JP2003337563A - Display system and display control method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display system in which a still picture and moving picture are displayed in a mixed manner. <P>SOLUTION: The system is provided with: an interface circuit 706 which receives various data from a network 704 and outputs them to a latter stage circuit system; a data separating circuit 708 which separates the data being outputted from the circuit 706 into files (a still picture file and moving picture file) related to an image and control data; an output control circuit 710 which controls a display controller 228 in a display element 14 unit, for example (control corresponding to the still picture and control corresponding to the moving picture) on the basis of the control data from the circuit 708; and a compression file decoder circuit 712 which is arranged in a preceding stage of an image data processing circuit 224, decompresses a file related to a compressed image into still picture data and moving picture data. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display system having a display and a display management method. For example, the displacement operation of an actuator section in a contact / separation direction with respect to an optical waveguide plate is controlled according to an attribute of an input image signal. The present invention also relates to a display system and a display management method suitable for being applied to a display that displays an image corresponding to an image signal on the optical waveguide plate by controlling leak light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a display device, a display device such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), a liquid crystal display device, and a plasma display is known.

As a cathode ray tube, an ordinary television receiver, a monitor device for a computer and the like are known. Although the screen is bright, the power consumption is large and the display device is proportional to the size of the screen. There is a problem that the whole depth becomes large. Further, there are problems that the resolution is lowered in the peripheral portion of the displayed image, the image or figure is distorted, there is no memory effect, and large-sized display cannot be performed.

The reason for this is that the electron beam emitted from the electron gun is largely deflected, so that the emission point (beam spot) spreads at the position where the electron beam obliquely reaches the fluorescent screen of the cathode ray tube, and the image is displayed obliquely. Will be done. This causes distortion in the displayed image.
Also, there is a limit to keeping a large space inside the cathode ray tube in a vacuum.

On the other hand, the liquid crystal display device has the advantages that the entire device can be downsized and the power consumption is low, but it has the problems of poor screen brightness and a narrow screen viewing angle.
Further, since the gradation is expressed by the voltage level, there is a problem that the configuration of the driving circuit becomes very complicated.

For example, when a digital data line is used,
The drive circuit includes a latch circuit for holding component RGB data (each 8 bits) for a predetermined period, a voltage selector, a multiplexer for switching to a voltage level of a type according to the number of gradations, and output data from the multiplexer as digital data. It is configured with an output circuit for adding to the line. In this case, when the number of gray scales increases, a very large number of level switching operations are required in the multiplexer, and the circuit configuration becomes complicated accordingly.

When an analog data line is used, its drive circuit holds a shift register for aligning sequentially inputted component RGB data (each 8 bits) and parallel data from the shift register for a predetermined period. Latch circuit, a level shifter for adjusting a voltage level, a D / A converter for converting output data from the level shifter into an analog signal, and an output signal from the D / A converter for adding to an analog data line. It is configured to have an output circuit. In this case, in the D / A converter, an operational amplifier is used to obtain a predetermined voltage according to the gradation. However, when the gradation range becomes wider, an operational amplifier that outputs a highly accurate voltage is used. It has to be used, which has the drawback that the structure is complicated and the cost is high.

Similar to the liquid crystal display device, the plasma display has a merit that it can be miniaturized because the display portion itself does not occupy a volume, and has a flat display surface, which is easy to see. In the display, there is also an advantage that a refresh memory is unnecessary due to the storage function of the cells.

By the way, in the plasma display, in order to give the cell a memory effect, it is necessary to alternately switch the polarity of the applied voltage to sustain the discharge. Therefore, it is necessary to provide the drive circuit with a first pulse generator for generating a sustain pulse in the X direction and a second pulse generator for generating a sustain pulse in the Y direction. However, there is a problem that it becomes complicated.

On the other hand, the present applicant has proposed a new display device in order to solve the problems in the CRT, the liquid crystal display device and the plasma display (for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-2.
87176). This display device, as shown in FIG. 74, has actuator units 100 arranged for each pixel.
0, and each actuator unit 1000 has a piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 1002 and an upper electrode 1004 and a lower electrode 100 formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer 1002, respectively.
6 and an actuator body 1008, and a base 1014 composed of a vibrating portion 1010 and a fixed portion 1012 disposed below the actuator body 1008. The lower electrode 1006 of the actuator body 1008 is in contact with the vibrating portion 1010, and the vibrating portion 1010 supports the actuator body 1008.

The base 1014 is made of ceramics by integrating the vibrating part 1010 and the fixed part 1012, and the base 1014 is provided with a recess 1016 so that the vibrating part 1010 is thin. .

Further, a displacement transmission portion 1020 for making the contact area with the optical waveguide plate 1018 a predetermined size is connected to the upper electrode 1004 of the actuator portion main body 1008. In the example of FIG. Displacement transmission unit 1020
Are arranged close to the optical waveguide plate 1018 in the normal state where the actuator unit 1000 is stationary, and are arranged so as to contact the optical waveguide plate 1018 at a distance equal to or less than the wavelength of light in the excited state.

Then, the light 1022 is introduced from, for example, an end portion of the optical waveguide plate 1018. In this case, the optical waveguide plate 10
By adjusting the magnitude of the refractive index of 18, all the light 1022 is totally reflected internally without being transmitted through the front surface and the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 1018. In this state, a voltage signal according to the attribute of the image signal is selectively applied to the actuator unit 1000 through the upper electrode 1004 and the lower electrode 1006, and the actuator unit 1000 is quiescent in a normal state and displaced in an excited state. By doing so, the contact / separation of the displacement transmitting unit 1020 with respect to the optical waveguide plate 1018 is controlled, and thus the optical waveguide plate 1018 is controlled.
The scattered light (leakage light) 1024 at a predetermined portion of 18 is controlled, and an image corresponding to the image signal is displayed on the optical waveguide plate 1018.

According to this display device, (1) power consumption can be reduced, (2) screen brightness can be increased, and (3) in the case of a color screen, the number of pixels is smaller than that of a monochrome screen. There is an advantage that it is not necessary to increase the number by increasing.

In the peripheral circuit of the display device as described above, for example, as shown in FIG. 75, for a display unit 1030 in which a large number of pixels are arranged and a large number of pixels (pixel group) forming one row, Common vertical selection lines 1032 are derived from the required number of rows and the vertical shift circuits 1034 and 1
A signal line 1036 that is common to a large number of pixels (pixel group) that form one column is provided with horizontal shift circuits 1038 that are derived by the required number of columns.

[0016]

By the way, in the above display device, a large screen display may be constructed by arranging a large number of display devices. In that case, either a still image or a moving image was displayed on the large screen.

Further, in the conventional maintenance for a large-screen display, even a simple operation, a maintenance worker rushes to the site to perform repair. Therefore, the cost of maintenance becomes enormous, which is not good for the spread of large-screen displays.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a display system and a display management method capable of performing a mixed display of a still image and a moving image.

Another object of the present invention is that maintenance of a single large-screen display or a plurality of large-screen displays can be easily performed, for example, through a network, etc., and it can contribute to the spread of large-screen displays. It is to provide a display system and a display management method.

[0020]

The present invention is characterized by having a display and a display area separating section for separating a display area of the display into a moving image display area and a still image display area.

Thus, it is possible to perform a display in which still images and moving images are mixed, and it is possible to diversify the display form.

When the display is constructed by arranging a large number of display elements, the display area separating section sets the display area of the display as a moving image display area based on the address data indicating the display elements. You may make it isolate | separate into a still image display area. in this case,
The moving image display area and the still image display area can be arbitrarily and easily changed. For example, when the display is used for advertisement, a display form that meets the advertiser's wish can be easily realized. .

In this case, if the display area separating section is collectively controlled by a central station connected to the network,
It is possible to arbitrarily change the moving image display area and the still image display area collectively for a plurality of displays installed in various areas, which greatly simplifies management of the displays.

Further, the present invention has a display, a monitoring unit for monitoring the power supply current of the display, and a collective failure diagnosis unit for transmitting the status information obtained by the monitoring unit to a central station via a network. Is characterized by.

Thus, the failure states of a plurality of displays installed in various areas can be collectively monitored, and the failure can be dealt with quickly.

Further, the present invention is characterized by having a display and a drive voltage adjusting section for adjusting a drive voltage supplied to the display to compensate for a decrease in brightness.

In this case, the maintenance person does not need to correct the brightness one by one, and the management of the display is simple and reliable.

In particular, by collectively controlling the drive voltage adjusting section by a central station connected to the network, it is possible to collectively perform luminance correction on a plurality of displays installed in various regions, and The work related to correction can be significantly reduced.

The drive voltage adjusting section may be scheduled by a timer. In this case, since it is possible to perform brightness correction by designating, for example, at midnight, it is not necessary to perform brightness correction on the display while a person is looking, and it is possible to avoid the inconvenience that the display state of a certain advertisement becomes defective. can do.

Further, the display includes an optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced, and an actuator section provided so as to face one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate and corresponding to a large number of pixels. Leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate is provided by controlling the displacement operation of the actuator unit with respect to the optical waveguide plate in the contact / separation direction according to the attribute of the input image signal. By controlling
In the case of a display that displays an image corresponding to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate, the drive voltage adjusting unit may adjust the drive voltage based on a displacement state of an arbitrary actuator unit. .

The drive voltage adjusting section may adjust the drive voltage based on the light emission brightness of the display in a predetermined state.

Further, according to the present invention, an optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced, and an actuator section provided so as to face one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate and corresponding to a large number of pixels are provided. Leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate is provided by controlling the displacement operation of the actuator unit with respect to the optical waveguide plate in the contact / separation direction according to the attribute of the input image signal. By controlling the display for displaying an image corresponding to the image signal on the optical waveguide, a backup light source, a current monitoring unit for monitoring the current of the light source, and based on information from the current monitoring unit. And a preliminary light source control unit for selectively turning on or off the preliminary current.

Thus, in an unexpected situation such as when the light source is broken or when the brightness is drastically reduced, the auxiliary light source is selectively turned on to prevent the light source from being broken or the brightness being lowered. Therefore, the display on the display can be maintained during the period from the time when the failure occurs until the maintenance starts.

A part or all of the auxiliary light source may be an auxiliary light source for color fading countermeasures. In addition, a cooling fan and a cooling control unit that selectively drives the cooling fan based on selective lighting of the auxiliary light source may be provided. As a result, it is possible to suppress a rapid temperature change, enable long-term use, and suppress uneven brightness due to temperature change.

Further, the present invention is characterized by including a display, a memory in which brightness correction data for correcting the brightness variation of the display is stored, and a data rewriting section for rewriting the brightness correction data.

As a result, even if the brightness characteristics change due to changes over time or temperature, the brightness correction data can be rewritten in response to the changes, so that the display brightness is maintained at a level substantially similar to the initial stage. Can be made.

The data rewriting unit may be collectively managed by a central station connected to the network, or may be scheduled by a timer.

Further, the display includes an optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced, and an actuator section provided so as to face one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate and corresponding to a large number of pixels. Leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate is provided by controlling the displacement operation of the actuator unit with respect to the optical waveguide plate in the contact / separation direction according to the attribute of the input image signal. By controlling
In the case of a display that displays an image according to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate, the brightness correction data may be rewritten through the data rewriting unit based on a displacement state of an arbitrary actuator unit.

In this case, the data rewriting unit may rewrite the brightness correction data based on the light emission brightness of the display in a predetermined state. Furthermore,
The data rewriting unit may rewrite the brightness correction data in consideration of the color balance adjustment.

Further, according to the present invention, there are provided an optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced, and an actuator section provided so as to face one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate and corresponding to a large number of pixels. Leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate is provided by controlling the displacement operation of the actuator unit with respect to the optical waveguide plate in the contact / separation direction according to the attribute of the input image signal. By having a display for displaying an image corresponding to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate, and when the actuator unit is applied with a positive or negative voltage with respect to a reference potential. In the case where the displacement operation is performed in one direction, a switching means for switching to a positive voltage or a negative voltage at an arbitrary timing is provided.

As a result, even if the response speed of the actuator portion is reduced or the actuator cannot be separated, the voltage is switched to the positive voltage or the negative voltage through the switching means.
The displacement capability of the actuator part is restored, and the response speed can be returned to the initial stage.

In this case, the switching means may be collectively managed by a central station connected to the network, or may be scheduled by a timer.

[0043]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of a display system and a display management method according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 73. Before that, the display according to the present embodiment will be described. A display configuration to which the system and display management method are applied will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13.

As shown in FIG. 1, the display 10 is constructed by arranging a plurality of display elements 14 on the back surface of a light guide plate 12 having a display area as the display 10.

As shown in FIG. 2, each display element 14 is provided with an optical waveguide plate 20 into which the light 18 from the light source 16 is introduced and a back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20, and is provided with a large number of actuators. The unit 22 is configured to have a drive unit 24 arranged in a matrix or in a staggered pattern corresponding to the pixels.

As shown in FIG. 3, for example, the pixel array configuration is such that two actuator units 22 arranged in the vertical direction
One dot 26 is formed, and three pixels 26 (red dot 26R, green dot 26G, and blue dot 26B) arranged in the horizontal direction form one pixel 28. Further, in the display element 14, 16 pixels (48 dots) are arranged in the horizontal direction and 16 pixels (1 pixel) are arranged in the vertical direction.
6 dots).

As shown in FIG. 1, the display 10 has 640 pixels (1920 dots) arranged in the horizontal direction and 480 pixels (480 dots) arranged in the vertical direction in order to comply with the VGA standard, for example. The light guide plate 12
40 display elements 14 are arranged in the horizontal direction and 30 display elements 14 are arranged in the vertical direction on the back surface of.

The light guide plate 12 is made of a glass plate, an acrylic plate, or the like, which has a large light transmittance in the visible light region and has a uniform light transmittance. Wire bonding, soldering, and end face connectors are provided between the display elements 14. Signals can be supplied to each other by connecting with back connectors.

It is preferable that the light guide plate 12 and the optical waveguide plate 20 of each display element 14 have similar refractive indexes, and when the light guide plate 12 and the optical waveguide plate 20 are bonded together, a transparent adhesive is used. You may use. Like the light guide plate 12 and the optical waveguide plate 20, this adhesive is preferably uniform and has a high transmittance in the visible light region, and also has a refractive index.
In order to secure the brightness of the screen, it is desirable to set it close to the optical waveguide plate 20.

By the way, in each display element 14, as shown in FIG. 2, the pixel assembly 30 is laminated on each actuator portion 22. Pixel structure 30
Has a function of increasing the contact area with the optical waveguide plate 20 to obtain an area corresponding to a pixel.

The drive section 24 has an actuator substrate 32 made of, for example, ceramics, and the actuator section 22 is arranged at a position corresponding to each pixel 28 on the actuator substrate 32. The actuator substrate 3
No. 2 is arranged so that one main surface faces the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20, and the one main surface is a continuous surface (flush). Inside the actuator substrate 32, each pixel 28
There are provided cavities 34 for forming vibrating portions, which will be described later, at positions corresponding to. Each space 34 is communicated with the outside through a small-diameter through hole 36 provided in the other end surface of the actuator substrate 32.

Of the actuator substrate 32, the portion where the void 34 is formed is thin, and the other portions are thick. The thin portion functions as the vibrating portion 38 due to the structure that is susceptible to vibration due to external stress, and the portion other than the cavity 34 is thick and the vibrating portion 38 is
It functions as a fixing portion 40 for supporting the.

That is, the actuator substrate 32 includes the substrate layer 32A which is the lowermost layer and the spacer layer 32B which is the intermediate layer.
And a thin plate layer 32C which is the uppermost layer, and can be understood as an integrated structure in which a space 34 is formed in a portion of the spacer layer 32B corresponding to the actuator portion 22. The substrate layer 32A functions not only as a reinforcing substrate but also as a wiring substrate. The actuator substrate 32 may be integrally fired or attached later.

Specific examples of the actuator section 22 and the pixel assembly 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 13 show the case where the gap forming layer 44 is provided between the crosspiece 42 and the optical waveguide plate 20 described later.

First, in the actuator section 22, as shown in FIG. 4, in addition to the vibrating section 38 and the fixed section 40, a piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer, an antiferroelectric layer or the like directly formed on the vibrating section 38. And the pair of electrodes 48 (row electrode 48a and column electrode 48b) formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the shape maintaining layer 46.

As shown in FIG. 4, the pair of electrodes 48 may have a structure formed above and below the shape-retaining layer 46 or a structure formed on only one side. Alternatively, the pair of electrodes 48 may be provided only above the shape-retaining layer 46. 48 may be formed.

When the pair of electrodes 48 is formed only on the upper portion of the shape-retaining layer 46, the pair of electrodes 48 may have a planar shape as shown in FIG. 5 in which a large number of comb teeth are complementarily opposed to each other. Well, others, JP-A-10-78549
As shown in the publication, a spiral shape or a multi-branch shape can be adopted.

When the shape-retaining layer 46 has an elliptical planar shape and the pair of electrodes 48 is comb-shaped,
As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the comb teeth of the pair of electrodes 48 are arranged along the major axis of the shape-retaining layer 46,
As shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, there is a mode in which the comb teeth of the pair of electrodes 48 are arranged along the minor axis of the shape retaining layer 46.

