JP2003344228A - Detector and system for detecting abnormality in contact face of machine parts relatively moved - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To properly detect abnormality in a contact face between machine parts relatively moved under contact. <P>SOLUTION: This contact face abnormality detector is constituted of the machine parts relatively moved while contacting each other, an ultrasonic probe faced to the contact face between the machine parts and provided in one of the machine parts, a transceiving means for transceiving an ultrasonic wave to the contact face via the ultrasonic probe, and a detecting means for detecting the abnormality of a contact condition on the contact face, based on signal intensity of a reflected wave received by the transceiving part. The reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave is propagated in an inside of the machine parts to be returned again to an emission source of the ultrasonic wave via an oil film. Since a thickness of the oil film gets thin when contact face pressure is high, an attenuation level when the ultrasonic wave is propagated in the oil film gets small to provide the intensified reflected wave intensity resultingly, and the abnormality in the contact face is thereby detected properly by detecting the intensity of the reflected wave. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method, an apparatus and a system for detecting an abnormality in a contact surface between mechanical parts, and more particularly to a method for detecting an abnormality in a contact surface between mechanical parts which make relative movement while contacting with each other with sliding and rolling. Regarding abnormality detection.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It is desired to monitor the contact state of contact surfaces between mechanical parts and detect an abnormal contact state.
In particular, in order to prevent abnormal wear and damage to equipment on the contact surface between mechanical parts that move relative to each other while sliding and rolling, it is necessary to monitor the contact state appropriately. Is required.

An example of such a contact surface is a sliding surface between an Oldham key and a key groove in an Oldham joint of a scroll compressor for refrigeration and air conditioning. The sliding surface of such an Oldham coupling is subjected to forces in various directions other than the direction perpendicular to the sliding surface and moment force resulting from rotational motion, resulting in excessive contact pressure or one-sided contact. Abnormal wear is a particular problem. If abnormal wear occurs here, for example, reliability of the compressor may be reduced, vibration may increase, and failure may stop. As another example of such a contact surface, for example, a sliding surface of a sliding bearing or a rolling surface of a rolling bearing can be considered.

On the other hand, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-43193,
It is described that the contact state is detected by sound or vibration generated when a rotating part and a stationary part of a rotating machine slide. Further, JP-A-8-151992 discloses that a contact state is detected by using a so-called acoustic emission (AE) signal. Further, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-288182 describes that a contact state is detected by using an energization signal. Further, in JP-A-6-8139, ultrasonic waves are propagated in the liquid supplied to the bearing,
It is described that the contact state of a sliding surface is detected by an ultrasonic signal detected via a rotating shaft.

[0005]

However, among the above-mentioned methods, the method using the sound, vibration, AE signal and energization signal is susceptible to noise generated for various reasons during the operation of the machine, There is a problem that it is difficult to secure the target S / N ratio of the signal component, and the use is limited when the material of the contact surface portion is a resin material.

On the other hand, according to the method of propagating ultrasonic waves to the liquid supplied to the bearing, the S / N ratio can be improved because it is less likely to be affected by other noise signals. However, since it is not possible to detect the state of a specific portion of the contact surface, it is difficult to use it for detection of, for example, one-side contact. Further, when bubbles are mixed in the liquid, there is a problem that the ultrasonic signal is affected by attenuation and resonance due to the bubbles, and accurate detection cannot be performed.

In view of the above problems, the object of the present invention is to
The purpose is to properly detect abnormalities on the contact surface.

[0008]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a mechanical part that relatively moves while making contact, an ultrasonic probe provided on one of the mechanical parts facing the contact surface between the mechanical parts, and an ultrasonic probe. A contact surface abnormality detecting device having a transmitting and receiving means for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to and from the contact surface via The problems described above are solved.

That is, when mechanical parts come into contact with each other through an oil film of lubricating oil or the like, when ultrasonic waves are applied to this contact surface,
The ultrasonic waves enter the mechanical part on the opposite side through the oil film, propagate therein, and are reflected on the surface on the opposite side. This reflected wave propagates inside the mechanical component and returns to the ultrasonic wave irradiation source through the oil film again. At this time, when the contact strength of the contact surface or the contact surface pressure is high, the thickness of the oil film becomes small, so the amount of attenuation when the ultrasonic waves propagate in the oil film becomes small, and as a result, a strong reflected wave strength can be obtained. Becomes Therefore, the abnormality of the contact surface can be appropriately detected by detecting the intensity of the reflected wave.

In this case, it may be determined whether or not the state of the contact surface is abnormal by determining whether or not the intensity of the reflected wave is within a predetermined range.

Further, the transmission / reception signal transmits / receives ultrasonic waves a plurality of times at time intervals, and the contact surface abnormality detecting device records a plurality of reflected wave signals corresponding to the plural times of ultrasonic wave transmission / reception. The recording means, the reference pattern database in which the reference patterns are accumulated, and the pattern comparison means for comparing the transition patterns of the signal intensities of the plurality of reflected waves recorded in the recording means with the reference pattern, and the detection means are compared. The configuration may be such that an abnormality in the contact state of the contact surface is detected based on the result.

That is, the transition pattern of the intensity of the reflected wave represents the temporal variation of the contact pressure on the contact surface for the member on the side where the ultrasonic probe is provided, and on the other hand for the member on the side moving with respect to the ultrasonic probe. , Represents the fluctuation of the contact pressure depending on the position. Therefore, for example, if uneven wear or uneven contact occurs, the transition pattern changes. Therefore, by comparing this transition pattern with a reference pattern, which is a type of transition pattern in a normal or abnormal contact state defined in advance, the contact state of the contact surfaces between a plurality of mechanical parts that are displaced while contacting each other. It is possible to properly detect the abnormality. Such contact surfaces include, for example, sliding surfaces and rolling surfaces. The sliding surface includes, for example, the sliding surface between the Oldham key and the key groove of the Oldham coupling of the scroll compressor and the sliding surface of the journal slide bearing. Including faces.

