each of the plane frames and the connection portion are formed of a cast iron material that is integrally cast. There is a disclosure in which several kinds of wedges of members are driven into a connecting portion of a plane frame as connecting pieces to be connected. According to the frame disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3049355, the durability can be remarkably improved, the assembling and construction can be easily performed on site, and an optimal environment for living organisms can be created. .
[0005]
Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-220124 discloses a frame material of an assembly frame, in which (a) a substantially rectangular panel body, (b) an earth blocking part formed on the panel body, and (c) a panel member. A first connecting member disposed on one vertical side surface of the main body; and (d) a second connecting member disposed on the other vertical side surface of the panel main body, disposed on the vertical side surface of the panel main body. There is a disclosure in which another panel body is lifted into the first or second connection member, and the first or second connection member provided on a vertical side surface of another panel body is inserted and assembled. According to the frame material disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-220124, when there are many obstacles in the construction site and it is necessary to form a curved slope, it is possible to adapt to the situation of the site and deform the construction. It is stated that the connection strength is strong, the connection material is not required, and the assembled frame that the worker does not forget to connect the frame during construction can be obtained.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It is desirable to install a bottom frame or a lid frame on the bottom surface or the top surface of the framing so as to prevent the soil and debris from flowing out due to scouring of the ground under the framing, fluctuations in the water surface of the river, and water current. In addition, it is necessary to partition the space filled with debris at regular intervals in order to prevent the opening of the frame and maintain strength. However, although the frame disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3049355 may be used by providing a bottom body (bottom frame) and a lid body (ceiling frame), the method of connecting the bottom body and the lid body is not specifically described. There is no description. Even if the bottom body and the lid are provided, the wedge fastening increases the number of types of flat frames and connecting pieces, which increases the management cost of the casting mold and the product. In addition, since all the partitions in the assembled frame (revetment basket frame) are configured by plane frames, the cost is high. On the other hand, the frame described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-220124 does not have a structure in which a bottom frame and a lid frame are installed, and is expensive because a panel body is used to partition the inside of the frame. .
[0007]
An object of the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problem, and has an object to obtain a low-cost debris-filled assembling frame having a bottom portion and a lid portion and having few types of constituent members. It is another object of the present invention to provide a soil-filled frame capable of eliminating a partition panel in the frame.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a panel for a clay-filled frame according to the present invention (hereinafter, simply referred to as a “panel”) is a rectangular panel for a clay-filled frame having joint structures on four sides, When combined with another panel, two types of joint structures that can be connected to each other by using a separate connecting member are provided on opposite sides.
[0009]
In a rectangular panel having a joint structure on four sides, when combined with another panel, two types of joint structures that can be connected to each other by using separate connecting members are arranged on opposite sides of the rectangular panel. By providing the same direction of arranging the panels (the direction of the panels), two types of joint structures that can be connected are necessarily provided on the sides of adjacent panels to be connected. Will be placed. In the assembling work of a mound-filled frame (hereinafter simply referred to as “frame”), combinations that cannot be connected to the joint structure at the sides of adjacent panels to be connected are eliminated, and combinations that can be connected are removed. The selection not only compels the worker to have troubles, but also wastes time and effort in manipulating the panels, and complicates the assembly procedure. In the panel according to the present invention, it is possible to arrange two types of joint structures that can be connected only by keeping the orientation of the panel constant, so that the labor of the operator is reduced and the assembly procedure is simplified. This means that, in addition to the case where the panels are extended and connected in the direction of extension of the side of the panel such as the side wall of the frame, the panels are extended and connected to the four sides of the square of the side wall of the frame. In these cases, the arrangement of the connectable joint structure can be easily obtained by keeping the orientation of all the panels constant. In addition, by arranging the joint structure on the side of the panel of the side wall where the bottom and the lid of the assembly frame are connected, the bottom and the lid can be connected. Thus, since the frame having the bottom and the lid can be formed by one type of panel, it is possible to obtain a low-cost frame with few types of constituent members.
[0010]
In addition, the panel for the clay-filled frame according to the present invention is a rectangular panel having a joint structure on four sides, which can be connected to each other by using a separate connecting member when combined with another panel. The present invention is characterized in that two types of joint structures are arranged on opposite short sides, respectively, and the two types of joint structures are arranged alternately n sets (n is a natural number) so as to oppose the long sides of the panel.
[0011]
In a rectangular panel having a joint structure on four sides, when combined with another panel, two types of joint structures that can be connected to each other using a separate connecting member are respectively provided on opposite short sides of the rectangular panel. By arranging the panels, as described above, by making the orientations of the panels the same, two types of joint structures that can be connected are necessarily disposed on the sides of adjacent panels to be connected. Therefore, the labor of the worker is reduced, and the assembly procedure is simplified.
[0012]
Further, the two types of joint structures are alternately arranged in n sets (n is a natural number) so as to face the long sides of the panel, thereby connecting the short sides of the n other panels to the long sides. It is possible to do. When connecting the short side of the bottom panel or the lid panel to the long side of the side wall panel, n sets of two types of joint structures are alternately arranged in a staggered manner on the long side of the side wall panel. , The bottom and the lid, the panel orientation is rotated by 180 ° and arranged alternately. Therefore, also in the bottom portion and the lid portion, n sets of two types of joint structures that can be connected are alternately arranged on the long side of adjacent panels to be connected, so that the bottom portion and the lid are connected. The long sides of the panels can be connected to each other. Thus, since the frame having the bottom and the lid can be formed by one type of panel, it is possible to obtain a low-cost frame with few types of constituent members.
