JP2004011016A - Hot rolled steel sheet having excellent rotary ironing workability and automobile parts - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、自動車、産業機械等の軸対称形状の部品に適用可能な回転しごき加工性に優れた熱延鋼板に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
一般に、自動車等の駆動系部品の中で、クラッチ、ハブ、キャリア等の軸対称形状の部品は、極めて複雑な形状を有している。従来、これらの部品は、鋳造、鍛造、もしくはプレス等により成形した部品、又は棒鋼を切削加工した部品等を、個別成形して電子ビーム溶接で接合することにより製造されていた。そのため、部品点数および製造工程が多くなり、膨大な在庫管理コストおよび製造コストを要していた。
【0003】
近年、このような軸対称形状の部品に対し、製造コストの低減を狙って、鋼板からの一体成形が行われるようになって来ている。特に、ドライブプレート一体型リングギア等、比較的簡単な形状の部品においては、プレス成形による製造が積極的に行われている。
【0004】
例えば、特開平09−137248号公報には、鋼板としての機械的性質の低下を招くことなく、摺動性を向上させた、成形性に優れる熱延鋼板とその製造方法が提案されている。これは、鋼板の組織が再結晶フェライト相であって、かつ鋼板表層部におけるフェライト相の平均結晶粒径を10μm未満、鋼板内部のフェライト相の平均結晶粒径を10μm以上とする。また、この熱延鋼板を、粗圧延で得られたシートバーを表面温度(Ar3点+50〜200℃)から(Ar3点−20〜300℃)まで、0.1 秒以内で強制冷却し、引き続き仕上げ圧延を5秒以内に開始し、圧延終了温度:Ar3点〜(Ar3点+100℃)の450〜600℃で巻き取ることにより製造するというものである。
【0005】
特開平09−125195号公報には、低炭素鋼における加工性の優れた熱延鋼板とその製造方法が提案されている。これは、低炭素鋼をAr3 点以下750℃の温度域で仕上圧延を終了した後、600〜750℃の温度域で巻き取り、中心層と表層における(222)面強度の比を2以内とすることを特徴とする加工性の優れた熱延鋼板とその製造方法というものである。
【0006】
また、特開平07−242988号公報には、平均ランクフォード値(平均r値)が1.1以上で、各方向のr値の異方性を示すΔrが0.1以下の深絞り性に優れた加工用熱延鋼板が提案されている。これは、3次元集合組織解析を行った場合、板厚中心部のX線相対強度の最大値が3以下であり、表層部において{112}〈111〉および{110}〈100〉のX線相対強度が2以上であり両者の差が3以下であることを特徴とする深絞り性に優れ異方性の小さい加工用熱延鋼板というものである。
【0007】
特開平09−176742号公報には、熱延時に集合組織を制御して熱延鋼板の異方性ならびに強度−延性バランスを向上させる製造方法が提案されている。これは、スラブを熱延する際に、必要に応じ、粗圧延後、先行の粗圧延材に接合して、Ar3変態点+100℃以下、Ar3変態点以上の温度で合計圧下率が50%以上の圧延を、潤滑を施して行うことを特徴とする成形性の面内異方性の小さい加工用熱延鋼板の製造方法というものである。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
最近では、回転しごき加工技術の進歩により、従来は成形困難であった、板厚を部分的に厚く、又は薄くする成形、またそれらを複数施すような極めて複雑な部品に対して、一体成形化が可能となりつつある。このような加工においては、極めて加工度が高く、極限に近い変形能が要求される。また、軸対称の形状、即ち回転体の部品では、真円度等について高い寸法精度が要求される。
【0009】
しかしながら、上記の従来技術はこれらの要求に対して答えることが困難である。特に、回転しごき加工のように強度の加工における局部延性が求められ、さらに、かじりを防止し、製品の真円度等の寸法精度の厳しい用途に対しては、十分満足できる従来技術はなかった。
【0010】
例えば、特開平09−137248号公報記載の技術は、プレス加工におけるプレス型と材料の摺動性の向上については記載されているが、しごき加工については記載されていない。
【0011】
特開平09−125195号公報記載の技術は、均一伸びの向上について記載されているが、そのためには熱延の仕上温度をAr3以下とする必要がある。しかし、このような変態点以下の圧延は、強い集合組織を形成するため、面内異方性の増加が避けられないという問題がある。
【0012】
特開平07−242988号公報記載の技術は、3次元集合組織解析による個々の結晶方位の集積度について規定しているが、いずれも深絞り性(r値)とその面内異方性に関するものであり、しごき加工については記載されていない。
【0013】
特開平09−176742号公報記載の技術は、熱延において潤滑を施す圧延を、合計圧下率が50%以上となるよう行うというもので、このような潤滑圧延は、潤滑用の特別な設備を必要とし、また、操業上も潤滑条件の調整を必要とする。従って、通常の熱延の設備および操業では実施困難である。
【0014】
本発明は以上の問題点を解決し、回転しごき加工時の割れおよびかじりを抑制することができ、優れた加工性(局部延性)と周方向に均一な加工により優れた寸法精度を併せ持つことが可能な、回転しごき加工性に優れた熱延鋼板を提供することを目的とする。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題は次の発明により解決される。その発明は、質量%で、C:0.02〜0.10%、Si:1.0%以下、Mn:0.1〜2.5%、P:0.05%以下、S:0.01%以下、sol.Al:0.01〜0.10%、N:0.006%以下で、残部が実質的に鉄からなり、ミクロ組織が、フェライト相と、パーライト、ベイナイト、およびマルテンサイトの内1種以上の第2相とからなり、第2相の体積率が3〜30%、かつ第2相の平均粒径が5μm以下であることを特徴とする回転しごき加工性に優れた熱延鋼板である。
