JP2003336882A - Air feed/exhaust unit and ventilation system using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an air feed/exhaust unit which simplifies a system by formed into a small size and a lightweight, reduces the manhour and the cost for the construction, prevents intrusion of pollen, etc., by the air pressure of a living space turned into the negative pressure, and efficiently ventilates, and also to provide a ventilation system using the same. <P>SOLUTION: This air feed/exhaust unit 1 is provided with an air feed/exhaust part disposed on a ceiling part in a room, and an adjusting means 4 adjusting the exhaust air quantity from the air feed/exhaust part. The air feed/exhaust part is provided with an air feed means 2 leading the outside air to the room inside and a natural exhaust means 3 connected to the adjusting means 4 and naturally exhausting the indoor air to the outside. This ventilation system is provided with the air feed/exhaust unit 1, a forced exhaust means 28 provided in a different place from the air feed/exhaust unit 1, and an auxiliary air feed means 2 feeding the same air capacity to the exhaust air capacity of the forced exhaust means 28. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a supply / exhaust unit for introducing outside air into a room and naturally discharging dirty inside air, and a ventilation system using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in multi-story housing, the number of rooms has become higher and the airtightness has increased rapidly, and the amount of ventilation in the room is insufficient. That is, even if an attempt is made to exhaust the air in the room by performing forced exhaust, the airtightness is high and the room becomes a negative pressure,
It becomes impossible to ventilate more than a predetermined amount. In order to solve this problem, for example, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 9-222250, as shown in FIGS.
A combined ventilation device 74 including a ventilation device 72 including 0 and an intake mechanism 71 and an exhaust device 73 is described.
Exhaust mechanism 7 of ventilation device 72 attached to ceiling 77
The 0 and the intake mechanism 71 are provided with fans 75 and 76, respectively, and are devices that perform forced exhaust and forced intake, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 6 (A), when the cooking device 78 installed in the kitchen is used, a device 73 for exclusive use of exhaust gas is used.
Is operated to discharge dirty air including heat, steam, gas, odor, etc., and the fan 76 of the intake mechanism 71 is operated to introduce fresh outside air into the room. Further, as shown in FIG. 6B, when the exhaust exclusive device 73 is not operated, the exhaust mechanism 70 is operated to suck the air in the room upward from the ceiling, and at the same time, the intake mechanism 71 is operated to remove the outside air. It is blown downward from a position adjacent to the exhaust mechanism 70. In this way, the negative pressure in the room prevents pollen and the like from entering from the outside, and the ventilation air volume is secured.

[0004]

However, the dirty air in the room is often warmed and floats in layers near the ceiling. In the ventilation device 72, an exhaust fan 75 is used. Since forced exhaust is performed, the air layer L2 below the dirty air layer L1 is low in pollutants.
However, there is a problem that the ventilation efficiency is deteriorated because the air is exhausted. In addition, since exhaust fans and intake fans are required, the apparatus becomes large and heavy, and installation work becomes difficult. In addition, the composite ventilation device 74 using this has the same problem, and since the ventilation device 72 becomes large, the installation space of the ceiling is limited. Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to make the system small and lightweight to simplify the system, reduce the labor and cost of construction,
An object of the present invention is to provide an air supply / exhaust unit that prevents pollen and the like from entering due to a negative pressure in the room and that efficiently performs ventilation, and a ventilation system using the same.

[0005]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the air supply / exhaust unit of the present invention has an air supply / exhaust unit installed on the ceiling of a room and an adjusting means for adjusting the amount of exhaust air from the air supply / exhaust unit. The air supply / exhaust unit includes: an air supply / exhaust unit that includes an air supply unit that introduces outside air into the room; and a natural exhaust unit that is connected to the adjustment unit and that naturally exhausts the indoor air to the outside. There is. Natural exhaust means exhausting by a pressure difference between indoor and outdoor without using power of a fan or the like. The adjusting means includes not only a case where the adjusting means is integrally provided with the air supply means and the natural exhaust means but also a case where they are connected to these through a flow path. That is, the air supply / exhaust unit is a unit in which the adjusting unit is connected to the air supply unit and the natural exhaust unit via the flow path.

