JP2003531321A - Cogging element and cogging structure - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a cogging element (11, 21) for a cogging structure, wherein the cogging element is a contact surface (12, 21) for contacting an adjacent cogging element (11, 21) or a bottom in a common plane. , 22) and side surfaces (13, 23) for forming the sides of the cogging structure, wherein at least one end (14, 24) of the cogging element (11, 21) has an inclined end surface (15, 23). , 25) wherein the angled end faces form angles (16, 26) with the side faces (13, 23) and the slope of the end of another cogging element (11 ', 21') at the intersection plane. Corresponding end surface (25 '), the end (14, 24) of the cogging element being located on an extension of the cogging element (11, 21) on the same surface. 21, 11) corresponding end Is provided so as to be fixed or Orbiting to at least one fixing element is a screw in the form for fixing the (24, 14) (31). The invention further relates to a cogging structure composed of cogging elements.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cogging element for a cogging structure, the cogging element forming a contact surface for contacting an adjacent cogging element or a bottom in a common plane, and a side surface of the cogging structure. It has a side for.

The invention further relates to a cogging structure composed of cogging elements arranged as two intersecting planes.

Cogging joints can be used on the walls of buildings such as houses and cabins, and can also be used on other building structures such as sand pits, shelter walls, and play equipment. Cogging joints are constructed by arranging each cogging element, typically a log, at the intersecting plane, each cogging element forming a wall of a building structure. Traditional cogging fittings
It is constructed by staggering the ends of the cogging elements on the line of intersection between the planes and on top of each of the two walls. Therefore, this line of intersection forms the corner of the wall. As a result of close contact between intersecting cogging elements, the total height of the notches near the ends of the cogging element on the top and bottom of both or one cogging element corresponds to the height of the cogging element To do. Since the height of the cogging element is replaced by half the height of the cogging element between the planes, the height of the notch is usually about 1/4 of the height of the cogging element on both the rear and bottom cogging elements. The height of is used.

At the top and bottom contact surfaces, the cogging elements may be equipped with tongue and groove joints to increase the proximity between the cogging elements on the same wall.

(Background Art) US Pat. No. 4,056,906 discloses that an outer wall is formed by stacking wooden boards that are relatively juxtaposed with each other at half the height of the boards on adjacent wall surfaces with a corner joint. The building constructed in the log cabin style that was formed is described. Each plate terminates in a joint at the tongue that has a reduced height and a thickness that is flat against the sides of the reduced neck portion of the corresponding joint block, which is also wooden, A portion of the enlarged head extends into the tongue of two plates of adjacent walls that are orthogonal. The tongue portion and the corresponding block can be securely connected by connecting ribs or grooves, dovetail fittings or other surface formations, and can also be joined by nails and / or adhesives.

Aligned plate pairs of the same wall can also be joined by similar blocks juxtaposed at half the height.

The notch at the end of the cogging element can be made manually, but this is time consuming and requires high skill. The cutouts can also be machined, which saves time compared to manual work, but is also time consuming and more expensive than producing only logs without cutouts. I will end up. This is one reason why cogging joint manufacturing is rarely used as a construction technique.

Another problem with the manufacture of cogging joints is the need for a close fit between the cutouts of two intersecting cogging elements to provide a close and firm bond between the cogging elements at the corners. Is. This need conflicts with the desire to have some clearance to allow the cogging element to be assembled and to correct inaccuracies in the cogging element and the building structure.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to be manufactured in a rational manner and, when assembled into a cogging structure,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cogging element in which a close and firm joint is obtained between the cogging elements in the corner portions. A further object is that the cogging structure should be easy to assemble and disassemble so that the cogging structure can be adopted as a temporary structure.

This object is achieved by a cogging element and a cogging structure according to the invention of the type mentioned in the opening paragraph, characterized by the features stated in the claims.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a cogging element for a cogging structure, the cogging element comprising a contact surface for contacting an adjacent cogging element or a bottom in a common plane and a side surface for forming a side of the cogging structure. Is equipped with. At least one end of the cogging element is provided with a beveled end surface that is angled with the side surface and is provided to mate with a corresponding beveled end surface at the end of another cogging element at the intersecting surface. Also, the end of the cogging element is fixed to or comprises at least one fixing element for fixing the corresponding end of another cogging element extending from the cogging element in the same plane. It is provided in.

The invention further relates to a cogging structure composed of cogging elements, wherein the cogging elements are arranged in two intersecting planes. The ends of the cogging elements in each plane face the line of intersection between the planes, with the sloping end faces contacting the adjacent end faces of the cogging elements in another plane and of the cogging elements extending from each other in the same plane. The ends are connected by fixing elements.