【0016】
また、この発明においてさらに、加工硬化指数n値の面内異方性Δnが|Δn|≦0.015であることを特徴とする回転しごき加工性に優れた熱延鋼板とすることもできる。さらに、これらの熱延鋼板からなる部品の発明は、これらの発明の回転しごき加工性に優れた熱延鋼板により製造された軸対称形状を有する自動車用部品である。
【0017】
この発明は、熱延鋼板の回転しごき加工性および寸法精度に及ぼす化学成分、ミクロ組織、および機械特性の影響について鋭意研究を進める中でなされた。その結果、化学成分を制御するとともに、フェライト相と第2相からなる組織とし、第2相のパーライト、ベイナイト、あるいはマルテンサイトの体積率と平均粒径を制御し、適度に分散させることにより、優れた回転しごき加工性を達成することに成功した。
【0018】
さらに、加工硬化指数n値の面内異方性|Δn|を低減することにより、優れた回転しごき加工性とともに優れた寸法精度を同時に達成できることに成功した。
【0019】
以下、発明の個々の限定理由について説明する。
【0020】
C:0.02〜0.10%
Cは、パーライト、ベイナイト、およびマルテンサイトの内1種以上の第2相を形成し、しごき加工時の型への凝着(型かじり)を抑制するための重要な元素である。C量が0.02%未満では、第2相の体積率が3%未満となり、上記の効果が得られない。一方、C量が0.10%を超えると、第2相の体積率が30%を超えるとともに、第2相が互いに連結して第2相の平均粒径を増加させる。そのため、しごき加工時に割れが生じやすくなり、加工性を損なう。従って、C量を0.02〜0.10%とする。
【0021】
Si: 1.0%以下
Siは、フェライト相の生成を促進し、第2相の体積率を低減するとともに、第2相の平均粒径を減少させる元素である。一方、Si量が1.0%を超えると、過度の強度上昇により延性が低下するため、しごき加工性が劣化する。従って、Si量を1.0%以下とする。
【0022】
Mn: 0.1〜2.5%
Mnは、熱延時の延性を阻害するSを、MnSとして固定して無害化する元素である。この効果は、Mn量が0.1%以下では得られない。一方、Mn量が2.5%を超えるような大量添加は、バンド組織を形成するとともに、過度に強度が上昇にするため延性が低下し、しごき加工性が劣化する。従って、Mn量は0.1〜2.5%とする。
【0023】
P: 0.05%以下
Pは、Siと同様に、フェライト相の生成を促進し、第2相の体積率を低減するとともに、第2相の平均粒径も減少させる元素である。しかし、P量が0.05%を超えると、Pの偏析に起因したバンド組織が顕著となり、延性が低下するためしごき加工性が劣化する。従って、P量を0.05%以下とする。
【0024】
S: 0.01%以下
Sは、微細なMnSを析出することにより局部延性を低下させる元素である。そのためS量が0.01%を超えると、しごき加工性を大幅に劣化させる。従って、S量を0.01%以下とする。
【0025】
sol.Al: 0.01〜0.10%
Alは脱酸剤として酸化物系の介在物を低減し、局部延性を向上させる重要な元素である。sol.Alが0.01%未満ではその効果が得られず、一方、0.10%を超えると効果が飽和する。従って、sol.Al量を0.01〜0.10%の範囲内とする。
【0026】
N: 0.006%以下
Nは、不純物として含有され、AlとAl Nを形成して局部延性を低下させる。N量が0.006%を超えると、AlNの生成が顕著となり、しごき加工性を大幅に劣化させる。従って、N量を0.006%以下とする。
【0027】
なお、以上の説明において「残部が実質的に鉄」とは、発明の作用・効果を損なわない限り、不可避的不純物をはじめ、他の微量元素を含有するものが本発明の範囲に含まれることを意味する。
【0028】
次に、ミクロ組織について説明する。
【0029】
第2相の体積率:3〜30%
第2相は、しごき加工の際の型への凝着を抑制するという重要な役割を有するが、体積率が3%未満では、その効果が十分得られない。一方、第2相の体積率が30%を超えると、第2相同士が連結して粒径が増加するため、しごき加工の際、ボイドが生成しやすくなる。また、分散した第2相についても相互の間隔が狭くなっており、生成したボイド同士が連結しやすくなるので、やはり割れの原因となる。従って、第2相の体積率を3〜30%の範囲内とする。
【0030】
第2相の平均粒径:5μm以下
第2相の平均粒径は、しごき加工の際のボイドの生成に大きく影響する。平均粒径が5μmを超えると、第2相とフェライト相の界面における応力集中が著しくなり、しごき加工の際にボイドが発生し、割れの原因となる。従って、第2相の平均粒径を5μm以下とする。
【0031】
加工硬化指数n値の面内異方性については、次のようになる。
【0032】
n値の面内異方性Δn:|Δn|≦0.015
n値の面内異方性Δnの絶対値|Δn|を小さくすることにより、回転対称形状の部品を、周方向に均一に成形することができる。軸対称の部品では、高い真円度が要求されることが多いが、しごき加工においては、加工硬化挙動が周方向で異なる場合、加工量が変動するので寸法精度が低下する。検討の結果、加工硬化指数の面内異方性の絶対値|Δn|が0.015を超えると、真円度の劣化が顕著となる。従って、|Δn|を0.015未満とする。
【0033】
なお、n値の面内異方性Δnは次の式で表される。
【0034】
Δn=(n0+n90)−2n45 (1)
ここで、n0、n45、n90は、圧延方向に対しそれぞれ0゜、45°、90°方向のn値を表す。また、各方向のn値は、測定歪み5%および10%の2点法により測定すればよい。
【0035】
本発明に係る熱延鋼板は優れた回転しごき加工性を有するため、自動車、産業機械等の軸対称形状の部品に適しており、とくにクラッチ、ハブ、キャリア等の自動車等の駆動系部品に好適である。
【0036】
本発明に係る回転しごき加工性に優れた熱延鋼板により製造された自動車部品は、前述の回転しごき加工性に優れた熱延鋼板により製造されるので、回転しごき加工による一体成形化が可能となることから、製造コストの低廉化が図られるとともに、高い真円度等の優れた寸法精度を有している。