According to the present invention, since the air supply means is provided, the atmospheric pressure in the room becomes higher than the outside air, and the invasion of pollen from the outside is prevented. Further, since the natural exhaust means is provided, the exhaust amount does not exceed the supply amount, and the inside of the room is prevented from becoming a negative pressure. In addition, since natural exhaust is performed, devices such as a fan and a fan motor are omitted, and the unit is made small and lightweight.

As the adjusting means, a manual type or an automatic type can be used, and by controlling the amount of exhaust air from the natural exhaust means, door opening / closing obstacles and the like can be prevented. When a small amount of air is exhausted from another exhaust means such as a three-chamber ventilation fan, the amount of exhaust air from the natural exhaust means is reduced by the amount of increase in the exhaust air volume resulting from this, and the atmospheric pressure in the room is adjusted. be able to.

The natural exhaust means is connected to an exhaust duct which communicates with the outside, and an exhaust port which is opened at the lower side of the casing provided with the air supply means and the natural exhaust means and communicates with the exhaust duct, It is also possible to form a wider area than the cross-sectional area of the exhaust duct and attach a rectifying member having a large number of through holes to the outlet. What is a casing?
It is a part that is installed on the ceiling and that includes at least an air supply unit and a natural exhaust unit.

Since the discharge port is opened on the lower side of the casing, it is possible to efficiently take in dirty air suspended in layers. Since the rectifying member is attached to the outlet having a large area, the contaminated air layer staying in the upper part of the room gradually flows in at a low speed from the many through holes of the rectifying member. Since the inflow speed is slow, the contaminated air layer is not stirred,
The air with less pollutants in the room does not flow in, and only the polluted air layer is exhausted.

The adjusting means may be a self-powered damper which is provided in the casing or in the exhaust passage and operates by a pressure difference between indoor and outdoor.

Such a damper includes, for example, a check damper and a slight differential pressure damper. The exhaust flow passage means a flow passage on the downstream side of the casing that communicates the casing and the outdoors, and includes, for example, an outdoor discharge port such as a bend cap attached to the outer wall. With such a configuration, a power source and a control device for opening and closing the damper are unnecessary, and when the outdoor air pressure instantaneously becomes higher than the indoor air pressure, it automatically closes. Are prevented from entering.

The adjusting means may be a self-propelled damper which is provided in the casing and operates by a pressure difference between indoor and outdoor and is capable of adjusting the operating pressure difference. By providing it in the casing, the air supply / exhaust unit can be integrally attached, and since it can be adjusted from the room, operation and maintenance are facilitated.

The adjusting means is provided with a slide damper provided in the casing and having a large number of through holes, and the discharge port is formed on the entire lower surface of the casing to supply air to the air supply means. It is also possible to form the mouth on the side of the casing.

Since the slide damper is provided, in the case of the manual type, the opening / closing operation can be facilitated and the opening can be surely confirmed visually. The slide damper can be either a manual type or an automatic type.

Further, when the slide damper is used, the air supply / exhaust unit main body can be formed compactly and integrally,
It is easy to transport, requires a small space for installation and removal, and simplifies the system to prevent troubles. Moreover, the labor and cost of construction are reduced. Further, since the slide damper is formed with a large number of through holes, the flow velocity of the air flowing into the exhaust duct is further equalized.

Since the outlet is formed on the entire lower surface of the casing, the flow velocity of the air flowing into the outlet is limited to the minimum.

The ventilation system of the present invention integrally comprises an air supply means for introducing outside air into the room, a natural exhaust means for naturally exhausting the indoor air to the outside, and an adjusting means for adjusting the exhaust air volume of the natural exhaust means. The air supply / exhaust unit, the forced exhaust means provided in a place different from the air supply / exhaust unit, and the auxiliary air supply means capable of supplying the same air volume as the exhaust air volume of the forced exhaust means.