Further, it may be configured to have a control section for variably setting the operating condition of the machine according to the comparison result of the pattern comparing means. According to this, when the contact state is determined to be abnormal as a result of the pattern comparison, the life of the apparatus is extended by setting the operating condition so as to suppress or improve the deterioration of the state of the contact portion. be able to.

Further, the reference pattern database is not provided in the abnormality detecting device, but is provided in a remote computer having a communication device connectable to a communication line such as a net, and the abnormality detecting device refers to this remote device via the communication device. It may be a system for accessing and referring to the pattern database. According to this, the remote administrator who manages the reference pattern database can update the reference pattern database at any time, and the user using each abnormality detection device can receive the management service based on the latest reference pattern database. effective.

Further, the pattern comparison may be performed by a computer on the remote manager side. In this case, the abnormality detecting device is configured to have a communication means for transmitting the transition pattern of the reflected wave signal to the communication line. According to this, the function of pattern comparison can be unified on the administrator side, and it is not necessary to provide a pattern comparison unit for each abnormality detection device, so that the configuration of the abnormality detection device can be simplified. In this case, when it is determined that the contact state is abnormal, the operation control command may be transmitted to the source according to the transition pattern of the reflected wave signal via the communication line. In this case, it is preferable that the administrator has a driving control command database in which driving control commands associated with the reference pattern are accumulated, and the driving control command selected according to the comparison result is transmitted.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of a scroll compressor for refrigeration and air conditioning including a contact state detecting device to which the contact surface abnormality detecting device of the present invention is applied will be described below. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a scroll compressor. As is well known, this scroll compressor sucks a low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant gas after it is used for air conditioning, compresses it, and discharges it as a high-temperature high-pressure refrigerant gas.

As shown in FIG. 1, a scroll compressor 1
Is a closed container 3 configured by closing the upper and lower ends of a cylindrical body extending in a substantially vertical direction by cap-shaped end surfaces formed in a dome shape, and a well-known scroll arranged above the container 3. The compression mechanism 5 that compresses the refrigerant gas by the operation as a compressor, and the compression mechanism is driven via a rotary shaft 7 that is arranged in the container 3 below the compression mechanism 5 and that is arranged on the cylinder axis of the container 3. And an electric motor 9. Further, at the lower end of the container 3, there is provided a lubricating oil sump 11 for storing the refrigerant-mixed lubricating oil supplied to each sliding surface formed between the parts and members forming the compression mechanism 5.

The compression mechanism 5 has a fixed scroll 15 having a spiral or spiral wrap 13 and a orbiting scroll provided below the fixed scroll 15 and having a spiral or spiral wrap 17 meshing with the wrap 13. 19 and. Fixed scroll 1
The wrap 13 of No. 5 and the wrap 17 of the orbiting scroll 19 are intermeshed with each other to form a compression chamber sandwiched between their surfaces. Then, an Oldham ring 21 combined with the orbiting scroll 19 and the fixed scroll 15 is provided so as to cause the orbiting scroll 19 to orbit with respect to the fixed scroll 15 without rotating on its own axis. Further, a frame 22 that holds the fixed scroll 15, the orbiting scroll 19, and the Oldham ring 21 at predetermined positions is provided.

The fixed scroll 15 is an orbiting scroll 19
Has a disk-shaped end plate 23 opposed to. A disc-shaped recess is provided in the center of the lower surface of the end plate 23, and the wrap 13 is provided in this recess. The wrap 13 is formed in an involute curve or a curve similar to this when viewed from the cylinder axis direction of the container 3. On the other hand, the orbiting scroll 19 also has a disk-shaped end plate 25, and the wrap 17 is formed so as to project from the upper surface of the end plate 25.
A cylindrical boss 29 is formed so as to project from the lower surface of the end plate 25 and into which the eccentric shaft portion 27 at the upper end of the rotary shaft 7 is inserted. The upper surface of the end plate 25 of the orbiting scroll 19 and the lower surface of the end plate 23 of the fixed scroll 15 are the end plates 2
It is configured to abut and slide on the peripheral edge portion except the portion corresponding to the concave portion of 3.

The frame 22 has an upper portion fixed to the lower portion of the end plate 23 of the fixed scroll 15 by a bolt, and is formed into a cylindrical shape for accommodating the orbiting scroll 19 and the Oldham ring 21 therein. The diameter-reduced portion is connected to the rotary shaft 7 via a rolling bearing 28 inserted into the reduced diameter portion from above. Below the rolling bearing 28, the inner surface of the frame 22 and the surface of the rotary shaft 7 are arranged to face each other with a minute gap. The frame 22 itself is fixed to the container 3.

The Oldham ring 21 is formed in a ring shape having a rectangular cross section, and the key 3 having a rectangular cross section protruding from the upper surface thereof.
0 is two in the circumferential direction, in other words 180 in the circumferential direction
° Separated. On the other hand, Oldham ring 21
Like the upper surface, the lower surface of the key is provided with two keys 31 that are spaced apart by 180 ° in the circumferential direction and project downward, and are displaced by 90 ° in the circumferential direction with respect to the key 30 on the upper surface. On the lower surface of the end plate 25 of the orbiting scroll 19, there is formed a key groove 33 that meshes with the key 30 on the upper surface of the Oldham ring 21 and extends in the radial direction of the end plate 25. On the other hand, inside the frame 22, a key groove 35 that meshes with the key 31 on the lower surface of the Oldham ring 21 and extends in the radial direction of the frame 22 is formed. The key groove 33 and the key groove 35 are provided symmetrically with respect to the eccentric shaft portion 27 of the rotary shaft 7. The keys 30 and 31 reciprocate while sliding along the corresponding key grooves 33 and 35, so that the Oldham ring 21 does not rotate the orbiting scroll 19 that is eccentrically moving with respect to the fixed scroll 15. Has been done.