【0037】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る熱延鋼板の好ましい製造条件について説明する。
【0038】
この発明に用いる鋼は、上述の成分および機械的特性とする他は、金属組織が前述の第2相体積率および平均粒径の分散状態となるものであればよい。その他の化学成分については、目的に応じて、通常添加される範囲内でB,Cr,Cu,Ni,Mo,Ti,Nb,W,V,Zr等の各種元素を添加してもよい。また、製造過程でSn,Pb等の各種元素が不純物として混入する場合があるが、このような不純物も本発明の効果に特に影響を及ぼすものではない。なお、本発明の熱延鋼板の成分調製には、転炉あるいは電気炉のどちらでも使用可能である。
【0039】
上記のように成分調製された鋼を、造塊−分塊圧延または連続鋳造によりスラブとする。このスラブについて熱間圧延を行うが、その際、スラブ加熱温度は、スケール発生による表面状態の劣化を避けるためには1280℃以下とすることが好ましい。また、熱間圧延時に粗圧延を省略して仕上圧延を行ってもよく、連続鋳造スラブをそのまま又は温度低下を抑制する目的で保熱しつつ圧延する直送圧延を行ってもよい。
【0040】
なお、仕上圧延においては、仕上温度確保のため、熱間圧延中にバーヒータ等の加熱手段により圧延材の加熱を行ってもよい。さらに、第2相の球状化あるいは硬度低減のため、巻取後にコイルを徐冷カバー等の手段で保温してもよい。仕上げ圧延の好ましい条件について、以下に説明する。
【0041】
仕上圧延温度:好ましくは(Ar3−10℃)以上
仕上圧延においては、仕上温度が低いほど圧延後のフェライト相の生成が促進され、第2相が細粒化する。しかし、仕上温度が(Ar3−10)℃未満に低下すると、圧延中にフェライト変態が進行するため、フェライト相が加工組織となる。そのため、局部延性が低下するとともに、n値の異方性が増大し、加工後の寸法精度が劣化する。従って、仕上圧延温度を(Ar3−10℃)以上とすることが好ましい。
【0042】
仕上圧延後の冷却速度:好ましくは120℃/秒以上
仕上圧延後は、微細に分散した第2相を得るため、急速冷却を行う。冷却速度が120℃/秒未満であると、オーステナイトの過冷度が小さいため、初析フェライトがMnおよびPの偏析に対応して析出する。MnおよびPの偏析は圧延により層状となっており、第2相のパーライトも初析フェライトの間に層状に生成する。そのため、第2相の粒径が大幅に増加することになり、しごき加工の際は、フェライト界面のボイドの生成を助長し、しごき加工特性を著しく劣化させる。従って、熱間圧延後の冷却速度を120℃/秒以上とする。
【0043】
なお、冷却速度の上限は特に規定しないが、工業的には2000℃/秒程度が限度である。また、熱間圧延後の冷却を仕上げ圧延後0.1秒を超え1.0秒未満に開始することにより結晶粒が微細化するため、しごき加工特性の向上に効果的である。
【0044】
急速冷却終了温度:好ましくは630℃以下
急速冷却(急冷)は巻取温度まで行ってもよいが、巻取温度制御のためには少し高めの温度で急冷を終了し、冷却速度の比較的遅い徐冷却を行うことができる。この急速冷却終了温度が630℃を超えると、その後の徐冷却中に前述と同様、フェライト相と第2相パーライトが層状に生成し、しごき加工特性を著しく劣化させる。従って、急速冷却終了温度は630℃以下とする。なお、徐冷却は、巻取温度の制御が可能である限り、冷却速度については特に制限はなく、空冷でも水冷でもよい。
【0045】
巻取温度:好ましくは600℃以下
巻取温度は、第2相の種類および形態に大きく影響を与える。巻取温度が600℃を超えると、第2相として生成するパーライトが、微細に分散せずに粗大化するため、しごき加工時にボイドを生成し、割れの原因となる。それと同時に、パーライトのラメラー間隔が広くなることも、ボイドの生成を助長し、割れの原因となる。さらに、巻取温度を500℃以下とすることにより、第2相の分散がさらに均一化し、極めて優れたしごき加工特性が得られる。従って、巻取温度を600℃以下、好ましくは500℃以下とする。なお、巻取温度の下限は、特に規定しないが、あまり低温になると熱延コイルの形状が劣化するので、200℃以上とすることが好ましい。
【0046】
熱間圧延後に必要に応じて焼鈍を行ってもよく、その場合、箱焼鈍、連続焼鈍のいずれでもよい。また、第2相の球状化あるいは硬度低減のため、巻取後にコイルを徐冷カバー等の手段により保温しても良い。その後、熱延コイルに必要に応じて調質圧延を行う。この調質圧延については焼入れには影響を及ぼさないことから、その条件に対して特に制限はない。
【0047】
【実施例】
[実施例1]
表1に示す化学成分を有する鋼A〜Gの連続鋳造スラブを1250℃に加熱し、仕上温度870℃で熱間圧延を終了し、急速冷却終了温度580℃、巻取温度:550℃として、その後、酸洗−調質圧延を施し6.0mmの鋼板を製造した。
【0048】
【表1】
【0049】
これらの鋼板からサンプルを採取し、引張試験および第2相体積率(Vf)ならびに第2相の平均粒径(ds)の測定および回転しごき加工を実施した。それぞれの試験・測定の方法および条件について以下に示す。
【0050】
▲1▼ 引張試験
JIS5号サイズの引張試験片を圧延方向に対し90°の方向から採取して試験を行った。
【0051】
▲2▼ 第2相体積率(Vf)と平均粒径(ds)
サンプルの板厚断面を研磨・腐食後、走査型電子顕微鏡にてミクロ組織を撮影し、0.01mm2の範囲で第2相体積率(Vf)および第2相の平均粒径(ds)の測定を行った。
【0052】
▲2▼ 回転しごき加工
図1に示すように、ブランク径200mmφのサンプルを成形型に取り付け、主軸を回転させ、ロールを押し付けて成形型に沿って成形を行った。成形体の内径は、100mmφとした。初期板厚は6.0mmであるが、しごき成形により4.0mmまで減少する条件にて実施した。潤滑は、マシン油を用いた。ロール先端R=2mmとし、ロール送り速度=200mm/minとした。評価は、加工面の割れおよびかじりの有無で行った。
【0053】
以上の測定結果より得られた、引張特性、第2相体積率(Vf)、第2相の平均粒径(ds)および回転しごき加工性の結果を表2に示す。