[0013]
Further, in the panel for a debris-filled frame that connects a plurality of panels by inserting a pin into a hole-joint provided in the panel, the hole-filled frame includes two or more holes. Is provided.
[0014]
If two or more holes are provided in the hole joint, the connection direction of the panel can be made two or more directions. Further, since panels can be connected as many as the number of holes provided, a frame having a complicated structure can be obtained at a low cost with one type of panel. For example, if two holes are installed in the hole joint, one hole of the hole joint is used for connecting the panel in the extension direction of the side of the panel, and one hole of the remaining hole joint is used in the extension direction. On the other hand, the panel connection direction can be branched in two directions, for example, by connecting three panels in a T-shape by using the panel connection in the right angle direction. Also, in the assembly work of the frame, different holes are used in the extension direction of the side of the panel and the right angle direction, so for example, connect the extension direction first, and then connect the right angle direction, or vice versa The assembly procedure such as connection can be made freely.
[0015]
Further, it is preferable that the panel for filling the clay-filled frame used in the present invention is made of a spheroidal graphite cast iron material. If the panel is spheroidal graphite cast iron, after installation as a seawall, fishing reef, etc., components such as nutrient salts necessary for photosynthetic organisms such as Si and essential trace element Fe are eluted from the panel surface and plant It creates nutrient water (mineral water) that is effective for a variety of organisms including fish and fish, purifies the water quality by attaching bacteria, and promotes the growth of algae, creating an optimal environment for living organisms. The spheroidal graphite cast iron material can be mass-produced at low cost using a mold.
[0016]
Furthermore, the earthen stone filling mast according to the present invention is characterized in that two or more holes are installed in the hole joint, and the earthen stone filling mounding frame comprising the earthen stone filling mound panel is connected. The panels whose central axes of the hole joints are not coaxial are connected by a rod-shaped body.
[0017]
Here, the panels whose central axes of the connected hole joints are not coaxial are the side walls of the frame, and the panels arranged on the opposing surfaces without adjoining are: Means two types of panels arranged in the same manner. First, a description will be given of the connection of the panels arranged on the opposing surfaces that are not adjacent to each other in the former (1). In order to prevent the opening of the frame and secure the strength, a structure is adopted in which the space filled with debris is separated at regular intervals by partition walls made of panels, and the panels on opposite sides of the frame are connected to each other. However, the partition wall only needs to have a function and strength for preventing the opening of the frame, and the function and strength of the partition wall can be satisfied by connecting with the rod-shaped body without using a partition wall composed of a panel. As a result, a frame that can omit the partition panel can be obtained. Further, by omitting the partition panel, a low-cost assembly frame can be obtained.
[0018]
Next, the latter (2) connection between adjacently arranged panels will be described. Generally, when a long frame is assembled in a belt shape, a method of assembling a long frame while connecting panels at a place where the frame is installed to construct a seawall, a fishing reef, or the like is adopted. However, it is necessary to assemble the frames in order and it is difficult to significantly shorten the construction period.To assemble them at the place where the frames are installed, it is necessary to secure a wide working space. A large number of man-hours are required for detouring and damming water. According to the clay-filled frame according to the present invention, when connecting adjacently arranged frame, the central axis of the hole joint disposed on the panel constituting the frame, is not arranged coaxially. In both cases, the rods enable connection between panels, in other words, connection between assembled frames. Therefore, it is possible to take a method of assembling a relatively small formwork in advance on land other than the place where the formwork is installed, and suspending or stacking this with the hoist at the place where the formwork is installed. As a result, construction work for seawalls, fishing reefs, etc., and assembling work for the frame can be performed in parallel, and a large work space at the place where the frame is installed is not required. Become.
[0019]
The rod-shaped body has a structure in which hook-shaped portions are arranged at both ends, and the hook-shaped portions at both ends are inserted into hole joints arranged on the panel, whereby the panels can be connected to each other. The cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped body may be a circle, an ellipse, a triangle, a solid polygon, a hollow, or any of an L-shape, a V-shape, a U-shape, and a U-shape. In particular, from the viewpoint of cost, a commercially available and commercially available structural steel bar having a single outer diameter and a substantially circular cross section is cut into a predetermined length, and both ends are bent into hooks to form a bar. It is preferably a body. In addition, if two or more holes are installed in the hole joints arranged on the panel, the panels on the opposite surfaces of the assembly frame are connected to each other with a rod-like body using one hole joint, and the partition panel is omitted. Since panels adjacent to the frame can be connected to each other with pins to extend the frame, it is not necessary to increase the number of hole joints, and a low-cost frame can be obtained.
[0020]
Further, in the debris-filled frame according to the present invention, in the debris-filled frame connecting a plurality of panels by inserting pins into the hole joints arranged on the panels, the center axis of the pin and the hole center axis of the hole joint are provided. Are shifted.
