JP2004024248A - Strictly-brewed light-colored soy sauce and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Strictly-brewed light-colored soy sauce and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP2004024248A
JP2004024248A JP2003126252A JP2003126252A JP2004024248A JP 2004024248 A JP2004024248 A JP 2004024248A JP 2003126252 A JP2003126252 A JP 2003126252A JP 2003126252 A JP2003126252 A JP 2003126252A JP 2004024248 A JP2004024248 A JP 2004024248A
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soy sauce
light
lactic acid
total nitrogen
brewed
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JP2003126252A
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Japanese (ja)
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Yoshinobu Mogi
茂木 喜信
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Yamasa Shoyu KK
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Yamasa Shoyu KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a strictly-brewed soy sauce having a good taste with full body, although its color is light, to provide a method for producing the same, and to provide a halotolerant lactobacillus capable of being used in the method. <P>SOLUTION: The strictly-brewed light-colored soy sauce has a chromaticity number of ≥40, when measured according to JAS analytical method, and a total nitrogen content of ≥1.2 %(w/v), and further contains a direct reducing sugar component in a ratio of ≥4.5 %(w/v) per 1.0 %(w/v) of the total nitrogen content. The method for producing the soy sauce comprises managing to keep a brewing temperature at 10-20°C, after raw materials are charged. The halotolerant lactobacillus belongs to Tetragenococcus halophilus and has such a characteristic that its growth reachs a stationary phase within two weeks, when the bacillus is cultured at 10-15°C by using such a culture medium as to have a total nitrogen content of ≥1.0 %(w/v) and a common salt content of ≥15 %(w/v) and to be controlled at a pH 5.5 to 7.0. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、色が淡くてもコクのあるうま味を有する本醸造淡色醤油、その製法及びその製造に使用可能な耐塩性乳酸菌に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
日本農林規格(JAS)には、醤油の製造法として本醸造方式、新式醸造方式、アミノ酸混合方式などがあり、そのなかでも本醸造方式で製造された醤油が品質的に最良なものとされている。
本醸造方式で製造された醤油には、原料や醸造方法の違いにより、濃口(こいくち)醤油、淡口(うすくち)醤油、溜(たまり)醤油、白(しろ)醤油、再仕込(さいしこみ)醤油などがあり、それぞれの特長に応じた使い分がなされている。たとえば、淡口醤油や白醤油は、色彩が淡く着色を好まない加工品の調味用として広く使用されている。
【0003】
しかしながら、市販されている淡口醤油は、淡いものでも醤油の色度が30番程度であり(JASの規格における淡口醤油・特級は22番以上と規定されている。なお、色度の番号は色の濃淡を示し、番号が大きいほど色が淡くなる。)、着色を抑え、素材の色合いを損ねたくない加工品の調味には必ずしも適さない場合があった。また、白醤油は、淡口醤油よりも色は淡いものの、大豆原料を極く少量しか使用していないため、大豆原料に由来するコクのあるうま味がなく、調味の点で満足できない場合があった。
【0004】
従来、上記のような欠点を克服するため、コクのあるうま味を有する淡色醤油の製造が2つの方向から検討されてきた。1つは、通常の方法で得られた濃口醤油や淡口醤油を樹脂や膜を用いて脱色する方法であり、もう1つは、特開平7−31410号公報記載の方法に代表されるように、原料処理や発酵管理を変更することでコクのあるうま味を有する淡色醤油を製造しようとする方法である。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開平7−31410号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、樹脂や膜を用いて醤油を脱色する方法は、それらの処理が色以外の味覚成分や香気成分のバランスにも影響を及ぼし、脱色できたとしても官能的な評価の点で未処理の本醸造醤油よりも劣ったものになってしまうという欠点があった。また、もう1つの原料処理や発酵管理を変更する方法は、変更された原料処理方法や発酵管理方法が煩雑であり、結果として製品単価の上昇を招き、安価な醤油の製造法としては必ずしも満足できるものではなかった。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