As the forced exhaust means, for example, a device having a large exhaust air volume that is operated for a short time, such as a kitchen ventilation fan, is applied. The auxiliary air supply unit is usually provided integrally with the forced exhaust unit, but it may be provided as a single unit. By providing the auxiliary air supply means, the generation of the negative pressure by the forced exhaust means is localized, and the negative pressure in the entire room is prevented.

In another ventilation system of the present invention, an air supply means for introducing the outside air into the room, a natural exhaust means for naturally exhausting the indoor air to the outside, and an adjusting means for adjusting the exhaust air volume of the natural exhaust means are integrated. And a forced exhaust means provided in a place different from the supply / exhaust unit, the adjusting means, when exhausting by the forced exhaust means, of the natural exhaust means. It has a function of reducing the amount of exhaust air and maintaining the atmospheric pressure in the room.

As the forced exhaust means, for example, a device having a small exhaust air volume that is operated for a long time, such as a three-chamber ventilation fan, is applied. When the total amount of exhaust air from the forced exhaust means and the natural exhaust means is larger than the amount of air supplied from the air supply means, the adjustment means reduces the exhaust air volume from the natural exhaust means, so The pressure is prevented.

A filter for removing unpleasant substances is provided in the outside air introduction portion of the air supply means, and a control means for adjusting the outputs of the air supply means, the natural exhaust means and the adjusting means is connected to the air supply means, the natural exhaust means and the adjusting means. Means is connected to a sensor provided outside to detect the unpleasant substance, to the control means,
When receiving the detection signal of the sensor, it is possible to provide a function of increasing the supply air volume of the air supply means or reducing the exhaust air volume of the natural exhaust means to increase the air pressure in the room.

Examples of the unpleasant substances include pollen, O ₃ and NO.
_{x and the} like are included. Since these unpleasant substances are detected by the sensor and the atmospheric pressure in the room is increased, it is possible to prevent the unpleasant substance from entering through the gap in the living room.

[0023]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. (First Embodiment) FIG. 1A is a front view of a supply / exhaust unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1B is a bottom view of the same supply / exhaust unit, and FIG. 2 is the same supply / exhaust. FIG. 3 is a side view of the unit, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a state where the air supply / exhaust unit is installed indoors.

The air supply / exhaust unit 1 mounted on the ceiling 23 of the house for ventilation of the room has an air supply means 2 for introducing the outside air into the room and a natural exhaust means 3 for naturally exhausting the air inside the room.
And a slide damper 4, which is an example of an adjusting means for adjusting the exhaust air volume of the natural exhaust means 3, are integrally provided in the casing 5. The air supply means 2 and the natural exhaust means 3
This constitutes the air supply / exhaust section.

The casing 5 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a rectangular outlet 6 opening downward is formed on the entire lower surface of the casing 5, and a rectifying member 7 is attached to the outlet 6. ing.

On one side of the casing 5, an intake port 8 for introducing outside air and an exhaust port 9 for exhausting indoor air are provided.
On the other side of the casing 5, four air supply ports 10 for distributing and supplying the outside air introduced from the air intake port 8 to the room are provided. In the lower part of the casing 5, a rectangular parallelepiped first exhaust chamber 11 having the same plane as the rectifying member 7 and having a low height is formed. The upper portion of the first exhaust chamber 11 has an intake chamber 1 communicating with the intake port 8, the exhaust port 9, and the air supply port 10.
3, the second exhaust chamber 12, and the air supply chamber 14 are each formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape.

A pre-filter 15 and a filter 16 for pollen having high filtering performance are provided in the intake chamber 13, and the intake chamber 13 and the air supply chamber 14 have a flow passage 18 provided with a fan 17 for air supply. Through the. The pre-filter 15 has a coarse structure used to remove dust and dust-like substances in the air, and the pollen filter 16 has a mesh capable of removing fine particles of pollen class contained in the air. It has a fine structure and reliably removes pollen from the outside air and introduces clean air into the room.