The angle between the two planes is often 90 °, which means that the angle between the end face and the side can be the same at any place, so in this case the angle between the inclined end face and the side face. The angle is preferably 135 °.

Cogging elements can be divided into two types, elongated elements and short corner elements,
Elongate elements are used in walls and other elongate structures and can be provided with beveled end faces at both ends, and short corner elements are usually provided on the extension of the elongate element, with the line of intersection between the two faces of the cogging element. Is located on the opposite side of.

The corner element may be provided with through threaded holes parallel to the contact surface and the side surface, and the fixing element may consist of a screw extending through the threaded hole of the corner element to the end of the elongated element. You can The ends of the cogging element preferably have a cross-section that intersects the end face in order to provide space for the fixing element.

A common cogging structure is an L-shaped corner, with two walls terminating in the intersecting plane. Next, the two walls consist of an elongated cogging element, the length of which is
Matched to the length of the wall, or the distance from the corner to the opening in the wall, eg the window.
Corner elements in the extension of the elongated cogging element, opposite the line of intersection between the walls, form the corner outer elements.

Another type of cogging structure is a T-shaped corner, where the wall ends in contact with the through wall, which is used in log houses where the inner wall ends in contact with the outer wall. The through wall (outer wall) is constituted by elongated cogging elements on both sides of the corner. The terminating wall (inner wall) is composed of an elongated cogging element, and this elongated cogging element is
Opposite the line of intersection between the two walls, it is terminated by a corner element.

In the case of a through wall, the ends of the elongated cogging element, facing the line of intersection between the planes from each side, can be connected to a fixing element consisting of a screw threaded at both ends. This type of coupling can also be employed when one or both cogging elements are corner elements. In this case, the cogging elements are screwed together before they are assembled into the cogging structure to simplify the assembly process.

Furthermore, cogging elements can be employed in many other structures, examples being evacuation shelter walls, sand traps, field stage foundations, person or vehicle barriers, paths and gardens. Support structures for stones or soils of the earth, as well as temporary or permanent structures that can be characterized as walls only to two extents to a limited extent.

Although the cogging element can be manufactured from logs, many other materials can be employed, for example plastic materials, concrete materials such as light concrete,
These materials have the advantage of not decaying over logs.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific embodiments and the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a cogging element for a cogging structure according to the invention in the form of an elongated cogging element 11. The top and bottom form a contact surface 12 for contacting adjacent cogging elements or bottoms in a common plane. The elongated cogging element 11 further comprises side surfaces 13 for forming the sides of the cogging structure. The end 14 of the elongated cogging element 11 comprises a beveled end surface 15, which forms an angle 16 with the side surface 13 and which also has a corresponding bevel at the end of the other cogging element at the intersection. It is provided to match the end face, which will be described in more detail later. The opposite end of the elongated cogging element 11 is not shown. The other end may correspond to the end 14 or may be designed in another suitable way, which design may be a square cut at an opening provided in the wall, for example a window. .

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of another cogging element according to the invention in the form of a corner cogging element 21. As with the elongate cogging element 11, the top and bottom contact surfaces 2 for contact with adjacent cogging elements in a common plane, or the bottom.
Forming 2. The corner element 21 further comprises side surfaces 23 for forming the sides of the cogging structure. The end 24 of the corner element 21 is provided with a beveled end face 25, which forms an angle 26 with the side face 23 and also coincides with the beveled end face of the end of another cogging element at the intersection. Is provided. The opposite ends 28 of the corner elements 21 are square cut.

The ends 14, 24 of the cogging element are each adapted to be fastened to or pivoted with at least one fastening element in the form of a screw, said at least one fastening element being It is for fixing to the corresponding ends 24 and 14 of different cogging elements 21 and 11, respectively, in the extended portions of the cogging elements 11 and 21 in the same plane. For the corner element 21, this is achieved by the corner element 21 with through-threaded holes 29 parallel to the contact surface 22, the side surface 23.