かかる実状に鑑み、本発明者は、官能的な評価が本醸造の濃口醤油にも劣らず、コクのあるうま味を有する淡色醤油の簡便かつ安価な製造法を見いだすべく鋭意検討を重ねた結果、仕込み後の温度を10〜20℃の範囲内に一定に維持するという極めて簡便な方法でコクのあるうま味を有する淡色醤油を製造可能であることを見い出した。
【0008】
この知見を更に検討した結果、低温での生育能に優れた耐塩性乳酸菌を添加することで、JAS分析法による色度が40番以上で、全窒素分が1.2%(w/v)以上で、かつ全窒素1.0%(w/v)あたりの直接還元糖分の割合が4.5%(w/v)以上であり、コクのあるうま味を有する本醸造淡色醤油が安定した品質で製造できることを見いだし、本発明を完成させた。
【0009】
したがって、本発明は、JAS分析法による色度が40番以上で、全窒素分が1.2%(w/v)以上で、かつ全窒素1.0%(w/v)あたりの直接還元糖分の割合が4.5%(w/v)以上である本醸造淡色醤油に関するものである。この醤油は、大豆由来のコクのあるうま味を有し、食材に、着色させることなく醤油本来の味覚と風味を付与できる今までにない醤油である。
【0010】
また、本発明は、仕込後の温度を10〜20℃の範囲内で維持管理することを特徴とする、上記の本醸造淡色醤油の製造法、好ましくはこの方法に低温での生育能に優れた耐塩性乳酸菌を添加する方法に関するものである。これらの製法は、上記のコクのあるうま味を有する本醸造淡色醤油を安定した品質で製造することができる。
【0011】
さらに、本発明は、上記方法で使用可能な、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス属に属し、全窒素分1.0%(w/v)以上、食塩分15%(w/v)以上、及びpH5.5〜7.0に調整した培地を用い、10〜15℃で培養した時に2週間以内で生育が定常期に達することを特徴とする耐塩性乳酸菌に関するものである。このような乳酸菌の代表例としてはテトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2(生命工学工業技術研究所受託番号 FERM BP−7513)を例示することができ、低温でも安定した乳酸発酵を行うことができるので、上記のコクのあるうま味を有する本醸造淡色醤油を製造するのに有用である。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の本醸造淡色醤油の製造に使用するタンパク質原料としては、丸大豆または脱脂加工大豆が例示される。より淡色を求める場合には丸大豆を使用するのが好ましく、その処理方法や条件は、通常の醤油の製造時に行われる方法・条件と同じである。
また、炭水化物原料としては、通常の醤油と同様に加熱変性後、割砕した小麦または市販の加工小麦(「こうじむぎ」(日清製粉)など)を使用することができ、特に淡色用に調製された加工小麦が好ましい。
タンパク質原料と炭水化物原料の配合比は、重量比で20:80〜80:20、特に40:60〜60:40が好ましい。
【0013】
処理して得られた上記原料を混合後、麹菌を接種して製麹し、発酵タンクに仕込み、温度を制御しながら発酵を行わせることで、色彩が淡く、かつコクのあるうま味を有する本発明の本醸造淡色醤油を得ることができる。
発酵管理において最も重要な点は、仕込後の温度を10〜20℃の範囲内で、できるだけ一定に維持管理することである。
従来の淡口醤油の製造は、仕込後1ヶ月間位は10〜20℃に維持し、その後25〜30℃に維持し、トータル3ヶ月間程度発酵させる方法が一般的である(特開平7−31410号公報参照)。しかしながら、このような従来の温度管理では色度が40番以上で、全窒素分が1.2%(w/v)以上の本発明の本醸造淡色醤油を得ることはできず、上記したように仕込後の温度を10〜20℃の範囲内でできるだけ一定に維持管理し、3〜4ヶ月程度醸造することにより初めて製造することができる。
【0014】
さらに、醤油の場合にはいわゆる開放系で発酵が行われるため、仕込む直後の乳酸発酵がスムーズに進行しない場合もある。このような時には、乳酸菌、特に低温での生育能に優れた耐塩性乳酸菌を添加することにより本発明の本醸造淡色醤油を安定した品質で製造することができる。
使用する乳酸菌としては、醤油醸造に使用されている耐塩性乳酸菌であればよく、より好ましくはテトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス属に属し、全窒素分1.0%(w/v)以上、食塩分15%(w/v)以上、及びpH5.5〜7.0に調整した培地を用い、10〜15℃で培養した時に2週間以内で生育が定常期に達するような低温での生育能の優れた耐塩性乳酸菌である。
【0015】
このような乳酸菌は通常の醤油諸味から分離可能で、その代表例としては、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2(生命工学工業技術研究所受託番号 FERM BP−7513)を例示することができる。
この乳酸菌(本菌株)は本発明者によって醤油諸味より分離されたもので、菌学的には以下の性質を有する。
1)形態的性質
本菌株の栄養細胞は0.6〜0.8ミクロンの球菌であり、テトラッドを作り、二連状のものもある。また、運動性はなく、胞子は形成せず、グラム染色の結果は陽性である。
【0016】
2)生理的性質
(1)カタラーゼ;陰性、
(2)硝酸塩の還元;陰性、
(3)グルコースからの酸の生成;陽性、
(4)グルコースからのガスの生成;陰性、
(5)発酵形式;ホモ型、
(6)生育の範囲;pH5.5〜9.0で生育し、最適なpHは7.0、温度は15〜30℃で良く生育し、45℃以上では生育しない。
(7)塩化ナトリウムの耐性;塩化ナトリウム3〜6%(w/v)で最もよく生育し、塩化ナトリウム20%(w/v)の濃度でも生育し、強い耐塩性を有する。
【0017】
3)DNAの相同性
理化学研究所微生物系統保存施設の保存菌株であるテトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラスJCM5888に対するDNAの相同性は104%である。
4)菌株の低温発酵性
本菌株とテトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラスJCM5888との低温下での生育と乳酸発酵について試験した結果、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラスJCM 5888株と比較し、本菌株は低温での生育が旺盛であり、乳酸発酵も行われていることが判明した。