The position adjacent to the pollen filter 16
Although not shown in the figure, NO_X, O _ThreeGaseous substances such as
A filter that has a decomposition function that uses a catalyst to remove it
Filter with activated carbon, zeolite, etc.
Combined functions and functions
There is a gift.

When the air supply fan 17 is operated, outside air is introduced from the intake port 8 into the intake chamber 13, and the introduced outside air passes through the pre-filter 15 and the pollen-corresponding filter 16 and is supplied to the air supply fan 17. It is introduced into the air supply chamber 14 through the flow path 18 provided with, and is supplied into the room through the air supply port 10.

Between the first exhaust chamber 11 and the second exhaust chamber 12, a horizontally arranged plate-like slide damper 4 is disposed. The slide damper 4 is formed in a rectangular shape having the same size as the bottom area of the second exhaust chamber 12, and a large number of through holes 19 having the same shape are arranged in a grid. This through hole 1
9 can be opened or closed manually or automatically at a predetermined opening. The slide damper 4 may be of a type that is used by switching between manual and automatic, and two types of slide dampers of a manual type and an automatic type may be provided at the same time. Slide damper 4
By using, the main body of the air supply / exhaust unit can be made compact, the transportation is easy, and the mounting / removing space is also small.

The rectifying member 7 also has a number of through holes 20 of the same shape.
Are formed in a grid pattern. Through hole 19 and through hole 20
Are formed in a long hole shape, and the longitudinal direction of each of the through holes 19 and 20 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the second exhaust chamber 12.

When the air supply fan 17 operates, the outside air is introduced into the room and the atmospheric pressure inside the room rises. When the slide damper 4 is opened in this state, the air in the room flows into the first exhaust chamber 11 via the rectifying member 7, further flows into the second exhaust chamber 12 via the slide damper 4, and the exhaust port 9 is exhausted. It is discharged to the outside through.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the dirty air is warmed and stays in the vicinity of the ceiling 23 to form a contaminated air layer 22. The contaminated air layer 22 is attached to the exhaust port 9 by the flow regulating member 7
Although it flows out through the slide damper 4 and the slide damper 4, a large number of through holes 1 are formed in the flow regulating member 7 and the slide damper 4.
Since 9 and 20 are formed, the flow velocity of the contaminated air when passing through the flow regulating member 7 and the slide damper 4 becomes uniform, and only the contaminated air layer 22 is uniformly exhausted from the entire surface of the flow regulating member 7. . Then, new contaminated air flows into the contaminated air layer 22 from the side to the exhausted and thinned portion. In this way, it is possible to gradually discharge only the dirty air while leaving the air below the polluted air layer 22 low in pollutants.

An exhaust duct 21 communicating with the outdoors is connected to the exhaust port 9, and the contaminated air layer 22 passes through the exhaust duct 21 and is discharged outdoors. Further, the exhaust duct 21 is formed such that its cross-sectional area is smaller than the area of the slide damper 4. In this way, the air supply / exhaust unit 1
Since the air supply means 2 and the natural exhaust means 3 are integrally provided, the shape can be made compact and can be easily installed at any position on the ceiling 23.

Next, the operation of the slide damper 4 will be described in detail. A pressure sensor (not shown) for detecting the atmospheric pressure inside and outside the room is connected to the slide damper 4. For example, when the motor is driven automatically, the differential pressure between the indoor and outdoor detected by the pressure sensor is a constant target value. The through hole 19 of the slide damper 4 is opened and closed by a motor so that

The target value of the differential pressure is set to a low first level in normal times, but when the amount (concentration) of the unpleasant substance detected by the outdoor unpleasant substance sensor exceeds a certain threshold value, it becomes more Change to a higher second level. The second level is set to a level at which an unpleasant substance does not easily enter through the gap between the outer wall and the window even if wind blows on the outer wall, and a level at which opening / closing of the entrance door does not occur.

The slide damper 4 proportionally moves the damper opening by receiving a signal from a pressure sensor or a controller receiving this signal, or performs a floating control (three-position control) of the damper opening by a pressure switch. .