[0021]
When connecting the panel with a hole joint and a pin, the pin has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the hole so that the pin can be inserted into the hole joint, and the outer diameter of the hole so that the pin does not come out after insertion. The head must have a larger diameter than the inner diameter. In addition, the tip side opposite to the pin head is made of a non-pin configuration such as a nut or snap ring so that the pin inserted horizontally with the ground does not come out to the pin head side due to the inclination or vibration of the ground. The pin must be inserted into the hole joint using a pin that is fixed by using a part or a tapered shaft, and the friction between the two must prevent the pin from coming off. It is possible to form a pin having such a small diameter and a large diameter, or a pin having a tapered shaft portion by a processing method such as welding, rolling, casting, forging, etc. High cost. In addition, the use of nuts or the like to prevent slipping increases the number of types of components and increases the cost.
[0022]
On the other hand, the clay-filled frame according to the present invention is a commercially available, commercially available straight structural steel bar having a single outer diameter, which is cut into a predetermined length and used as a pin. The panel joints are arranged at an angle to the side of the panel, or the holes of the hole joints are opened such that the central axis is oblique or arcuate with respect to the extension direction of the side of the panel. By forming the holes, the center axis of the hole of one hole joint of the panels to be connected can be shifted from the center axis of the hole of the other hole joint. If the pin and the hole joint are configured in this way and a straight pin is inserted into the hole joint, the center axis of the pin and the hole center axis of the hole joint are displaced. Inserted into fitting. This makes it possible to prevent the pins from coming off due to the bending of the pins, and to connect the panels to each other to assemble the soil-filled frame.
[0023]
Further, the above-described straight structural steel bar may be bent in a U-shape before cutting, or may be bent in a U-shape after cutting as a pin. In this case, the hole joint of the panel is provided or opened without shifting the center axis of the hole. If a U-shaped pin is inserted into the hole joint with the center axis of the hole coaxial, the center axis of the pin and the center axis of the hole of the hole joint are shifted, so that the pin changes from a square shape to a straight line. It is inserted into the hole joint while bending. This makes it possible to prevent the pins from coming off due to the bending of the pins, and to connect the panels to each other to assemble the soil-filled frame. As described above, since the earthen stone-filled frame according to the present invention uses, as a pin, a commercially available inexpensive structural steel bar that has been subjected to cutting or only cutting and bending, the type of constituent members is low. A costly frame is obtained.
[0024]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1: is the panel 1 for earth-and-stone filling framing of this invention in Embodiment 1, (a) is a schematic front view, (b) shows the state which connected two panels 1. FIG. The panel 1 has a rectangular shape, in which one set of two types of joint structures 2 and 3 is disposed on opposite sides, and one set is disposed on the remaining sides. The joint structures 2 and 3 have a structure having a cylindrical hole. As shown in (b), two panels 1 of (a) are connected, and separate panels are connected to the cylindrical holes of the joint structures 2 and 3 of the two panels 1 arranged coaxially as shown in (b). This is performed by inserting a pin 4 as a connecting member. By connecting a plurality of panels 1, a mound-filled frame can be assembled.
[0025]
FIGS. 2A and 2B are panels 11a to 11c for the filling of debris and stones according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) two sets of joint structures are arranged on the long side, and (b) is a joint on the long side. (C) is a schematic front view in which three sets of structures are arranged, and n sets of joint structures are arranged on the long side. Each of the panels 11a to 11c has a rectangular panel, and two types of joint structures 2 and 3 are provided in one set on opposite short sides, and 2 to n sets are installed on opposite long sides. The joint structures 2 and 3 on the long sides are arranged alternately in a staggered manner in the extending direction of the long sides. The joint structures 2 and 3 have a structure having a cylindrical hole. Here, the connection of the panels is not shown, but as in FIG. 1B, two panels of any one of the panels 11a to 11c of FIGS. Are arranged coaxially, and a pin, which is a separate connecting member, is inserted into a cylindrical hole of each joint structure 2, 3. By connecting a plurality of any one of the panels 11a to 11c, an assembling-in-earth-and-stone frame can be assembled.
[0026]
As described in the first embodiment, if the panels 1 and 11a to 11c of the present invention are used, a frame having a bottom portion and a lid portion can be formed by one type of panel, so that there are few types of constituent members and low cost. A good frame can be obtained. Although the panels 1 and 11a to c illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 show an example in which the joint structures 2 and 3 are formed of cylindrical holes, the joint structures 2 and 3 need not necessarily be cylindrical holes. However, any structure may be used as long as it can be connected to each other using a separate connecting member.
[0027]
(Embodiment 2)
3: is the panel 31 for earth-and-stone filling framing of this invention in Embodiment 2, (a) is a schematic front view, (b) is a top view of arrow A of (a). 4 and 5 show a mud-filled frame according to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a perspective explanatory view of one frame, and FIG. 5 shows a state where three frames are connected. (A) is a perspective explanatory view, and (b) is a schematic plan view showing a state in which the frames are connected in a curved shape.