Then, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 7A,
A configuration in which the comb-teeth portions of the pair of electrodes 48 are included in the planar shape of the shape-retaining layer 46, or, as shown in FIGS. 6B and 7B, the comb-teeth portions of the pair of electrodes 48 are flat surfaces of the shape-retaining layer 48. There is a form that sticks out of the shape. The configuration shown in FIGS. 6B and 7B is more advantageous in bending displacement of the actuator portion 22.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 4, as a pair of electrodes 48, for example, the row electrodes 4 are formed on the upper surface of the shape retaining layer 46.
8a is formed, and the column electrode 48 is formed on the lower surface of the shape retention layer 46.
When b is formed, as shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to bend and displace the actuator portion 22 in one direction so as to be convex toward the space 34 side. In addition, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to bend and displace the actuator portion 22 in the other direction so that the actuator portion 22 is convex toward the optical waveguide plate 20 side. In the example shown in FIG. 8, the gap forming layer 44 (see FIG.
Reference) is not formed.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, for example, the pixel assembly 30 is composed of a laminated body of a white scatterer 50 as a displacement transmitting portion formed on the actuator portion 22, a color filter 52, and a transparent layer 54. be able to.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 9, a white scatterer 50 is used.
You may make it interpose the light reflection layer 56 in a lower layer.
In this case, it is desirable to form the insulating layer 58 between the light reflection layer 56 and the actuator section 22.

As another example of the pixel structure 30, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, it is composed of a laminated body of a colored scatterer 60 and a transparent layer 54 formed on the actuator section 22 and also serving as a displacement transmitting section. You can also Also in this case, as shown in FIG. 11, the light reflecting layer 56 and the insulating layer 58 may be interposed between the actuator unit 22 and the colored scatterer 60.

Further, in the display element 14, as shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 8, a crosspiece formed between the optical waveguide plate 20 and the actuator substrate 32 in a portion other than the pixel assembly 30. In the example of FIG. 8, the optical waveguide plate 20 is directly fixed to the upper surface of the crosspiece 42. The material of the crosspiece 42 is preferably one that is not deformed by heat and pressure.

The crosspieces 42 can be formed on the four sides of the pixel structure 30, for example. Here, as shown in FIG. 12, the four sides of the pixel structure 30 include, for example, positions corresponding to the respective corners if the pixel structure 30 is substantially rectangular or elliptical in a plane. Shows a mode in which a pixel is shared with an adjacent pixel structure 30.

As another example of the crosspiece 42, as shown in FIG. 13, the crosspiece 42 may have a window portion 42a surrounding at least one pixel structure 30. As a typical configuration example, for example, the crosspiece 42 itself is formed in a plate shape, and a window portion (opening) 42a having a shape similar to the outer shape of the pixel constructing body 30 is formed at a position corresponding to the pixel constructing body 30. To do. As a result, the side surface of the pixel structure 30 is entirely covered with the crosspiece 42.
Actuator board 3
2 and the optical waveguide plate 20 are more firmly fixed to each other.

Here, selection of each component of the display element 14, particularly the material of each component will be described.

First, the light 18 incident on the optical waveguide plate 20 may be in the ultraviolet range, the visible range, or the infrared range. The light source 16 includes an incandescent lamp, a deuterium discharge lamp, a fluorescent lamp, a mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a halogen lamp, a xenon lamp, a tritium lamp, a light emitting diode, a laser, a plasma light source, a hot cathode tube (or a filament hot cathode thereof). Carbon nanotubes instead
Field emitters are arranged), cold cathode tubes, etc. are used.

The vibrating portion 38 is preferably made of a highly heat resistant material. The reason is that when the actuator portion 22 is structured to directly support the vibrating portion 38 by the fixing portion 40 without using a material having poor heat resistance such as an organic adhesive, the vibrating portion is formed at least when the shape retaining layer 46 is formed. The vibrating portion 38 is preferably made of a high heat resistant material so that the 38 does not deteriorate.

Further, the vibrating portion 38 includes the row electrode 4 in the pair of electrodes 48 formed on the actuator substrate 22.
In order to electrically separate the wiring leading to 8a and the wiring (for example, data line) leading to the column electrode 48b, an electrically insulating material is preferable.

Therefore, the vibrating section 38 may be made of a metal having a high heat resistance or a material such as enamel whose surface is coated with a ceramic material such as glass, but ceramics is most suitable.

As the ceramic constituting the vibrating portion 38, for example, stabilized zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, spinel, mullite, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, glass, a mixture thereof, or the like can be used. it can. Stabilized zirconium oxide has high mechanical strength, high toughness, and low chemical reactivity with the shape-retaining layer 46 and the pair of electrodes 48 even if the vibrating portion 38 has a small thickness. Particularly preferred. Stabilized zirconium oxide includes stabilized zirconium oxide and partially stabilized zirconium oxide. Stabilized zirconium oxide does not cause a phase transition because it has a crystal structure such as a cubic crystal.

On the other hand, zirconium oxide undergoes a phase transition between a monoclinic system and a tetragonal system at around 1000 ° C., and cracks may occur during this phase transition. The stabilized zirconium oxide contains 1 to 30 mol% of a stabilizer such as calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, scandium oxide, ytterbium oxide, cerium oxide or an oxide of a rare earth metal. In order to increase the mechanical strength of the vibrating portion 22, the stabilizer preferably contains yttrium oxide. At this time, yttrium oxide is preferably contained in an amount of 1.5 to 6 mol%, more preferably 2 to
4 mol% is contained, and it is preferable that 0.1 to 5 mol% of aluminum oxide is further contained.

The crystal phase may be a cubic + monoclinic mixed phase, a tetragonal + monoclinic mixed phase, a cubic + tetragonal + monoclinic mixed phase, and the like. It is most preferable from the viewpoint of strength, toughness and durability that the main crystal phase is tetragonal or a mixed phase of tetragonal and cubic.

When the vibrating section 38 is made of ceramics,
Although a large number of crystal grains constitute the vibrating portion 38, the average grain diameter of the crystal grains is 0.0 because the mechanical strength of the vibrating portion 38 is increased.
The thickness is preferably 5 to 2 μm, more preferably 0.1 to 1 μm.

The fixed portion 40 is preferably made of ceramics, but may be made of the same ceramic as the material of the vibrating portion 38 or may be different. As the ceramics forming the fixed portion 40, similar to the material of the vibrating portion 38,
For example, stabilized zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, spinel, mullite, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, glass, a mixture thereof, or the like can be used.

In particular, the actuator substrate 32 used in the display element 14 is preferably made of a material containing zirconium oxide as a main component, a material containing aluminum oxide as a main component, or a material containing a mixture thereof as a main component. To be done. Among them, those containing zirconium oxide as a main component are more preferable.

Although clay or the like may be added as a sintering aid, it is necessary to adjust the aid component so that it does not contain excessively vitrifying substances such as silicon oxide and boron oxide. Because these materials that are easily vitrified are
Although advantageous in bonding the actuator substrate 32 and the shape-retaining layer 46, the reaction between the actuator substrate 32 and the shape-retaining layer 46 is promoted and the predetermined shape-retaining layer 4 is formed.
This is because it becomes difficult to maintain the composition of 6 and as a result, it becomes a cause of deteriorating the device characteristics.

That is, it is preferable to limit the silicon oxide and the like in the actuator substrate 32 so that the weight ratio is 3% or less, and more preferably 1% or less. Here, the main component means a component that is present in a proportion of 50% or more by weight.

As described above, the shape-holding layer 46 can be a piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer, an antiferroelectric layer, or the like. When a piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer is used as the shape-holding layer 46, the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer is used. As the electrostrictive layer, for example, lead zirconate, lead magnesium niobate, lead nickel niobate, lead zinc niobate,
Lead manganese niobate, lead magnesium tantalate, lead nickel tantalate, lead antimony stannate, lead titanate,
Examples include ceramics containing barium titanate, lead magnesium tungstate, lead cobalt niobate, etc., or any combination thereof.

It goes without saying that the main component may contain 50% by weight or more of these compounds. Further, among the above-mentioned ceramics, the ceramic containing lead zirconate is most frequently used as the constituent material of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer forming the shape retaining layer 46.

When the piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer is made of ceramics, lanthanum, calcium, strontium, molybdenum, tungsten, barium, niobium, zinc, nickel, manganese, etc. oxides, or these Ceramics to which any combination of the above or other compounds is appropriately added may be used.

For example, it is preferable to use a ceramic containing as a main component a component of lead magnesium niobate, lead zirconate and lead titanate, and further containing lanthanum or strontium.

The piezoelectric / electrostrictive layer may be dense or porous, and when it is porous, its porosity is preferably 40% or less.

When an antiferroelectric layer is used as the shape-retaining layer 46, the antiferroelectric layer contains lead zirconate as a main component and a lead zirconate and lead stannate component as a main component. Further, it is preferable that lead zirconate and lanthanum oxide are added, and that lead zirconate and lead niobate are added to the components of lead zirconate and lead stannate.

In particular, when an antiferroelectric film containing the components of lead zirconate and lead stannate having the following composition is applied as a film type element such as the actuator section 22, it is driven at a relatively low voltage. Therefore, it is particularly preferable.

Pb _0.99 Nb _0.02 [(Zr _x Sn _1-x ) _1-y
Ti _y ] _0.98 O ₃ However, 0.5 <x <0.6, 0.05 <y <0.063, 0.01 <Nb
<0.03 Further, the antiferroelectric film may be porous, and in the case of being porous, the porosity is preferably 30% or less.

Then, the shape retaining layer 46 is formed on the vibrating portion 38.
Examples of the method for forming the film include various thick film forming methods such as a screen printing method, a dipping method, a coating method, and an electrophoretic method, an ion beam method, a sputtering method, a vacuum evaporation method, an ion plating method, a chemical vapor deposition method. Various thin film forming methods such as (CVD) and plating can be used.

In this embodiment, a thick film forming method such as a screen printing method, a dipping method, a coating method, or an electrophoretic method is preferably used for forming the shape retaining layer 46 on the vibrating portion 38. It

These methods use an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 5 μm.
m, preferably 0.05 to 3 μm, which is a piezoelectric ceramic particle as a main component and can be formed by using a paste, a slurry, a suspension, an emulsion, a sol or the like, and a good piezoelectric operation characteristic is obtained. .

In particular, the electrophoretic method is capable of forming a film with a high density and a high shape accuracy, as well as "Electrochemical and Industrial Physical Chemistry Vol. 53, N".
o. 1 (1985), p63-68 by Kazuo Ansai "or" The 1st Conference on Higher-order Forming of Ceramics by Electrophoresis, Proceedings (1998), p5-6, p2
3 to 24 "and the like. Therefore, it is advisable to appropriately select and use the method in consideration of the required accuracy and reliability.

Further, the thickness of the vibrating portion 38 and the thickness of the shape retaining layer 46 are preferably of the same dimension. This is because when the thickness of the vibrating portion 38 becomes extremely thicker than the thickness of the shape retaining layer 46 (when it differs by one digit or more), the shape retaining layer 4 is
Since the vibrating portion 38 acts so as to prevent the shrinkage due to the firing shrinkage of No. 6, the stress at the interface between the shape retaining layer 46 and the actuator substrate 22 becomes large and the peeling easily occurs. On the other hand, if the dimensions of the thickness are similar, the actuator substrate 32 (vibrating portion 38) easily follows the firing shrinkage of the shape retaining layer 46, which is suitable for integration. In particular,
The thickness of the vibrating portion 38 is preferably 1 to 100 μm, more preferably 3 to 50 μm, and even more preferably 5 to 20 μm. On the other hand, the shape retaining layer 46 has a thickness of preferably 5 to 100 μm, more preferably 5 to 50 μm, still more preferably 5 to 30 μm.

The row electrode 48a and the column electrode 48b formed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the shape maintaining layer 46, or the pair of electrodes 48 formed on the shape maintaining layer 46 have an appropriate thickness depending on the application. , 0.01 to 50 μm, and more preferably 0.1 to 5 μm. In addition, the row electrode 48a and the column electrode 48b
Is preferably solid at room temperature and composed of a conductive metal. For example, a simple metal or alloy containing aluminum, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, tin, tantalum, tungsten, iridium, platinum, gold, lead, etc. Can be mentioned. It goes without saying that these elements may be contained in any combination.

The optical waveguide plate 20 has such a light refractive index that the light 18 introduced therein is totally reflected on the front surface and the rear surface without being transmitted to the outside of the optical waveguide plate 20,
It is necessary that the transmittance of the introduced light 18 in the wavelength region is uniform and high. The material is not particularly limited as long as it has such characteristics,
Specifically, for example, glass, quartz, translucent plastic such as acrylic, translucent ceramics, or the like, or a multi-layered structure of materials having different refractive indexes, or one having a coating layer on the surface is generally used. It can be mentioned as a thing.

The colored layers such as the color filter 52 and the colored scatterer 60 included in the pixel assembly 30 are layers used for extracting only light in a specific wavelength region, and for example, light having a specific wavelength is used. There are those that develop color by absorbing, transmitting, reflecting, and scattering, and those that convert incident light into another wavelength. A transparent body, a translucent body and an opaque body can be used alone or in combination.

As for the constitution, for example, dyes, pigments, dyes such as ions, and phosphors are dispersed and dissolved in rubber, organic resin, translucent ceramics, glass, liquid, etc., or their surfaces are coated. Further, there are those obtained by sintering powders of the above-mentioned dyes and phosphors, pressing them, and hardening them. Regarding the material and structure, these may be used alone or in combination.

The difference between the color filter 52 and the colored scatterer 60 is that when the pixel structure 30 is brought into contact with the optical waveguide plate 20 into which the light 18 is introduced to bring it into a light emitting state, reflection and scattering are caused only by the colored layer. If the brightness value of the leaked light is 0.5 times or more the brightness value of the leaked light due to the reflection and scattering of all the components including the pixel structure 30 and the actuator section 22, the colored layer is the colored scatterer 60. If it is less than 0.5 times, the colored layer is defined as the color filter 52.

To give a specific example of the measuring method, when the colored layer alone is brought into contact with the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20 into which the light 18 is introduced, the colored layer passes through the optical waveguide plate 20 and the front surface. The front luminance of the light leaking into the light source is A (nt), and
If the front luminance of the light leaked to the front surface is B (nt) when the pixel structure 30 is further brought into contact with the surface of the colored layer on the side opposite to the optical waveguide plate 20, A ≧ 0.5. × B
When satisfying, the colored layer is a colored scatterer 60,
The color filter 52 is used when A <0.5 × B is satisfied.

The above-mentioned front luminance is arranged so that the line connecting the luminance meter for measuring the luminance and the colored layer is perpendicular to the surface of the optical waveguide plate 20 in contact with the colored layer. The luminance is measured by (the detection surface of the luminance meter is parallel to the plate surface of the optical waveguide plate 20).

The advantage of the colored scatterer 60 is that the color tone and luminance are unlikely to change depending on the layer thickness, and as a layer forming method therefor, it is difficult to strictly control the layer thickness, but the cost is low, such as screen printing. Various applications are possible.

Further, since the colored scatterer 60 also serves as the displacement transmitting portion, the layer forming process can be simplified, and the layer thickness of the whole can be reduced, so that the total thickness of the display element 14 can be reduced. In addition, it is possible to prevent the displacement amount of the actuator portion 22 from decreasing and to improve the response speed.

The advantage of the color filter 52 is that since the optical waveguide plate 20 is flat and has high surface smoothness, when the layer is formed on the optical waveguide plate 20 side, the layer formation is facilitated and the range of process selection is widened. Not only is the cost low, but it is easy to control the layer thickness that affects the color tone and brightness.

The film forming method for the colored layers such as the color filter 52 and the colored scatterer 60 is not particularly limited, and various known film forming methods can be applied. For example, in addition to a film sticking method of directly sticking a chip-shaped or film-shaped colored layer on the surface of the optical waveguide plate 20 or the actuator section 22, powder, paste, liquid, gas, ions, etc., which are raw materials of the colored layer, are applied. Thick film formation methods such as screen printing, photolithography, spray dipping, and coating, and thin film formation methods such as ion beam, sputtering, vacuum deposition, ion plating, CVD, and plating to form colored layers. There is a way to do it.

A light emitting layer may be provided on all or part of the pixel structure 30. Examples of the light emitting layer include a phosphor layer. This phosphor layer includes one that is excited by invisible light (ultraviolet rays or infrared rays) and emits visible light, and one that is excited by visible light and emits visible light.

A fluorescent pigment can also be used as the light emitting layer. When this fluorescent pigment is used, the color of the pigment itself, that is, the one to which fluorescence of a wavelength substantially matching the reflection color is added, has a large color stimulus and vividly emits light. Are more preferably used, and general daylight fluorescent pigments are preferably used.

Further, a stimulable phosphor, a phosphor, or a phosphorescent pigment is also used as the light emitting layer. These materials may be organic materials or inorganic materials.

Then, the above-mentioned light emitting material is used alone to form a light emitting layer, the above light emitting material is dispersed in a resin to form a light emitting layer, or these light emitting materials are used as a resin. A dissolved material having a light emitting layer formed thereon is preferably used.

The afterglow time of the light emitting material is preferably 1 second or less, more preferably 30 milliseconds. More preferably, it is several milliseconds or less.

When the light emitting layer is used as the whole or a part of the pixel assembly 30, the light source 16 contains light having a wavelength that excites the light emitting layer and has an energy density sufficient for excitation. If so, there is no particular limitation. For example, cold-cathode tubes, hot-cathode tubes (or carbon nanotube-field emitters in place of their filament hot-cathodes), metal halide lamps, xenon lamps, lasers including infrared lasers, blacklights, halogen lamps, incandescent lamps. , Deuterium discharge lamps, fluorescent lamps, mercury lamps, tritium lamps, light emitting diodes, plasma light sources and the like are used.