That is, when the measured differential pressure is higher than the target value, the slide damper 4 is moved in the opening direction to increase the natural exhaust air volume and reduce the indoor pressure. When the differential pressure is lower than the target value, the slide damper 4 is moved in the closing direction to reduce the natural exhaust air volume and increase the indoor pressure.

On the other hand, for example, when the resident determines that the amount of the unpleasant substance is large due to the polling information or the feeling of the pollen information, the slide damper 4 is manually changed from the normal setting position to the setting position of the pollen corresponding mode. Since the normal setting position and the setting position of the pollen-corresponding mode depend on the degree of airtightness of the house, they cannot be set at the time of factory shipment and are set at the time of construction.

When deciding the normal set position, first, during the test operation, the air supply unit is operated in the Low state, the room pressure is measured with the three-chamber ventilation fan stopped, and the indoor / outdoor differential pressure becomes the normal target value. The opening of the slide damper 4 is set as follows.

Next, when the three-chamber ventilation fan is operated, the air supply unit switches to the High operation upon receiving the operation signal of the three-chamber ventilation fan, and the room pressure is measured in this state. Due to the design, the difference in the supply air volume between High and Low of the air supply unit and the exhaust air volume of the three-chamber ventilation fan should be equal, so the indoor pressure hardly changes. If there is a large change, for example, a flexible duct is often deformed in the exhaust path (duct, etc.) of the three-room ventilation fan, or the air supply path and exhaust path of the air supply unit. I do. In addition, if the design air volume itself is unreasonable, it is acceptable if the differential pressure is at an allowable level both when the three-chamber ventilation fan is OFF and when it is ON.

Next, the settings for the pollen mode are made. In the same procedure as the determination of the normal setting position described above, first, the opening of the slide damper 4 at the time of OFF at the time of the three-chamber ventilation fan is adjusted in the Low operation, and then the three-chamber ventilation fan is turned on so that the room pressure does not change. Make sure that.

If there is no problem, auxiliary means for opening switching such as setting a scale or attaching a stopper is provided so that the opening of the slide damper 4 can be easily and quickly switched to the two opening adjusting positions. Set up.

In this way, by setting the normal setting position and the pollen-corresponding mode, the resident simply switches the slide damper 4 depending on whether the pollen season is normal or the pollen season is selected, and the pollen in the room is changed. Intrusion can be easily and surely prevented.

(Second Embodiment) FIG. 4A shows a second embodiment.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an installation state of the air supply / exhaust unit according to the embodiment of FIG. Air supply / exhaust unit 3 according to the second embodiment
6 is the slide damper 4 of the air supply / exhaust unit 1 described above.
Is omitted, and a check damper 37 which is an example of an adjusting means.
Is provided in the second exhaust chamber 12 of the casing 5. When the pressure in the room becomes higher than the pressure in the outdoors and exceeds the threshold value set in advance for the check damper 37, the blades of the check damper 37 are opened, and the air is discharged to the outside.

If the damper operates by the pressure difference between the indoor and the outdoor, it can be used in place of the check damper 37. By using such a damper, a control circuit for opening and closing the blades of the damper can be provided. It is not necessary and the device can have a simple structure.

Further, the mounting position of the damper can be set at any position inside the casing 5 or inside the exhaust duct 21. When it is provided in the casing 5, the unit can be integrally formed and compacted. Further, when it is provided at a position apart from the exhaust port 6 such as the outdoor exhaust port 38, the wind noise of the blade due to the air passing through the damper does not occur in the duct. In addition, it is possible to enhance the rectification effect by attaching a flat plate member having a large number of through holes to the connecting portion between the first exhaust chamber 11 and the second exhaust chamber 12.