【0054】
【表2】
【0055】
表2では、鋼板A〜Cは、本発明範囲の、第2相の体積率が3%〜30%、第2相の平均粒径5μm以下の発明例である。鋼板D〜Gは比較例で、鋼板DはCが低く、鋼EはCとSが高く第2相の体積率も30%を超えている。鋼FはSiとPが高く、鋼GはMnとNが高く第2相平均粒径も5μmを超えており、いずれも本発明の範囲外である。
【0056】
この表2より、発明例A〜Cでは、しごき加工試験において、いずれもクラック、かじり等の発生が無く、良好な加工性が得られることが確認できた。また、発明例A〜Cは、比較例D〜Gに比べて同じ強度レベルの場合、局部伸び(L.EL)において約5%向上しており、優れた極限変形能を有することが確認された。
【0057】
[実施例2]
前記表1に示す鋼A,Cの連続鋳造スラブを1250℃に加熱し、表3に示す条件にて板厚6.0mmの熱延鋼板とし、その後、酸洗−調質圧延を施した。
【0058】
【表3】
【0059】
これらの鋼板からサンプルを採取し、引張試験および第2相体積率(Vf)ならびに第2相の平均粒径(ds)の測定および回転しごき加工を実施した。それぞれの試験・測定の方法および条件について以下に示す。
【0060】
▲1▼ 引張試験
JIS5号サイズの引張試験片を圧延方向に対し90°の方向から採取して試験を行った。また、n値の異方性(△n)については、圧延方向に対し、0°、45°、90°の3方向から引張試験片を採取し、5%−10%歪みでの2点法によるn値測定を行い調査した。
【0061】
▲2▼ 第2相体積率(Vf)および第2相の平均粒径(ds)
サンプルの板厚断面を研磨・腐食後、走査型電子顕微鏡にてミクロ組織を撮影し、0.01mm2の範囲で第2相体積率(Vf)および第2相の平均粒径(ds)の測定を行った。
【0062】
▲2▼ 回転しごき加工
図1に示すように、ブランク径200mmφのサンプルを成形型に取り付け、主軸を回転させ、ロールを押し付けて成形型に沿って成形を行った。成形体の内径は、100mmφとした。初期板厚は6.0mmであるが、しごき成形により4.0mmまで減少する条件にて実施した。潤滑は、マシン油を用いた。ロール先端R=2mmとし、ロール送り速度は、200mm/minとした。評価は、加工面の割れとかじりの有無、および寸法精度として真円度(7/100以下を良好とする)で行った。
【0063】
以上の測定結果より得られた、引張特性、△n値、第2相体積率(Vf)、第2相の平均粒径(ds)および回転しごき加工性の結果を表3に併せて示す。
【0064】
表3より、No.1,4は本発明範囲内で、第2相の体積率が3%〜30%で、第2相の平均粒径が5μm以下、|△n|≦±0.015の発明例であり、良好なしごき加工性および優れた寸法精度が得られることが確認された。
【0065】
一方、No.2,3,5,6は比較例であり、No.2は第2相粒径が大きく、しごき加工表面で割れが発生した。No.3は△nが大きく、真円度が劣り、寸法精度不良となり、また、局部伸び(L.EL)が低いため割れが発生した。No.5は、第2相の体積率が30%を超えると同時に第2相の平均粒径が5μmを超えているため、しごき加工面から割れが発生した。局部伸び(L.EL)が低く、フェライト平均粒径および第2相の平均粒径が大きくなり、しごき加工表面で割れが発生した。No.6は、△nが大きく、真円度が劣り、寸法精度不良となると同時に第2相の平均粒径が5μmを超えているため、しごき加工面から割れが発生した。
【0066】
【発明の効果】
この発明は、しごき加工性および加工後の寸法精度の向上を図るに当たって、化学成分の制御および製造条件の制御により、第2相の体積率、第2相の平均粒径を制御することで、強加工時のボイドの発生を抑制し、また、n値の異方性を低減することにより周方向での加工の変動が抑制することができる。その結果、極めて優れた回転しごき加工性と優れた寸法精度を有する熱延鋼板の提供が可能となる。
【0067】
このような熱延鋼板を用いることにより、キャリアやハブに代表される軸対称回転体の複雑形状部品を一体成形することができ、その結果、製造工程を省略して低コストで部品等を製造することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】回転しごき加工の例を示す図。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a hot-rolled steel sheet which is applicable to parts having an axisymmetric shape such as automobiles and industrial machines and which has excellent rotary ironability.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Generally, among drive system components such as automobiles, axially symmetric components such as clutches, hubs, and carriers have extremely complicated shapes. Conventionally, these parts have been manufactured by individually forming parts formed by casting, forging, pressing, or the like, or parts obtained by cutting steel bars, and joining them by electron beam welding. Therefore, the number of parts and the number of manufacturing steps are increased, and enormous inventory management costs and manufacturing costs are required.