[0028]
The panel 31 shown in FIG. 3 (a) is rectangular, made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, and has two types of joint structures 32, 33 which can be connected to each other by using separate connecting members, one set of which is disposed on the opposite short side. And two sets are arranged on the long sides facing each other. The joint structures 32, 33 on the long sides are arranged alternately in a staggered manner in the extending direction of the long sides. In addition, the joint structures 32 and 33 have a structure having a cylindrical hole (hereinafter, a “joint structure having a cylindrical hole” is referred to as a “hole joint” and is described with the same reference numeral as the joint structure). . As shown in FIG. 3B in an enlarged manner, two cylindrical holes C1 and C2 are formed in the hole joints 32 and 33 provided on the short side of the panel 31, respectively. The inner diameters of the cylindrical holes C1 and C2 of the hole joints 32 and 33 disposed on the short side and the inner diameters of the cylindrical holes of the hole joints 32 and 33 disposed on the long side are pins and rod-like members which are separate connecting members described later. If the outer diameter of these members or their cross-sectional shape is other than a circle, the outer diameter is slightly larger than the maximum outer size of the cross-section.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 4, the frame 101 is composed of panels 31-1, 31-2, and 41-1 constituting a long side wall of the frame 101 by using a plurality of panels identical to the panel 31 shown in FIG. , 41-2, a panel forming the short side wall of the unassembled frame 101, and, if necessary, a panel forming the bottom and the lid (not shown) on the side of each panel. The joints are arranged so as to be a connectable combination, and the pins 4 and the rods 5 as separate connecting members are inserted into the cylindrical holes of the hole joints and connected to be assembled as a hollow structure. Seawalls, seabeds, fishways, fish reefs, and the like are constructed by filling (filling) earth and stones and the like into the frame. In FIG. 4, the frames 101 are arranged adjacent to each other, and the panels 31-1 and 31-2 having the coaxial central axes of the connected hole joints are connected to each other by the pins 4, while the surfaces facing each other are not adjacent to each other. And the panels 31-1 and 41-2 which are not coaxial with the center axis of the hole joint after connection are connected to each other by the rod-shaped body 5 having hook-shaped portions disposed at both ends. Although the frame 101 in the present embodiment will be described as a rectangular frame in plan view for convenience of description, the frame according to the present invention is not limited to this. May be a square whose long side and short side are equal.
[0030]
Next, connection of panels will be described. First, the panels 31-1 and 31-2, which are arranged adjacent to each other and have the same central axis of the hole joint after connection, are connected to each other by bringing the panels 31-1 and 31-2 closer to each other. Cylindrical holes C1 between 32-1 and 33-1 and between hole joints 32-2 and 33-2 are arranged substantially coaxially, and pins 4a and 4b are inserted into the cylindrical holes C1. The connection between the panels 41-1 and 41-2 is the same as the connection between the panels 31-1 and 31-2, and the respective hole joints 42-1 and 43-1 and between the hole joints 42-2 and 43-2 are also similar. Is arranged substantially coaxially, and the pins 4c and 4d are inserted into the cylindrical hole C1.
[0031]
On the other hand, the connection between the panels 31-1 and 41-1 which are arranged on the facing surfaces without being adjacent to each other and whose central axes of the connected hole joints are not coaxial, face each of the panels 31-1 and 41-1. The distance between the central axes of the cylindrical holes C2 between the hole joints 32-1 and 42-1 is set to be the longitudinal dimension L5 of the rod 5 and the hook-shaped portion of the rod 5a is inserted into the cylindrical hole C2. Insert and do. The connection between the panels 31-2 and 41-2 is also similar to the connection between the panels 31-1 and 41-1 in that the distance between the central axes of the cylindrical holes C2 of the respective hole joints 33-1 and 43-1 is set. The rod-shaped body 5 is disposed so as to have the longitudinal dimension L5, and the hook-shaped part of the rod-shaped body 5b is inserted into each of the cylindrical holes C2.
[0032]
Since the assembling frame 101 is filled with debris inside after assembling the same, even if compressive stress is applied from the outside to the inside of the assembling frame 101, the medium-packed debris resists, and the rod-shaped body 5 resists compressive stress. The burden of power is small. On the other hand, the force acting from the inside to the outside of the frame 101 is a force of the side wall panel opening outward due to the weight of the debris, and a tensile force acts on the rod 5. This tensile force is slight, and a sufficient strength is secured as a rod 5 by selecting from commercially available inexpensive structural steel bars by appropriate strength design, and the opening of the frame 101 can be prevented. .
[0033]
In FIG. 4, among the joints 32, 33, 42, and 43 arranged on the short sides of the panels 31, 41, the joints 32-1, 33-1, 42-1, and 43-1 arranged upward in the figure. Are connected by a rod 5, but in addition to this, if the hole joints 32-2, 33-2, 42-2, and 43-2 arranged below in the figure are also connected by a rod, Alternatively, if the panels are connected to each other by a rod-shaped body diagonally to the frame 101 using a hole joint located at a corner of the frame 101, higher strength can be secured. FIG. 4 shows an example in which the panels arranged on the facing surfaces forming the long side walls of the frame 101 are connected to each other by the rod-shaped body 5. Even if panels (not shown) arranged on the facing surfaces forming the side walls are connected to each other with a rod-shaped body, even higher strength can be secured, and the opening of the frame 101 can be prevented. The hole joints into which the rods are inserted may be arranged on the grid in the panel in addition to the sides of the panel.