【0018】
このような形態的、生理学的な性質およびDNAの相同性の試験結果から、本菌株はテトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラスに属すると考えられるが、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラスJCM5888とは低温での生育が異なることから、本菌株を新菌株であると同定した。
【0019】
乳酸菌の添加時期は、例えば麹に添加する場合には製麹が殆ど完了した時期がよく、諸味に添加する場合には仕込み時から酵母によりアルコールが生成されるまでの間が好ましい。また、添加量は、諸味1g当たり10〜10個程度が好ましい。
前記の温度管理以外は通常の醤油の醸造管理と同様に管理し、熟成諸味を得、常法により圧搾、製成、必要により火入を行い、製品醤油(生醤油あるいは火入醤油)とする。
【0020】
このような方法で得られた本発明の本醸造淡色醤油は、JAS分析法による色度が40番以上で、全窒素分が1.2%(w/v)以上で、かつ全窒素1.0%(w/v)あたりの直接還元糖分の割合が4.5%(w/v)以上である。このような本醸造淡色醤油の中でも、色度が46番以上で、全窒素分が1.5%(w/v)以上で、かつ全窒素1.0%(w/v)あたりの直接還元糖分の割合が5.0%(w/v)以上である淡色醤油は、白醤油なみの色度を有し、かつ濃口醤油なみの窒素濃度と直接還元糖分量を有することから、色彩が淡く、かつコクのあるうま味を有する本醸造醤油である。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
本発明の本醸造淡色醤油は、色彩が極めて淡く、コクのあるうま味を有し、官能的にも本醸造と同等の醤油であり、着色を好まない加工品の調味料として極めて優れたものである。また、本発明の本醸造淡色醤油は、果実様のエステル臭も有し、香気的にも好ましいものであった。
また、本発明の製造法は、上記のコクのあるうま味を有する本醸造淡色醤油を安定した品質で製造することができる。
さらに、本発明の乳酸菌は、低温でも安定した乳酸発酵を行うことができるので、上記のコクのあるうま味を有する本醸造淡色醤油を製造するのに有用である。
【0022】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を示し、本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明がこれに限定されないことは明らかである。
【0023】
実施例1
(1)乳酸菌の分離
醤油諸味を適当に希釈し、生揚げ醤油20%(w/v)、酵母エキス0.5%(w/v)、ペプトン0.5%(w/v)、グルコース0.5%(w/v)、リン酸二水素カリウム0.5%(w/v)、食塩12%(w/v)、pH6.0の培地にて10〜15℃で1週間静置培養を行った。1週間経過後、培養液を新たな同組成の培地に接種し、これを4回繰り返し培養した。4回目の培養終了後、同組成の培地に寒天を1.5%(w/v)加えた平板培地にて嫌気培養を15℃で10日間行った。該平板上のコロニーを無作為に、仕込み初期の諸味液汁に接種し、15℃で10日間培養して生育度を測定し、特に生育の早い順から分離株4株を得、最も生育の早い菌株をテトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2株とした。
【0024】
(2)生育能試験
分離株の醤油諸味における生育能をより厳密に試験するため、仕込み後2週間経過した諸味液汁を食塩15%(w/v)、pH6.0に調整後、無菌濾過して培地とし、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラスJCM 5888株とテトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2株の両菌株を15℃で2週間静置培養し、その生育能を比較した。
その結果、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2株の15℃での生育能は、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス JCM5888の15℃での生育能の約6.7倍の生育能を有していた。
【0025】
(3)乳酸発酵能試験
テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2株を生揚げ醤油20%(w/v)、酵母エキス0.5%(w/v)、ペプトン0.5%(w/v)、グルコース0.5%(w/v)、リン酸二水素カリウム0.5%(w/v)、食塩12%(w/v)、pH6.0の培地で培養して培養液を得た。
常法により調製した醤油麹3.5kgを塩水5.4リットル(L)と混合し、発酵タンクに仕込んだ後、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2株の該液体培養液10ml(諸味1g当たり10個以上の菌体量)を添加した。その後、15℃で諸味管理し、乳酸発酵を試験した。
【0026】
また、対照としてテトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラスJCM 5888株を添加した諸味についても同様に試験した。なお、諸味の乳酸量は諸味を東洋濾紙株式会社製の定性濾紙No2で自然濾過し、その濾過液を昭和電工株式会社製有機酸分析セットShodex OAにより分析した。また、耐塩性乳酸菌数は、諸味を適当に希釈し、生揚げ醤油20%(w/v)、酵母エキス0.5%(w/v)、ペプトン0.5%(w/v)、グルコース0.5%(w/v)、リン酸二水素カリウム0.5%(w/v)、食塩12%(w/v)、寒天1.5%(w/v)の寒天平板培地(pH6.0)で嫌気的に30℃で5日間行い、該平板上に出現したコロニー数を計測して算出した。
【0027】
乳酸発酵期の乳酸量及び耐塩性乳酸菌数を図1と図2に示した。図に示したように、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2株を添加した諸味でのみ乳酸発酵が行われ、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラスJCM 5888株を添加した諸味では乳酸発酵はほとんど行われなかった。また、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2株添加では生菌数は諸味1gあたり最大で10個の生菌数に達しており、淡口醤油の通常の温度経過で認められる乳酸発酵と同程度の乳酸生成量を示すことも明らかとなった。