[0003]
In recent years, such axially symmetric parts have been integrally formed from steel plates with the aim of reducing manufacturing costs. In particular, for parts having a relatively simple shape such as a ring gear integrated with a drive plate, production by press molding is actively performed.
[0004]
For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 09-137248 proposes a hot-rolled steel sheet having improved formability and improved formability without deteriorating the mechanical properties of the steel sheet, and a method for producing the same. This means that the structure of the steel sheet is a recrystallized ferrite phase, the average crystal grain size of the ferrite phase in the surface layer portion of the steel sheet is less than 10 μm, and the average crystal grain size of the ferrite phase inside the steel sheet is 10 μm or more. The sheet bar obtained by the rough rolling of the hot-rolled steel sheet is forcibly cooled within 0.1 second from the surface temperature (Ar 3 points +50 to 200 ° C.) to (Ar 3 points −20 to 300 ° C.). Then, finish rolling is started within 5 seconds, and rolling is completed at 450 to 600 ° C. at a rolling end temperature of Ar 3 points to (Ar 3 points + 100 ° C.).
[0005]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-125195 proposes a hot-rolled steel sheet having excellent workability in a low-carbon steel and a method for producing the same. This means that after finishing the low-carbon steel in the temperature range of 750 ° C. below the Ar 3 point, it is wound up in the temperature range of 600 to 750 ° C. and the ratio of the (222) plane strength between the center layer and the surface layer is within 2 A hot-rolled steel sheet having excellent workability and a method for producing the same.
[0006]
JP-A-07-242988 discloses a deep drawability in which the average Rankford value (average r value) is 1.1 or more, and Δr indicating the anisotropy of the r value in each direction is 0.1 or less. Excellent hot-rolled steel sheets for processing have been proposed. This is because, when a three-dimensional texture analysis is performed, the maximum value of the X-ray relative intensity at the center of the sheet thickness is 3 or less, and the X-rays of {112} <111> and {110} <100> A hot-rolled steel sheet for processing having excellent deep drawability and low anisotropy, characterized in that the relative strength is 2 or more and the difference between them is 3 or less.
[0007]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-176742 proposes a manufacturing method for controlling the texture during hot rolling to improve the anisotropy and the strength-ductility balance of the hot-rolled steel sheet. This is because when the slab is hot-rolled, if necessary, after the rough rolling, it is joined to the preceding rough rolled material, and the total draft is 50 at the Ar 3 transformation point + 100 ° C. or lower and the Ar 3 transformation point or higher. % Is a method for producing a hot-rolled steel sheet for processing having a small in-plane anisotropy of formability, characterized in that rolling at a ratio of at least% is performed with lubrication.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In recent years, due to the advancement of rotary ironing technology, molding has been difficult to form in the past. Is becoming possible. In such processing, the degree of processing is extremely high and deformability close to the limit is required. Also, in the case of an axially symmetric shape, that is, a rotating body part, high dimensional accuracy is required for roundness and the like.
[0009]
However, it is difficult for the above-mentioned prior art to respond to these demands. In particular, there is no conventional technology that is sufficiently satisfactory for applications that require local ductility in high-strength processing such as rotary ironing, prevent galling, and have severe dimensional accuracy such as roundness of products. .
[0010]
For example, the technology described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-137248 describes improvement of the slidability between a press die and a material in press working, but does not describe ironing.
[0011]
The technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-125195 describes improvement of uniform elongation. For that purpose, the finishing temperature of hot rolling must be Ar 3 or less. However, rolling at a temperature lower than the transformation point has a problem that an in-plane anisotropy cannot be avoided because a strong texture is formed.
[0012]
The technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-242988 specifies the degree of integration of individual crystal orientations by three-dimensional texture analysis, but all of them relate to deep drawability (r value) and its in-plane anisotropy. No ironing process is described.
[0013]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-176742 discloses a technique in which rolling for lubricating in hot rolling is performed so that the total draft becomes 50% or more. Such lubricating rolling requires special equipment for lubrication. In addition, lubrication conditions must be adjusted during operation. Therefore, it is difficult to implement with ordinary hot rolling equipment and operation.
[0014]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, can suppress cracking and galling during rotary ironing, and has both excellent workability (local ductility) and excellent dimensional accuracy due to uniform processing in the circumferential direction. An object of the present invention is to provide a hot-rolled steel sheet which is excellent in rotary ironing workability.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The above problem is solved by the following invention. In the invention, C: 0.02 to 0.10%, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 0.1 to 2.5%, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0. 01% or less, sol. Al: 0.01 to 0.10%, N: 0.006% or less, the balance substantially consisting of iron, and the microstructure is at least one of ferrite phase, pearlite, bainite, and martensite. A hot-rolled steel sheet comprising a second phase, wherein the volume fraction of the second phase is 3 to 30% and the average particle size of the second phase is 5 μm or less, and which is excellent in rotary ironability.
[0016]
Further, in the present invention, a hot-rolled steel sheet excellent in rotational ironing workability, characterized in that the in-plane anisotropy Δn of the work hardening index n value is | Δn | ≦ 0.015. Further, the invention of parts made of these hot-rolled steel sheets is an automobile part having an axially symmetric shape manufactured from the hot-rolled steel sheets having excellent rotary ironability of these inventions.
