JP2003332561A - Function material and method for manufacturing the same, electronic equipment and method for manufacturing the same, and quantum equipment and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To inexpensively obtain a large amount of function materials for generating rich physical properties. <P>SOLUTION: A peptide bond chain constituted of an amino acid array in which an amino acid having a side chain to which a nano-structural body is selectively bound is integrated at a prescribed position is used, and the arrangement of one or more nano-structural bodies in a space is decided according to a stereoscopic structure constituted of the peptide bond chain so that function materials can be obtained. Also, a polynucleotide chain containing a polynucleotide chain bound to the nano-structural body is used, and the arrangement of one or more nano-structural bodies in the space is decided according to the stereoscopic structure constituted by bonding a pair of polynucleotide chains containing the polynucleotide chain bound to at least the nano-structural body in a plurality of polynucleotide chains as a complementary base pair so that the function materials can be obtained. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a functional material, a method for manufacturing the same, an electronic device, a method for manufacturing the same, a quantum device, and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly to synthesis of a high-performance material by a novel method and its application. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Silicon and magnetic crystalline materials are often used as materials for manufacturing electronic devices and storage media that support modern science and technology. The capacity has been increased. It has also become clear that the characteristic size of these devices and media has reached the order of nanometers (hereinafter simply referred to as nano), which causes problems that could not be considered from the bulk properties up to that point. It was Therefore, in addition to the improvement of the conventional technology, the need for a material suitable for nano-order has been recognized, and the search for it has been vigorously carried out. Under such circumstances, materials that are considered to have properties unique to the nano-order have begun to be developed as real substances.

Recently, a multi-layered hierarchical structure was proposed by the present applicant as a material having a higher-order structure completely different from the conventional crystal-based material ((1) R. Ugajin, C. Ishimoto, S. Hir).
ata, and Y.Mori: Int.J.Mod.Phys.B, 14,1825, (2000) (2)
R.Ugajin, A.Ishibashi, S.Hirata, C.Ishimoto, and Y.Mor
i: Phys.Lett.A, 275,467, (2000) (3) R.Ugajin, C.Ishimot
o, Y.Kuroki, S.Hirata, and S.Watanabe: Physica A, 292,4
37, (2001) (4) R. Ugajin: "Anderson Transition in a Mu
ltiply-Twisted Helix ", J.Nanosci.Nanotech., 1,227-23
5, (2001)). It was shown that this structure has completely different physical properties from the conventional materials.

A multi-winding helix structure is defined as an example of the multiplexing hierarchical structure (reference (1) above). A q-fold multiple-fold helix structure is defined as one in which a (q-1) -fold multiple-fold helix is regarded as a single string and is then used as a helix. If q = 0 is a straight string and q = 1 is a normal spiral with a period N, a q-fold multiple winding spiral has a period of N ^q . In this case, considering that the first one-dimensional string is composed of certain elements and the bonds between them, the multiple-helix structure is defined by adding the newly created bonds between elements. . Here, the coupling is one of the following conditions: | q−p | = 1 | q−p | = N q−p = N ² and mod (p, N) = 0 q−p = N ³ and mod (p, N ² ) = 1 (1) q−p = N ⁴ and mod (p, N ³ ) = 2 :: Defined between elements p and q satisfying :. However, mod (a,
b) is the remainder when a is divided by b. That is, 1
In addition to the bond between the closest elements seen from the dimensional chain, the bond with N distant elements by a single helix for all elements is also N
The connection is determined for each element, the connection with the element N ² ahead, and the connection with the element N ³ ahead for each N ² element. However, the elements that are coupled in the long cycle of N ² or more are taken to be different from the elements of different long cycles. This structure can be controlled by changing the period N. And, by the change of the structure, it is possible to greatly change the physical properties depending on the dimensionality, which has been considered to be determined by the elements constituting the substance, so that the Mott transition (above reference (1)) or Ferromagnetic transition (above reference (2)), Anderson transition (above reference (3)
It was confirmed by examining (4)). In addition, generalized structures have also been investigated by adding elements between bonds ((5) R.Ug
ajin, Y.Watanabe, and Y.Mori: "Multiply-twisted helic
es of various inter-round couplings ", Int.J.Mod.Phy
sB, 16, 1225-1239, (2002)).