【0028】
実施例2
丸大豆6kgに25Lの水を加え1晩浸漬後、高圧蒸煮缶にて蒸煮圧力4kg/cmで10分蒸煮を行った。この蒸煮大豆に加熱変性後、割砕した小麦を5.2kgを加え、種麹と共に混合し、製麹を行った。得られた麹を冷塩水と共に仕込み、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2株の該液体培養液を諸味1g当たり10個程度の菌体量になるように添加し、仕込み直後10℃、2週間後に15℃〜18℃とし、3ヶ月間醸造し、色の淡い本醸造醤油を得た。
【0029】
実施例3
割砕小麦に代え、加工小麦〔日清製粉(株)製;こうじ麦E〕を使用する以外は、実施例2と同様に処理、管理し、色の淡い本醸造醤油を得た。
実施例4
丸大豆に代え、脱脂大豆5kgに7Lの水を加え1時間混合後、高圧蒸煮缶にて蒸煮圧力4kg/cmで10分蒸煮したものを使用し、割砕小麦に代え、加工小麦〔日清製粉(株)製;こうじ麦E〕を使用する以外は、実施例2と同様に処理、管理し、色の淡い本醸造醤油を得た。
【0030】
比較例
脱脂大豆5kgに7Lの水を加え1時間混合後、高圧蒸煮缶にて蒸煮圧力4kg/cmで10分蒸煮を行った。この蒸煮脱脂大豆に加熱変性後、割砕した小麦を5.2kgを加え、種麹と共に混合し、製麹を行った。得られた麹を冷塩水と共に仕込み、仕込み直後10〜15℃、1ヶ月後に25℃〜30℃まで温度を上げ、トータル3ヶ月間醸造し、標準的な淡口醤油を得た。
【0031】
実施例2〜4および比較例の方法において得られる醤油の全窒素分(TN)、pH、色度及び還元糖量(%)を測定した結果を表1に示す。また、比較例の方法において得られた淡口醤油を活性炭樹脂により脱色し実施例2の醤油の色度に合わせたものと、実施例2の本発明の淡色醤油とを熟練のパネラーにより香味を評価した。その官能評価の結果を表2に示す。
これらの結果から明らかなように、本発明の醤油は、白醤油なみの色度と濃口醤油なみの窒素濃度と直接還元糖分量を有し、官能的にもコクのあるうま味を有する本醸造醤油である。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 2004024248
【0033】
【表2】
Figure 2004024248
【0034】
【受託証】
Figure 2004024248
【0035】
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2株を添加した諸味での乳酸発酵時の乳酸量及び耐塩性乳酸菌数を示したものである。
【図2】図2は、テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラスJCM 5888株を添加した諸味での乳酸発酵時の乳酸量及び耐塩性乳酸菌数を示したものである。[0001]
[Industrial applications]
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a brewed light-colored soy sauce having a rich umami even though its color is light, a method for producing the same, and a salt-tolerant lactic acid bacterium usable for the production.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The Japanese Agriculture and Forestry Standards (JAS) includes soy sauce production methods such as the main brewing method, the new brewing method, and the amino acid mixing method. Among them, the soy sauce produced by this brewing method is considered to be the best in quality. I have.
The soy sauce produced by this brewing method has different ingredients and brewing methods, depending on the difference in raw materials and brewing methods, soy sauce, light soup, tamari soy sauce, white soy sauce, and re-stocking. ) There are soy sauces, etc., which are used according to their characteristics. For example, light mouth soy sauce and white soy sauce are widely used for seasoning processed products which are pale in color and do not like coloring.
[0003]
However, commercially available light-mouthed soy sauce has a chromaticity of about 30 even if it is pale (the light-colored soy sauce / special grade in the JAS standard is specified to be 22 or more. The chromaticity number is color. The higher the number, the lighter the color.), And in some cases, it is not always suitable for the seasoning of a processed product that suppresses coloring and does not want to impair the color of the material. Also, although white soy sauce is lighter in color than light soy sauce, it uses only a very small amount of soy material, so there is no rich umami derived from soy material and it may not be satisfactory in terms of seasoning. .