[0034]
According to the debris-filled assembling frame 101 of the present invention in the second embodiment, the panels 31 and 41 whose central axes of the hole joints after connection are not coaxial as the assembling frame are connected to each other by the rod-shaped body 5. Thus, there can be obtained a mud-filled frame capable of eliminating a necessary partition panel. In addition, omitting the partition panel results in a low-cost assembly frame. Further, since two cylindrical holes C1 and C2 are installed in the hole joints 32, 33, 42 and 43 provided on the panels 31 and 41, the panel joints adjacent to the frame 101 are formed using one hole joint. Since the panels and the panels facing each other can be connected simultaneously, there is no need to increase the number of hole joints, and a lower-cost assembly frame can be obtained.
[0035]
In this embodiment, an example is shown in which the cylindrical hole C2 for inserting the hook-like portion of the rod 5 and the cylindrical hole C1 for inserting the pin 4 are integrally formed in one hole joint. May be formed in one independent hole joint, and two or more cylindrical holes C1 into which the pins 4 are inserted may be formed in one hole joint.
[0036]
In addition, since two cylindrical holes are provided in the hole joint, the cylindrical holes are not used for inserting the rod-shaped body 5, but the cylindrical holes are used for inserting the pins 4 connecting the panels. Can also be used. Thus, for example, when two panels are arranged adjacent to each other, the first panel uses the cylindrical hole C1 of the hole joint to extend in the direction in which the long sides of the panels 31-1 and 31-2 extend. While connecting, the second panel uses the cylindrical hole C2 of the same hole joint to branch in two directions, such as connecting in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction. Can be. Furthermore, if two or more cylindrical holes are installed in the hole joint, it is possible to branch the connection direction of the panel into two or more directions, and it is possible to connect panels as many as the number of holes to be installed. Can be obtained at low cost with one type of panel.
[0037]
In the present embodiment, an example is described in which two cylindrical holes are provided only in the short-side hole joint of the panel. However, two cylindrical holes may be provided in the long-side hole joint of the panel. By installing two cylindrical holes in the hole joint on the long side of the panel, when the frame is extended upward, that is, when the short side of the side wall is extended, one cylindrical hole extends in the direction of extension of the short side. If the other cylindrical hole is used to connect the panel at right angles to the extension direction, the panel connected at right angles will become a partition panel at the top and bottom of the assembly frame. The strength of the frame is ensured. In addition, it is easy to partially form a space that is not filled with earth and stone, such as when forming a fishway or a fishing reef.
[0038]
Next, referring to FIG. 5, a description will be given of a mode of connecting a plurality of clay-filled framed frames. In FIG. 5A, the frame 101 is the same as the frame 101 shown in FIG. 4, and the frames 102 and 103 are also rectangular, like the frame 101, and have side walls and, if necessary, a bottom and a lid. And a panel made of a spheroidal graphite cast iron material.
[0039]
In FIG. 5A, the connection between the frame 101 and the frame 102 is adjacent to each other, and a panel 31-2 constituting the frame 101, wherein the center axis of the hole joint after connection is not coaxial. The panel 31-3 that constitutes the assembly frame 102 is connected by a rod-shaped body 6, which is a separate connecting member having hook-shaped portions disposed at both ends. Specifically, the assembled frame 101 and the assembled frame 102 are installed at predetermined positions on the construction site, and the respective hole joints 52-1, 53-1 of the panels 31-2, 31-3 and the holes are connected. The hooks of the rods 6a, 6b having a longitudinal dimension L6 equal to the distance between the central axes of the cylindrical holes C2 of the joints 52-2, 53-2 are inserted into and connected to the cylindrical holes C2. The rod-shaped body 6 cuts the structural steel bar into a length slightly exceeding (the distance p between the central axes of the cylindrical holes C2) + (twice the cylindrical length h of the cylindrical holes C2), and cuts the cylinder at the center thereof. The hooks may be formed by bending both ends except for the distance p (equal to the longitudinal dimension L6) between the central axes of the holes C2.
[0040]
The connection between the panels 41-2 and 41-3 is the same as the connection between the panels 31-2 and 31-3, and the respective hole joints 62-1 and 63-1 and the respective hole joints 62-2 and 63-2 are also connected. This is performed by inserting the hook-like portions of the rods 6c and 6d having a longitudinal dimension equal to the distance between the central axes of the cylindrical holes C2. Similar to the connection between the frame 101 and the frame 102, the connection between the frame 102 and the frame 103 is adjacently arranged, and the center axis of the hole joint after connection is not coaxial. The panel forming the frame 102 and the panel forming the frame 103 are connected by rods 6e, 6f, 6g, 6h. In the above-described embodiment, the hook-shaped portion of the rod 6 is inserted between the cylindrical holes C2 of the respective hole joints. However, the cylindrical hole C2 of one hole joint and the cylindrical hole C1 of the other hole joint are illustrated. The hook-shaped part of the rod-shaped body 6 may be inserted into the rod-shaped body 6, or the hook-shaped part of the rod-shaped body 6 may be inserted between the cylindrical holes C1. In this case, it goes without saying that the longitudinal dimension L6 of the rod-shaped body 6 is made equal to the distance between the central axes according to the combination of the cylindrical holes to be inserted. Further, as shown in the connection between the panels in FIG. 4 described above, it is also possible to connect the assembly frames by inserting pins instead of the rods 6 in the cylindrical holes of the hole joints.