A refrigerant gas suction pipe 37 is provided so as to penetrate the upper end surface of the container 3. The suction pipe 37 is provided substantially vertically from a suction port 39 that is opened in the vertical direction at the peripheral portion of the upper portion of the fixed scroll 15. On the other hand, a discharge port 41 that is opened in a substantially vertical direction is formed in the center of the fixed scroll 15, and a space is provided between the upper surface of the fixed scroll 15 where the discharge port 41 is opened and the upper end surface of the container 3. A discharge chamber 43, which is a part, is provided. A back pressure chamber 45, which is an annular space surrounded by the lower surface of the end plate 25 and the inner surface of the frame 22, is formed in the lower portion of the orbiting scroll 19. The back pressure chamber 45 penetrates the end plate 25.
A pore 47 is provided to connect the compression chamber and the compression chamber. In addition, inside the back pressure chamber 45, coupled to the frame 22,
A balance weight 46 is provided to offset the inertial force caused by the turning motion of the Oldham ring 21. A discharge pipe 49 communicating with the side wall of the container 3 is formed so as to project from the side wall of the container 3. The position where the discharge pipe 49 is attached to the container 3 is approximately the same height as the reduced diameter portion of the frame 22. The discharge pipe 49 is bent upward.

Further, the rotary shaft 7 is provided with an oil supply hole 51 which is a through hole formed along the shaft center, and the upper end portion of the oil supply hole 51 communicates with the back pressure chamber 45 through the inside of the boss 29. Then
The lower end portion of the oil supply hole 51 is formed so as to protrude substantially vertically downward from the lower end surface of the rotary shaft 7, and the lower end portion is arranged so that the lower end portion is immersed in the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil sump 11. Is in communication with.

Next, the ultrasonic probe which is a characteristic part of the scroll compressor 1 of the present invention will be described. Figure 2
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the scroll compressor 1 of FIG. 1 taken along the line II-II. As shown in FIG. 2, in the key groove 35 of the frame 22, a pair of ultrasonic probes 55 and 57 facing each other with the key groove 33 sandwiched in a substantially horizontal direction, and an ultrasonic probe provided on the lower surface of the key groove 35. 59 and. Each ultrasonic probe is formed in a cylindrical shape, and its diameter is, for example, 2 mm.
It is a degree. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the ultrasonic probes 55, 57, 5
Each 9 is inserted into an opening formed substantially vertically from the groove surface of the Oldham key groove. Each ultrasonic probe has a piezoelectric element and vibrates when a drive voltage is applied from a measuring device described later to generate an ultrasonic wave. In addition, each ultrasonic probe is arranged such that the tip end surface thereof is recessed from the surface of the key groove 35 by a minute distance set in consideration of the life of the device. Each ultrasonic probe is attached using an insulating adhesive, and its outer periphery is insulated. In addition, between the Oldham key 31 and the Oldham key groove 35 of the Oldham ring 21 is shown in FIG.
As shown in, the lubricating oil is evenly introduced to form the oil film 61. The oil supplied to the sliding parts of such an Oldham coupling passes through the oil supply hole of the rotary shaft from the lubricating oil sump due to the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the frame, and the oil enters the frame. It is done by scattering.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the ultrasonic probe 6 is also provided on the sliding surface between the side surface of the rotary shaft 7 and the inner surface of the frame 22.
5 are provided. The ultrasonic probe 65 is embedded in an opening formed in the frame 22 and is arranged so as to face a sliding surface of the rotary shaft 7. An oil film 67 is also formed on the sliding surface between the side surface of the rotary shaft 7 and the inner surface of the frame 22.

In addition, the ultrasonic probe 63 has the rolling bearing 2
8 is provided on the sliding surface between the lower surface of the inner ring and the upper surface of the thrust bearing 64, is embedded in an opening formed in the thrust bearing 64, and is arranged to face the sliding surface of the rolling bearing 28 with the inner ring. An oil film 68 is also formed on this sliding surface.

Also, on the end plate of the fixed scroll, the ultrasonic probe 6 faces the sliding surface of the end plate of the orbiting scroll.
9 is provided. An oil film 70 is also formed on this sliding surface.

Further, the scroll compressor of this embodiment is
It has an external monitoring device. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the monitoring device. As shown in FIG. 4, the monitoring device 71 transmits and receives a signal to and from the ultrasonic probe 55 and the like, and a measuring device 73 that detects the intensity of a reflected wave that is a received signal, and a receiving device that the measuring device 73 detects. A storage device 75 that stores a signal, a contact pattern database 77 that stores a contact pattern described below, and a pattern comparison calculation that compares the contact pattern output from the storage device 75 with the contact pattern stored in the contact pattern database 77. It comprises a device 79 and a warning device 83 for issuing a warning to the manager 81 in response to the output signal of the pattern comparison operation device.

The monitoring of the sliding surface using the ultrasonic probe, which is a characteristic of the scroll compressor of this embodiment, will be described below. When the scroll compressor 1 operates, the key 31 of the Oldham ring 21 forming a well-known Oldham coupling that causes the orbiting scroll 19 to orbit, reciprocates in the key groove 35 while sliding on the groove surface. become. FIG. 5: is a figure which shows the movement with respect to the keyway of an Oldham key at the time of driving. Such a reciprocating motion depends on the operating frequency of the electric motor 9, and is performed, for example, 50 to 60 times per second. Then, for example, the ultrasonic probe 55 repeats transmission and reception of ultrasonic pulse signals during operation of the scroll compressor 1. The ultrasonic pulse signal is transmitted by applying a voltage to the piezoelectric element of the ultrasonic probe 55 by the measuring device 73. The ultrasonic signal generated by this is propagated into the key 31 through the oil film and is reflected due to the difference in acoustic impedance on the opposite surface of the key 31, and the echo signal formed by this reflected wave is again detected by the ultrasonic probe. Return to 55. Then, the ultrasonic probe 55 outputs the echo signal as an electrical reception signal. in this case,
The larger the contact pressure of the key 31 to the key groove 35, the smaller the thickness of the oil film interposed between the surface of the key 31 and the surface of the ultrasonic probe 55, and the effect of attenuation when the ultrasonic wave propagates in the oil film. Becomes smaller, the received signal strength increases. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the input signal and the reflected wave, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the ultrasonic signal strength. As shown in FIG.
, A part of the reflected wave returns to the input surface, returns to the input surface, a part of the reflected wave returned to the input surface is input to the ultrasonic probe and detected, and the rest is reflected again to the opposed surface. It Then, the second reflected wave is detected at a time interval substantially the same as the time interval from the input to the first reflected wave. The signal intensity of the second reflected wave is smaller than the signal intensity of the first reflected wave. Then, the signal processing device (not shown) stores the intensity (V) of the first reflected wave in association with the rotation phase (rad) of the rotation shaft 7 at the time of reception. Incidentally, for example, when the width of the Oldham key 31 in the ultrasonic wave propagation direction is about 8 mm, the time interval from the transmission of the ultrasonic pulse signal to the reception of the reflected wave is, for example, about 1 μsec. Then, the ultrasonic probe 55 repeats such transmission and reception, and the storage device accumulates the intensity of the reflected wave corresponding to each phase of the rotation axis.