[0004]
Conventionally, in order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks, production of a light-colored soy sauce having a rich umami has been studied from two directions. One is a method of decolorizing a dark soy sauce or a light soy sauce obtained by an ordinary method using a resin or a membrane, and the other is a method as typified by a method described in JP-A-7-31410. This is a method for producing a light-colored soy sauce having a rich umami by changing the raw material processing and the fermentation management.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-7-31410
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the method of decolorizing soy sauce using a resin or a film is untreated in terms of sensory evaluation, even if decolorization can be achieved, because those treatments also affect the balance of taste components and aroma components other than color. There was a drawback that it became inferior to this brewed soy sauce. Another method of changing the raw material processing and fermentation management is complicated in the changed raw material processing method and fermentation management method, resulting in an increase in the unit price of the product, and is not necessarily satisfactory as a method for producing inexpensive soy sauce. I couldn't do it.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of such circumstances, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to find a simple and inexpensive method for producing a light-colored soy sauce having a rich umami taste with a sensory evaluation not inferior to that of the deep-brewed soy sauce of the present brewing. It has been found that a light-colored soy sauce having a rich umami can be produced by an extremely simple method of keeping the temperature after the preparation constant in the range of 10 to 20 ° C.
[0008]
As a result of further study of this finding, the addition of salt-tolerant lactic acid bacteria having excellent growth ability at low temperatures gives a chromaticity of 40 or more by JAS analysis and a total nitrogen content of 1.2% (w / v). In addition, the ratio of the direct reducing sugar content per 1.0% (w / v) of total nitrogen is 4.5% (w / v) or more, and this brewed light-colored soy sauce having rich umami has a stable quality. And completed the present invention.
[0009]
Therefore, the present invention relates to a direct reduction method in which the chromaticity by JAS analysis is 40 or more, the total nitrogen content is 1.2% (w / v) or more, and the total nitrogen content is 1.0% (w / v). The present invention relates to the present brewed light-colored soy sauce having a sugar content of 4.5% (w / v) or more. This soy sauce has a rich umami taste derived from soybeans and is an unprecedented soy sauce that can impart the original taste and flavor of soy sauce without coloring the ingredients.
[0010]
In addition, the present invention is characterized in that the temperature after the preparation is maintained and controlled within a range of 10 to 20 ° C., and the method for producing the above-mentioned brewed light-colored soy sauce, preferably has excellent low-temperature growth ability. And a method for adding a salt-tolerant lactic acid bacterium. According to these production methods, this brewed light-colored soy sauce having the above-mentioned rich umami can be produced with stable quality.
[0011]
Furthermore, the present invention belongs to the genus Tetragenococcus halophilus, which can be used in the above method, and has a total nitrogen content of 1.0% (w / v) or more, a salt content of 15% (w / v) or more, and a pH of 5. The present invention relates to a salt-tolerant lactic acid bacterium characterized in that the growth reaches a stationary phase within 2 weeks when cultured at 10 to 15 ° C. using a medium adjusted to 5 to 7.0. A typical example of such a lactic acid bacterium is Tetragenococcus halophilus YSTLG-2 (Accession No. FERM BP-7513, Biotechnology and Industrial Technology Research Institute), which enables stable lactic acid fermentation even at low temperatures. It is useful for producing the present brewed light-colored soy sauce having the above-mentioned rich umami.
[0012]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Examples of the protein raw material used for producing the present brewed light-colored soy sauce of the present invention include whole soybeans and defatted soybeans. To obtain a lighter color, it is preferable to use whole soybeans, and the processing method and conditions are the same as the methods and conditions used in the production of ordinary soy sauce.
In addition, as a carbohydrate raw material, as in the case of ordinary soy sauce, after heat denaturation, cracked wheat or commercially available processed wheat (such as “Kojimugi” (Nisshin Flour Milling)) can be used, and especially prepared for light colors Processed wheat is preferred.
The mixing ratio of the protein raw material and the carbohydrate raw material is preferably 20:80 to 80:20 by weight, particularly preferably 40:60 to 60:40.
[0013]
After mixing the above raw materials obtained by the treatment, inoculating koji mold to make koji, charging in a fermentation tank, and performing fermentation while controlling the temperature, this book has a light color and rich umami. The brewed light-colored soy sauce of the present invention can be obtained.
The most important point in the fermentation management is to maintain and maintain the temperature after the preparation as constant as possible within the range of 10 to 20 ° C.
In the conventional production of light soy sauce, a method is generally used in which fermentation is maintained at 10 to 20 ° C. for about one month after preparation and then at 25 to 30 ° C. for a total of about three months (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-1995). No. 31410). However, such conventional temperature control cannot provide a brewed light-colored soy sauce of the present invention having a chromaticity of No. 40 or more and a total nitrogen content of 1.2% (w / v) or more, as described above. The temperature can be maintained as constant as possible within the range of 10 to 20 ° C. and brewed for about 3 to 4 months.