FIG. 3 shows an elongated cogging element 11 and an angled cogging element 21 combined by a fastening element in the form of a screw 31, which screw 31 passes through a screw hole 29 provided in the angled element 21. It extends into the end 14 of 11. Elongated element 1
1 is provided to be fixed with screws 31, and the elongate elements are made of wooden lumber into which the screws 31 can be inserted. The ends 14, 24 of the cogging element are
It has cross sections 17, 27 that cross 5, 25. This provides space for screws and simplifies assembly of the cogging element. To facilitate the insertion of the screw 31, the cross section 17 may be provided with a hole that matches the dimensions of the threaded portion of the screw 31. Alternatively, the screw 31 may be of the self-piercing type, which allows it to be screwed into the cross-sections 17, 27 without having to be pre-drilled.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cogging structure according to the present invention. This cogging structure comprises three elongate cogging elements 11 with corresponding corner elements 21 arranged coextensively with each other, and corresponding corner elements 2 arranged so as to extend mutually on the intersecting plane.
1'with two intersecting elongated cogging elements 11 '. The cogging element comprises contact surfaces 12, 12 ', 22, 22' and side surfaces 13, 13 ', 23,
Overlaid on top of each other over 23 ', these form the sides of the cogging structure.

The ends 14, 24, 14 ′, 24 ′ of the cogging element face the line of intersection 32 between the planes. The ends 14, 24 of the cogging elements 11, 21 are in contact with the screw head 33 by means of a screw 31, while the ends 14 ′, 24 of the cogging elements 11 ′, 21 ′.
'Is connected by the corresponding screw, but the screw head 33' of this screw is shown in the figure.
Only can see.

The sloping end faces 15, 25 of the cogging elements 11, 21 abut the adjacent end face 25 ′ of the cogging element 21 ′ in another plane. Similarly, the cogging element 11 ′ has an end face (not shown) that contacts the end faces 15 and 25.

The cogging structure of FIG. 4 forms an angle of 90 °, and for the purpose of standardization, it is desirable to make the ends of the cogging element as uniform as possible, and referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, All angles 16, 26 between the end faces 15, 25 and the side faces 13, 23 are selected to be 135 °. If there is another angle between the plane forming portions of the cogging structure, that angle will be provided accordingly.

In the cogging structure of FIG. 4, the cogging element on the same face on one side of the intersection line 32 is constituted by the elongated element, the cogging element on the other side of the intersection line is constituted by the corner element, and the fixing element is Elongated elements 11, 11 'through the corner elements 21, 21'
It consists of a screw 31 extending into the ends 14, 14 '.

In another cogging structure, not shown, the coplanar cogging elements on either side of the intersection line 32 can be composed of elongated elements. This may be, for example, a cogging structure in which the inner wall of the house terminates in contact with the outer wall, or by which the outer wall extends through the corner formed by the elongated cogging elements on both sides of the corner. The fastening elements that extend and connect the elongated cogging elements to one another can consist of screws with threads on both ends, which screws are screwed into the ends of the two elongated cogging elements. This action can be performed while firmly fixing one elongated cogging element while rotating the other elongated cogging element. In this case, the screwing operation is preferably performed before the elongated cogging element is incorporated into the cogging structure. Alternatively, the elongated cogging element may be assembled with a screw having a right-handed screw thread on one end, a left-handed screw thread on the other end, and a portion, preferably centrally, to be gripped by the spanner. This allows the screws to be inserted into the ends of both two elongated cogging elements at the same time and the wrench can be used to reduce the tightening of the desired cogging joint. Angular elements fixed by the type of screw shown in FIG. 4 may be used to connect the inner wall with the outer wall.

The cogging element according to the invention can be manufactured mechanically, for example from logs, to standardized dimensions and to achieve rotary manufacturing. The cogging elements are coupled in the same way regardless of the type of cogging structure and the types of corners to be built, thus facilitating the assembly of the cogging structure. The disassembly is simple because it can be done in the reverse order of assembly. Therefore, the cogging structure according to the present invention can be advantageously used as a temporary structure for assembling the structure at a trade fair or an outdoor stage, for example.

Once the cogging elements have been assembled, the screws can be tightened using a suitable tool to press the adjacent end faces against each other. This provides a tight and firm bond between the cogging elements at the corners. After some time, you can loosen some of the corners for the setting. In this case, if the screws are tightened again, the corners can be easily formed firmly.

There are several ways to design the fixation element. If practical, instead of using only one screw to extend between two cogging elements, several screws can be employed. It is also possible to use different types of screws, for example stud screws with a thread for fixing the end of an elongated cogging element at one end and a thread for a nut at the other end. is there. These stud screws can be left permanently screwed into the ends of the elongated cogging element. In the case of a cogging structure for use in temporary structures and for multiple assembly and disassembly, for example for exhibition use, the ends of the elongated cogging element have internal threads that match the threads of the corresponding screw. It is practical to provide a grooved nut with a groove to prevent fatigue of the thread inside the screw hole provided at the end of the cogging element by repeating assembly and disassembly of the corner.