[0041]
In FIG. 5A, an example in which three form frames are extended in the direction in which the long side of the form frame extends in one stage is illustrated. However, a plurality of form frames are horizontally and / or in accordance with the construction site. By extending upward and filling the inside of the frame with earth and stone, seawalls, seabeds, fishways, fish reefs, etc. can be constructed.
[0042]
The frame of the present embodiment can also be arranged in a curved shape along a curved curve of a construction site such as a coastline or a river bank. For example, as shown in FIG. 5B, the frames 111 to 113 are installed along the required curve of the construction site, and are arranged adjacently as described in detail in FIG. 5A. By connecting the hole joints of the panels constituting the assembled frame with the rods 16a to 16c and the pins 14, the panels are arranged in a curved shape. By changing each longitudinal dimension of the rods 16a to 16c, it is possible to correspond to an arbitrary curve. As described above, the frame according to the present embodiment can be easily and efficiently formed not only in a straight line but also in a curved frame according to the situation at the construction site.
[0043]
According to the present embodiment, a method of suspending and stacking a pre-assembled assembly frame at a place where the assembly frame is installed or using a hoist can be employed, so that the construction period can be significantly reduced. Whether or not the prefabricated assembled frame is to be filled with earth and stone may be determined based on the construction process, the situation at the construction site, the lifting capacity of the hoist, and the like. In the case where the prefabricated frame is not filled with earth and stones but is filled with earth and stones after installation, panels constituting the side walls of the frame can be omitted, so that a low-cost frame can be obtained.
[0044]
As described above, when the panel of the second embodiment is used, the frame having the bottom and the lid can be formed by one type of panel, so that a low-cost frame with few types of constituent members can be obtained. Further, according to the frame of the second embodiment, a soil-filled frame capable of eliminating the partition panel in the frame is obtained. Moreover, since the panels and the frame are connected to each other by two or more holes provided in the hole joints and pins or rods as separate connecting members made of inexpensive structural steel bars, the types of constituent members are small. It becomes a low-cost clay-filled frame.
[0045]
(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 6 is a schematic front view illustrating, in an enlarged manner, the connection of the panels of the soil-filled frame according to the third embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) illustrates a state in which straight pins are bent and connected. , (B) shows a state in which the U-shaped pins are bent and connected.
[0046]
6A, the panels 91-1 and 91-2 forming the frame are made of a spheroidal graphite cast iron material, and the pins 94a are made of a linear structural steel bar cut to a predetermined length. The hole joint 92a is provided integrally with the side of the panel 91-1 and the hole joint 93a is provided integrally with the side of the panel 91-2. The hole center axes of the respective hole joints are, for example, respectively set with respect to the extension direction of the side of the panel (up and down direction in the drawing) so that the hole center axis of the hole joint 92a and the hole center axis of the hole joint 93a do not align with each other. They are arranged with angles θ1 and θ2. When the linear pin 94a is inserted into the hole joint 92a and the hole joint 93a configured as described above, the center axis of the pin 94a is displaced from the hole center axis of the hole joints 92a and 93a. As shown in the right figure, the linear pin 94a is bent and inserted into the hole joints 92a, 93a while being in contact with the inner walls of the hole joints 92a, 93a. Since the bending of the pin 94a is accompanied by elastic deformation, the inserted pin 94a presses the inner walls of the hole joints 92a and 93a in an attempt to return to a straight line. This pressure acts as a resistance, so that the pin 94a does not come out of the hole joints 92a and 93a, and the hole joints 92a and 93a are connected to each other.
[0047]
6B, the panels 91-3 and 91-4 constituting the frame are made of a spheroidal graphite cast iron material, and the pin 94b is cut into a predetermined length and then bent into a U-shape. Consists of The hole joint 92b is provided integrally with the side of the panel 91-3, and the hole joint 93b is provided integrally with the side of the panel 91-4. The hole central axes of the hole joints 92b and 93b are coaxial with each other, that is, the hole central axes of the hole joints are aligned in a straight line. Are arranged in parallel to When the U-shaped pin 94b is inserted into the hole joint 92b and the hole joint 93b configured as described above, the center axis of the pin 94b and the hole center axes of the hole joints 92b and 93b are shifted. As shown in the right figure of b), the U-shaped pins 94b are in contact with the inner walls of the hole joints 92b and 93b, and are bent from the U-shape into straight lines to the hole joints 92b and 93b. Inserted. Since the bending of the pin 94b is accompanied by an elastic deformation, the inserted pin 94b presses the inner walls of the hole joints 92b and 93b in an attempt to return to the V-shape before insertion into the hole joint. This pressing causes resistance, so that the pin 94b does not come out of the hole joints 92b and 93b, and the hole joints 92b and 93b are connected to each other.
[0048]
The operation of inserting the pin into the hole joint can be completed easily and in a short time with a small amount of labor, since it is only necessary to hammer in with a hand hammer without using a special tool. A plurality of panels are connected using straight and / or U-shaped pins to assemble a plurality of frames, and are extended horizontally and / or upward according to the construction site, and If soil is packed inside, seawalls, reefs, etc. can be constructed.