[0017]
The present invention has been made while conducting intensive studies on the effects of chemical components, microstructure, and mechanical properties on hot-rolling steel sheet workability and dimensional accuracy. As a result, by controlling the chemical components, forming a structure composed of a ferrite phase and a second phase, controlling the volume ratio and average particle size of pearlite, bainite, or martensite of the second phase, and dispersing them appropriately, Succeeded in achieving excellent rotary ironing workability.
[0018]
Furthermore, by reducing the in-plane anisotropy | Δn | of the work hardening index n value, it was possible to simultaneously achieve excellent dimensional accuracy together with excellent rotational ironing workability.
[0019]
Hereinafter, individual reasons for limitation of the invention will be described.
[0020]
C: 0.02 to 0.10%
C is an important element for forming one or more second phases out of pearlite, bainite, and martensite, and for suppressing adhesion to a mold (mold seizure) during ironing. When the amount of C is less than 0.02%, the volume ratio of the second phase is less than 3%, and the above effects cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the C content exceeds 0.10%, the volume fraction of the second phase exceeds 30%, and the second phases are connected to each other to increase the average particle size of the second phase. For this reason, cracks are likely to occur during ironing, thereby impairing workability. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.02 to 0.10%.
[0021]
Si: 1.0% or less Si is an element that promotes the formation of a ferrite phase, reduces the volume ratio of the second phase, and reduces the average particle size of the second phase. On the other hand, if the Si content exceeds 1.0%, the ductility decreases due to an excessive increase in strength, and ironing workability deteriorates. Therefore, the amount of Si is set to 1.0% or less.
[0022]
Mn: 0.1-2.5%
Mn is an element that fixes S, which inhibits ductility during hot rolling, as MnS and renders it harmless. This effect cannot be obtained if the Mn content is 0.1% or less. On the other hand, when a large amount is added such that the Mn content exceeds 2.5%, a band structure is formed and the strength is excessively increased, so that ductility is reduced and ironing workability is deteriorated. Therefore, the amount of Mn is set to 0.1 to 2.5%.
[0023]
P: 0.05% or less P is an element that promotes the formation of a ferrite phase, reduces the volume fraction of the second phase, and also reduces the average grain size of the second phase, like Si. However, when the P content exceeds 0.05%, the band structure caused by the segregation of P becomes remarkable, and the ductility is reduced, so that the ironing workability is deteriorated. Therefore, the P content is set to 0.05% or less.
[0024]
S: 0.01% or less S is an element that reduces local ductility by precipitating fine MnS. Therefore, when the amount of S exceeds 0.01%, ironing workability is significantly deteriorated. Therefore, the S content is set to 0.01% or less.
[0025]
sol. Al: 0.01 to 0.10%
Al is an important element that reduces oxide inclusions as a deoxidizing agent and improves local ductility. sol. If Al is less than 0.01%, the effect cannot be obtained, while if Al exceeds 0.10%, the effect is saturated. Therefore, sol. The Al content is in the range of 0.01 to 0.10%.
[0026]
N: 0.006% or less N is contained as an impurity and forms Al and AlN to lower the local ductility. If the amount of N exceeds 0.006%, the generation of AlN becomes remarkable, and ironing workability is significantly deteriorated. Therefore, the N content is set to 0.006% or less.
[0027]
In the above description, "the balance is substantially iron" means that those containing other trace elements, including unavoidable impurities, are included in the scope of the present invention, as long as the functions and effects of the invention are not impaired. Means
[0028]
Next, the microstructure will be described.
[0029]
Volume ratio of the second phase: 3 to 30%
The second phase has an important role of suppressing adhesion to the mold during ironing, but if the volume ratio is less than 3%, the effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the volume ratio of the second phase exceeds 30%, the second phases are connected to each other to increase the particle size, and thus, during ironing, voids are easily generated. In addition, the distance between the dispersed second phases is also small, and the generated voids are easily connected to each other, which also causes a crack. Therefore, the volume ratio of the second phase is set in the range of 3 to 30%.
[0030]
Average particle size of the second phase: 5 μm or less The average particle size of the second phase greatly affects the generation of voids during ironing. If the average particle size exceeds 5 μm, stress concentration at the interface between the second phase and the ferrite phase becomes remarkable, and voids are generated during ironing, which causes cracking. Therefore, the average particle size of the second phase is set to 5 μm or less.
[0031]
The in-plane anisotropy of the work hardening index n value is as follows.
[0032]
In-plane anisotropy Δn of n value: | Δn | ≦ 0.015
By reducing the absolute value | Δn | of the in-plane anisotropy Δn of the n-value, a rotationally symmetric part can be uniformly formed in the circumferential direction. Axisymmetric parts often require high roundness, but in ironing, if the work hardening behavior differs in the circumferential direction, the processing amount fluctuates and the dimensional accuracy decreases. As a result of the study, when the absolute value | Δn | of the in-plane anisotropy of the work hardening index exceeds 0.015, the deterioration of roundness becomes remarkable. Therefore, | Δn | is less than 0.015.
[0033]
The n-value in-plane anisotropy Δn is represented by the following equation.
[0034]
Δn = (n 0 + n 90 ) −2n 45 (1)
Here, n 0 , n 45 , and n 90 represent n values in directions of 0 °, 45 °, and 90 ° with respect to the rolling direction, respectively. Further, the n value in each direction may be measured by a two-point method of measuring distortion of 5% and 10%.
[0035]
The hot-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention has excellent rotary ironability, so that it is suitable for parts having an axisymmetric shape such as automobiles and industrial machines, and is particularly suitable for drive system parts such as clutches, hubs, carriers and the like. It is.
[0036]
Automobile parts manufactured from hot-rolled steel sheets with excellent rotary ironability according to the present invention are manufactured from the above-described hot-rolled steel sheets with excellent rotary ironability, so that they can be integrally formed by rotary ironing. As a result, the manufacturing cost can be reduced and excellent dimensional accuracy such as high roundness can be obtained.