Next, the operation of the display 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
Will be briefly described with reference to. In this operation description, as shown in FIG. 14, for example, 10 V is used as the offset potential applied to the row electrode 48 a of each actuator unit 22, and the ON signal and the OFF signal applied to the column electrode 48 b of each actuator unit 22 are used. An example in which 0 V and 60 V are used as signal potentials will be shown.

Therefore, in the actuator section 22 in which the ON signal is applied to the column electrode 48b, a low level voltage (-10) is applied between the column electrode 48b and the row electrode 48a.
V) is applied to the column electrode 48b in the actuator section 22 to which the OFF signal is applied to the column electrode 48b.
A high level voltage (50V) is applied between the row electrode 48a and the row electrode 48a.

Then, first, the light 18 is introduced from the end portion of the optical waveguide plate 20, for example. In this case, by adjusting the magnitude of the refractive index of the optical waveguide plate 20 in a state where the pixel structure 30 is not in contact with the optical waveguide plate 20, all the light 18 is generated on the front surface and the rear surface of the optical waveguide plate 20. Try to totally reflect the light internally without transmitting it. The reflectance n of the optical waveguide plate 20 is preferably 1.3 to 1.8, and 1.4 to 1.
7 is more desirable.

In this example, the actuator section 22
In the natural state, the end surface of the pixel structure 30 is in contact with the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20 at a distance equal to or less than the wavelength of the light 18, and thus the light 18 is reflected on the surface of the pixel structure 30.
It becomes scattered light 62. A part of the scattered light 62 is reflected again in the optical waveguide plate 20, but most of the scattered light 62 is not reflected by the optical waveguide plate 20 and is transmitted through the front surface (front surface) of the optical waveguide plate 20. Will be done. As a result, all the actuator sections 22 are turned on, and the on state is embodied in the form of light emission, and the color of the emitted light is the color filter 52 and the colored scatterer 60 included in the pixel structure 30 or the above-described light emitting layer. It corresponds to the color of. In this case, since all the actuator units 22 are in the ON state, white is displayed on the screen of the display 10.

From this state, when an OFF signal is applied to the actuator portion 22 corresponding to a certain dot 26, the actuator portion 22 is bent and displaced so as to be convex toward the space 20 as shown in FIG. That is, the end face of the pixel assembly 30 is bent and displaced in one direction, and is separated from the optical waveguide plate 20,
The actuator section 22 is turned off, and the off state is embodied in the form of extinction.

That is, in this display 10, the presence or absence of light emission (leakage light) on the front surface of the optical waveguide plate 20 can be controlled by the presence or absence of contact of the pixel assembly 30 with the optical waveguide plate 20.

In particular, in this display 10, one unit in which one unit for displacing the pixel structure 30 in the approaching / separating direction with respect to the optical waveguide plate 20 is arranged in the vertical direction is defined as one dot, and this dot is in the horizontal direction. 3 lined up (red dot 26R, green dot 26G and blue dot 26
B) is defined as one pixel, and the pixels are arranged in a matrix or in a zigzag pattern in each row. Therefore, by controlling the displacement operation in each pixel according to the attribute of the input image signal, Similar to the cathode ray tube, the liquid crystal display device, and the plasma display, a color image (characters, figures, etc.) corresponding to an image signal can be displayed on the front surface of the optical waveguide plate 20, that is, the display surface.

Then, in this display 10,
As shown in FIG. 15, the wirings connected to the row electrodes 48a and the column electrodes 48b have a large number of actuators 22.
The number of wirings 70 corresponds to the number of rows and the number of data lines 72 corresponds to the number of all actuator units 22. The wiring 70 becomes a common wiring 74 on the way.

In the display 10, the column electrodes 48b of the actuator section 22 are connected to the data lines 72, the common wiring 70 is connected to one row of the actuator sections 22, and the data lines 72 are connected to the actuator substrate. 32 is formed on the back side, for example.

The wiring 70 is connected to the actuator section 22 in the front row.
The row electrode 48a is connected to the row electrode 48a of the actuator unit 22 and is connected in series with respect to one row. The column electrode 48b and the data line 72 are electrically connected to each other through the through hole 78 formed in the actuator substrate 32.

An insulating film (not shown) made of a silicon oxide film, a glass film, a resin film or the like is provided at the intersection of each wiring 70 and each data line 72 in order to insulate the wirings 70 and 72 from each other. Is intervening.

As shown in FIG. 15, the driving apparatus 200A according to the first embodiment has a row electrode driving circuit 202 mounted around the display 10, a column electrode driving circuit 204, and at least column electrodes. Drive circuit 2
And a signal processing circuit 206 for controlling 04.

The row electrode drive circuit 202 has a common wiring 74.
Also, an offset potential (bias potential) is supplied to the row electrodes 48a of all the actuator units 22 via each wiring 70, and one type of offset power supply voltage is supplied through the power supply unit 208.

The column electrode drive circuit 204 includes a number of driver outputs 210 corresponding to the total number of dots and a plurality of driver ICs 210 incorporating a predetermined number of driver outputs 210.
B is configured to output a data signal in parallel to each data line 72 of the display 10 and supply the data signal to all dots.

As shown in FIG. 16, each driver IC 210B has a shift register 21 of, for example, 240 bits.
2, and a data transfer unit 230 and a driver output 210 are connected to each bit of the shift register 212. Each bit data of the 240-bit data (block data Db) supplied to the shift register 212 is dot data Dd for supplying to the corresponding dot.

The data transfer section 230 includes two shift registers (first and second shift registers 250 and 25).
2).

The first shift register 250 receives the dot data Dd in series by a bit shift operation based on a constant shift clock Pc1 (= T / 6),
When the 6-bit dot data Dd is received, the 6
It can be configured by a serial input parallel output shift register that outputs bit dot data Dd in parallel.

The second shift register 252 is the same as the first shift register 252.
Data Dd stored in the shift register 250 of
Are received in parallel, and bit information of the dot data Dd is received at timings (T / 2, T / 4, ..., T / 6) according to the temporal length of the subfields SF1 to SF6.
4) having a parallel input and a serial output which are sequentially output based on the shift clock Pc2.

That is, in the second shift register 252, the 0th bit information stored in the LSB at the time of being transferred from the first shift register 250 is the same as the corresponding driver of the column electrode drive circuit 204. The first shift clock Pc2 supplied to the output 210
When (= T / 2) has elapsed, the entire bit information is bit-shifted to the right, and the bit information of the first bit located in the LSB is supplied to the driver output 210 as it is.

Then, the shift clock Pc2 (= T /
When 4) has passed, the entire bit information is bit-shifted to the right, and the bit information of the second bit located in the LSB is supplied to the driver output 210 as it is. Similarly, the shift clock Pc2 is T / 8, T / 1.
6, the total bit information is bit-shifted every time T, 32, and T / 64 are sequentially passed, and the third bit is located in the LSB every time bit-shifting is performed.
The bit information of the 4th bit, the 5th bit, and the 6th bit is sequentially supplied to the driver output 210.

Then, two types of power supply voltages for data are supplied to each driver output 210 through the power supply unit 208 as well.

Since the data line 72 is connected to all dots from the column electrode drive circuit 204, the data line 7
It is necessary to secure a wide area for routing 2 and, in addition, it is necessary to consider the influence of the time constant due to the wiring capacitance and the wiring resistance with the increase of the wiring length of the data line 72 (attenuation of the signal, etc.). In this example, display 10
Since the display element 14 is divided into 00 display elements 14, the routing of the data line 72 from the column electrode driving circuit 204 may be considered for each display element 14 unit, and it is not necessary to secure a region for forming a wide wiring. . In addition, since the wiring capacitance and the wiring resistance may be taken into consideration for each display element 14,
No signal attenuation or the like occurs.

The two types of power supply voltages for data have a high level voltage sufficient to bend and displace the actuator portion 22 downward and a low level voltage sufficient to restore the actuator portion 22 to the original state, as described later. Voltage.

The signal processing circuit 206 includes at least the column electrode driving circuit 204 so as to control the gradation by the time modulation method.
Is configured to control.

Now, the gradation control by the time modulation method will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18. First, when the display period of one image is one frame and one divided period when the one frame is divided into six, for example, is a subfield, the first subfield (first subfield SF1) is the most The length is set to be long and shortened at a rate of 1/2 for each lapse of the subfield.

When the length of this subfield is represented by the size of the data value, as shown in FIG. 17, when the period of the first subfield SF1 is, for example, "64",
The subfield SF2 is set as "32", the third subfield SF3 is set as "16", the fourth subfield SF4 is set as "8", the fifth subfield SF5 is set as "4", and the sixth subfield SF6 is set as "2". It

Then, in the signal processing circuit 206, for all dots, display time corresponding to each gradation level is assigned to each of the subfields SF1 to SF6 to create dot data, and these dot data are respectively used as column data as column signals. The data is output through the electrode driving circuit 204 during each subfield SF1 to SF6.

Here, in the case of one dot data,
Since the display time according to the gradation level of the dot is distributed to the time width assigned to each subfield,
It may be distributed to all subfields or may be distributed to some subfields.

For example, when the gradation level of the dot is 126, for example, all the subfields SF1 to S
F6 will be selected, and as dot data,
It becomes a bit string of "000000". When the gradation level is 78, the first, fourth, fifth and sixth subfields SF1, SF4, SF5 and SF6 are selected, and the dot data is "011000".
It becomes the bit string of.

The data signal is an analog signal which changes to a high level and a low level according to each bit information of the bit string forming the dot data. If the bit information is logically "0", the low level voltage ( ON signal), and if the bit information is logically "1", it is a high level voltage (OFF signal).

That is, as an output form of the data signal output to the actuator section 22, for example, an ON signal (low level voltage) is output for the selected subfield and an OFF signal is output for the unselected subfield. (High level voltage) is output.

Specifically, the signal processing circuit 206 receives, as shown in FIG. 18, the progressive type moving image signal Sv (eg analog moving image signal) and the synchronizing signal Ss from the moving image output device 220. An image data processing circuit 224 that converts the image data into digital image data Dv in frame units and writes the image data in the image memory 222 (frame buffer); and a correction data memory 226 in which gradation correction data Dc set in dot units is recorded. , The image data Dv from the image memory 222 and the correction data memory 22.
The display controller 22 that reads the gradation correction data Dc from 6 and multiplies them by the corrected image data Dh.
And 8 are configured.

The moving image output device 220 may be, for example, a VTR or a personal computer that receives and outputs a moving image recorded on a recording medium or a moving image transmitted by communication (including radio waves, cables, etc.).

The display controller 228 is used for the image memory 2
First read circuit 2 for reading image data Dv from 22
32, a second read circuit 234 for reading the gradation correction data Dc from the correction data memory 226, and image data Dv and gradation correction data Dc read from the first and second read circuits 232 and 234. A multiplication circuit 236 for multiplication to obtain corrected image data Dh, and the multiplication circuit 23.
6 and output port 238 for outputting the corrected image data Dh obtained in 6 in parallel.

Here, considering the data transfer rate in the driving apparatus 200A according to the first embodiment, it is 1
Since it is necessary to transmit 6-bit data per dot within the frame period T, 43 Hz × 6 bit × (640 × 3 × 480) = 238
It becomes Mbps. When an IC having an operation clock of 1 MHz is used as the column electrode drive circuit 204, it is 23
8 MHz / 1 MHz = 238 parallel 1-bit transmission is required.

Therefore, the output port OP in the display controller 228 has an output terminal 23 for data transmission.
The eight corrected image data Dh output from the multiplication circuit 236 are rearranged in correspondence with the output terminals,
The output terminals output the block data Db in parallel. In this case, the rate (transfer rate) of parallel transfer from each output terminal in 1-bit units is 1 MHz.

Driving device 200A according to the first embodiment
Is basically constructed as described above. Next, its function and effect will be explained.

First, the moving image signal Sv and the synchronizing signal Ss from the moving image output device 220 are input to the image data processing circuit 224. The image data processing circuit 224 converts the input moving image signal Sv into digital image data Dv in frame units based on the synchronization signal Ss, and the image memory 222.
Write to (frame buffer).

The display controller 228 is used for the image memory 2
The image data Dv written in 22 and the gradation correction data Dc from the correction data memory 226 are read out and multiplied to obtain corrected image data Dh (image data in which 6-bit dot data is arranged in 1-dot units). And

The corrected image data Dh is output to the output port OP.
In the above, after being rearranged into a data form corresponding to each output terminal, the data is output from the output port OP in parallel at a transfer rate of 1 bit / 1 MHz from the output port OP and supplied to the corresponding driver IC 210B.

In each driver IC 210B, the block data Db sent from the output port OP is supplied to the shift register 212, and the block data Db is sent to the shift register 212 by 24 bits.
When 0 bit strings are prepared, the bit strings are sent to the corresponding data transfer units 230 in parallel as dot data Dd.

That is, each data transfer section 230 reads the dot data Dd sent from the shift register 212 at a constant shift clock Pc1 and starts the start timing (T / 2, T / 4) of each subfield SF1 to SF6. ,
The dot data Dd is output at a timing according to (..., T / 64).

The dot data Dd output from each data transfer section 230 corresponds to the corresponding driver output 210.
Is supplied to. The driver output 210 is the dot data D
It is converted into a data signal based on the bit information included in d and is output to the corresponding dot through the data line 72.

That is, for each dot, the bit information included in the corresponding dot data Dd is stored in each subfield SF.
It is supplied as a data signal while being incremented in synchronization with the start timing of 1 to SF6.

As a result, the color image corresponding to the image data Dv is displayed on the screen of the display 10.

As described above, in the driving device 200A according to the first embodiment, one dot 26 is formed by one or more actuator parts 22, and one pixel 28 is formed by one or more dot 26. When configured, a row electrode drive circuit 202 that applies an offset potential (bias potential) to all the actuator units 22 and a data signal that includes an ON signal and an OFF signal for each dot based on the image data Dv is output. A column electrode drive circuit 204 and a signal processing circuit 206 for controlling the row electrode drive circuit 202 and the column electrode drive circuit 204 are provided, and in the signal processing circuit 206, column electrode drive is performed in order to control gradation by at least a time modulation method. Since the circuit 204 is controlled, one type of offset voltage is used as the power supply voltage to be supplied to the row electrode drive circuit 202. It requires only a power supply voltage for the door. As a result, the row electrode drive circuit 202 can be easily made into a custom IC, the degree of freedom in designing and manufacturing the drive device 200A can be increased, and the power consumption can be reduced.

Further, as for the column driver IC (column electrode drive circuit 204), the IC itself does not need an expensive one having a high function such as PWM modulation,
Basically, a multi-output, low-cost IC having only a data input shift register and a level shifter can be used. These are also advantageous in reducing the external size of the bare chip, TCP, etc., and because the space where the drive IC is mounted can be easily saved, the display 10 can be easily thinned. This is the display 10
This leads to lower manufacturing costs.

In the above example, the case where the offset potential applied to the row electrode 48a of each actuator section 22 is set to 10V is shown. However, as shown in FIG. 19, the offset potential may be set to 0V. . In this case, since the ground potential may be used as the offset potential, the number of power supplies can be reduced by one.

As another example, as shown in FIG. 20, the polarities of voltage application may be reversed.
For example, the offset potential may be + 50V, and the respective potentials of the ON signal and the OFF signal may be 60V and 0V. In this case, the polarization direction of the shape retention layer 46 is also reversed.

Next, the driving device 2 according to the second embodiment
00B will be described with reference to FIGS. 21 to 27.

Drive device 20 according to the second embodiment
In 0B, the gradation control by the time modulation method in the signal processing circuit 206 is partially different, and as shown in FIG. 21, when the display period of one image is one frame and the one frame is equally divided into a plurality of frames. When one divided period of is a linear subfield, the signal processing circuit 206
The dot data is created by continuously allocating the display time corresponding to each gradation level to a required linear subfield.

For example, if the maximum gray scale is 64 gray scales, 63 linear subfields LSF1 are generated in one frame period.
~ LSF63 is allocated and the dot data Dd is 1
One linear subfield has a data structure of 1 bit.

Specifically, the gradation level of a certain dot is 6
If it is 2, as shown in FIG. 22A, dot data in which the 0-bit and the 1-bit are “1” and the remaining 2-bit to 63-bit “0” are created, and the gradation level is If it is 8, as shown in FIG. 22B, dot data that is "1" from the continuous 0th bit to the 55th bit and "0" from the remaining 56th continuous bit to 63th bit is created. Become.

As shown in FIG. 23, the drive device 200B according to the second embodiment has substantially the same structure as the drive device 200A according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 18). The configuration of the data output system of the signal processing circuit 206 and the configuration of each driver IC 210B in the column electrode drive circuit 204 are different as follows.

That is, the data transfer unit 230 is connected to the data output system of the signal processing circuit 206, that is, at the subsequent stage of the display controller 228. Then, the multiplication circuit 236 of the display controller 228 multiplies the image data Dv and the gradation correction data Dc read from the first and second readout circuits 232 and 234 to correct the corrected image data Dh.
(Image data in which dot data having the number of bits corresponding to the maximum gradation is arranged in dot units), and output to the data transfer unit 230 in the subsequent stage as it is through the output port OP.