FIG. 4B is an explanatory view showing a state in which an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the operating pressure difference of the check damper is provided. The adjusting mechanism is composed of a tension spring 39 and a nut 40, and has both ends attached to the tip of the check damper 37 and the casing 5. The natural length of the tension spring 39 can be adjusted by rotating the nut 40. When the natural length is increased, the check damper 37 opens and closes with a small pressure difference, and when shortened, the check damper 37 opens and closes with a large pressure difference. The nut 40 of the adjusting mechanism is arranged at a position adjustable from the room.

(Third Embodiment) FIG. 5 is a plan sectional view of a ventilation system using an air supply / exhaust unit. The ventilation system 24 includes the air supply / exhaust unit 1 provided in the ceiling 23 above the corridor 25, and the ventilation fan device 26 provided in the kitchen. The ventilation fan device 26 includes a forced exhaust means 28,
It is integrally provided with an auxiliary air supply unit 29 capable of supplying an air flow amount equal to the exhaust air flow amount of the forced air exhaust unit. Also,
At another place in the room where the air supply / exhaust unit 1 is provided, a three-chamber ventilation fan (not shown) that is an example of a forced exhaust means of small exhaust air volume is provided, and when exhaust is performed by the three-chamber ventilation fan,
The control device for controlling the slide damper 4 is provided with the function of reducing the exhaust air volume of the natural exhaust means 3 and maintaining the atmospheric pressure in the room by adjusting the opening degree of the slide damper 4.

The intake port 8 and the exhaust port 9 of the air supply / exhaust unit 1 each have an intake duct 27 communicating with the outdoors.
And the exhaust duct 21 is attached. Further, the four air supply ports 10 of the air supply / exhaust unit 1 and the air outlets 31 provided at four places on the ceiling 23 are connected by four air supply ducts 30.

Outdoors, fine particles such as pollen, NO _X , O
An unpleasant substance sensor 32 for detecting a substance unfavorable to human health and comfort such as ₃ is provided, and is connected to a control unit (not shown) of the air supply / exhaust unit 1 via an electric wiring 33. Further, in the room, a control panel 35 which is connected to the control unit through an electric wiring 34 and which turns on / off a switch and sets a ventilation amount is provided. Since the air supply / exhaust unit 1 is provided with a filter corresponding to the substance detected by the unpleasant substance sensor 32, even if these unpleasant substances enter from the intake port 8, they are removed by the filter and air is supplied to the room. There is no.

When the ventilation fan device 26 is operated, the forced exhaust means 28 and the auxiliary air supply means 29 are activated, and the forced exhaust means 2
An air volume equal to the exhaust air volume of 8 is automatically supplied to the room by the auxiliary air supply unit 29. With this configuration, even if a part of the room has a negative pressure, this is locally made to prevent the whole room from having a negative pressure.

The three-chamber ventilation fan is connected to the control device of the air supply / exhaust unit via a wire (not shown), and the control device reduces the opening of the slide damper 4 in accordance with the exhaust amount of the forced exhaust means. . With this configuration, the exhaust air volume is limited, the negative pressure in the entire room is prevented, and the atmospheric pressure in the room can be kept constant.

Next, the usage state of the ventilation system 24 will be described in detail. The air supply means 2 of the air supply / exhaust unit 1 is
Basically, it is always operating, and the pressure inside the room is higher than the pressure outside. Ventilation system 24
When the amount (concentration) of the unpleasant substance such as pollen detected by the unpleasant substance sensor 32 exceeds a preset threshold value, the control unit causes the air supply / exhaust unit 1 to supply air. The rotation speed of the air supply fan provided in the means 2 is increased to increase the air supply amount. As the supply air volume increases, the air pressure inside the room increases, and the amount of air leaking from the gap to the outside and the amount of air naturally exhausted from the air supply unit via the duct increase. When exhaust is performed by the three-chamber ventilation fan, the opening amount of the slide damper 4 is reduced to reduce the natural exhaust air volume.

Since the relationship between the supply air volume and the pressure rise is relatively simple, the relationship between the normal internal pressure value and the internal pressure value when an unpleasant substance is generated is
It depends on the device design and factory settings and does not have to rely on local adjustments. Therefore, the installation work becomes easy.