Further, the screw head can be a decorative head to make the appearance of the cogging structure more aesthetically pleasing. Decorative plates may be provided at the ends of some of the angled cogging elements arranged in the same plane to cover the screw heads. Alternatively, the outermost portion of the screw hole of the corner element can be widened to recess the screw head into the screw hole and insert an aesthetically pleasing plug or stop into the screw hole.

[Brief description of drawings]

[Figure 1]   FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an elongated cogging element according to the present invention.

[Fig. 2]   FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a corner cogging element according to the present invention.

[Figure 3]   FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the assembled elongated and angled cogging elements.

[Figure 4]   FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cogging structure according to the present invention.

[Procedure for Amendment] Submission for translation of Article 34 Amendment of Patent Cooperation Treaty

[Submission date] May 2, 2002 (2002.5.2)

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Name of item to be amended] Claims

[Correction method] Change

[Contents of correction]

[Claims]

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0008

[Correction method] Change

[Contents of correction]

Another problem with the manufacture of cogging joints is the need for a close fit between the cutouts of two intersecting cogging elements to provide a close and firm bond between the cogging elements at the corners. Is. This need conflicts with the desire to have some clearance to allow the cogging element to be assembled and to correct inaccuracies in the cogging element and the building structure. Finnish patent 98 470 discloses a corner connection of a wooden house in which the walls are preassembled into elements in which hard wood timber is secured to each other by means of vertical tie rods extending through the elements. Related to. The sides of the ends of both elements connecting to each other as well as the connecting surfaces of the two supporting timbers are inclined at the same inclination angle, the elements and the supporting timber being cross-connected. This connection is at least 2
Locked in place by connecting means, which press the inclined surfaces of the element and the supporting timber towards each other.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) E04C 1/04 J (81) Designated country EP (AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI) , FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE, TR), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GW, ML, MR, NE) , SN, TD, TG), AP (GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZW), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AE, AG, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, Z, DE, DK, DM, DZ, EE, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ , LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MZ, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, SL, TJ, TM, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VN, YU, ZA, ZW

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. A cogging element for a cogging structure, the cogging element (
11, 21) contact surfaces (12, 22) for contacting adjacent cogging elements (11, 21) or bottoms on a common surface and side surfaces (13, 23) for forming sides of the cogging structure. ) And at least one end (14, 24) of the cogging element (11, 21) is a slanted end face (15, 25), the slanted end face together with the side face (13, 23) at an angle ( 16, 26) and also the inclined end face (25 ') of the end of another cogging element (11', 21 ') at the intersection.
Corresponding to the ends (14, 24) of the cogging element (11, 24) in the same plane.
, 21) on the extension of another cogging element (21, 11) at the corresponding end (24
, 14) at least one fixing element (31) in the form of a screw for fixing
A cogging element characterized in that it is provided so as to be fixed or swung with respect to. 2. Cogging element according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle (16, 26) between the end face (15, 25) and the side face (13, 23) is 135 °. 3. The ends (14, 24) of the cogging element are arranged on the end face (15).
, 25) with a cross-section (17, 27) transverse to said cogging element. 4. Cogging element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cogging element is an elongated element (11). 5. Cogging element according to claim 1, characterized in that said cogging element is a corner element (21). 6. Cogging according to claim 5, characterized in that the angular element (21) comprises a threaded through hole (29) parallel to the contact surface (22) and the side surface (23). element. 7. A cogging structure constituted by a cogging element according to any one of the preceding claims, the cogging element being arranged in two intersecting planes, the cogging element in each plane. (11, 21; 11 ', 21') ends (14
, 24; 14 ', 24') faces the intersection line (32) between the planes, and the inclined end surface (15) contacts the end surface (25 ') of the adjacent cogging element in the other plane, and The cogging elements (11, 21; 11 ', 21') extending in plane to each other
C), the ends of which are connected by a fixing element (31). 8. The cogging element on the same side on one side of the intersection line (32) is constituted by an elongated element (11), and the cogging element on the other side of the intersection line is constituted by a corner element (21). The cogging structure according to claim 7, wherein the cogging structure is provided. 9. A screw (31) in which the fastening element extends through the corner element (21, 21 ′) and into the end (14, 14 ′) of the elongated element (11, 11 ′).
The cogging structure according to claim 8, wherein the cogging structure is formed of: 10. The cogging structure according to claim 7, wherein the fixing element is constituted by a screw having threaded portions at both ends.