[0037]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Preferred manufacturing conditions for the hot-rolled steel sheet according to the present invention will be described.
[0038]
The steel used in the present invention may be any steel as long as the metal structure is in a dispersed state of the aforementioned second phase volume fraction and average particle size, except for the above-mentioned components and mechanical properties. As for other chemical components, various elements such as B, Cr, Cu, Ni, Mo, Ti, Nb, W, V, and Zr may be added within a range that is usually added. Further, various elements such as Sn and Pb may be mixed as impurities in the manufacturing process, but such impurities do not particularly affect the effects of the present invention. The components of the hot-rolled steel sheet of the present invention can be prepared using either a converter or an electric furnace.
[0039]
The steel prepared as described above is made into a slab by ingot-bulking rolling or continuous casting. Hot rolling is performed on this slab, and at this time, the slab heating temperature is preferably set to 1280 ° C. or lower in order to avoid deterioration of the surface state due to scale generation. In addition, rough rolling may be omitted during hot rolling and finish rolling may be performed, or direct-convey rolling may be performed in which a continuously cast slab is rolled as it is or while keeping heat for the purpose of suppressing a temperature decrease.
[0040]
In the finish rolling, the rolled material may be heated by a heating means such as a bar heater during hot rolling in order to secure the finishing temperature. Further, in order to make the second phase spheroidized or to reduce the hardness, the coil may be kept warm by means such as a slow cooling cover after winding. Preferred conditions for the finish rolling will be described below.
[0041]
Finish rolling temperature: preferably (Ar 3 -10 ° C.) or more In finish rolling, the lower the finishing temperature, the more the formation of a ferrite phase after rolling is promoted, and the second phase is refined. However, when the finishing temperature falls below (Ar 3 -10) ° C., ferrite transformation proceeds during rolling, so that the ferrite phase becomes a work structure. For this reason, the local ductility decreases, the anisotropy of the n value increases, and the dimensional accuracy after processing deteriorates. Therefore, the finish rolling temperature is preferably set to (Ar 3 -10 ° C.) or higher.
[0042]
Cooling rate after finish rolling: preferably 120 ° C./second or more After finish rolling, rapid cooling is performed to obtain a finely dispersed second phase. If the cooling rate is less than 120 ° C./second, the degree of supercooling of austenite is small, so that pro-eutectoid ferrite is precipitated corresponding to segregation of Mn and P. The segregation of Mn and P is layered by rolling, and the second phase pearlite is also formed in layers between pro-eutectoid ferrites. For this reason, the particle size of the second phase is greatly increased, and during ironing, the formation of voids at the ferrite interface is promoted, and ironing characteristics are significantly deteriorated. Therefore, the cooling rate after hot rolling is set to 120 ° C./sec or more.
[0043]
The upper limit of the cooling rate is not particularly specified, but is industrially limited to about 2000 ° C./sec. In addition, by starting cooling after hot rolling more than 0.1 second and less than 1.0 second after finish rolling, crystal grains are refined, which is effective in improving ironing characteristics.
[0044]
Rapid cooling end temperature: preferably 630 ° C. or less Rapid cooling (rapid cooling) may be performed up to the winding temperature, but for controlling the winding temperature, rapid cooling is terminated at a slightly higher temperature, and the cooling rate is relatively slow. Slow cooling can be performed. If the rapid cooling end temperature exceeds 630 ° C., the ferrite phase and the second phase pearlite are formed in layers during the subsequent slow cooling as described above, and the ironing properties are significantly deteriorated. Therefore, the rapid cooling end temperature is set to 630 ° C. or less. The slow cooling is not particularly limited as long as the winding temperature can be controlled, and may be air cooling or water cooling.
[0045]
Winding temperature: preferably 600 ° C. or lower The winding temperature greatly affects the type and form of the second phase. If the winding temperature exceeds 600 ° C., the pearlite generated as the second phase becomes coarse without being finely dispersed, so that voids are generated during ironing and cause cracks. At the same time, an increase in the pearlite lamellar spacing also promotes the formation of voids and causes cracks. Further, by setting the winding temperature to 500 ° C. or lower, the dispersion of the second phase is further uniformed, and extremely excellent ironing characteristics can be obtained. Therefore, the winding temperature is set to 600 ° C. or lower, preferably 500 ° C. or lower. The lower limit of the winding temperature is not particularly defined, but is preferably set to 200 ° C. or higher, because if the temperature is too low, the shape of the hot-rolled coil deteriorates.
[0046]
Annealing may be performed as necessary after hot rolling, and in that case, any of box annealing and continuous annealing may be used. Further, in order to make the second phase spheroidized or to reduce the hardness, the coil may be kept warm by means such as a slow cooling cover after winding. Thereafter, temper rolling is performed on the hot-rolled coil as necessary. Since the temper rolling does not affect quenching, the conditions are not particularly limited.
[0047]
【Example】
[Example 1]
A continuous cast slab of steels A to G having the chemical components shown in Table 1 was heated to 1250 ° C., hot rolling was completed at a finishing temperature of 870 ° C., a rapid cooling end temperature of 580 ° C., and a winding temperature: 550 ° C. Thereafter, pickling and temper rolling were performed to produce a 6.0 mm steel sheet.
[0048]
[Table 1]
[0049]
Samples were taken from these steel plates and subjected to a tensile test, measurement of the second phase volume fraction (Vf) and average particle size (ds) of the second phase, and rotation ironing. The methods and conditions for each test and measurement are described below.
[0050]
{Circle around (1)} Tensile test A JIS No. 5 size tensile test piece was sampled from a direction at 90 ° to the rolling direction and tested.