FIG. 7 shows an example of the signal intensity transition pattern of the reflected wave recorded in this manner in association with the rotation phase of the rotation axis, in which the key 31 is slid in parallel with the key groove 35. It is a graph which shows the thing of time. Such a transition pattern is obtained by taking an envelope curve of the peak intensity of the received signal obtained a plurality of times with a minute time interval. The horizontal axis represents the rotation phase (rad) of the rotation axis, and the vertical axis represents the reflected wave intensity (V). By the way, the measurement is performed from the rotational phase 0 to π of the rotary shaft, that is, for the half rotation of the rotary shaft. As shown in FIG. 7, a substantially trapezoidal transition pattern is obtained in this case. This means that the signal strength rises as the key 31 approaches the front surface of the ultrasonic probe 55, the reflected wave strength is kept substantially constant while the key 31 is passing, and the reflection occurs when the key 31 starts to leave the front surface of the ultrasonic probe. It shows that the wave intensity decreases again. Then, the reflected wave intensity in the upper bottom portion of the trapezoid, that is, the region where the signal intensity is maximum is about 0.4V in this case. The reason why both sides of the transition pattern, that is, the rising edge and the falling edge are inclined, is considered to be because the key 31 partially covers the surface of the ultrasonic probe 55. Gradually, the contact area calculation reference in the figure shows that the reception intensity of the ultrasonic wave obtained in the measurement of the rotation phase of the rotation axis from 0 to π (rad) is 80% of the maximum value.
The above areas are shown and are used for pattern recognition of a signal intensity pattern described later. Such a contact area calculation reference corresponds to the width of the contact area, and this corresponds to the wear area confirmed by the observation after repeated sliding. Assuming that the contact loads are equal, if the contact area is small, the contact surface pressure borne by the unit area will be large, in other words, the contact strength will be strong. Then, when the contact surface pressure exceeds a predetermined value, which is a physical property value peculiar to the material, for example, severe wear may occur or the parts may be damaged. Note that such data may be detected in one stroke or a half stroke of the key 31, or data of different phases may be detected over a plurality of strokes of the key 31 and these data may be connected together. You may. Moreover, you may use the average value of the data of multiple strokes.

Next, as shown in FIG. 8, a moment force in a clockwise direction when viewed from above is applied to the key 31, and the key 31 is pressed.
FIG. 9 shows the data measured after consciously making a one-sided contact state so that a larger contact load is applied to the traveling direction side. As shown in FIG. 9, the key 31 is the ultrasonic probe 5
Data was obtained in which the reception intensity was particularly high in the front third phase region while passing over the surface of No. 5. The reception intensity at this time is about 0.6V, and the reception intensity behind it is about 0.35V. By the way, when the sliding is repeated in this state, remarkable wear is observed in a region of the sliding surface of the key 31 in the front third of the traveling direction, and the contact state in the region where the received wave intensity is large becomes severe. Was confirmed.

On the other hand, contrary to FIG. 9, a counterclockwise moment force when viewed from above is applied to the key 31 so that more contact load is applied to the rear side of the key 31 in the traveling direction. FIG. 10 shows the data measured after the state was created. As shown in FIG. 10, the key 31 is the ultrasonic probe 5
Data was obtained in which the reception intensity was particularly large in the rearward third phase region while passing over the surface of No. 5. The reception intensity at this time is about 0.6V, and the reception intensity in front of it is about 0.35V. When sliding was repeated in this state as in the case of FIG. 8, remarkable wear was observed in a region of the sliding surface of the key 31 in the rear third of the traveling direction, and the reception intensity was also high. It was confirmed that the contact state of the area was severe.

By the way, comparing the worn state of the key 31 between the case of FIG. 9 and the case of FIG. 10, in the case of FIG. 9, that is, when the key 31 is viewed from above, a clockwise moment force is applied to the key 31 in the traveling direction. On the other hand, the depth of wear was greater when the front contact strength was increased. This indicates that even if the contact areas seem to be equivalent, the influence on the wear was different depending on the contact form.

Next, on the sliding surface of the key 31 facing the ultrasonic probe 55, a region of one-third of the central portion with respect to the traveling direction is cut out so as to be artificially recessed by a depth of 0.2 mm. Then, the sliding surface is set to the ultrasonic probe 5 of the key groove 35.
FIG. 11 shows the transition of the intensity of the reflected wave when sliding in parallel while applying a load perpendicular to the surface provided with 5. As shown in FIG. 11, the reflected wave intensity corresponding to the excised portion was about 0.25 V, whereas the reflected wave intensity corresponding to the non-ablated portion, which was the contact reference calculation region, was about 0.5.
It was as big as V.