As shown in FIG. 24, the driver IC 210B has a 240-bit shift register 212, for example.
And a driver output 210 is connected to each bit of the shift register 212.

Here, considering the data transfer rate in the driving apparatus 200B according to the second embodiment, it is 1
Since it is necessary to transmit 1-bit data within the period (T / 64) of / 64 frame, (43 × 64 Hz) × 1 bit × (640 × 3 × 48)
0) = 2.5 Gbps. When an IC having an operation clock of, for example, 1 MHz is used as the column electrode drive circuit 204, 2.
5 GHz / 1 MHz = 2500 Parallel 1-bit transmission is required.

Therefore, the data transfer section 230 employs a circuit configuration for outputting the bit information forming the dot data Dd at the start timing of each of the linear subfields LSF1 to LSF64, as shown in FIG. 25, for example. In addition, one first data output circuit 270
And a second data output circuit 272 corresponding to the number of output terminals of the first data output circuit 270.

The first data output circuit 270 divides all driver ICs 210B into a plurality of groups,
Number of outputs per C210B (driver IC210B
Is k, the number of driver ICs 210B assigned to one group is m, and the number of bits corresponding to the maximum gray level is n, k × for each output terminal in one frame period T. A data group of m × n is assigned, and the data group is configured to output the data group in dot order at predetermined timings at each output terminal.

The second data output circuit 272 has output terminals corresponding to the number m of allocations of the driver IC 210B, and receives the data supplied from the first data output circuit 270 in parallel through the plurality of output terminals. It is configured to output to the assigned driver IC 210B.

For example, the number of outputs per driver IC 210B (the number of dots output by the driver IC 210B)
To 240, and 40 driver ICs 21 for each group
When 0B is allocated and the number of output terminals of the first data output circuit 270 is 96, each of the output terminals φ1 to φ96 of the first data output circuit 270 has 40 output terminals φ100 to φ139. 2 data output circuit 27
2 will be connected, in this case 96 × 40 = 3
840 parallel outputs are possible.

Then, the first data output circuit 270.
As shown in FIG. 26, the corrected image data Dh supplied from the display controller 228 is 240 × 40 = 9.
Divided for each 600 dot data, each output terminal φ1-
For each φ96, 9600 dot data Dd are assigned.

When one output terminal (for example, output terminal φ1) is viewed, as shown in FIG. 27, a 9600-bit bit string 300 is formed by arranging bit information at the same bit position of 9600 dot data Dd in dot units. Created for 0 to 63 bits of dot data Dd, and
Bit string data 302 is created by arranging these bit strings in the order of 0 to 63 bits.

Then, the bit string data 302 is set to T /
It outputs from the output terminal φ1 while bit-shifting by 240 × 40 = 9600 bits (the length of the bit string 300) in 64 times in synchronization with the reference clock of the first data output circuit 270. When the reference clock is, for example, 40 MHz, the transfer frequency of the 40-bit bit string 300B forming the 9600-bit bit string 300 is 1 MHz, which can be the same as the transfer frequency of the column electrode drive circuit 204. Therefore, by using an IC having a reference clock of 40 MHz or more (for example, 44.9 MHz) as the first data output circuit 270, the bit string 300 can be transferred with a time margin.

The second data output circuit 272 is provided with 40 driver ICs 210B corresponding to the column electrode drive circuit 204 in parallel from 40 output terminals φ100 to φ139 each time the bit string 300B having a 40-bit configuration is latched.
Output to. This series of operations is repeated 240 times,
24 in the shift register 212 of each driver IC 210B
A bit string having a 0-bit configuration is stored.

Each bit information of the bit string stored in the shift register 212 becomes dot data Dd.
At this point, 240 dot data Dd are output in parallel from the shift register 212 to the corresponding 240 driver outputs 210. The driver output 210 is
The data signal is converted into a data signal based on the bit information included in the dot data Dd, and the data line 7 is formed in each corresponding dot.
Output through 2.

By repeating the above operation for all the dots in sequence, a color image corresponding to the image data is displayed on the screen of the display 10.

As described above, also in the drive unit 200B according to the second embodiment, it becomes easy to form the row electrode drive circuit 202 into a custom IC as in the drive unit 200A according to the first embodiment. The degree of freedom in designing and manufacturing the drive device 200B can be increased, and low power consumption can be achieved.

Further, regarding the column driver IC, I
The C itself does not require an expensive one having a high function such as PWM modulation, and basically has a multi-output, low-priced IC having only a data input shift register and a level shifter.
Can be used. These are bare chips, TC
It is also advantageous in reducing the mounting external size of P etc.,
Since the space where the drive IC is mounted can be easily saved, the display 10 can be easily thinned. This leads to a reduction in the manufacturing cost of the display 10.

Next, the driving device 2 according to the third embodiment
00C will be described with reference to FIGS. 28 to 33.

Drive device 20 according to the third embodiment
As shown in FIG. 28, 0C has the same configuration as that of the driving device 200A according to the first embodiment, but the row electrode driving circuit 202 matches the pixels in the odd rows and the even numbers in accordance with the interlaced image signal. The number of driver outputs 210 forming the column electrode drive circuit 204 is 1 / the total number of dots, and the number of driver outputs 210 forming the column electrode drive circuit 204 is 1/100.
2, that is, the number of driver ICs 210B is half that of the driver 200A according to the first embodiment.
Is different. One driver output 210 is responsible for driving two dots arranged in the vertical direction.

Driving device 200C according to the third embodiment
29. In the gradation control by the time modulation method in the signal processing circuit 206, as shown in FIG. 29, the display period of one image is one frame, and the period obtained by separating the one frame into two is one field, and When one field is divided into, for example, six sub-fields, the first sub-field (first sub-field SF1) is the longest, and the sub-field is shortened at a rate of 1/2 for each sub-field. Is set.

Then, the row electrode drive circuit 202 includes a first driver 280 provided in common for odd rows,
Second driver 282 provided in common for even rows
Each of the drivers 280 and 282 is configured to alternately output a selection signal and a non-selection signal for each field. When selecting an odd row, the first and second
The selection signals and the non-selection signals are output from the respective drivers 280 and 282, and when selecting an even row, the first
And the second drivers 280 and 282 output the non-selection signal and the selection signal, respectively.

First and second drivers 280 and 282
Switching between the selection signal and the non-selection signal is performed based on the input of the detection signal Sj from the timing generation circuit 284 provided in the signal processing circuit 206, as shown in FIG. The timing generation circuit 284 is a circuit that detects the start timing of the field period based on the synchronization signal Ss supplied from the moving image output device 220.

A data transfer section 230 provided corresponding to the driver output 210 of the column electrode drive circuit 204.
For this, the data transfer unit 230 (see FIG. 16) in the drive device 200A according to the first embodiment can be used. Since one driver output 210 is assigned to two dots arranged in the vertical direction, the dot data Dd output from the data transfer unit 230 is data for two dots. That is, it becomes the dot data Dd for every two dots.

Further, in the driving device 200C according to the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 31, 10V is selected as the selection signal output from the first and second drivers 280 and 282 of the row electrode driving circuit 202. An example is shown in which -50V is used as the non-selection signal, 0V is used as the ON signal and 60V is used as the OFF signal output through each driver output 210 of the column electrode drive circuit 204.

Therefore, in the actuator section 22 in which the selection signal is applied to the row electrode 48a and the ON signal is applied to the column electrode 48b, a low level voltage (-10V) is applied between the column electrode 48b and the row electrode 48a. Then, the actuator section 22 is in a natural state, that is, in a light emitting state.

In the actuator section 22 in which the selection signal is applied to the row electrode 48a and the off signal is applied to the column electrode 48b, the column electrode 48b and the row electrode 48 are included.
A high level voltage (50 V) is applied between a, and the actuator portion 22 is bent and displaced in one direction, and becomes in the extinction state.

In the actuator section 22 to which the non-selection signal is applied to the row electrode 48a, a high level voltage (50V) is applied between the column electrode 48b and the row electrode 48a regardless of the ON signal or the OFF signal applied to the column electrode 48b.
Or, 110 V) is applied, and the actuator portion 22 is bent and displaced in one direction to be in the extinction state.

Driving device 200C according to the third embodiment
Is basically constructed as described above. Next, its function and effect will be explained.

First, as shown in FIG. 30, the image data processing circuit 224 receives, for example, the interlaced video signal Sv (for example, analog video signal) and the synchronizing signal Ss from the video output device 220, and the timing generation circuit 2
The synchronizing signal Ss from the video output device 220 is input to 84.

The image data processing circuit 224 converts the input moving image signal Sv into digital image data Dv on a field-by-field basis based on the synchronization signal Ss, and writes it in the image memory 222 (field buffer). The timing generation circuit 284 detects the start timing of the one-field period Tf from the synchronization signal Ss and outputs it as the detection signal Sj to the row electrode drive circuit 202.

The display controller 228 is the image memory 2
The image data Dv from 22 and the gradation correction data Dc from the correction data memory 226 are read out and multiplied to obtain corrected image data Dh (image data in which 6-bit dot data is arranged in 2 dot units). .

The corrected image data Dh is output to the output port OP.
In the above, after being rearranged into a data form corresponding to each output terminal, the data is output from the output port OP in parallel at a transfer rate of 1 bit / 1 MHz from the output port OP and supplied to the corresponding driver IC 210B.

Then, when 240 bit strings are prepared in the shift register 212 in each driver IC 210B, the bit strings are sent in parallel to the corresponding data transfer units 230.

Data transfer unit 2 provided in units of 2 dots
The operation 30 reads the dot data Dd sent from the display controller 228 at a constant clock (Tf / 6) and outputs the dot data Dd at a timing corresponding to the start timing of the subfields SF1 to SF6. Dot data Dd output every 2 dots
Are provided to their respective driver outputs 210.

On the other hand, in the row electrode drive circuit 202, the odd row and the even row are alternately selected for each field based on the input of the detection signal Sj from the timing generation circuit 284.

Then, the column electrode drive circuit 204 converts it into a data signal based on the bit information included in the dot data Dd, and outputs it through the data line 72 in units of 2 dots arranged in the vertical direction.

That is, the bit information included in the corresponding dot data Dd is supplied to the two dots arranged in the vertical direction as a data signal while being incremented in synchronization with the start timing of the subfields SF1 to SF6. However, the data signal is substantially supplied to the dots in the row selected by the row electrode drive circuit 202 among the two dots arranged in the vertical direction. In the next field period, the data signal is substantially supplied to the dots in the previously unselected rows.

By repeating the above operation in sequence, a color image corresponding to the image data Dv is displayed on the screen of the display 10.

As described above, in the driving device 200C according to the third embodiment, one dot 26 is composed of one or more actuator parts 22, and one pixel 28 is composed of one or more dot 26. When configured, a row electrode drive circuit 202 that alternately selects pixels in odd-numbered rows and pixels in even-numbered rows, and for pixels in selected rows, from a light emission signal and an extinction signal for each dot based on the image signal. And a signal processing circuit 206 for controlling the row electrode driving circuit 202 and the column electrode driving circuit 204. The signal processing circuit 206 includes:
In the above, at least the row electrode driving circuit 202 and the column electrode driving circuit 20 are used to control gradation by a time modulation method.
4 is controlled, the row electrode drive circuit 202
Two types of power supply voltages are sufficient as the power supply voltage to be supplied to.
As a result, the row electrode drive circuit 202 can be easily made into a custom IC, the degree of freedom in designing and manufacturing the drive device 200C can be increased, and the power consumption can be reduced.

Further, regarding the column driver IC, I
The C itself does not require an expensive one having a high function such as PWM modulation, and basically has a multi-output, low-priced IC having only a data input shift register and a level shifter.
Can be used. These are bare chips, TC
It is also advantageous in reducing the mounting external size of P etc.,
Since the space where the drive IC is mounted can be easily saved, the display 10 can be easily thinned. This leads to a reduction in the manufacturing cost of the display 10.

In the above example, the case where 10 V is used as the selection signal and -50 V is used as the non-selection signal output from the first and second drivers 280 and 282 of the row electrode drive circuit 202 is shown. As shown in FIG. 32, the selection signal may be 0V and the non-selection signal may be -60V. In this case, since the ground potential may be used as the potential of the selection signal, the number of power supplies can be reduced by one.

Further, as another example, as shown in FIG. 33, the polarities of voltage application may be reversed.
For example, 50 V as a selection signal and 110 as a non-selection signal
V may be used, and the respective potentials of the ON signal and the OFF signal may be set to 60V and 0V. In this case, the polarization direction of the shape retention layer 46 is also reversed.

Next, the driving device 2 according to the fourth embodiment
00D will be described with reference to FIGS. 34 and 35.

Drive device 20 according to the fourth embodiment
In 0D, gradation control by the time modulation method in the signal processing circuit 206 is partly different, and as shown in FIG. 34, the display period of one image is one frame, and the one frame is divided into two periods. When one field is defined and one divided period when the field is equally divided into a plurality of fields is defined as a linear subfield, the signal processing circuit 206 needs a display time corresponding to each gradation level for each two dots. The dot data is created by continuously allocating the linear subfields.

Drive device 20 according to the fourth embodiment
As shown in FIG. 35, the signal processing circuit in 0D has substantially the same configuration as the signal processing circuit 206 (see FIG. 23) of the driving device 200B according to the second embodiment, but is supplied from the moving image output device 220. The difference is that it has a timing generation circuit 284 that detects the start timing of the field period based on the synchronization signal Ss.

Then, as the data transfer section connected to the subsequent stage of the display controller 228, the data transfer section 230 in the driving apparatus 200B according to the second embodiment can be used.

Drive device 20 according to the fourth embodiment
Also in 0D, as in the drive device 200B according to the second embodiment, the row electrode drive circuit 202 can be easily made into a custom IC, and the degree of freedom in designing and manufacturing the drive device 200D can be increased. Also, low power consumption is possible.

In addition, regarding the column driver IC, I
The C itself does not require an expensive one having a high function such as PWM modulation, and basically has a multi-output, low-priced IC having only a data input shift register and a level shifter.
Can be used. These are bare chips, TC
It is also advantageous in reducing the mounting external size of P etc.,
Since the space where the drive IC is mounted can be easily saved, the display 10 can be easily thinned. This leads to a reduction in the manufacturing cost of the display 10.

In the driving devices 200C and 200D according to the above-described third and fourth embodiments, the row electrode driving circuit 202 is arranged to alternately select pixels in odd rows and pixels in even rows. In addition, the row electrode drive circuit 2
In 02, pixels in three or more rows may be selected in order.

Next, the driving device 2 according to the fifth embodiment
00E will be described with reference to FIGS. 36 to 39.

Drive device 20 according to the fifth embodiment
The pixel array configuration in the display element to which 0E is applied is
For example, as shown in FIG. 36, one dot 26 is formed by two actuator portions 22 arranged in the horizontal direction, and one dot 26 is composed of three dots 26 (red dot 26R, green dot 26G and blue dot 26B) arranged in the vertical direction. Two pixels
8 are configured.

Then, in the gradation control by the time modulation method in the signal processing circuit 206 of the driving apparatus 200E according to the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 37, the display period of one image is one frame, When one frame (first field, second field, and third field) is divided into three periods, and one divided period when the one field is divided into six, for example, is used as a subfield. , The first subfield (first subfield SF
1) is the longest, and is set to be shortened at a rate of 1/2 for each progress of subfields.

As shown in FIG. 38, the row electrode drive circuit 2
02 is provided in common for the 3n−2 row, the first driver 500 provided in common for the 3n−1 row, the second driver 502 provided in common for the 3n−1 row, and provided in common for the 3n row. A third driver 504 and each driver 50
0, 502, and 504 are configured to sequentially output the selection signal and the non-selection signal for each field.

When selecting 3n-2 rows, the first and second rows are selected.
And a selection signal, a non-selection signal, and a non-selection signal are output from the third driver 500, 502, and 504, respectively.
When selecting the 3n−1th row, the non-selection signal, the selection signal and the non-selection signal are output from the first, second and third drivers 500, 502 and 504 respectively, and when selecting the 3nth row, 1, second and third drivers 500, 5
02 and 504 output a non-selection signal, a non-selection signal, and a selection signal, respectively.

First, second and third drivers 500, 5
Switching between the selection signal and the non-selection signal in 02 and 504 is performed based on the input of the detection signal Sk from the timing generation circuit 506 provided in the signal processing circuit 206, as shown in FIG. That is, the row electrode drive circuit 202
In accordance with the synchronization signal Ss from the timing generation circuit 506, the dots in the 3n−2 row, the dots in the 3n−1 row, and the 3n−1 row.
Dots of n rows (n = 1, 2, ...) Are selected in order.

This timing generation circuit 506 is set to 1 based on the synchronization signal Ss supplied from the moving image output device 220.
A detection signal Sk at a timing obtained by dividing the frame period into three is generated and output.

The image data processing circuit 224 of the signal processing circuit 206 receives, for example, a progressive type moving image signal Sv (for example, an analog moving image signal) from the moving image output device 220 and a detection signal Sk from the timing generation circuit 506, and, for example, It is converted into digital image data Dv in units of three primary colors (red, green and blue), and the red image memory 22
2R, green image memory 222G, and blue image memory 22
It is configured to write to 2B.

The first read circuit 232 is configured to read the image data Dv sequentially from the three types of image memories 222R, 222G and 222B based on the input of the detection signal Sk from the timing generation circuit 506.