[0014]
Furthermore, in the case of soy sauce, since the fermentation is performed in a so-called open system, lactic acid fermentation immediately after charging may not proceed smoothly. In such a case, the brewed light-colored soy sauce of the present invention can be manufactured with stable quality by adding lactic acid bacteria, particularly salt-tolerant lactic acid bacteria having excellent growth ability at low temperatures.
The lactic acid bacterium used may be any salt-tolerant lactic acid bacterium used for brewing soy sauce, and more preferably belongs to the genus Tetragenococcus halophilus, and has a total nitrogen content of 1.0% (w / v) or more and a salt content of 15% or more. % (W / v) or more, and using a medium adjusted to pH 5.5 to 7.0, when grown at 10 to 15 ° C., has excellent growth ability at low temperatures such that growth reaches a stationary phase within 2 weeks. It is a salt-tolerant lactic acid bacterium.
[0015]
Such a lactic acid bacterium can be separated from ordinary soy sauce moromi, and a typical example thereof is Tetragenococcus halophilus YSTLG-2 (accession number: FERM BP-7513, Institute of Biotechnology and Industrial Technology).
This lactic acid bacterium (the present strain) was isolated from soy sauce moromi by the present inventors and has the following microbiological properties.
1) Morphological properties The vegetative cells of this strain are cocci of 0.6-0.8 micron and form tetrads, and some are in a double-line form. In addition, there is no motility, no spores are formed, and the result of Gram staining is positive.
[0016]
2) physiological properties (1) catalase; negative,
(2) reduction of nitrate; negative;
(3) production of acid from glucose; positive;
(4) production of gas from glucose; negative;
(5) Fermentation format; homo-form,
(6) Growth range: Growing at pH 5.5 to 9.0, optimally growing at pH 7.0 and temperature of 15 to 30 ° C, and not growing at 45 ° C or higher.
(7) Sodium chloride resistance: It grows best at 3 to 6% (w / v) sodium chloride, grows even at a concentration of 20% (w / v) sodium chloride, and has strong salt tolerance.
[0017]
3) Homology of DNA The homology of DNA to Tetragenococcus halophilus JCM5888, which is a conserved strain of the RIKEN Microorganism strain preservation facility, is 104%.
4) Low-temperature fermentability of the strain The growth of this strain and Tetragenococcus halophilus JCM5888 at low temperature and lactic acid fermentation were tested. It was found that lactic acid fermentation was also performed.
[0018]
Based on the results of such morphological and physiological properties and DNA homology tests, it is considered that this strain belongs to Tetragenococcus halophilus, but the growth at low temperature is different from that of Tetragenococcus halophilus JCM5888. As a result, this strain was identified as a new strain.
[0019]
For example, when lactic acid bacteria are added to koji, it is preferable that koji-making is almost completed, and when added to moromi, it is preferably from the time of preparation to the time when alcohol is produced by yeast. Further, the amount of addition is preferably about 10 2 to 10 6 per 1 g of moromi.
Except for the temperature control described above, control is performed in the same manner as normal soy sauce brewing control to obtain an aged moromi, squeezed, produced, and if necessary, burned by a conventional method to obtain a product soy sauce (raw soy sauce or hot soy sauce). .
[0020]
The brewed light-colored soy sauce of the present invention obtained by such a method has a chromaticity determined by JAS analysis of No. 40 or more, a total nitrogen content of 1.2% (w / v) or more, and a total nitrogen content of 1.0% or more. The ratio of the direct reducing sugar content per 0% (w / v) is 4.5% (w / v) or more. Among such lightly brewed light-colored soy sauces, chromaticity is 46 or more, total nitrogen content is 1.5% (w / v) or more, and direct reduction per 1.0% (w / v) of total nitrogen Light-colored soy sauce having a sugar content of 5.0% (w / v) or more has a chromaticity similar to that of white soy sauce, and has a nitrogen concentration similar to that of dark soy sauce and a direct reducing sugar content, so that the color is light. This brewed soy sauce has a rich, umami taste.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
The brewed light-colored soy sauce of the present invention has an extremely pale color, has a rich umami taste, is soy sauce functionally equivalent to that of the brewed sake, and is extremely excellent as a seasoning for processed products that do not like coloring. is there. Further, the brewed light-colored soy sauce of the present invention also had a fruity ester odor and was also preferable in aroma.
Further, the production method of the present invention can produce the brewed light-colored soy sauce having the above-mentioned rich umami with stable quality.
Furthermore, the lactic acid bacterium of the present invention can perform stable lactic acid fermentation even at a low temperature, and is therefore useful for producing the above-mentioned light brewed light-colored soy sauce having a rich umami taste.