On the other hand, in a house with a high airtightness, first, the opening of the slide damper 4 is narrowed to increase the pressure loss in the natural exhaust path to increase the internal pressure. Then, during the operation of the three-chamber ventilation fan, the rotation speed of the air supply fan is increased to increase the air supply air volume. Since the rotation speed of the air supply fan is increased only when the three-chamber ventilation fan is operating, power and energy are saved.

[0057]

The present invention has the following effects. (1) Since the air supply means and the natural exhaust means for performing natural exhaust are provided, devices such as an exhaust fan and a fan motor are omitted, the device is made small and lightweight, and the atmospheric pressure in the room becomes negative pressure. It is possible to prevent this and to perform ventilation efficiently. In particular, since the natural exhaust means for performing natural exhaust is provided, the exhaust amount does not exceed the supply amount, and the inside of the room is prevented from becoming negative pressure. (2) By opening the discharge port on the lower side of the casing, dirty air suspended in layers can be efficiently taken in. (3) Further, when the rectifying member is attached to the outlet having a large area, the contaminated air layer gradually flows in at a low speed, the contaminated air layer is not stirred, and only the contaminated air layer does not flow in the air having a small amount of pollutants. Can be exhausted. (4) If the adjusting means is a damper that operates by a pressure difference between indoor and outdoor, a power source for opening and closing the damper and a control device are not required, and the structure can be simplified and the unit can be reduced in weight. Further, when the atmospheric pressure outside becomes instantaneously higher than the atmospheric pressure inside the room, the air pressure is automatically closed, so that pollen and the like can be prevented from entering through the exhaust passage. (5) If the damper is provided in the casing, the air supply / exhaust unit can be integrally mounted, and if it is arranged so that it can be adjusted from the room, operation and maintenance are facilitated. (6) When the slide damper is provided, in the case of the manual type, the opening / closing operation is facilitated and the degree of opening can be surely confirmed visually. Further, since the air supply / exhaust unit main body can be formed compactly and integrally, it is easy to transport, the mounting / removing space is small, and the system is simplified so that troubles hardly occur. Moreover, the labor and cost of construction are reduced. Further, since the slide damper has a large number of through holes, the flow velocity of the air flowing into the exhaust duct is further uniformized. (7) If the exhaust port is formed on the entire lower surface of the casing, the flow velocity of the air flowing into the exhaust port is limited to the minimum, and only the contaminated air layer can be reliably exhausted. (8) Since the ventilation system of the present invention is provided with the auxiliary air supply means, the generation of the negative pressure by the forced exhaust means is locally made to prevent the entire room from becoming negative pressure, and the exhaust duct. It is possible to prevent backflow of outside air from the inside. (9) In another ventilation system according to the present invention, the adjusting means uses the natural exhaust means when the total amount of exhaust air from the forced exhaust means and the natural exhaust means is larger than the air supply amount from the air supply means. Since the amount of exhaust air is reduced, it is possible to prevent negative pressure in the entire room and prevent backflow of outside air from the exhaust duct. (10) When the uncomfortable substance is detected by the sensor and the atmospheric pressure in the room is increased, it is possible to prevent the uncomfortable substance from entering through the gap in the room.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1A is a front view of an air supply / exhaust unit according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B is a bottom view of the air supply / exhaust unit.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the air supply / exhaust unit.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a state in which the air supply / exhaust unit is installed indoors.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an installed state of an air supply / exhaust unit according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a plan sectional view of a ventilation system using an air supply / exhaust unit according to a third embodiment.