The light source 16 is configured to sequentially switch and emit three types of light (for example, red light, green light and blue light) based on the input of the detection signal Sk from the timing generation circuit 506.

In the column electrode drive circuit 204, the number of driver outputs 210 is 1/3 of the total number of dots,
The number of driver ICs 210B is 1/3 of the number in the driving device 200A according to the first embodiment, and driving of three dots arranged in the vertical direction is performed by one driver output 2
10 are in charge.

As the data transfer unit provided corresponding to the driver output 210 of the column electrode drive circuit 204, the data transfer unit 230 (see FIG. 16) in the drive device 200A according to the first embodiment can be used. it can.
One driver output for 3 dots lined up in the vertical direction
Since 10 is assigned, the dot data Dd output from the data transfer unit 230 is data for 3 dots. That is, it becomes the dot data Dd for every 3 dots.

In the drive device 200E according to the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 31, for example, the first, second and third drivers 50 of the row electrode drive circuit 202 are provided.
1 as a selection signal output from 0, 502, and 504
0V, -50V can be used as a non-selection signal, 0V can be used as an ON signal and 60V can be used as an OFF signal output from each driver output 210 of the column electrode drive circuit 204.

Driving apparatus 200E according to the fifth embodiment
Is basically constructed as described above. Next, its function and effect will be explained.

First, as shown in FIG. 39, the video data processing circuit 224 receives, for example, a progressive video signal Sv (for example, analog video signal) and a synchronizing signal Ss from the video output device 220, and the timing generation circuit 5
The synchronization signal Ss from the video output device 220 is input to 06. The timing generation circuit 506 generates and outputs a detection signal Sk at a timing obtained by dividing one frame period into three based on the input synchronization signal Ss.

The image data processing circuit 224 converts the input moving image signal Sv into digital image data Dv in units of three primary colors (red, green and blue) based on the detection signal Sk from the timing generation circuit 506. , The image memory 222R for red, the image memory 222G for green, and the image memory 222B for blue, respectively.

The display controller 228 uses the image data Dv from the image memories 222R, 222G and 222B.
And the gradation correction data Dc from the correction data memory 226 and read out the corrected image data Dh (3
Image data in which 6-bit dot data is arranged in dot units).

The corrected image data Dh is output to the output port OP.
In the above, after being rearranged into a data format corresponding to each output terminal, the data is output from the output port OP in parallel at a transfer rate of 1 bit / 1 MHz in 238 and supplied to the corresponding driver IC.

Then, when 240 bit strings are prepared in the shift register 212 in each driver IC 210B, the bit strings are sent in parallel to the corresponding data transfer units 230.

Data transfer unit 2 provided in 3-dot units
30 reads the dot data Dd sent from the shift register 212 at a constant clock (Tf / 6),
The operation of outputting the dot data Dd at a timing corresponding to the start timing of the subfields SF1 to SF6 is performed. The dot data Dd output for every 3 dots is supplied to the corresponding driver output 210.

On the other hand, in the row electrode drive circuit 202, 3n-2 rows, 3n-1 rows and 3n rows are sequentially selected for each field based on the input of the detection signal Sk from the timing generation circuit 506. At this time, the light source 16 sequentially outputs red light, green light, and blue light for each field based on the input of the detection signal Sk from the timing generation circuit 506.

Then, the column electrode drive circuit 204 converts it into a data signal based on the bit information included in the dot data Dd, and outputs it through the data line 72 in units of 3 dots arranged in the vertical direction.

That is, the bit information included in the corresponding dot data Dd is supplied to the three dots arranged in the vertical direction as data signals while being incremented in synchronization with the start timing of the subfields SF1 to SF6. However, among the three dots arranged in the vertical direction, in the period of the first field (for example, the period during which red light is emitted), the dots of 3n−2 rows (rows related to red) selected by the row electrode drive circuit 202. A data signal is substantially supplied to. In the next second field period (for example, a period during which green light is emitted), the 3n-1 rows that were previously unselected (rows related to green)
In the next third field period (for example, a period during which blue light is emitted), the data signal is substantially supplied to the dots of the above, and the dots of the 3nth row (the row related to blue color) that was previously unselected are selected. On the other hand, the data signal is substantially supplied.

By repeating the above operation in sequence, a color image corresponding to the image data Dv is displayed on the screen of the display 10.

As described above, in the drive unit 200E according to the fifth embodiment, one dot 26 is composed of one or more actuator sections 22, and one pixel 28 is composed of one or more dots 26. 3n-2 if configured
Row pixels, 3n-1 row pixels and 3n row pixels (n =
1, 2, ...) In order to select the row electrode drive circuit 2
02, a column electrode drive circuit 204 that outputs a data signal including a light emission signal and an extinction signal for each dot based on the image signal to the pixels in the selected row, a row electrode drive circuit 202, and a column electrode drive circuit 204. The signal processing circuit 206 for controlling the row electrode driving circuit 202 and the column electrode driving circuit 204 is controlled in the signal processing circuit 206 so as to control the gradation by at least a time modulation method. As the power supply voltage to be supplied to the drive circuit 202, two kinds of power supply voltages are sufficient. As a result, the row electrode drive circuit 202 can be easily made into a custom IC, the degree of freedom in designing and manufacturing the drive device 200E can be increased, and the power consumption can be reduced.

Further, the column driver IC (column electrode drive circuit 204) does not need to be expensive, such as having a high function such as PWM modulation, in the IC itself.
Basically, a multi-output, low-cost IC having only a data input shift register and a level shifter can be used. These are also advantageous in reducing the external size of the bare chip, TCP, etc., and because the space where the drive IC is mounted can be easily saved, the display 10 can be easily thinned. This is the display 10
This leads to lower manufacturing costs.

In particular, in the drive unit 200E according to the fifth embodiment, the light source 16 emits light of the three primary colors, so that blank luminance ( (Light emission luminance due to defects of the optical waveguide plate other than the pixel light emitting portion) becomes 1/3, and the contrast can be improved.

Further, when, for example, red light is emitted from the light source 16, the dots relating to red are emitted, so that the color purity is improved and the image quality can be effectively improved.

Next, the driving device 2 according to the sixth embodiment
00F will be described with reference to FIGS. 40 and 41.

Driving device 20 according to the sixth embodiment
In 0F, gradation control by the time modulation method in the signal processing circuit 206 is partly different, and as shown in FIG. 40, a display period of one image is one frame, and a period obtained by separating the one frame into three is set. When one field is set and one divided period when the one field is equally divided into a plurality of fields is a linear subfield, the signal processing circuit 206 needs a display time corresponding to each gradation level for each 3 dots. The dot data is created by continuously allocating the linear subfields.

Drive device 20 according to the sixth embodiment
As shown in FIG. 41, the signal processing circuit in 0F has almost the same configuration as the signal processing circuit 206 (see FIG. 35) of the driving device 200D according to the fourth embodiment, but is supplied from the moving image output device 220. Detection signal Sk corresponding to the start timing of the field period based on the synchronization signal Ss
Is different in that it has a timing generation circuit 506 for outputting

Then, as the data transfer section connected to the subsequent stage of the display controller 228, the data transfer section 230 in the drive device 200B according to the second embodiment can be used.

Drive device 20 according to the sixth embodiment
Also in 0F, as in the drive device 200B according to the second embodiment, the row electrode drive circuit 202 can be easily made into a custom IC, and the degree of freedom in designing and manufacturing the drive device 200F can be increased. Also, low power consumption is possible.

Further, as for the column driver IC (column electrode drive circuit 204), the IC itself does not need an expensive one having a high function such as PWM modulation,
Basically, a multi-output, low-cost IC having only a data input shift register and a level shifter can be used. These are also advantageous in reducing the external size of the bare chip, TCP, etc., and because the space where the drive IC is mounted can be easily saved, the display 10 can be easily thinned.

Driving device 2 according to the first to sixth embodiments
In the display 10 or the display element 14 to which 00A to 200F is applied, for example, as shown in FIG.
Light is emitted in the natural state of the actuator portion 22, and the row electrode 48a and the column electrode 48 of the actuator portion 22 are emitted.
When a high-level voltage is applied between b, the actuator portion 22 is bent and displaced so as to be convex toward the space 34 so as to extinguish, but in addition, the pixel structure 30 is provided on the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20. By the contact and separation, in addition to the strain generated by applying a voltage to the shape retaining layer 46 when the actuator section 22 is turned on / off, the contact between the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20 and the pixel assembly 30 is caused. You may make it generate | occur | produce static electricity between a surface (end surface), and utilize the attractive force and repulsive force by this static electricity for the ON operation / OFF operation of the actuator part 22.

As a result, while the actuator section 22 is being driven, dielectric characteristics are generated and the on-characteristics of the actuator section 22 are utilized by utilizing the attractive force of static electricity (contact property of the pixel structure 30 and response in the contact direction). Configuration to improve the
By using not only the attractive force due to static electricity but also the repulsive force, it is possible to improve not only the ON characteristic of the actuator section 22 but also the OFF characteristic (separation property of the pixel structure 30 and response in the separation direction).

For example, in order to improve only the ON characteristics of the actuator section 22, a coating material is simply provided on the contact surface (end surface) of the pixel assembly 30 and the optical waveguide plate 20 itself or the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20. , These may be dielectrically polarized.

Further, for example, when improving both the on-characteristics and the off-characteristics of the actuator section 22, both electrostatic attractive force and repulsive force are generated on the contact surface of the dielectrically polarized pixel structure 30. A transparent electrode or a metal thin film may be arranged on the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20 to switch its electric polarity.

Concretely, the structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 42A to 43B. Actuator part 22
In the display element 14 shown in FIGS. 42A and 42B in which the row electrode 48a is formed on the upper surface of the shape retaining layer 46 and the column electrode 48b is formed on the lower surface thereof as shown in FIG. Out of the back of 20
Transparent electrodes 290 are formed at positions corresponding to the actuator portions 22, respectively.

When the actuator section 22 is turned on to emit light, a voltage (Vc> Va) is applied between the transparent electrode 290 and the row electrode 48a corresponding to the actuator section 22 as shown in FIG. 42A. It is applied and the voltage between the row electrode 48a and the column electrode 48b is set to almost zero (Va≈Vb).

Thus, the transparent electrode 290 and the row electrode 4
The pixel assembly 30 is pressed against the optical waveguide plate 20 side by the electrostatic attractive force that acts between the pixel structure 30 and 8a. This pressing force improves the brightness and the response speed.

On the other hand, when the actuator section 22 is turned off and the light is extinguished, the voltage between the transparent electrode 290 and the row electrode 48a corresponding to the actuator section 22 is set to almost zero as shown in FIG. 42B. (Vc≈V
a), a voltage (Va <Vb) is applied between the row electrode 48a and the column electrode 48b.

As a result, the actuator section 22 is bent and displaced so as to be convex toward the space 34, and the pixel assembly 30 is separated from the optical waveguide plate 20.

By the way, the transparent electrode 290 may be formed on either the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20 or the end surface of the pixel assembly 30, but is preferably formed on the end surface of the pixel assembly 30. This is the row electrode 4 on the actuator section 22.
This is because the distance from 8a becomes smaller and a larger electrostatic force can be generated.

The transparent electrode 290 formed on the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20 has the effect of improving the spacing of the pixel assembly 30. Generally, the contact and separation of the pixel structure 30 causes local surface charges generated in the pixel structure 30 and the optical waveguide plate 20, which help the pixel structure 30 to contact the optical waveguide plate 20. However, in this case, the inconvenience of the pixel structure 30 sticking to the optical waveguide plate 20 is likely to occur.

Therefore, the transparent electrode 2 is formed on the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20.
By forming 90, the generation of local surface charges is alleviated, the inconvenience (sticking) is reduced, and the pixel structure 3 is formed.
Separability of 0 is improved.

The structure in which the transparent electrode 290 is formed and static electricity is used is the display element 14 as shown in FIGS. 43A and 43B, that is, a pair of electrodes (row electrode 48a and column electrode) on the upper surface of the shape retaining layer 46. 48b) can be applied to the display element 14 as well.

That is, the transparent electrode 2 is formed on the back surface of the optical waveguide plate 20.
When 90 is formed and a voltage (Vc> Va, Vc> Vb) is applied between the transparent electrode 290 and the pair of electrodes 48a and 48b provided on the upper surface of the actuator portion 22,
Static electricity is generated between the two.

Here, considering the case of extinction in the natural state of the actuator section 22, when the actuator section 22 is turned on to emit light, the pair of electrodes 4
The actuator unit 22 is bent and displaced toward the optical waveguide plate 20 by the voltage (Va <Vb <Vc) between 8a and 48b, and the pixel assembly 30 rapidly approaches the optical waveguide plate 20 side due to the electrostatic attraction. Then, it becomes a light emitting state. On the contrary, the transparent electrode 290 and the pair of electrodes 48a and 4a
No voltage applied to 8b (Va≈Vb≈V
In c), the actuator section 22 is turned off, and the actuator section 22 is separated from the optical waveguide plate 20 due to the rigidity of the actuator section 22 to be in the extinction state.

[0260] The display element 14 using such static electricity.
Also for the display 10 configured by arranging a large number of driving devices, the driving devices 200A to 200A according to the first to sixth embodiments
200F can be applied.

A display 10 to which the driving devices 200A to 200F according to the above-described first to sixth embodiments are applied.
In FIG. 44, the structure of the actuator section 22, in particular, the shape-holding layer 46 has a single-layer structure. However, as shown in FIG. 44, the shape-holding layer 46 has a multi-layer structure, and a pair of electrodes 48a and 48b are provided in each layer. You may make it staggered. In the example of FIG. 44, the column electrodes 4 are formed on the lower surface of the first shape-retaining layer 46a and the upper surface of the second shape-retaining layer 46b.
8b is formed, and the row electrode 48a is formed between the first layer and the second layer. As described above, by forming the pair of electrodes 48a and 48b in a staggered manner by forming the shape retaining layer 46 in multiple layers, the power (displacement force) of the actuator portion 22 can be improved, and the pixel structure 30 (see FIG. 2). ) Can be improved.

By the way, in the driving devices 200A to 200F according to the above-mentioned first to sixth embodiments, as the information for correction stored in the correction data memory 226,
As shown in FIG. 45, a brightness correction table 600 in which brightness correction data for correcting the brightness variation at least for each dot is expanded may be used. In this case, the brightness correction table 600 expanded in the correction data memory 226 and the second reading circuit 234 are used as the brightness correction means 6
02 will function.

Here, the brightness correction function will be described with reference to FIGS. 46 and 47. First, the brightness correction table 600 is created. As a prerequisite for this, the brightness variation of each dot of the display 10 is measured.

Specifically, for all the dots of the display 10, for example, an intermediate level of gray scale (when the gray scale level of 256 is set as full scale, for example, 12
(8 gradation levels) are applied to display, and in this state, for example, the CCD camera measures each brightness of all dots to obtain an actually measured brightness distribution of the display 10.

Thereafter, the measured luminance distribution is smoothed based on the measured luminance values of the respective dots, and the theoretical luminance distribution is obtained. Examples of smoothing processing include averaging processing, least squares method, and higher-order curve approximation.

46 and 47 show the luminance distribution of each dot in the first row, for example. In these figures, ×
The plot shown by is the measured luminance distribution, and the plot shown by is the theoretical luminance distribution.

As shown in FIG. 46, when the variation in the measured luminance value of each dot in the measured luminance distribution is small and the smoothing processing results in a smooth theoretical luminance distribution (see curve B), the luminance correction is performed for all the dots. I do.

Explaining the concrete method of the brightness correction, as shown by dots # 1, # 3, # 4, # 6 in FIG. 46, when the measured brightness value is larger than the theoretical brightness value, it is used as a correction coefficient. A value less than 1 is used to register a correction coefficient, which is: actual brightness value × correction coefficient≈luminance theoretical value, in the brightness correction table 600 as the brightness correction data for the dot.

On the other hand, as shown by dots # 2, # 5, # 7, etc. in FIG. 46, when the measured luminance value is smaller than the theoretical luminance value, 1 is used as the correction coefficient, and the correction coefficient is It is registered in the brightness correction table 600 as brightness correction data. As a result, a more uniform luminance distribution (see curve A) than the actually measured luminance distribution in which x is plotted is obtained.

Depending on the completed display 10, as shown in FIG. 47, the measured luminance value may be locally low. In FIG. 47, the dots # 3 and # 7 are extremely low, and even if the smoothing process is performed as it is, not only the theoretical brightness distribution is not smoothed as shown by the curve C, but also the average brightness is unnecessarily lowered. There is a case to let you.

In such a case, the theoretical luminance distribution having a smooth curve as shown by the curve D is obtained by ignoring the dot whose measured luminance value is extremely low and performing the smoothing process. The specific method of brightness correction is the same as described above.

As described above, by using the brightness correction means 602, it is possible to absorb the brightness variation of each dot in manufacturing and improve the image quality.

Further, in the driving devices 200A to 200F according to the above-described first to sixth embodiments, as the information for correction stored in the correction data memory 226, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 8, a linear correction table 610 in which linear correction data for linearizing the display characteristic with respect to the gradation level of each dot is expanded may be used. In this case, the linear correction table 610 and the second read circuit 234 developed in the correction data memory 226 function as the linear correction means 612.

Here, the linear correction function will be described with reference to FIGS.
This will be described with reference to FIG. 49C. First, the linear correction table 610 is created. As in the case of the above-described brightness correction, the brightness of each dot of the display 10 is measured as a premise.