Next, on the sliding surface of the key 31 facing the ultrasonic probe 55, one third of each of the front end portion and the rear end portion at the center of the depth of 0.2 mm in the traveling direction. FIG. 12 shows the transition of the intensity of the reflected wave when the sliding surface is cut out so as to be pulled in from the one-third portion so that the central portion one-third becomes convex and the sliding surface is slid as described above. Shown in. As shown in FIG. 12, the reflected wave intensity is about 0.2 V in the regions of both ends that are cut off, whereas it is about 0.6 V in the central region that is not cut as the contact region calculation reference. It was great.

Next, the sliding surface of the key 31 facing the ultrasonic probe 55 is formed in an arc shape having a convex central portion with respect to the moving direction of the key 31, and the result of the same experiment is shown. 13 shows. In this case, in the reflected wave intensity, as shown in FIG. 13, a protruding peak of about 0.7 V is formed from the central portion of the trapezoidal transition pattern having an upper bottom portion of about 0.3 V, and a narrow region in the central portion. It is considered that the contact strength is markedly increased.

As demonstrated by the above data,
It can be understood that the contact state of the sliding surface can be grasped based on the rotation phase of the rotation axis, in other words, the pattern in which the intensity of the reflected wave changes with the reception time. Therefore, in the scroll compressor of the present embodiment, types of such patterns when the contact state of the sliding surface is normal and abnormal are accumulated as a database of reference patterns in advance and measured through an ultrasonic probe. A function is provided to determine whether the contact state is normal or abnormal by comparing and collating with the created pattern.

The storage device 75 stores the reflected wave intensity detected by the measuring device 73 in association with the rotation phase of the rotation axis, and forms the reflected wave intensity pattern data as described with reference to FIGS. Input to the arithmetic unit 79. Next, the pattern comparison calculation device 79 selects, from the reference patterns stored in advance in the contact pattern database 77, a pattern similar to the input pattern by pattern recognition. Then, when the selected pattern is a reference pattern indicating an abnormal case, a warning is given to the manager 81 via the warning device 83. It should be noted that such a reference pattern is defined by, for example, the width of the contact area calculation reference, the range with respect to the rotation phase of the rotation axis, or the reflected wave intensity in the contact area calculation reference range.

The same processing is performed on the ultrasonic probes other than the ultrasonic probe 55.

The phase of the rotation axis is set in the monitoring device 71 according to the measurement target, and the measuring device 73, the pattern comparison operation device 79, and the contact pattern database 7 are set.
Reference numeral 7 changes the measurement time, the number of acquired data, the reference pattern data to be used, the calculation standard, etc. based on the set phase. The rotation frequency may be input in advance for the compressor in which the rotation shaft rotates constantly, but if the output from the separately provided rotation phase detection device or rotation frequency detection device is input to the monitoring device 71 at any time, The present invention can also be applied to the case where a shift operation is performed using an inverter or the like, and since it is possible to closely monitor the variation of the contact state that is likely to occur during a shift, it is possible to perform monitoring with higher accuracy and reliability.

As described above, according to this embodiment, ultrasonic waves are transmitted from the ultrasonic probe to the target sliding surface, and the abnormality of the contact surface is detected based on the intensity of the reflected wave. Therefore, the abnormality of the contact surface can be properly detected.

Further, since the pattern in which the actually measured reflected wave intensity changes is compared with the reference pattern stored in advance, it is possible to appropriately detect an abnormality such as uneven wear or deviation of the sliding contact surface or uneven contact. You can In particular, it is possible to classify the contact form not only by considering the intensity of the reflected wave itself, but also by considering its change pattern. It is possible to understand in detail the difference in the effect of.

Further, when the above-mentioned abnormality is detected, the control for suppressing or improving the deterioration of the state of the contact surface is performed, so that the life of the apparatus is prolonged and the administrator takes appropriate measures. There is an effect that can secure time for.

Next, a second embodiment of the scroll compressor to which the contact surface abnormality detecting device of the present invention is applied will be described. Since this embodiment is similar to the above-described first embodiment, the same components are designated by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts of a sliding portion between the Oldham key and the key groove of the scroll compressor of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 14, in this embodiment,
The ultrasonic probe 55 'is characterized in that it is not exposed on the sliding surface. That is, a hole that does not penetrate from the back side that does not slide with the key 31 of the key groove 35 is formed, and the ultrasonic probe 55 is arranged with its tip end surface in close contact with the plane formed at the protruding end portion of the hole.

According to this embodiment, in addition to the same effects as those of the above-described first embodiment, since the sensor surface of the ultrasonic probe is not exposed on the sliding surface, the durability of the contact surface abnormality detecting device is improved. There is an effect that can be raised.

Next, an embodiment of a rotary compressor for refrigerating and air conditioning, to which the contact surface abnormality detecting device of the present invention is applied, will be described. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary compressor of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 15, the rotary compressor 100 includes a hermetic container 3'standing vertically, a compression mechanism 5'compressing a refrigerant gas in the hermetic container 3 ', and a compression mechanism 5'above. It has an electric motor 9'provided in the closed container 3 ', and a rotary shaft 7'connecting the compression mechanism 5'and the electric motor 9'. Below the compressor, an oil sump 11 'for the refrigerant mixed lubricating oil supplied to the sliding surfaces of the parts and members forming the compression mechanism is provided.
The compression mechanism 5 ′ includes an eccentric shaft portion 101 formed at the lower end of the rotary shaft 7 ′, a roller 103 that is eccentrically rotated by the eccentric shaft portion 101, and a cylinder 105 that houses the eccentric shaft portion 101 and the roller 103. And the cylinder 105
A main bearing member 107 that includes a journal slide bearing that serves as an upper lid for supporting the rotating shaft 7 ', and a cylinder 105.
And a sub-bearing member 109 including a journal slide bearing and supporting the tip of the rotary shaft 7 '. The refrigerant-mixed lubricating oil stored in the oil sump 11 ′ has a shaft core hole 111 formed along the shaft core of the rotating shaft 7 ′ and a branch hole formed in a substantially horizontal direction from the shaft core hole 111. It is supplied to the sliding surfaces of the plain bearings of the main bearing member 107 and the sub bearing member 109 through 113 and 115. The space formed between the outer peripheral surface of the roller 103 and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 105 functions as the compression chamber 113 of the rotary compressor.