6 (A) and 6 (B) are explanatory views showing an operating state of a combined ventilation apparatus according to a conventional example.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Air supply / exhaust unit 2 Air supply means 3 natural exhaust means 4 Slide damper (adjustment means) 5 casing 6 outlets 7 Rectifying member 8 air intake 9 exhaust port 10 Air supply port 11 First exhaust chamber 12 Second exhaust chamber 13 Intake chamber 14 Air supply room 15 pre-filter 16 Pollen filter 17 Air supply fan 18 channels 19,20 through holes 21 Exhaust duct 22 Contaminated air layer 23 ceiling 24 ventilation system 25 corridor 26 Exhaust fan device 27 Intake duct 28 Forced exhaust means 29 Auxiliary air supply means 30 air supply duct 31 Outlet 32 Unpleasant substance sensor 33 Electric wiring 34 Electric wiring 35 Control panel 36 Air supply / exhaust unit 37 Check Damper 38 Outdoor exhaust port 39 tension spring 40 nuts

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Tatsuo Nakano             4-1-1 Hommachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Prefecture             Takenaka Corporation Osaka Main Store (72) Inventor Shinji Takakawa             4-1-1 Hommachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Prefecture             Takenaka Corporation Osaka Main Store (72) Inventor Haruki Ito             4-1-1 Hommachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Prefecture             Takenaka Corporation Osaka Main Store (72) Inventor Yoshikazu Shindo             4 of 1034 Wada, Osamu, Sasaguri-machi, Kasuya-gun, Fukuoka Prefecture               Kyoritsu Airtech Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takeshi Ueno             4 of 1034 Wada, Osamu, Sasaguri-machi, Kasuya-gun, Fukuoka Prefecture               Kyoritsu Airtech Co., Ltd.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. An air supply / exhaust unit installed on a ceiling of a room,
An air supply / exhaust unit having an adjusting unit for adjusting the amount of exhaust air from the air supply / exhaust unit, wherein the air supply / exhaust unit is connected to the air supply unit for introducing outside air into the room, An air supply / exhaust unit, comprising: a natural exhaust means for naturally exhausting the air to the outside. 2. The natural exhaust means is connected to an exhaust duct communicating with the outdoors, and an outlet opening to the lower side of a casing provided with the air supply means and the natural exhaust means to communicate with the exhaust duct. The air supply / exhaust unit according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust duct is formed wider than the exhaust duct, and a rectifying member having a large number of through holes is attached to the exhaust port. 3. The air supply / exhaust unit according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting unit is a self-powered damper that operates by a pressure difference between indoor and outdoor. 4. The self-propelled damper, wherein the adjusting means is provided in the casing, operates by a differential pressure between indoor and outdoor, and is capable of adjusting an operating pressure difference. Air supply / exhaust unit described. 5. The adjusting means comprises a slide damper provided in the casing and having a large number of through holes, and the discharge port is formed on an entire lower surface of the casing, and The air supply / exhaust unit according to claim 2, wherein the air supply port is formed in a side portion of the casing. 6. An air supply / exhaust unit integrally provided with an air supply means for introducing outside air into a room, a natural exhaust means for naturally exhausting indoor air outdoors, and an adjusting means for adjusting an exhaust air volume of the natural exhaust means. A ventilation system, comprising: a forced exhaust means provided in a place different from the air supply / exhaust unit; and an auxiliary air supply means capable of supplying an air volume equal to the exhaust air volume of the forced exhaust means. 7. An air supply / exhaust unit integrally provided with an air supply means for introducing outside air into a room, a natural exhaust means for naturally exhausting indoor air outdoors, and an adjusting means for adjusting an exhaust air volume of the natural exhaust means. A forced exhaust means provided in a place different from the air supply / exhaust unit, wherein the adjusting means reduces the exhaust air volume of the natural exhaust means when exhausting by the forced exhaust means, A ventilation system characterized by having the function of maintaining the atmospheric pressure in the room. 8. A filter for removing unpleasant substances is provided in an outside air introduction part of the air supply means, and a control means for adjusting the outputs of the air supply means, the natural exhaust means and the adjusting means is connected, When the control means is connected to a sensor that is provided outdoors and detects the unpleasant substance, and the control means receives a detection signal from the sensor,
8. The ventilation system according to claim 6, further comprising a function of increasing an air supply amount of the air supply unit or reducing an exhaust air amount of the natural exhaust unit to increase an air pressure in the room.