Specifically, for example, a signal in which the gray scale is increased stepwise is given to all the dots of the display 10 to display, and in this state, for example, a CCD camera is used to display the gray scale level of all the dots. The luminance change characteristic (light emission luminance characteristic) with respect to the change of the tonal level is measured. The number of plots for each dot is determined according to the capacity of the correction data memory 226 and the calculation speed. FIG. 49
A shows the emission luminance characteristic for a certain dot.

Then, based on the measured emission luminance characteristics of each dot, a weighting coefficient for linearizing the emission luminance characteristics of each dot is obtained. FIG. 49B shows the change characteristic of the weighting coefficient corresponding to the emission luminance characteristic of a certain dot.

The weighting factor for each dot is obtained by plotting when obtaining the above-mentioned emission luminance characteristic, and the array of the number of weighting factors corresponding to the number of these plots is a lookup for linearization of the dot. Defined as a table. Then, such a lookup table is obtained for each dot, and the linear correction table 61 is obtained.
It is registered as 0 in the correction data memory 226. In addition,
The weighting factor between plots may be obtained by, for example, linear approximation (polygonal approximation) or the like at the display stage.

Then, in the actual display stage, the first
The input grayscale level of a dot is read through the read circuit 232 of the above, and the second read circuit 234 uses a weighting coefficient or a first-order approximation corresponding to the input grayscale level read from the lookup table for the dot. The obtained weighting coefficient is read out, and the multiplication circuit 236 in the subsequent stage calculates the input gradation data value × weighting coefficient and outputs it as linearized gradation data (see FIG. 49C).

As described above, by using the linear correction means 612, the display characteristic of each dot changes linearly according to the change of the gradation level.
Not only can an accurate image be displayed, but the contrast can be improved and the displayed image can be made sharp.

By the way, when displaying the image of the television signal on the display 10, the following linear correction processing is performed. That is, for example, in the current color television system, gamma correction is performed on the image sending side (sending side) in order to reduce the cost of the receiver. Since this gamma correction is intended only for the cathode ray tube, it has the emission luminance characteristic as shown in FIG. 50A. Therefore, if the image of the television signal that has been gamma-corrected is displayed as it is on the display 10, the resolution of the high-saturation portion of the image is lowered, and the sharpness is lost.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 50B, an array of weighting factors for canceling the gamma correction may be defined as a lookup table for linearization of each dot.

As a result, as shown in FIG. 50C, the display characteristic (display characteristic after gamma correction) with respect to the gradation level in the transmission system (image transmission system) can be linearly corrected. Even when the displayed television signal is displayed, the resolution of the high-saturation portion of the image does not decrease, and the displayed image can be made sharp.

Further, in the driving devices 200A to 200F according to the first to sixth embodiments, as shown in FIG. 51, the light source 16 is set at an arbitrary timing within one frame.
A dimming control unit 640 that switches the power of the above in at least two stages may be provided.

The switching of the power of the light source 16 by the dimming control means 640 may be performed by the light source drive circuit 642 based on the input of the detection signal Sm from the timing generation circuit 284 provided in the signal processing circuit 206. Good. The timing generation circuit 284 detects the power switching timing of the light source 16 based on the synchronization signal Ss supplied from the moving image output device 220.

For example, description will be given based on the driving device 200B according to the second embodiment. In the driving device 200B according to the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 21, one image is displayed. When the period is one frame and one divided period when the one frame is equally divided into 63 pieces is a linear subfield, the signal processing circuit 206
For each dot, dot data is created by continuously allocating a display time corresponding to each gradation level to a required linear subfield.

Therefore, in this example, as shown in FIG. 52A, three linear subfields are added after 63 linear subfields, and the first linear subfield LSF1 to the 63rd linear subfield LSF63 are added.
The power of the light source 16 is 100% during the period up to and the power of the light source 16 is 25% during the period from the 64th linear subfield LSF64 to the 66th linear subfield LSF66.

As a result, even if the display periods of the respective linear subfields are all the same, the first linear subfield LSF1 to the 63rd linear subfield LS are displayed.
Each of the linear subfields up to F63 is 4 of the linear subfields from the 64th linear subfield LSF64 to the 66th linear subfield LSF66.
It will have twice the brightness.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 52B, an ON signal is output to the 64th linear sub-field LSF64 when the gradation level 1 is expressed, and the 64th and the 64th linear subfields LSF64 are expressed when the gradation level 2 is expressed. The ON signal is continuously output to the linear subfields LSF64 and LSF65 of 65. When expressing the gradation 4, the sixth gradation is used.
When the ON signal is output to the linear subfield LSF63 of 3 and the gradation level 5 is expressed, the 63rd and 6th
The ON signal is continuously output to the four linear subfields LSF63 and LSF64. When expressing the gradation level 14, the ON signal is continuously output to the 61st to 65th linear subfields LSF61 to LSF65.

In other words, in this example, 256 linear gradations can be expressed only by adding three linear subfields LSF64 to LSF66.
It is possible to express gradation (0 to 255). In addition, three linear subfields LSF64 to LSF6
Since only 6 is added, there is almost no need to change the display period of one linear subfield with respect to one frame formed of 64 linear subfields, and there is almost no problem of design change. Further, the period when the power of the light source 16 is 25% is 3/6 of one frame.
Since the period is as short as 6, there is almost no decrease in luminance when white display is performed.

In the above example, the 63 linear subfields LSF1 to LSF63 are followed by three linear subfields LSF64 to LSF66 to switch the power of the light source 16 between 100% and 25%.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 53A, of the 63 linear subfields LSF1 to LSF63, the power of the light source 16 is 100% for the first 32 linear subfields LSF1 to LSF32, and the latter 31 linear subfields are 100%. Light source 1 for LSF33 to LSF63
The power of 6 may be 50%.

In this case, even if the display periods of the respective linear subfields are all the same, the respective linear subfields in the first to the 32nd linear subfields LSF1 to LSF32 in the first half are the 33rd to 63rd in the latter half. The linear subfields LSF33 to LSF63 have twice the luminance of each linear subfield.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 53B, an ON signal is output to the 33rd linear subfield LSF33 when expressing the gradation level 1, and a 32nd linear when outputting the gradation level 2. Subfield LSF32
An ON signal will be output to the 3rd linear subfield LS in order to express gradation 3.
ON signal is continuously output to F32 and LSF33,
When expressing the gradation 5, the ON signal is continuously output to the 31st to 33rd linear subfields LSF31 to LSF33.

In other words, in this example, what was previously possible to express only 64 gradations is 96 gradations (0 to 95).
It is possible to express up to. Further, when the power of the light source 16 is set to 100% for all 63 linear subfields LSF1 to LSF63, the power of the light source 16 is 100% even when low-level gradation expression is performed. In this example, the power of the light source 16 is 50%.
Since the period of 1 comes in at an arbitrary timing, low power consumption can be realized.

Also, in this example, the image memory 22
The average luminance of the image of the next frame accumulated in 2 is analyzed, and if the image has a high average luminance, the power of the light source 16 is fixed to 100% in the next frame and 63 linear subfields are fixed. Grayscale expression may be performed using LSF1 to LSF63. In this case, it is possible to prevent the brightness from being reduced as a whole.

As the light source 16, a high-speed cold cathode tube (rise speed within 0.1 ms) or L having excellent response characteristics is used.
An ED (rise speed within 20 ns) or a fluorescent tube in which a carbon nanotube-field emitter is arranged at the cathode can be used.

Next, in the driving devices 200A to 200F according to the first to sixth embodiments, the following driving method may be incorporated.

First, for example, the normal driving by the driving device 200B according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4A, when looking at one dot,
A period for outputting the OFF signal and a period for outputting the ON signal are determined according to the gradation level of the dot.

In the period in which the OFF signal is to be output, for example, 0 V is applied to the column electrode 48b as shown in FIG. 54A, and 55 V (fixed) is applied to the row electrode 48a as shown in FIG. 54B, respectively. As shown in FIG. 54C, the potential difference of 55 V is applied to the dot, resulting in the extinction state. Then, at the time when the period in which the ON signal should be output is approached, as shown in FIG. 54A, for example, a maximum of 60 V is applied to the column electrode 48 b,
As shown in B, 55V (fixed) is applied to the row electrode 48a, respectively, and as shown in FIG. 54C, the potential difference of −5V is applied to the dot, so that the dot is in a light emitting state.

In this normal operation, since the gradation is expressed from the start point of one frame for each dot, it is necessary to sufficiently separate the pixel structure 30 from the optical waveguide plate 20 at the start point of the frame. Due to the slow response of the pixel assembly 30 during separation, or over time
The separation property of 0 is impaired, the response at the time of separation of the pixel structure 30 is delayed, and in the worst case, the pixel structure 30 may not be separated while being stuck to the optical waveguide plate 20. .

55A and 55B show the experimental results of measuring the light emission characteristics of the dots 26 in the normal operation. In this experiment, the intensity change (Ld) of the light scattered from the dot 26 is measured by measuring the waveform of the voltage Vc applied to the dot 26 (see FIG. 55A).
It is measured with a diode (APD). Figure 55B
From this, it can be seen that this light emission characteristic slowly goes to the off state from the start of one frame, and the off response is slow within one frame.

In order to prevent this, when the voltage to be applied to the row electrode 48a is set to, for example, 100 V, in order to realize the light emitting state during the output period of the ON signal, the voltage is applied to the column electrode 48b during the ON signal period. The voltage to be used must be 105V. In this case, it is necessary to increase the withstand voltage of the driver IC 210B, and the driver IC 210B is correspondingly large and expensive.

Therefore, in this example, as shown in FIGS. 56A to 56C, the first predetermined period of one frame (preparation period T
In p), a voltage (separation voltage) for surely separating all dots is applied. As for this preparation period Tp,
Entire frame (for example, 1 / 60Hz = 16.7ms)
Is assigned a time (for example, 1 msec) that has little effect on the emission brightness.

Then, for example, at the time when one frame starts, the preparation period Tp is entered, and as shown in FIG. 56A, for example, 0 V is applied to the column electrodes 48b of all dots, and as shown in FIG. 56B, the separation voltage is applied to the row electrodes 48a. For example, 100 V or more is applied to each dot, and the potential difference of 100 V or more is applied to all the dots as shown in FIG. 56C. As a result, all dots are surely turned off at the start of one frame, and the separation characteristics of the pixel structure 30 can be improved with almost no additional parts, and the yield of the display 10 can be improved. You can

FIGS. 57A and 57B show the experimental results of measuring the emission characteristics of the dots 26 when the preparation period is provided. Also in this experiment, the applied voltage V to a certain dot 26
The intensity change (Ld) of the light scattered from the dot 26 is measured by an avalanche photodiode (APD) while measuring the waveform of c (see FIG. 57A). From FIG. 57B, it can be seen that this light emission characteristic steeply changes to the off state from the start of one frame, and the off response within one frame is very fast.

Since the isolation voltage applied during the preparation period Tp is generated by the row driver, the driver IC 210B
A voltage equal to or higher than the withstand voltage, that is, a voltage that sufficiently displaces the pixel structure 30 in the separation direction can be set. Therefore, it is not necessary to change the driver IC 210B.

The row electrode drive circuit 202 is a circuit that can commonly drive all dots, as shown in FIG. 58, for example, and can be realized easily and at low cost. Fig. 58
The operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 6 will be briefly described. During the preparation period Tp, the first input terminal 620 receives the high-level signal
The low-level signals are input to the input terminals 622 of the. As a result, the first photocoupler 624 is turned on and the second photocoupler 626 is turned off, and a high level signal is applied to each gate of the CMOS transistor 628 in the subsequent stage. As a result, the NMOS transistor Tr
1 is turned on, and a high level signal (1
00V) will be output.

[0307] On the other hand, in the periods other than the preparation period Tp, the first
Input signal 620 of the low level signal, the second input terminal 62
A high level signal is input to each of the two. This allows
The first photocoupler 624 is turned off and the second photocoupler 626 is turned on, and a low level signal is applied to each gate of the CMOS transistor 628 in the subsequent stage. As a result, the PMOS transistor Tr2 is turned on and the output A low level signal (55V) is output from the terminal 630.

Furthermore, the subfield drive shown by the driving devices 200A, 200C and 200E according to the above-mentioned first, third and fifth embodiments and the driving device according to the second, fourth and sixth embodiments. In the linear sub-field driving indicated by 200B, 200D, and 200F, the number of gray scales that can be expressed can be increased by adding multi-gradation by image processing (for example, error diffusion method or dither method).

Further, each dot is fixed in the ON state or the OFF state by using only the gradation expression by the image processing without using the subfield driving or the linear subfield driving as described above. Still images with low power can be displayed, which is suitable for use in electronic posters, for example. In this case, it is sufficient to drive the displacement of the dots only when the displayed still image is rewritten to another image, so that the power consumption can be significantly reduced.

Further, depending on the display pattern, there may be a case where a region for displaying a certain still image and a region for displaying a moving image are mixed, and in order to correspond to such a display pattern, the display controller is adapted to a moving image. By preparing two circuits, a circuit system (sub-field drive or linear sub-field drive) and a still-image-compatible circuit system (only gradation expression by image processing), mixed power consumption for video / still image display is greatly increased. It can be held down.

These display forms are suitable for displaying advertisements for distributing contents (digital contents and analog contents) from a terrestrial wave, the Internet, a telephone line, a satellite or a central station in a cable television.

Especially when the Internet is used, it is preferable that the compressed still image or moving image file is distributed from the content distribution central station. The file distributed from the central station is decompressed on the display side connected to the Internet and becomes display data. in this case,
A compressed file decoder circuit may be provided before the image data processing circuit 224. Further, the display side (content receiving side) may be provided with an external storage device such as a hard disk to store the image content, and the image content may be read from the external storage device at the time of display. In this case, the content distributed from the central station can be temporarily stored in the external storage device on the display side.

By connecting a plurality of displays and a centralized station via the Internet or the like by such a method, the centralized station centrally manages the optimal display of contents according to the display installation location, time zone, etc. You can

Here, one mode of use (display system according to the first embodiment) for realizing the above-mentioned function
Will be described with reference to FIG.

The display system according to the first embodiment, as shown in FIG.
As 22, a still image frame buffer 700 and a moving image frame buffer 702 are installed. Then, for example, an interface circuit 706 that receives various data from the network 704 and outputs the data to a circuit system in a subsequent stage, and a file related to an image (still image file or moving image file) and control data from the data output from the interface circuit 706. Data separation circuit 708 for separating into
And based on the control data from the data separation circuit 708, the display controller 228 is controlled for each display element 14 unit (control corresponding to a still image and control corresponding to a moving image).
And an image data processing circuit 22 for controlling the output
This can be realized by providing a compressed file decoder circuit 712 which is installed in the preceding stage of No. 4 and which decompresses a file relating to a compressed image and restores it to still image data and moving image data.

As a result, the data received by the interface circuit 706 from the central station 714 via the network 704 is separated by the data separation circuit 708 into the file relating to the image and the control data, and the compressed file decoder circuit 712 and the output respectively. It is supplied to the control circuit 710.

The compressed file decoder circuit 712 decompresses the file relating to the supplied image and restores it to still image data and moving image data, and the image data processing circuit 224 in the subsequent stage.
Output to. The image data processing circuit 224 stores the restored still image data in the still image frame buffer 700, and stores the moving image data in the moving image frame buffer 702.

On the other hand, the output control circuit 710 controls the display controller 228 based on the control data from the data separation circuit 708. Here, as the control data, for example, address data of the display element 14 that displays a still image or the like can be used. The output control circuit 710 separates the first and second read circuits 232 and 234 and the data transfer unit 230 in the display controller 228 into a still image and a moving image based on the control data.

As a result, the still image data is read out from the still image frame buffer 700 by the circuit system of the display controller 228 allocated for the still image, and is read through the plurality of display elements 14 indicated by the address data. A still image is displayed, and the video data is read from the video frame buffer 702 by the circuit system allocated for the video, and the video is displayed through the plurality of display elements 14 other than the plurality of display elements 14 indicated by the address data. Will be displayed.

Furthermore, in the display system according to the second embodiment, the power supply current or the like is monitored in each display 10, and the result is periodically sent to the central station 714 as status information of the display 10. You may make it transmit.

In this case, as shown in FIG.
It is realized by providing a monitoring circuit 720 in 08 and an interface circuit 706 for transmitting the output as status information. As a result, it becomes possible to manage whether or not the plurality of displays 10 at remote locations are out of order from the central station 714.

Next, the display system according to the third embodiment is to correct a decrease in brightness due to a change over time. In other words, when the display is driven for a long time, the on-characteristics of the dots (characteristic in which the pixel structure 30 comes into contact with the one main surface of the optical waveguide plate 20) deteriorates with the lapse of time, and the display brightness is lowered. May cause a decline. In order to prevent this, the on-voltage of the dots is made small (the absolute value is made large), whereby the display brightness can be maintained at a level substantially similar to that at the initial stage.

As a concrete circuit configuration, as shown in FIG. 61, various voltage generation systems installed in the power supply unit 208 (a row voltage generation system 722 for generating a row voltage applied to the row electrode 48a, a column) An on-voltage generation system 724 that generates an on-voltage applied to the electrode 48b and the column electrode 4
Off-voltage generation system 7 for generating off-voltage applied to 8b
26), for example, in the on-voltage generation system 724,
Allows variable voltage generation. The example of FIG. 61 shows an example in which a variable resistor 728 is provided. Then, the power supply unit 208
Of the interface circuit 706 that receives the information about the voltage change from the centralized station 714 in the preceding stage, and the variable resistor 72 based on the information from the interface circuit 706.
And a voltage control circuit 730 for controlling the ON voltage to set the ON voltage to a desired voltage.