[0022]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to Examples, but it is apparent that the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0023]
Example 1
(1) Isolation of lactic acid bacteria Soy sauce moromi is appropriately diluted, fried soy sauce 20% (w / v), yeast extract 0.5% (w / v), peptone 0.5% (w / v), glucose 0.1%. 5% (w / v), 0.5% (w / v) of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12% (w / v) of common salt, and a stationary culture at 10 to 15 ° C. for 1 week in a pH 6.0 medium. went. One week later, the culture solution was inoculated into a new medium having the same composition, and this was repeatedly cultured four times. After completion of the fourth culture, anaerobic culture was performed at 15 ° C. for 10 days on a plate medium obtained by adding 1.5% (w / v) of agar to a medium having the same composition. The colonies on the plate are randomly inoculated into the moromi sap at the beginning of preparation, and cultured at 15 ° C. for 10 days to measure the degree of growth. In particular, four isolates are obtained in the order of early growth, and the fastest growing is obtained. The strain was designated as Tetragenococcus halophilus YSTLG-2 strain.
[0024]
(2) Growth performance test In order to more rigorously test the growth performance of the isolate in soy sauce moromi, the moromi sap 2 weeks after preparation was adjusted to 15% salt (w / v), pH 6.0, and then sterile filtered. As a medium, both strains of Tetragenococcus halophilus JCM 5888 strain and Tetragenococcus halophilus strain YSTLG-2 were statically cultured at 15 ° C. for 2 weeks, and their growth abilities were compared.
As a result, the growth ability of the Tetragenococcus halophilus YSTLG-2 strain at 15 ° C. was about 6.7 times that of the tetragenococcus halophilus JCM5888 at 15 ° C.
[0025]
(3) Lactic acid fermentation ability test Tetragenococcus halophilus strain YSTLG-2 was fried, soy sauce 20% (w / v), yeast extract 0.5% (w / v), peptone 0.5% (w / v), A culture solution was obtained by culturing in a medium containing 0.5% (w / v) of glucose, 0.5% (w / v) of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 12% (w / v) of common salt and pH 6.0.
3.5 kg of soy sauce koji prepared by a conventional method was mixed with 5.4 liters (L) of salt water and charged in a fermentation tank. Then, 10 ml of the liquid culture of Tetragenococcus halophilus YSTLG-2 (10 ml per 1 g of moromi) was mixed. 5 or more cells). Thereafter, moromi was controlled at 15 ° C., and lactic acid fermentation was tested.
[0026]
In addition, moromi with the addition of Tetragenococcus halophilus JCM 5888 as a control was similarly tested. The amount of lactic acid in the moromi was naturally filtered using a qualitative filter paper No. 2 manufactured by Toyo Roshi Kaisha, Ltd., and the filtrate was analyzed using an organic acid analysis set Shodex OA manufactured by Showa Denko KK. In addition, the number of salt-tolerant lactic acid bacteria was determined by appropriately diluting moromi, fried soy sauce 20% (w / v), yeast extract 0.5% (w / v), peptone 0.5% (w / v), glucose 0 0.5% (w / v), potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5% (w / v), common salt 12% (w / v), agar 1.5% (w / v) agar plate medium (pH 6.5) 0) was performed anaerobically at 30 ° C. for 5 days, and the number of colonies appearing on the plate was counted and calculated.
[0027]
The amount of lactic acid and the number of salt-tolerant lactic acid bacteria during the lactic acid fermentation period are shown in FIGS. As shown in the figure, lactic acid fermentation was performed only in the moromi with the addition of Tetragenococcus halophilus YSTLG-2 strain, and lactic acid fermentation was hardly performed in the moromi with the addition of Tetragenococcus halophilus JCM5888 strain. Also, the viable cell number in Tetragenococcus-halophilus YSTLG-2 strain added has reached up to 10 8 viable cells per moromi 1g, lactic acid fermentation as much of the observed in normal temperature course of pale Shoyu It was also clarified to show lactic acid production.
[0028]
Example 2
After adding 25 L of water to 6 kg of round soybeans and soaking overnight, the mixture was steamed in a high-pressure steaming can at a steaming pressure of 4 kg / cm 2 for 10 minutes. After heat denaturation of this steamed soybean, 5.2 kg of cracked wheat was added and mixed with seed koji to make koji. The resulting koji was charged with cold brine was added to liquid culture of Tetragenococcus-halophilus YSTLG-2 strain so that the amount of cell bodies 10 about 5 per moromi 1g, was charged immediately after 10 ° C., 2 weeks Thereafter, the temperature was adjusted to 15 ° C. to 18 ° C., and the wine was brewed for 3 months to obtain a light-colored main brewed soy sauce.
[0029]
Example 3
Except for using processed wheat (manufactured by Nisshin Flour Milling Co., Ltd .; Koji barley E) in place of cracked wheat, the same treatment and management as in Example 2 was carried out to obtain a light-colored main brewed soy sauce.
Example 4
Instead of whole soybeans, 7 L of water was added to 5 kg of defatted soybeans, mixed for 1 hour, and then steamed in a high-pressure steaming can at a steaming pressure of 4 kg / cm 2 for 10 minutes. Except for using Koji-Mitsui Co., Ltd .; Koji Barley E], treatment and management were carried out in the same manner as in Example 2 to obtain a light-colored main brewed soy sauce.