[0051]
(2) Volume fraction of second phase (Vf) and average particle size (ds)
After polishing and corroding the cross section of the sample thickness, the microstructure was photographed with a scanning electron microscope, and the volume fraction of the second phase (Vf) and the average particle size (ds) of the second phase in the range of 0.01 mm 2 were measured. A measurement was made.
[0052]
{Circle over (2)} Rotating and ironing As shown in FIG. 1, a sample having a blank diameter of 200 mmφ was attached to a mold, the main shaft was rotated, and a roll was pressed to mold along the mold. The inner diameter of the molded body was 100 mmφ. The initial plate thickness was 6.0 mm, but the condition was reduced to 4.0 mm by ironing. For lubrication, machine oil was used. The roll tip R was set to 2 mm, and the roll feed speed was set to 200 mm / min. The evaluation was made based on the presence or absence of cracks and galling on the processed surface.
[0053]
Table 2 shows the results of the tensile properties, the volume fraction of the second phase (Vf), the average particle diameter of the second phase (ds), and the workability by rotating and ironing obtained from the above measurement results.
[0054]
[Table 2]
[0055]
In Table 2, the steel sheets A to C are examples of the present invention in which the volume ratio of the second phase is 3% to 30% and the average particle diameter of the second phase is 5 μm or less. Steel sheets D to G are comparative examples, and steel sheet D has low C, steel E has high C and S, and the volume fraction of the second phase also exceeds 30%. Steel F has high Si and P, steel G has high Mn and N, and the second phase average particle size exceeds 5 μm, all of which are outside the scope of the present invention.
[0056]
From Table 2, it can be confirmed that, in the ironing test, in each of Invention Examples A to C, there was no occurrence of cracks, galling, and the like, and good workability was obtained. In addition, the invention examples A to C show about 5% improvement in local elongation (L.EL) at the same strength level as compared with the comparative examples D to G, confirming that they have excellent ultimate deformability. Was.
[0057]
[Example 2]
The continuously cast slabs of steels A and C shown in Table 1 were heated to 1250 ° C. to form a hot-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 6.0 mm under the conditions shown in Table 3, and then subjected to pickling and temper rolling.
[0058]
[Table 3]
[0059]
Samples were taken from these steel plates and subjected to a tensile test, measurement of the second phase volume fraction (Vf) and average particle size (ds) of the second phase, and rotation ironing. The methods and conditions for each test and measurement are described below.
[0060]
{Circle around (1)} Tensile test A JIS No. 5 size tensile test piece was sampled from a direction at 90 ° to the rolling direction and tested. For the anisotropy of the n value (△ n), tensile test pieces were sampled from three directions of 0 °, 45 °, and 90 ° with respect to the rolling direction, and a two-point method with 5% to 10% strain was used. The n-value measurement was performed and investigated.
[0061]
{Circle around (2)} Second phase volume fraction (Vf) and average particle diameter of second phase (ds)
After polishing and corroding the cross section of the sample thickness, the microstructure was photographed with a scanning electron microscope, and the volume fraction of the second phase (Vf) and the average particle size (ds) of the second phase in the range of 0.01 mm 2 were measured. A measurement was made.
[0062]
{Circle over (2)} Rotating and ironing As shown in FIG. 1, a sample having a blank diameter of 200 mmφ was attached to a mold, the main shaft was rotated, and a roll was pressed to mold along the mold. The inner diameter of the molded body was 100 mmφ. The initial plate thickness was 6.0 mm, but the condition was reduced to 4.0 mm by ironing. For lubrication, machine oil was used. The roll tip R was 2 mm, and the roll feed speed was 200 mm / min. The evaluation was made based on the presence or absence of cracks and galling on the machined surface, and the roundness as dimensional accuracy (7/100 or less is considered good).
[0063]
Table 3 also shows the results of the tensile properties, Δn value, second phase volume ratio (Vf), average particle size of the second phase (ds), and ironing properties obtained from the above measurement results.
[0064]
From Table 3, No. Examples 1 and 4 are invention examples in which the volume fraction of the second phase is 3% to 30%, the average particle size of the second phase is 5 μm or less, and | △ n | ≦ ± 0.015, within the scope of the present invention; It was confirmed that good ironing workability and excellent dimensional accuracy were obtained.
[0065]
On the other hand, No. Nos. 2, 3, 5, and 6 are comparative examples. Sample No. 2 had a large second phase particle size and cracks occurred on the ironed surface. No. In No. 3, Δn was large, the roundness was inferior, the dimensional accuracy was poor, and cracks occurred due to low local elongation (L.EL). No. In No. 5, since the volume fraction of the second phase exceeded 30% and the average particle size of the second phase exceeded 5 μm, cracks occurred from the ironed surface. The local elongation (L.EL) was low, the average particle size of ferrite and the average particle size of the second phase were large, and cracks occurred on the ironed surface. No. In No. 6, the Δn was large, the roundness was poor, the dimensional accuracy was poor, and at the same time, the average particle diameter of the second phase exceeded 5 μm.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
In order to improve ironing workability and dimensional accuracy after processing, the present invention controls the volume fraction of the second phase and the average particle size of the second phase by controlling the chemical components and controlling the manufacturing conditions. By suppressing the generation of voids during heavy working and reducing the anisotropy of the n value, fluctuations in working in the circumferential direction can be suppressed. As a result, it becomes possible to provide a hot-rolled steel sheet having extremely excellent rotary ironing workability and excellent dimensional accuracy.
[0067]
By using such a hot-rolled steel sheet, it is possible to integrally mold a complicatedly shaped part of an axisymmetric rotating body typified by a carrier and a hub. It is possible to do.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of rotary ironing.
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JP2005298967A (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-10-27 | Jfe Steel Kk | Hot rolled steel sheet having excellent working hardenability and method for producing the same |
JP4543963B2 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2010-09-15 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | Hot-rolled steel sheet excellent in work hardenability and manufacturing method thereof |
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