Then, in the factory, the central station 714 manages the result of measurement performed by the display 10 used for monitoring the decrease in brightness, and the display 1 installed in each area.
The information about the voltage change is displayed on the network 70 for the display 10 corresponding to the time when the brightness is decreased.
4 via. On the display 10 side, the information from the centralized station 714 is received via the interface circuit 706, and the ON voltage generated by the ON voltage generation system 724 is changed to a desired voltage.

For example, at the time of installation, the low voltage is 5
When 0V and the ON voltage are 50V, 0V is applied to the dots to be turned ON. Then, when the luminance starts to decrease due to the change over time, the information on the voltage change is supplied to change the ON voltage to, for example, 52V. As a result, 0V is applied to the dots that should be turned on.
A lower voltage of −2 V is applied, and the pixel structure 30 is further displaced toward the optical waveguide plate 20, which improves the on-state brightness.

When the luminance further decreases with the lapse of time, the voltage change information is supplied again to change the ON voltage to, for example, 54V. As a result, −4V, which is lower than 0V, is applied to the dots to be turned on, and the pixel structure 30 is further displaced toward the optical waveguide plate 20, and the brightness at the time of turning on is improved.

[0327] In the above-described usage pattern, the display 10 for monitoring in the factory is used to determine the time when the brightness is reduced, but in addition, the brightness is reduced by the manager of the site using e-mail or telephone. It is also preferable to employ a method of informing the user that the voltage is being changed, and transmitting information on the voltage change from the central station 714 to the display 10 based on the notification of the decrease in brightness.

In the above-mentioned example, an example in which the network 704 is used for remote control is shown, but it goes without saying that the display 10 itself may be provided with the function of changing the voltage. For example, in a plurality of registers installed in the voltage control circuit 730, time information indicating a time when the brightness is reduced and a voltage value supplied to the variable resistor 728 are stored in advance, and the voltage control circuit 730 is provided in the preceding stage. When the time information from the connected timer 732 (see FIG. 61) matches one of the time information in the register, the variable resistor 728 is controlled by the voltage value stored in the register to set the desired ON voltage. By doing so, it is possible to suppress a decrease in brightness.

In addition, as another example, a plurality of display elements 1
4, a dummy actuator unit 22 is built in the display elements 14 arranged around the display screen, and the displacement state of the actuator unit 22 is detected by a sensor (strain gauge or the like), and the dummy actuator unit 22 is detected. It is to determine whether or not the brightness is reduced based on the displacement of the part 22 during the on-operation.

As a method of this determination, as shown in FIG. 62, a group 734 of a large number of dummy actuator sections 22 is used.
The detection signals output from the respective sensors are supplied to the light emission brightness calculation unit 736, and the light emission brightness calculation unit 736 causes the brightness of the entire display screen to be approximately calculated from the bundle of the detection signals. On the other hand, the threshold value is stored in the register in the voltage control circuit 730. Then, the voltage control circuit 7
Reference numeral 30 controls the variable resistor 728 of the on-voltage generation system 724 to determine that the overall on-chip brightness has dropped when the approximate value from the light-emission brightness calculation section 736 has dropped below the threshold value, and the desired on-voltage. To Thereby, the emission brightness can be maintained in the initial state.

As another example, as shown in FIG. 63, a line sensor 740 that moves the display surface of the display 10 left and right is installed, and the line sensor 740 is periodically displayed while displaying white on the display 10. Drive,
A method of detecting the emission brightness with the line sensor 740 is also preferably adopted.

Also in this case, the image pickup signals sequentially output from the line sensor 740 are supplied to the light emission luminance calculation section 736,
The emission brightness calculation unit 736 calculates the brightness of the entire display screen based on the image pickup signals continuously supplied. A threshold value is stored in a register in the voltage control circuit 730, and when the calculated value from the light emission brightness calculation unit 736 is lower than the threshold value, it is considered that the overall brightness is decreased and the on-voltage is decreased. The variable resistor 728 of the generation system 724 is controlled to a desired ON voltage. Thereby, the emission brightness can be maintained in the initial state.

In the above example, the brightness correction is performed by controlling the ON voltage applied to the column electrode 48b, but the brightness correction can also be realized by controlling the light source 16 ( Display system according to the fourth embodiment).

When a cold cathode tube or the like is used as the light source 16, as shown in FIG. 64, a plurality of cold cathode tubes 74 are provided.
One light source 16 can be constructed by bundling the two and installing them in a reflector (not shown). In this case, in addition to the specified number (for example, 12) of cold cathode tubes 742A,
A plurality of (for example, four) spare cold cathode tubes 724B are installed, and switches Sw1, Sw2, ..., Swn are inserted and connected between the spare cold cathode tubes 724B and the power source 744, respectively. Then, the current of the light source 16 is changed to the current detecting means 7
46, and determines whether or not the amount of light emitted from the light source 16 has decreased based on the current value from the current detection means 746. If the amount has decreased, the switching control circuit 74
8, the switches corresponding to a predetermined number (for example, one) of the cold cathode tubes 742B among the spare cold cathode tubes 742B are turned on to increase the light amount.

Of course, the brightness correction by the light source 16 may employ the following method. First, the manager of the site reports that the brightness is low, and based on this report, the centralized station 714 sends information for brightness correction via the network 704.
The corresponding display 10 is the interface circuit 7
The information is received through 06 and supplied to the switching control circuit 748. Switching control circuit 748
Is a spare cold cathode tube 742B based on the supplied information.
Among them, a switch corresponding to a predetermined number (for example, one) of cold cathode tubes 742B is turned on. As a result, the light amount of the light source 16 is increased and the brightness is improved.

By the way, it is known that the fading of the fluorescent pigment of the color filter progresses with the lapse of use time, and in particular, the fading of the blue color filter progresses. Therefore, at least one cold-cathode tube that emits blue light is installed as a spare cold-cathode tube 742B, and the spare blue cold-cathode tube is installed based on the notification from the site that the color has faded. You may make it light.

In addition to the selective lighting of the spare cold cathode fluorescent lamp 742B, the output of the fan 750 for cooling the light source 16 may be adjusted. As a result, it is possible to suppress a rapid temperature change, enable long-term use, and suppress uneven brightness due to temperature change. In this case, as shown in FIG. 64, for example, a fan drive control circuit 752 that controls the drive of the fan 750 based on information about selective lighting from the interface circuit 706 may be provided.

In the above-mentioned example, the case where the brightness adjustment is performed by controlling the peripheral devices of the display controller 228 is shown. In addition, as shown in FIG. 65, the correction data memory 226 of the display controller 228 is logically stored. By changing the value in the brightness correction table 600 that is assigned to
The brightness may be adjusted (display system according to the fifth embodiment).

In this case, as shown in FIG. 65, when the brightness of a certain display 10 decreases, for example, the central station 7
14 to the display 10, a group of brightness correction values to be used when the brightness is lowered is displayed on the network 70.
4 via. The display 10 receives the correction value from the central station 714 through the interface circuit 706. The latter table creation unit 760
Creates a new brightness correction table based on the received correction value and overwrites the brightness correction table 600 stored in the correction data memory 226.

The various brightness correction values from the new brightness correction table 600 cause each dot to operate so as to suppress the decrease in brightness, so that the display brightness can be maintained at the same level as in the initial stage.

In the method of overwriting the brightness correction table 600, in addition to the supply from the central station 714, as in FIG. 61, the table creating section 760 creates a new brightness correction table 600 based on the time information from the timer 732. 62 or 63, the table creation unit 760 may be created based on the calculated value output from the group 734 of the dummy actuator units 22 or the line sensor 740 through the light emission brightness calculation unit 736. Alternatively, a new brightness correction table 600 may be created.

The rewriting of the brightness correction table 600 can be used not only as a means for compensating for a decrease in brightness but also for any white balance due to fading. For example, when blue has faded, the white balance can be maintained at almost the same level as in the initial stage by rewriting the brightness correction coefficient so as to improve the brightness level of only blue.

In this way, the second to third shown in FIGS.
By adopting the display system according to the fifth embodiment, it becomes possible to automatically perform maintenance on the display 10 using the network 704 or by self-diagnosis. Usually a large number of display elements 1
In the maintenance of the display 10 in which 4 is arranged, even for a simple work, a maintenance worker rushes to the site to repair the work. Therefore, the cost for maintenance becomes enormous, which is not good for the spread of the display 10.

However, if the display systems according to the second to fifth embodiments described above are adopted, simple maintenance work such as brightness adjustment can be automatically performed.
It is possible to significantly reduce maintenance costs. In addition, even with one brightness adjustment, a fine maintenance service can be provided by setting a maintenance fee according to various usage patterns, which can contribute to the spread of the display 10.

By the way, the display 10 according to the present embodiment has a wide viewing angle of about 180 ° due to the principle that scattered light is generated from the light guide plate 12. Moreover,
A wide viewing angle can be obtained with almost no decrease in brightness.

Here, one experimental example is shown. In this experimental example, the luminance value at the viewing angle θ was measured for each of the example and the comparative example. As shown in FIG. 66, the luminance measurement is performed by a luminance meter 800 measuring a certain area on the display surface 12a of the display using the viewing angle θ as a parameter. The example has the same configuration as the display 10 according to the present embodiment, and the comparative example is a normal C
It is RT.

As shown in FIG. 66, the area 802 measured by the luminance meter 800 increases as the viewing angle θ increases. Therefore, assuming that the measured value of the luminance meter 800 is Ka [cd / m ² ] for the luminance value at the viewing angle θ, the corrected luminance value dKa for which the measurement area is constant is Ka × sin (90 ° − | θ
|).

FIG. 67 shows the measurement results. FIG. 67 is a plot of the corrected luminance value dKa, but the example (shown by ■) has a wide viewing angle of approximately 180 °, and is almost equal to the comparative example (shown by ●). It can be seen that a wide viewing angle is obtained without the brightness decreasing.

The actuator section 18 has a displacement characteristic as shown in FIG. 68 with respect to the applied voltage. Here, the positive direction of the displacement corresponds to the separating direction of the pixel structure 30. The response characteristics of the actuator section 18 are shown in FIGS. 69A and 69B. 69A shows the actuator section 18
Shows the voltage waveform to be applied to the
It is controlled so that it rises to 60V and then falls from 60V to 0V. At this time, the rise time and the fall time are both set to 5 μsec.

FIG. 69B shows changes in the displacement of the actuator portion 18 with respect to the applied voltage. It can be seen that the actuator is displaced downward by about 2 μm when the applied voltage reaches 60V.

From the displacement characteristics of the actuator section 18 shown in FIG. 68, the displacement of the wavelength of visible light or more is realized by the withstand voltage of the driver IC of the LCD or the fluorescent display tube, whereby the ON / OFF operation of the pixel structure 30 is performed. It can be seen that is achieved.

Further, it can be seen from the response characteristics of FIGS. 69A and 69B that full color of 256 gradations or more for each color can be achieved only by time gradation.

Also, the display 1 according to the present embodiment
0, as shown in FIG. 70, the large-sized light guide plate 12
On the other hand, since it is a so-called split panel type display configured by bonding a large number of display elements 14, the screen size, aspect ratio, shape, resolution, etc. can be freely designed.

The thickness of the display 10 is as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, since it is dominated by the thickness Lt of the light guide plate 12 (for example, an acrylic plate) larger than the thickness of the display element 14, it is possible to configure a thin large-screen display. For example, an 80-inch display has a thickness of 1
It is possible to realize 0 to 13 cm.

Also, the display 1 according to the present embodiment
In No. 0, for example, by forming the pixel structure 30 with a coloring material composed of a pigment, a dyeing, a fluorescent pigment, or a combination thereof by thick film printing, all the displays attached at low cost to the light guide plate. It is possible to have uniform chromaticity over the element 14.

If, for example, white pixels are formed in addition to the three primary colors of red, green, and blue, it is suitable for displaying characters with high brightness. Also, other colors can be formed.

As shown in FIG. 71, the chromaticity characteristic of the display 10 according to the present embodiment has a characteristic equivalent to that of a CRT. 71, the solid line shows the chromaticity characteristics of the display 10 according to the present embodiment, and the broken line shows the CRT.
, The one-dot chain line shows the chromaticity characteristics according to the NTSC standard, and the two-dot chain line shows CIE.

The display 10 having a large number of display elements 14 arranged therein is suitable for use as, for example, a message display board installed in a storefront of a retail store or in a vending machine.

That is, the current display board uses a display in which a large number of LEDs are arranged, but in this case, it is necessary to create display data by a dedicated interface and dedicated software. The reason is that the display in which a large number of LEDs are arranged has a low resolution, and therefore, for example, when displaying a character, the LE that should light up the character data.
This is because it is necessary to edit the data structure to specify D one by one.

Moreover, in the case of the LED, if the resolution is increased, the LED chip is required correspondingly, and there is a problem that it becomes expensive.

Further, the conventional dot pitch of 6 to 9 mm L
The ED display is capable of displaying characters and simple designs, but is not capable of various displays including computer graphics and complicated designs, and a control unit and pixel for connecting to a dedicated interface. There is a problem that memory is required.

On the other hand, the display 1 according to the present embodiment
In No. 0, the actuator portion 18 is integrally formed on the actuator substrate 32, and the pixel structure 30 corresponding to each color is also integrally formed by printing. Therefore, for example, a high resolution display with a dot pitch of 2 to 3 mm is displayed. The screen can be manufactured at low cost. Furthermore, D of personal computer
The message created by TP software can be taken in as it is, and dedicated software is not required. That is, a general-purpose PC interface is sufficient.

Since the display 10 according to the present embodiment is a so-called split panel type display in which a large number of display elements 14 are arranged, the following configuration examples and usage forms are possible.

First, as shown in FIG. 72, the first structural example is a display 90 which is long and thin in the horizontal direction or in the vertical direction.
This is an example of 0. As a usage pattern using the display 900, the display 900 is installed on, for example, a wall of a passage, and a sensor for detecting passage of a person is also installed.

Then, a sensor detects that a person is passing by the display 900, and a message such as an advertisement is scroll-displayed according to the traveling direction of the person. As a result, the message displayed on the display 900 follows the person's progress.

Next, the second structural example is an example in which a large number of display elements 14 are attached to the large-sized light guide plate 12 in various combinations as shown in FIG. In the example of FIG. 73, a horizontally long display block 902 configured by combining a large number of display elements 14 and a wide display block 90 of, for example, 16: 9 by combining a large number of display elements 14 are provided.
An example in which 4 is attached to a large light guide plate 12 is shown. In addition,
You may make it fit the small horizontal display block 906 comprised by combining several tens of displays in the arbitrary positions of the wide type display block 904.

The horizontally long display block 90
2 or a small horizontal display block 906 is used as, for example, a monochrome (for example, white) message display area, and a wide display block 904 is used as, for example, a high-definition color moving image display area.

In this case, the horizontally long display block 9
02 and a small horizontal display block 906, white pixels have high luminous efficiency, and thus sufficient brightness can be obtained even by row scanning. Therefore, it suffices to incorporate a 1 / (row scanning number) driver IC, and the interface is RS-422 or 485 or LAN is JPEG.
The still image may be displayed. Further, when high definition is not required, the pixel size may be increased.

On the other hand, wide type display block 90
4 displays a high-definition moving image, so that the drive devices 200A to 20A according to the above-described first to sixth embodiments are displayed.
0F may be used. In this case, as the interface, an interface corresponding to a video signal or an RGB signal can be used, and a moving image based on MPEG may be displayed on the LAN.

[0370] The small horizontally long display block 9
Instead of 06, a simple display board (for example, a board on which the logo of the advertiser or the like is displayed) may be attached.

Conventionally, in order to obtain a message display area and a moving image area on one large screen display, an LED display for character display, a high-definition color moving picture PDP and a fixed message signboard are combined. Although it was necessary, in the second configuration example, a display having both a message display area and a moving image area can be easily manufactured by combining a large number of display elements 14 in various forms.

In the so-called split panel type display, which is constituted by laminating a large number of display elements 14 to a large-sized light guide plate 12, like the display 10 according to the present embodiment, it is attached to the light guide plate 12. Since the number of display elements 14 and the bonding position can be freely designed, the size, aspect ratio, shape, etc. of the display 10 can be freely designed.

In the above example, as shown in FIG.
Although an example in which the light guide plate 12 whose main surface is a flat plate is used as the light guide plate 12 is shown, a light guide plate whose main surface has a curved surface may be used.

When such a wave guide plate is used, it is possible to comply with the shape standard of the display mainly including the installation space or the curved surface. For example, a curved surface is required for a large-screen display that displays an astronomical object with a planetarium, but it is possible to support such a display. In this case, it is necessary to control the incident angle so that the light incident from the end surface of the light guide plate does not leak from the curved main surface.

By the way, if the display principle of the display 10 according to the present embodiment is used, the optical output is turned on as it is.
An optical switch that turns on / off and selectively outputs light can be configured. That is, an optical waveguide that functions as an optical waveguide that introduces light and that transmits without leakage, and a number of actuators that are provided so as to face one of the optical waveguides and that correspond to one or many optical switch contacts. A drive section in which the sections are arranged, and controls the displacement operation of the actuator section in the contact / separation direction with respect to the optical waveguide in accordance with an input optical switch control signal to control a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide. ON / O of optical output by controlling leakage light
It is possible to configure an FF and an optical switch that selectively extracts light only to a specific output.