[0030]
Comparative Example 7 L of water was added to 5 kg of defatted soybeans, mixed for 1 hour, and steamed for 10 minutes at a steaming pressure of 4 kg / cm 2 in a high-pressure steaming can. After heat denaturation of this steamed defatted soybean, 5.2 kg of cracked wheat was added and mixed with seed koji to produce koji. The obtained koji was charged together with cold salt water, and immediately after the charging, the temperature was raised to 10 to 15 ° C., and one month later, the temperature was raised to 25 ° C. to 30 ° C., and brewed for a total of 3 months to obtain standard light-mouthed soy sauce.
[0031]
Table 1 shows the results of measuring the total nitrogen content (TN), pH, chromaticity, and amount of reducing sugar (%) of the soy sauce obtained by the methods of Examples 2 to 4 and Comparative Example. The flavor of the light-colored soy sauce obtained in the method of Comparative Example, which was decolorized with activated carbon resin to match the chromaticity of the soy sauce of Example 2, and the light-colored soy sauce of the present invention of Example 2 were evaluated by a skilled panelist. did. Table 2 shows the results of the sensory evaluation.
As is apparent from these results, the soy sauce of the present invention has a chromaticity comparable to that of white soy sauce, a nitrogen concentration comparable to that of dark soy sauce and a direct reducing sugar content, and has a sensual rich umami taste. It is.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004024248
[0033]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004024248
[0034]
[Contract Certificate]
Figure 2004024248
[0035]
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows the amount of lactic acid and the number of salt-tolerant lactic acid bacteria during lactic acid fermentation in moromi with the addition of Tetragenococcus halophilus YSTLG-2 strain.
FIG. 2 shows the amount of lactic acid and the number of salt-tolerant lactic acid bacteria during lactic acid fermentation in moromi with the addition of Tetragenococcus halophilus JCM 5888 strain.

Claims (5)

JAS分析法による色度が40番以上で、全窒素分が1.2%(w/v)以上で、かつ全窒素1.0%(w/v)あたりの直接還元糖分の割合が4.5%(w/v)以上である、本醸造淡色醤油。The chromaticity determined by JAS analysis is No. 40 or more, the total nitrogen content is 1.2% (w / v) or more, and the ratio of the direct reducing sugar content per 1.0% (w / v) of total nitrogen is 4. This brewed light-colored soy sauce having a content of 5% (w / v) or more. 仕込後の温度を10〜20℃の範囲内で維持管理することを特徴とする、請求項1記載の本醸造淡色醤油の製造法。The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature after the preparation is maintained within a range of 10 to 20C. テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス属に属し、全窒素分1.0%(w/v)以上、食塩分15%(w/v)以上、及びpH5.5〜7.0に調整した培地を用い、10〜15℃で培養した時に2週間以内で生育が定常期に達する耐塩性乳酸菌を添加する、請求項2記載の製造法。A medium belonging to the genus Tetragenococcus halophilus, which has been adjusted to a total nitrogen content of 1.0% (w / v) or more, a salt content of 15% (w / v) or more, and a pH of 5.5 to 7.0, and 3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising adding a salt-tolerant lactic acid bacterium whose growth reaches a stationary phase within 2 weeks when cultured at -15 ° C. テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス属に属し、全窒素分1.0%(w/v)以上、食塩分15%(w/v)以上、及びpH5.5〜7.0に調整した培地を用い、10〜15℃で培養した時に2週間以内で生育が定常期に達することを特徴とする耐塩性乳酸菌。A medium belonging to the genus Tetragenococcus halophilus, which has been adjusted to a total nitrogen content of 1.0% (w / v) or more, a salt content of 15% (w / v) or more, and a pH of 5.5 to 7.0, and A salt-tolerant lactic acid bacterium, wherein growth reaches a stationary phase within 2 weeks when cultured at 1515 ° C. テトラジェノコッカス・ハロフィラス YSTLG−2(生命工学工業技術研究所受託番号 FERM BP−7513)である、請求項4記載の耐塩性乳酸菌。The salt-tolerant lactic acid bacterium according to claim 4, which is Tetragenococcus halophilus @ YSTLG-2 (Accession No. FERM BP-7513, National Institute of Biotechnology).
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KR20200044146A (en) 2015-11-06 2020-04-28 기꼬만 가부시키가이샤 Soy sauce-like seasoning
CN109938243A (en) * 2019-03-27 2019-06-28 江南大学 A kind of method that composite bacteria reduces nitrogen metabolism hazardous material content in soy sauce
JP7016133B1 (en) * 2021-02-25 2022-02-04 株式会社Mizkan Holdings A composition containing a decomposition product of vegetable protein and a method for producing the same.

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