[0049]
According to the frame of the third embodiment, the panels and the frames are connected to each other by the hole joint and the linear and / or U-shaped pins made of commercially available inexpensive structural steel bars. A low-cost debris-filled mast frame with few types can be obtained.
[0050]
If the panels of Embodiments 1 to 3 are made of spheroidal graphite cast iron, a joint structure including a panel and a hole joint can be integrally formed by casting, and mass production can be performed at low cost using a mold. After being installed as a revetment, fishing reef, etc., it is preferable because its components are eluted and an optimum environment for living organisms can be created. In particular, when the hole joint of the panel is arranged at an angle to the side of the panel, or when the hole of the hole joint is opened diagonally or in an arc with respect to the extension direction of the center axis of the side of the panel, It is difficult to join by welding or the like while maintaining the arrangement angle of the hole joint, or to machine an oblique or arc-shaped hole with a drill or the like, thereby increasing the number of manufacturing steps and costs. If it is formed using a core by casting, it is possible to easily arrange the hole joint at an angle and to form an oblique or arc-shaped hole easily and integrally with the panel.
[0051]
【Example】
(Example 1)
In the first embodiment, the panel 1 shown in FIG. 1A has a long side having a length of 460 mm, a short side having a length of 210 mm, and cylindrical holes of the joint structures 2 and 3 of the long sides facing each other. The center-to-center dimension H is 250 mm, the dimension W between the cylindrical holes of the joint structures 2 and 3 of the short sides facing each other is 500 mm, the cylindrical hole of the joint structure 2 is 18 mm in inner diameter and 40 mm in length, A panel 1 made of a spheroidal graphite cast iron material equivalent to (JIS) FCD450 was manufactured with a cylindrical hole of the joint structure 3 having an inner diameter of 18 mm and a length of 80 mm. Twelve identical panels 1 were prepared and connected using separate connecting members to obtain a single frame having a length of 500 mm × width 500 mm × depth 500 mm having a bottom and a lid.
[0052]
Further, in the first embodiment, the length of the long side of the panel 11a shown in FIG. 2A is 906 mm and the length of the short side is 460 mm, and the center of the cylindrical hole of the joint structures 2 and 3 on the sides facing the long side. The joint dimension H is 500 mm, the dimension W between the centers of the cylindrical holes of the joint structures 2 and 3 whose short sides are opposite to each other is 1000 mm, the cylindrical hole of the joint structure 2 is 18 mm in inner diameter and 40 mm in length. The panel 11a made of a spheroidal graphite cast iron material equivalent to (JIS) FCD450 was manufactured by setting the cylindrical hole of No. 3 to an inner diameter of 18 mm and a length of 80 mm.
[0053]
FIG. 7 is a schematic developed view of the frame when assembling the frame using the panel 11a of the first embodiment. In FIG. 7, the panel 11a is represented by a black circle (●), the joint structure 3 is represented by a white circle (とともに), and the panel 11a is simply represented to facilitate understanding of the connection relationship of the joint structure. The symbol A is used to identify the top and bottom (up and down). FIGS. 7A to 7D show four different types of assembly frames 201 to 204, respectively.
[0054]
In each case, a plurality of identical panels 11a having the above-mentioned dimensions were prepared and connected using a separate connecting member to form a frame having a bottom 7, a side wall 8, and a lid 9. As a result, the assembling frame 201 of FIG. 7A uses eight panels 11a and has a length of 500 mm × 1,000 mm × 1000 mm in depth, and the assembling frame 202 of FIG. A frame 203 of 500 mm × 1000 mm × 2000 mm in depth, (c) uses 14 panels 11a, and a frame 204 of 500 mm × 2000 mm × 1000 mm in depth, and a frame 204 in (d) uses 24 panels 11a. By using the same, a frame composed of one type of panel 11a having a length of 500 mm, a width of 2000 mm and a depth of 2000 mm was obtained.
[0055]
(Example 2)
In the second embodiment, the length of the long side of the panel 31 shown in FIG. 3A is 906 mm, the length of the short side is 460 mm, the length of the hole joints 32 and 33 of the opposite sides of the long side is 500 mm between the centers of the cylindrical holes, and the length is short. Assuming that the cylindrical holes of all the hole joints 32 and 33 including the cylindrical holes C1 and C2 have an inner diameter of 18 mm and a length of 40 mm, including the center-to-center dimension W1000 mm between the cylindrical holes C1 of the hole joints 32 and 33 on the sides facing each other, (JIS) A panel 31 made of a spheroidal graphite cast iron material equivalent to FCD450 was manufactured. Further, as the dimensions of the details of the panel 31, the distance S2 between the end faces of the facing hole joints (hole joints 32-1 and 32-2 in which only the short side is denoted by a sign) at the hole joint 32 is 200 mm, and the hole joint 33 The distance S3 between the end faces of the facing hole joints (hole joints 33-1 and 33-2 in which only the short side is marked with a symbol) is 110 mm, and the distance between the centers of the cylindrical holes C1 and C2 shown in FIG. The thickness t from the cylindrical holes C1 and C2 to the external shape of the hole joint was 6 mm. The main thickness of the panel 31 was 12 mm to 21 mm. Sixteen identical panels 31 were prepared, and on the other hand, a structural steel bar having a diameter of 16 mm was cut at a total length of 2400 mm, and both ends were bent at 200 mm from the end face to form hook-like portions, and a bar-shaped body 5 having a longitudinal dimension L5 of 2000 mm was prepared. Were prepared. The panel 31 was connected using separately prepared pins 4 to assemble a single frame 101 having a length of 500 mm, a width of 2,000 mm, and a depth of 2000 mm, comprising a side wall excluding a lid and a bottom. At this time, the distance between the center axes of the cylindrical joints C2 between the hole joints 32-1 and 42-1 and the hole joints 33-1 and 43-1 arranged on the surfaces facing each other on the short side of the assembly frame 101 is determined. It was 2000 mm, and the prepared rod-shaped body 5 was inserted. After that, the mast 101 was filled with debris, but a strong mast was obtained without the side wall panels being opened outward.