The main bearing member 107 is provided with ultrasonic probes 116 and 117 which face the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 7'through a through hole formed in a substantially horizontal direction. The ultrasonic probes 116 and 117 are vertically separated from each other, and the ultrasonic probe 116 is arranged above. On the other hand, the ultrasonic probe 119 is also provided on the auxiliary bearing member 109.
And 121 are provided so as to face the outer peripheral surface of the lower end of the rotary shaft 7 '. Ultrasonic probes 119 and 121
Are arranged so as to face each other via the rotation shaft 7 ′. Then, the ultrasonic probe 119 is provided in a substantially horizontal direction from the outer peripheral surface of the auxiliary bearing member 109, is inserted into a hole that does not penetrate, and the tip end surface thereof is arranged in close contact with the tip end surface of the hole. On the other hand, the ultrasonic probe 121 is arranged in a hole formed so as to penetrate from the inner peripheral surface of the auxiliary bearing member 109 to the outer peripheral surface thereof in a substantially horizontal direction, and the tip surface thereof is directly opposed to the rotary shaft 7 ′. ing.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along the line XVI-XVI of FIG. 15, in which the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 7'and the inner peripheral surface of the sub bearing member 109 is exaggerated for convenience of explanation. Shows. As shown in FIG. 15, lubricating oil is filled between the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 7 ′ and the inner peripheral surface of the sub bearing member 109, and the oil film 1
23 is formed. The rotating shaft 7'is caused by the reaction force due to the eccentric movement of the compression mechanism 5'and the auxiliary bearing portion 1
The behavior of the shaft core itself rotating while rotating inside the inner peripheral surface of 09 is shown. That is, when the rotating shaft 7'rotates, the rotating shaft 7'is periodically pressed against the surface near the ultrasonic probe 119.

In the present embodiment, ultrasonic waves are periodically radiated from each ultrasonic probe to the sliding surface or the contact surface between each bearing member and the rotating shaft 7 ', and the ultrasonic waves are rotated. Of the intensity of the reflected wave propagating in the direction of the cylinder axis of the ', reflected by the surface of the shaft core hole 111 and returned to each ultrasonic probe, in association with the rotation phase of the rotation shaft 7', and recording. Characterize. Also in this case, the reflected wave intensity increases when the contact surface pressure of the contact surface is high as in the above-described embodiments. However, the intensity of the reflected wave in such a journal bearing generally tends to be smaller than that of the contact surface between the above-mentioned substantially flat surfaces. On the other hand, in the case of a journal bearing, increasing the contact load tends to increase the contact area obtained by the contact area calculation standard.
In other words, the range of the rotational phase in which the reflected wave is received tends to be widened. By using this relationship, the contact load in the journal bearing can be estimated.

Next, a third embodiment of the scroll compressor to which the contact state abnormality detecting device of the present invention is applied will be described. The same elements as those in the first embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted. Figure 17
It is a block diagram showing composition of a monitoring device of a scroll compressor of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 17, the monitoring device 71 ′ of the present embodiment is characterized by including a control device 125 that controls the operation of the electric motor 9 according to the output signal of the pattern comparison calculation device 79. The control device 125 controls the operating frequency of the electric motor 9 based on the contact form, contact region, reflected wave intensity, etc. calculated by the pattern comparison calculation device 79 and the abnormality determination result. Specifically, when it is determined that the pressure load is excessive, the rotation frequency is reduced to control the load. If the refrigeration cycle (not shown) has a pressure load detection mechanism and it can be determined that the cause of the contact state is not the pressure load, the operating frequency of the motor is improved to lubricate the sliding surface. In some cases, the oil supply is increased to promote the formation of oil slicks. Further, a pressure sensor (not shown) that detects the discharge pressure and the suction pressure of the compressor may be provided. In this case, when it is determined that the contact state is abnormal and the pressure difference between the discharge pressure and the suction pressure is small, the contact state deteriorates due to insufficient supply of lubricating oil to the hour sliding surface. Is presumed to be the cause. So in this case,
It is advisable to improve the operating frequency of the electric motor to increase the pressure difference. Further, when it is determined that the state of the contact surface is abnormal, the operation of the electric motor may be temporarily stopped.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since it is possible to suppress the development of the abnormal contact state, it is possible to secure time for the administrator to take measures before the device is damaged. This has the effect of extending the life of the device.

Next, a first embodiment of a contact surface abnormality detecting system for a scroll compressor including the contact surface abnormality detecting device of the present invention will be described. The same symbols are attached to the same elements as those in the above-described respective embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted. FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the abnormality detection system of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 18, the monitoring device 71a of the present embodiment does not have the contact pattern database 77 and communicates with a terminal 127a having a computer provided remotely via an electric communication line such as the Internet. The difference is that the communication device 129 of FIG. Further, the terminal 127a includes a communication device 131 for communicating with the monitoring device 71a, a contact pattern database 77 ′ connected to the communication device 131, and a warning device 83 ′. These have the same functions as the contact pattern database 77 and the warning device 83, respectively.

In this embodiment, the pattern comparison / calculation device 79 reads the reference contact pattern from the contact pattern database 77 'in the remote terminal 127a through the communication device 129 and the telecommunication line. When it is determined that the contact state is abnormal, the pattern comparison calculation device 79 operates the warning device 83 ′ via the electric communication line to issue a warning to the remote manager 81 ′,
The controller 125 controls the operation of the electric motor 9 ′ in the same manner as the third embodiment of the scroll compressor described above. In addition, in the present embodiment, a configuration may be adopted in which the monitoring device 81 ′ of the plurality of compressors 1 is provided for one terminal 127a.