The display system and the display management method according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it goes without saying that various configurations can be adopted without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[0377]

As described above, according to the display system and the display management method of the present invention, it is possible to perform a mixed display of a still image and a moving image.

Further, maintenance or the like for a single large-screen display or a plurality of large-screen displays can be easily performed through, for example, a network or the like, which can contribute to widespread use of large-screen displays.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of a display to which a display system according to this embodiment is applied.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a display element.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a pixel configuration of a display element.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a first configuration example of an actuator section and a pixel assembly.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a planar shape of a pair of electrodes formed in the actuator portion.

FIG. 6A is an explanatory diagram showing one example in which the comb teeth of a pair of electrodes are arranged along the major axis of the shape-retaining layer, and FIG. 6B is an explanatory diagram showing another example.

FIG. 7A is an explanatory diagram showing one example in which comb teeth of a pair of electrodes are arranged along the minor axis of the shape-retaining layer, and FIG. 7B is an explanatory diagram showing another example.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration of the display element.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a second configuration example of the actuator section and the pixel assembly.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a third configuration example of the actuator section and the pixel assembly.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth configuration example of the actuator portion and the pixel assembly.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration in which a crosspiece is formed on each of four sides of the pixel structure.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing another configuration of the crosspiece.

FIG. 14 is a table showing the relationship between the offset potential (bias potential) output from the row electrode drive circuit, the on-signal and off-signal potentials output from the column electrode drive circuit, and the voltage applied between the row electrode and the column electrode. It is a figure.

FIG. 15 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a driving device according to first and second embodiments.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a driver IC in the column electrode drive circuit of the drive device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example in which one frame is divided into a plurality of subfields in order to explain the gradation control in the driving device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a signal processing circuit in the drive device according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 19 shows another relationship between the offset potential (bias potential) output from the row electrode drive circuit, the on-signal and off-signal potentials output from the column electrode drive circuit, and the voltage applied between the row electrode and the column electrode. It is a table figure which shows an example.

FIG. 20 is still another relationship between the offset potential (bias potential) output from the row electrode drive circuit, the potentials of the ON signal and the OFF signal output from the column electrode drive circuit, and the voltage applied between the row electrode and the column electrode. It is a table showing the example of.

FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example in which one frame is equally divided into a plurality of linear subfields in order to explain the gradation control in the driving device according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 22A is a dot data created by the driving device according to the second embodiment, in which the gradation level is 62;
22B is an explanatory diagram showing a bit arrangement in the case of, and FIG. 22B is an explanatory diagram showing a bit arrangement in the case where the gradation level is 8 similarly.

FIG. 23 is a block diagram showing a signal processing circuit in the drive device according to the second and fourth embodiments.

FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a driver IC used in the drive device according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a data transfer unit used in the drive device according to the second embodiment.

FIG. 26 is an explanatory diagram showing data division in the first data output circuit.

FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram showing a data transfer form from the first data output circuit to the second data output circuit.

FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a drive device according to third and fourth embodiments.

FIG. 29 illustrates an example in which one frame is divided into two fields and one field is further divided into a plurality of subfields in order to describe grayscale control in the driving device according to the third embodiment. FIG.

FIG. 30 is a block diagram showing a signal processing circuit in the drive device according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 31 shows the relationship between the potentials of the selection signal and the non-selection signal output from the row electrode drive circuit, the potentials of the ON signal and the OFF signal output from the column electrode drive circuit, and the voltage applied between the row electrode and the column electrode. FIG.

FIG. 32 is a view showing the relationship between the potentials of the selection signal and the non-selection signal output from the row electrode drive circuit, the potentials of the ON signal and the OFF signal output from the column electrode drive circuit, and the voltage applied between the row electrode and the column electrode. It is a table showing the example of.

FIG. 33 is a diagram showing the relationship between the potentials of the selection signal and the non-selection signal output from the row electrode drive circuit, the potentials of the ON signal and the OFF signal output from the column electrode drive circuit, and the voltage applied between the row electrode and the column electrode. It is a table figure which shows another example.

FIG. 34 is a view showing a gray scale control in the driving device according to the fourth embodiment, in particular, one frame is divided into two fields, and one field is further divided into a plurality of linear subfields. It is a figure which shows an example.

FIG. 35 is a block diagram showing a signal processing circuit in the drive device according to the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 36 is an explanatory diagram showing a pixel configuration of a display element to which the driving device according to the fifth embodiment is applied.

FIG. 37 is an example in which one frame is divided into three fields, and one field is further divided into a plurality of subfields, in order to describe gradation control in the driving device according to the fifth embodiment. FIG.

FIG. 38 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a driving device according to fifth and sixth embodiments.

FIG. 39 is a block diagram showing a signal processing circuit in the drive device according to the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 40 is a diagram for explaining gradation control in the driving device according to the sixth embodiment, in which one frame is divided into three fields, and one field is further divided into a plurality of linear subfields. It is a figure which shows an example.

FIG. 41 is a block diagram showing a signal processing circuit in the drive device according to the sixth embodiment.

42A is a cross-sectional view showing a case of a light emitting state in an example of a display element using static electricity, and FIG. 42B is a cross-sectional view showing a case of its extinction state.

43A is a cross-sectional view showing a case of a light emitting state in another example of a display element using static electricity, FIG.
FIG. 43B is a sectional view showing the case of the extinction state.

FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional view showing another configuration of the actuator section.

FIG. 45 is a block diagram illustrating a brightness correction unit.

FIG. 46 is a characteristic diagram showing an example of the luminance distribution of each dot.

FIG. 47 is a characteristic diagram showing another example of the luminance distribution of each dot.

FIG. 48 is a block diagram for explaining a linear correction unit.

FIG. 49A is a diagram showing a light emission luminance characteristic of a certain dot, FIG. 49B is a characteristic diagram showing a weighting coefficient for linearizing the light emission luminance characteristic, and FIG. 49C is a diagram after linearization. FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing a light emission luminance distribution of FIG.

50A is a diagram showing a light emission luminance characteristic of a television signal subjected to gamma correction, and FIG. 50B is a characteristic diagram showing a weighting coefficient for canceling the gamma correction.
0C is a characteristic diagram showing the emission luminance distribution after being linearized.

FIG. 51 is a block diagram illustrating a dimming control unit.

52A is a timing chart showing an example of a light source switching timing, and FIG. 52B is a timing chart showing an example of a combination of linear subfields selected according to a gradation level.

53A is a timing chart showing another example of light source switching timing, and FIG. 53B is a timing chart showing another example of a combination of linear subfields selected according to a gradation level.

54A is a waveform diagram showing a signal applied to a column electrode in normal driving, FIG. 54A is a waveform diagram showing a signal applied to a row electrode, and FIG. 54C is applied to a dot. It is a wave form diagram which shows a voltage.

FIG. 55A is a diagram showing an applied voltage waveform in a normal operation, and FIG. 55B is a diagram showing a light intensity distribution thereof.

56A is a waveform diagram showing a signal applied to a column electrode when a preparation period is provided, and FIG.
A is a waveform diagram showing a signal applied to a row electrode, and FIG. 56C is a waveform diagram showing a voltage applied to a dot.

FIG. 57A is a diagram showing an applied voltage waveform when a preparation period is provided, and FIG. 57B is a diagram showing a light intensity distribution thereof.

FIG. 58 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit used in a row electrode drive circuit.

FIG. 59 is a block diagram showing a display system according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 60 is a block diagram showing a display system according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 61 is a block diagram showing a display system according to a third embodiment.

FIG. 62 is a block diagram showing a first modification of the display system according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 63 is a block diagram showing a second modification of the display system according to the third embodiment.

FIG. 64 is a block diagram showing a display system according to a fourth embodiment.

FIG. 65 is a block diagram showing a display system according to a fifth embodiment.

FIG. 66 is a diagram showing a relationship between an area measured by a luminance meter and a viewing angle.

FIG. 67 is a characteristic diagram showing a result of measuring a relative luminance value with respect to a viewing angle.

FIG. 68 is a characteristic diagram showing displacement characteristics of the actuator section.

69A is a diagram showing a voltage waveform applied to the actuator part, and FIG. 69B is a diagram showing displacement characteristics of the actuator part with respect to an applied voltage.

FIG. 70 is a perspective view showing a split panel type display with a part thereof omitted.

71 is a diagram showing chromaticity characteristics of the display according to the present embodiment. FIG.

FIG. 72 is a first view of a split panel display.
It is explanatory drawing which shows the structural example of.

[FIG. 73] Second display in a split panel system
It is explanatory drawing which shows the structural example of.

FIG. 74 is a configuration diagram showing a display device according to a proposal example.

FIG. 75 is a block diagram showing a peripheral circuit of a display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Display 12 ... Light guide plate 14 ... Display element 16 ... Light source 18 ... Light 20 ... Optical waveguide plate 22 ... Actuator part 24 ... Drive part 30 ... Pixel structure 32 ... Actuator substrate 38 ... Vibrating part 40 ... Fixed part 46 ... Shape Holding layer 48a ... Row electrode 48b ... Column electrode 62 ... Scattered light 70 ... Wiring 72 ... Data line 74 ... Common wiring 76 ... Varistors 200A to 200F ... Driving device 202 ... Row electrode driving circuit 204 ... Column electrode driving circuit 206 ... Signal processing Circuit 208 ... Power supply unit 210 ... Driver output 220 ... Video output device 222 ... Image memory 224 ... Image data processing circuit 226 ... Correction data memory 228 ... Display controller 230 ... Data transfer unit 250 ... First shift register 252 ... Second Shift register 260 ... shift register 262 ... output circuit 270 ... 1 data output circuit 272 ... second data output circuit 280 ... first driver 282 ... second driver 290 ... transparent electrode 600 ... luminance correction table 602 ... luminance correction means 610 ... linear correction table 612 ... linear correction means 640 ... adjustment Light control means 642 ... Light source drive circuit

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) G09G 3/20 G09G 3/20 642L 660 660U 660V 670 670B 670J 680 680H G02B 26/08 G02B 26/08 A G09G 3/34 G09G 3/34 JZ (72) Inventor Iwata Iwata No. 2-56 Sudacho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi Prefecture In-house F-term (reference) 2H041 AA16 AB26 AB40 AC08 AZ01 5C080 AA09 BB05 CC06 CC07 CC09 DD01 DD05 DD21 DD26 DD29 EE19 EE28 EE29 EE30 FF01 FF07 FF12 JJ02 JJ03 JJ04 JJ05 JJ06

Claims (30)

[Claims] 1. A display system comprising: a display; and a display area separating section for separating a display area of the display into a moving image display area and a still image display area. 2. The display system according to claim 1, wherein when the display is configured by arranging a large number of display elements, the display area separating section is based on address data indicating the display elements. A display system characterized by dividing a display area of a display into a moving image display area and a still image display area. 3. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the display area separating unit is collectively and centrally managed by a central station connected to a network. 4. A display, a monitoring unit for monitoring the power supply current of the display, and a collective failure diagnosis unit for transmitting the status information obtained by the monitoring unit to a central station via a network. Display system. 5. The display system according to claim 1, wherein the display opposes an optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced and one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate. And a drive section in which a number of actuator sections corresponding to a large number of pixels are arranged, and the actuator section contacts / contacts the optical waveguide plate in accordance with the attribute of the input image signal.
A display for displaying an image according to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate by controlling a displacement operation in a separating direction to control leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate. system. 6. A display system, comprising: a display; and a drive voltage adjusting section for adjusting a drive voltage supplied to the display to compensate for a decrease in brightness. 7. The display system according to claim 6, wherein the drive voltage adjusting unit is collectively and centrally managed by a central station connected to a network. 8. The display system according to claim 6, wherein the drive voltage adjusting unit is schedule-managed through a timer. 9. The display system according to claim 6, wherein the display opposes an optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced, and one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate. And a drive section in which a number of actuator sections corresponding to a large number of pixels are arranged, and the actuator section contacts / contacts the optical waveguide plate in accordance with the attribute of the input image signal.
In the case of a display that displays an image corresponding to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate by controlling the displacement operation in the separating direction to control the leaked light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate, the drive voltage The display unit is characterized in that the adjusting unit adjusts the drive voltage based on an arbitrary displacement state of the actuator unit. 10. The display system according to claim 6, wherein the drive voltage adjusting unit adjusts the drive voltage based on a light emission brightness of the display in a predetermined state. Display system. 11. The display system according to claim 10, wherein the display is provided with an optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced, and one surface of the optical waveguide plate facing each other. A driving unit in which a number of actuator units corresponding to the pixels are arranged is provided, and the actuator unit contacts the optical waveguide plate according to the attribute of the input image signal.
A display for displaying an image according to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate by controlling a displacement operation in a separating direction to control leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate. system. 12. An optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced,
The optical waveguide includes a drive unit that is provided so as to face one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate and in which a number of actuator units corresponding to a large number of pixels are arranged. A display for displaying an image corresponding to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate by controlling a displacement operation of the actuator portion with respect to the plate in a contact / separation direction to control leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate. A backup light source, a current monitoring unit that monitors the current of the light source, and a backup light source control unit that selectively turns on or off the backup current based on information from the current monitoring unit. Display system. 13. The display system according to claim 12, wherein a part or all of the auxiliary light source is an auxiliary light source for color fading countermeasures. 14. The display system according to claim 12, further comprising a cooling fan, and a cooling control unit that selectively drives the cooling fan based on selective lighting of the auxiliary light source. And display system. 15. A display system comprising: a display, a memory in which brightness correction data for correcting the brightness variation of the display is stored, and a data rewriting section for rewriting the brightness correction data. 16. The display system according to claim 15, wherein the data rewriting unit is collectively managed by a central station connected to a network. 17. The display system according to claim 15, wherein the data rewriting unit is schedule-managed through a timer. 18. The display system according to claim 15, wherein the display is opposed to an optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced and one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate. And a drive section in which a number of actuator sections corresponding to a large number of pixels are arranged, and the actuator section contacts / contacts the optical waveguide plate in accordance with the attribute of the input image signal.
In the case of a display that displays an image corresponding to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate by controlling the displacement operation in the separating direction and controlling the leaked light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate, the data rewriting The display section is characterized in that the section rewrites the brightness correction data based on an arbitrary displacement state of the actuator section. 19. The display system according to claim 15, wherein the data rewriting unit rewrites the brightness correction data based on light emission brightness in a predetermined state of the display. Display system. 20. The display system according to claim 19, wherein the display is provided with an optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced and one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate so as to face each other. A driving unit in which a number of actuator units corresponding to the pixels are arranged is provided, and the actuator unit contacts the optical waveguide plate according to the attribute of the input image signal.
A display for displaying an image according to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate by controlling a displacement operation in a separating direction to control leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate. system. 21. The display system according to claim 15, wherein the data rewriting unit rewrites the brightness correction data in consideration of the color balance adjustment. 22. An optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced,
The optical waveguide includes a drive unit that is provided so as to face one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate and in which a number of actuator units corresponding to a large number of pixels are arranged. A display for displaying an image corresponding to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate by controlling a displacement operation of the actuator portion with respect to the plate in a contact / separation direction to control leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate. And a case where the actuator section performs displacement operation in one direction when a positive or negative voltage is applied to a reference potential, and the positive voltage is applied at any timing. Alternatively, a display system having a switching means for switching to a negative voltage. 23. The display system according to claim 22, wherein the switching unit is collectively and centrally managed by a central station connected to a network. 24. The display system according to claim 22, wherein the switching unit is schedule-managed through a timer. 25. When the display is configured by arranging a large number of display elements, the display area of the display is determined based on address data indicating the display elements from a central station connected to a network. A method of managing a display, characterized by separating a moving image display area and a still image display area. 26. A display management method, comprising: monitoring a power supply current of a display; and transmitting status information obtained by the monitoring to a central station via a network. 27. A display management characterized by compensating for a decrease in brightness by adjusting a driving voltage supplied to the display based on a collective centralized management by a centralized station connected to a network or a schedule management through a timer. Method. 28. A display management method for rewriting the brightness correction data for correcting the brightness variation of the display based on collective centralized management by a centralized station connected to the network or schedule management through a timer. 29. The display management method according to claim 25, wherein the display is an optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced, and one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate. And a driving section in which a number of actuator sections corresponding to a large number of pixels are arranged, the actuator section contacting the optical waveguide plate according to the attribute of the input image signal.
A display for displaying an image according to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate by controlling a displacement operation in a separating direction to control leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate. Management method. 30. An optical waveguide plate into which light from a light source is introduced,
The optical waveguide includes a drive unit that is provided so as to face one plate surface of the optical waveguide plate and in which a number of actuator units corresponding to a large number of pixels are arranged. A display for displaying an image corresponding to the image signal on the optical waveguide plate by controlling a displacement operation of the actuator portion with respect to the plate in a contact / separation direction to control leakage light at a predetermined portion of the optical waveguide plate. And when the actuator section performs displacement operation in one direction when a positive or negative voltage with respect to a reference potential is applied, it is possible to use a central station connected to a network. A display management method characterized by switching to a positive voltage or a negative voltage at an arbitrary timing based on collective centralized management or schedule management through a timer.