[0056]
(Example 3)
In the third embodiment, a panel in which the hole joints 92a and 93a shown in FIG. 6B are arranged at an angle θ1 and θ2 of 10 ° with respect to the extension direction of the sides of the panels 91-1 and 91-2, respectively. 91-1 and 91-2 were formed of a spheroidal graphite cast iron material equivalent to (JIS) FCD450. When a structural steel bar having a diameter of 16 mm was cut at a length of 90 mm and a straight pin 94a was inserted into the hole joints 92a and 93a by hammering with a hand hammer, the straight pin 94a was bent and the hole joints 92a and 93a were bent. The panels 91-1 and 91-2 could be securely connected to each other without being removed. Similarly, by combining a plurality of panels to assemble a frame, a frame having fewer types of constituent members was obtained.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a low-cost debris-filled assembling frame having a bottom portion and a lid portion and having few types of constituent members. Further, it is possible to obtain a clay-filled frame capable of eliminating the partition panel.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a panel for assembling a clay-filled frame according to a first embodiment, in which (a) is a schematic front view, and (b) shows a state where two panels are connected.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating a panel for filling a mudstone according to Embodiment 1 in which two sets of joint structures are arranged on a long side, and FIG. 2B is three sets of joint structures arranged on a long side. (C) is a schematic front view in which n sets of joint structures are arranged on the long side.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams illustrating a panel for assembling an earthen stone filling frame according to a second embodiment, in which FIG. 3A is a schematic front view and FIG. 3B is a plan view as viewed from an arrow A in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a single assembling frame according to the second embodiment.
5A is a perspective explanatory view showing a state in which three mound-filled masts in Embodiment 2 are connected, and FIG. 5B is a schematic plan view showing a state in which the masts are connected in a curved shape; It is.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic front views illustrating, in an enlarged manner, the connection of panels of the earthen stone-filled frame according to the third embodiment, in which FIG. 6A illustrates a state in which straight pins are bent and connected, and FIG. ) Shows a state in which the U-shaped pins are bent and connected.
FIG. 7 is a schematic development view of four types of frame frames according to the first embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 11a, 11b, 11c, 31, 31-1, 31-2, 31-3, 31-4, 41, 41-1, 41-2, 41-3, 91-1, 91-2, 91- 3, 91-4: Panel for filling frame in earth and stone
2, 3: Joint structure
32, 33, 42, 43, 52, 53, 62, 63, 92a, 92b, 93a, 93b: Hole joint
4, 14, 94a, 94b: pins
5, 6, 16a, 16b, 16c: rod-shaped body
7: bottom
8: Side wall
9: Lid
101, 102, 103, 111, 112, 113, 201, 202, 203, 204: Frame
C1, C2: Cylindrical hole
L5, L6: longitudinal dimension of rod-shaped body
p: distance between central axes of cylindrical holes
h: cylindrical length of cylindrical hole
t: wall thickness
θ1, θ2: Angle
H: Dimension between the centers of the holes of the joint structure on the opposite side of the long side of the panel
W: hole center dimension of the joint structure of the opposite side of the short side of the panel

Claims

In the case of a rectangular soil-filled framing panel in which joint structures are arranged on four sides, when combined with other panels, two types of joint structures that can be connected to each other by using separate connecting members are provided on opposite sides. A panel for filling in a mudstone, which is provided respectively.

Short side facing two types of joint structures that can be connected to each other by using a separate connecting member when combining with other panels in a rectangular earthen stone filling frame panel in which joint structures are arranged on four sides Wherein the two types of joint structures are alternately arranged so that the two types of joint structures face the long sides of the panel (n is a natural number).

A debris-filled assembling panel for connecting a plurality of panels by inserting pins into a hole joint provided on the panel, wherein two or more holes are provided in the hole joint. Panel for frame.

4. The panel according to claim 1, wherein the panel is made of a spheroidal graphite cast iron material. 5.

4. The debris-filled assembling frame comprising the panels according to claim 3, wherein panels whose central axes of the connected hole joints are not coaxial are connected by a rod-shaped body. 5. frame.

In a debris-filled assembling frame for connecting a plurality of panels by inserting a pin into a hole joint provided on a panel, a center axis of the pin and a hole center axis of the hole joint are shifted. Frame.