As described above, according to this embodiment, in addition to the effect similar to that of the third embodiment of the scroll compressor described above, the remote administrator terminal has a contact pattern database. Therefore, the administrator can upgrade the contact pattern database by successively adding new reference contact patterns, etc., and the user of each compressor 1 can receive the abnormality detection service based on the new contact pattern database. is there. Further, since the administrator can know the contact pattern actually measured from the compressor, there is an effect that information useful for updating the above-mentioned database can be obtained. Further, by allocating an expert to the administrator side, it is possible to appropriately deal with an unknown pattern that does not apply to the existing reference pattern. Furthermore, since the contact pattern database can be omitted from the abnormality detecting device on the user side, the device can be simplified. Such a system, for example, centrally manages a plurality of air conditioning and refrigeration compressors under the same administrator,
This is especially useful when the compressor of the refrigeration equipment of a fishing boat that operates distant fisheries is managed by a manager on the ground side.

Next, a second embodiment of the contact surface abnormality detection system to which the present invention is applied will be described. Figure 1
9 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the abnormality detection system of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 19, the present embodiment is similar to the first embodiment described above, except that the monitoring device 71b does not have a control device and the terminal 127b does not have a warning device. That is, in the present embodiment, when it is determined that the contact state is abnormal, it is transmitted to the manager 81 ′ via the terminal 71b.

Next, a third embodiment of the contact surface abnormality detecting system to which the present invention is applied will be described. Figure 2
0 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the abnormality detection system of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 20, the monitoring device 71c of the present embodiment includes a measuring device 73, a control device 125, and a communication device 129. On the other hand, the remote terminal 127c includes a communication device 131, a storage device 73 'connected to the communication device 131, a contact pattern database 77', and a pattern comparison operation device 79 connected to the storage device 73 'and the contact pattern database 77'. '
And a warning device 83 '.

In the present embodiment, the monitoring device 71c on the compressor side inputs the measurement result as it is to the remote terminal 127c via the communication device 129. Then, the contact state pattern is generated by storing the measurement result, and comparison / reference with the reference pattern is performed on the terminal 127c side. Then, when the abnormality of the contact state is detected, the pattern comparison / calculation device 79 ′ notifies the manager 81 ′ via the warning device 83 ′.
While sending a warning to the monitoring device 71c on the device side via the communication device 131. The abnormality information is input to the control device 125 via the communication device 129, and the operation control described above is performed here.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, in addition to the effect of the first embodiment of the anomaly detection system described above, the pattern comparison operation device can be integrated on the remote manager side, and therefore each compressor This has the effect of simplifying the configuration of the monitoring device associated with. In addition, by providing the pattern comparison operation device on the administrator side, there is an effect that the pattern recognition method and the like can be sequentially updated.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the contact surface abnormality detection system to which the present invention is applied will be described. Figure 21
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an abnormality detection system of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 21, in the present embodiment, the monitoring device 71d on the compressor side includes a measuring device 73, a storage device 75, a pattern comparison calculation device 79, and a communication device 1.
29 and a control device 125. The communication device 129 is connected to the pattern comparison calculation device 79. On the other hand, the remote terminal 127d is connected to the communication device 131
And a warning device 83 '. In this embodiment, the pattern comparison calculation process and the control of the electric motor based on the result are all performed by the monitoring device 71d on the compressor side.
The terminal on the side of the remote manager 81 'has only the function of issuing a warning to the manager 81' by the warning device 83 'when the pattern comparison calculation device 75 detects an abnormality.

Finally, a fifth embodiment of the contact surface abnormality detection system to which the present invention is applied will be described. FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the abnormality detection system of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 22, the present embodiment is similar to the above-described fourth embodiment, except that the monitoring device 71e does not have a control device and the terminal 127e does not have a warning device. That is, in the present embodiment, when it is determined that the contact state is abnormal, the fact is transmitted to the manager 81 ′ via the terminal 71e.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the processing is performed based on the absolute value of the reflected wave intensity. However, the attenuation rate of ultrasonic waves, that is, the reflected wave intensity is divided by the input wave intensity to obtain 1
The processing may be performed based on the value obtained by calculating the difference between and. According to this, there is an effect that good detection can be performed regardless of variations in the intensity of the input wave.

Although each of the above-mentioned embodiments relates to a scroll compressor and a rotary compressor, the present invention may be applied to the sliding portion of a reciprocating compressor or a screw compressor. Further, the present invention can be applied not only to compressors for refrigeration and air conditioning but also to sliding parts in other machines. In particular, it is effective for a sliding portion in which the direction and magnitude of the contact load change. Examples of such sliding portions include a bearing portion of a crankshaft of an automobile engine, a bearing portion of a transmission shaft of a transmission, a reciprocating sliding mechanism of a transfer device, and a die sliding surface in press working. . In this case, it is advisable to change the installation of the ultrasonic probe and the settings of the contact pattern database and the pattern comparison calculation device so as to be adapted to each device.

By the way, for example, during the life of the scroll compressor, the contact state of the sliding surface of the Oldham coupling is as shown in FIG.
As shown in Fig. 3, a history is shown that from the time of new product, the one-side contact state is gradually improved until it becomes the parallel-contact state, and finally the one-side contact state suddenly reaches the end of life. . Therefore, for each ultrasonic probe, a recording means for recording the input signal to the pattern comparison calculation device, the calculation contents, and the output signal from the pattern comparison calculation device over a long period of time corresponding to, for example, the life of the contact surface portion to be detected is provided. It may be provided. According to this, it is possible to continuously record and judge the change of the contact state on the contact surface, the change of the contact area, etc., and predict the abnormality that may occur in the future or the life expectancy of the contact surface part from the change. It becomes possible to do. For example, in a refrigeration air-conditioning compressor, the life of the device can be extended by controlling the operation of the compressor based on the prediction, and the administrator can start maintenance and maintenance early to avoid sudden failure. There is an effect that can be done.

[0064]

According to the present invention, the contact state of the sliding surface can be properly monitored.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a refrigeration / air-conditioning scroll compressor including a contact state detection device to which the present invention is applied.

2 is a sectional view of the compressor of FIG. 1 taken along the line II-II.

3 is a sectional view of the compressor of FIG. 2 taken along the line III-III.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a monitoring device for the compressor shown in FIG.

5 is a diagram showing the operation of the Oldham key when the compressor of FIG. 1 is operating. FIG.

6 is a graph showing a relationship between a transmission signal and a reflected wave of the ultrasonic probe of the compressor shown in FIG.

7 is a graph showing an example of the correlation between the rotational phase of the rotary shaft of the compressor of FIG. 1 and the reflected wave intensity.

8 is a diagram showing a state in which a clockwise moment force is applied to the keys of the scroll compressor of FIG. 1 when viewed from above.

9 is a graph showing the correlation between the rotational phase of the rotating shaft and the reflected wave intensity when the key is slid in the state of FIG.

10 is a graph showing the correlation between the rotational phase of the rotating shaft and the reflected wave intensity when the key of the scroll compressor of FIG. 1 is slid by applying a counterclockwise moment force when viewed from above. Is.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing the correlation between the rotation phase of the rotation axis and the reflected wave intensity when the center of the key is concave.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing the correlation between the rotation phase of the rotation axis and the reflected wave intensity when the center of the key is convex.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the correlation between the rotation phase of the rotation axis and the reflected wave intensity when the surface of the key is an arcuate convex surface.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts of an Oldham key and a key groove of a second embodiment of the scroll compressor to which the contact surface abnormality detecting device of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a rotary compressor to which the contact surface abnormality detecting device of the present invention is applied.

16 is a cross-sectional view taken along the arrow XVI-XVI of the rotary compressor in FIG.

FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a monitoring device of a third embodiment of the scroll compressor to which the contact surface abnormality detecting device of the present invention is applied.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a first embodiment of a contact surface abnormality detection system to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a second embodiment of a contact surface abnormality detection system to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a contact surface abnormality detection system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a contact surface abnormality detection system according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a fifth embodiment of a contact surface abnormality detection system to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of a history of contact states between an Oldham key and a key groove of the scroll compressor.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 scroll compressor 3 containers 15 Fixed scroll 19 orbiting scroll 21 Oldham Ring 35 keyway 55 Ultrasonic probe 57 Ultrasonic probe 59 Ultrasonic probe

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Yoichi Inoue             502 Kintatemachi, Tsuchiura City, Ibaraki Japan             Tate Seisakusho Mechanical Research Center (72) Inventor Takao Mizuno             Hitachi, Ltd. 390 Muramatsu, Shimizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture             Air conditioning system Shimizu Production Headquarters (72) Inventor Rinen Matsunaga             Hitachi, Ltd. 390 Muramatsu, Shimizu City, Shizuoka Prefecture             Air conditioning system Shimizu Production Headquarters F term (reference) 2G024 AC01 AC02 BA12 BA21 CA13                       DA09 FA02 FA03 FA13 FA14                 2G064 AA12 AB16 AB22 CC46 DD23

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A mechanical component that relatively moves while contacting,
An ultrasonic probe provided on one of the mechanical parts facing the contact surface between the mechanical parts, a transmitting / receiving means for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves to and from the contact surface via the ultrasonic probe, and the transmitting / receiving part A contact surface abnormality detecting device having a detecting means for detecting an abnormality in the contact state of the contact surface based on the signal intensity of the reflected wave. 2. A plurality of mechanical parts that relatively move while making contact, an ultrasonic probe provided on one of the mechanical parts facing the contact surface between the mechanical parts, and the ultrasonic probe through the ultrasonic probe. A transmitting and receiving means for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves a plurality of times at a contact surface at time intervals, and a recording means for recording a plurality of reflected wave signals corresponding to the plurality of ultrasonic wave transmission and reception,
A reference pattern database in which reference patterns are accumulated, pattern comparison means for comparing transition patterns of signal intensities of a plurality of reflected waves recorded in the recording means with the reference pattern, and the contact surface based on the comparison result. Detecting device for detecting an abnormality in the contact state of the contact surface. 3. A mechanical component that makes relative movement while contacting,
An ultrasonic probe provided on one of the mechanical parts facing the contact surface of the mechanical part, and a transmitting and receiving means for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves a plurality of times at the contact surface via the ultrasonic probe at time intervals Recording means for recording a plurality of reflected wave signals corresponding to the plurality of ultrasonic wave transmissions and receptions, a communication device connectable to a communication line such as a net, and a plurality of reflected wave signals recorded in the recording means A contact surface abnormality detection device having a pattern comparison means for comparing a strength transition pattern with a reference pattern input via the communication line. 4. The contact surface abnormality detecting device according to claim 2, further comprising a control unit that variably sets an operating condition of the machine according to a comparison result of the pattern comparing unit. 5. A mechanical component that relatively moves while contacting,
An ultrasonic probe provided on one of the mechanical parts so as to face the contact surface between the mechanical parts, and a transmitting / receiving means for transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves a plurality of times at a time interval to the contact surface via the ultrasonic probe. And a communication means for transmitting a plurality of transition patterns of reflected wave signals corresponding to the plurality of ultrasonic wave transmissions and receptions to a communication line such as a net. 6. The contact surface abnormality detection device according to claim 5, further comprising a control unit that variably sets an operating condition of the machine according to an operation control command input from the communication unit. 7. A computer having a connection device to a communication line such as a net, and a reference pattern database in which reference patterns are accumulated, wherein the computers are in contact with each other input through the communication line. The transition pattern of the reflected wave intensity when ultrasonic waves are transmitted a plurality of times at intervals on the contact surface between the displaced mechanical parts and the reference pattern are compared, and the contact state of the contact surface based on the comparison result. Contact surface abnormality detection system that has the function of detecting abnormality in the contact surface. 8. An operation control command database, which stores operation control commands associated with the reference pattern, is provided, and the communication is performed to a source according to the transition pattern of the reflected wave intensity according to the detection result. 8. The contact surface abnormality detection system according to claim 7, wherein the selected operation control command is transmitted via a line.