The importance of this structure is that it is possible to control the physical properties such as magnetism and conductivity by changing the structure without changing the substance itself. Therefore, realization of this multiplexed hierarchical structure has become a very important issue. As an example so far,
Although a method of realizing it by multiplexing quantum dot arrays and carbon nanocoils has been shown, it is difficult at present to fabricate a large quantity stably.

As a material having a structure different from that of another type of crystal, fractal ((6) BBMandelbrot: Th
e Fractal Geometry of Nature, (Freeman, San Francisc
o, 1982) (7) A. Erzan, L. Pietronero, and A. Vespignani: R
ev.Mod.Phys., 67,545, (1995)) and dendrimer ((8) SH
echt and JMJ Frechet: "Dendritic Encapsulation of
Function: Applying Nature's Site Isolation Principl
e from Biomimeticsto Materials Science ", Angew.Che
m.Int.Ed., 40,74-91, (2001) (9) A.Rajca, J.Wongsrirata
nakul, S.Rajca, and R.Cerny: "A Dendritic Macrocyclic
Organic Polyradical with a Very High Spin S = 1
0 ", Angew.Chem.Int.Ed., 37,1229-1232, (1998) (10) D.-
L. Jiang and T. Aida: "Morphology-Dependent Photochem
ical Events in Aryl Ether Dendrimer Porphyrins: Coo
peration of Dndron Subunits for Singlet Energy Tran
sition ", J.Am.Chem.Soc., 120,10895-10901, (1998) (11)
M. Enomoto and T. Aida: "Self-Assembly of a Copper-Li
gating Dendrimer that Provides a New Non-Heme Meta
lloprotein Mimic: "Dendrimer Effects" of Stability
of the Bis (μ-oxo) dicopper (III) Core ", J.Am.Chem.S
oc., 121, 874-875, (1999)) and others having a branched structure are also known. Furthermore, a composite fractal structure created by changing the fractal dimension during growth has also been proposed by the present applicant, and Anderson transition and ferromagnetic transition,
It has been confirmed that new physical properties emerge through studies such as Mott transition ((12) R. Ugajin, S. Hirata, and Y.
Kuroki: "Anderson transition driven by running frac
tal dimension in a fractal-shaped structure ", Physi
ca A, 278,312-326, (2000) (13) R. Ugajin: "Anderson tra
nsition in a fractal-based complexes ", Physica A, 30
1,1-16, (2001) (14) R.Ugajin, S.Hirata, and Y.Mori: "Fe
rromagnetic and Mott transitions modulated byvaryi
ng fractal dimensions in fractal-shaped nanostruct
ures ", Int.J.Mod.Phys.B, 15,2025-2044, (2001)).

[0007] As substances characterized by having a structure different from such crystals, biological substances such as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), proteins, and nerve cells are known.
Regarding DNA, attempts have been made to try to make a complex structure by using its selective binding property and to measure electrical properties in consideration of its application to molecular wiring in molecular devices ((15) C. Dekker). and MARatner: "Electric properties
of DNA ", Physics World, 14, (2001) (Translated by Kenjiro Miyano:
"Does DNA conduct electricity?", Parity, 17, 4-11, (2002-
3)). It has been reported that entangled rings and knots, a one- and two-dimensional periodic structure, and a three-dimensional cube can be produced by binding complementary partial sequences in another single-stranded DNA. ((16) E.Winfree, F.Liu, LAWe
nzler, and NCSeeman: "Design and self-assembly of
two dimensional DNA crystal ", Nature, 394,539-544, (1
998)). Regarding conductivity, it has been confirmed that charge transfer can be performed at a distance of up to several nm. Holes in DNA are more energetically stable on the GC (guanine-cytosine) base pair than on the AT (adenine-thymine) base pair. Therefore, the AT pair becomes an energy barrier with respect to the GC pair, and when the distance between the GC pairs is short, coherent charge transfer is caused by the tunnel effect, and when the distance is long, hopping conduction due to thermal excitation is performed. Understood However, although it has not yet been settled regarding conduction over a longer distance required when considering wiring, it is considered not a good conductor. Therefore, even if a structure such as a multiplexed hierarchical structure can be formed by DNA, it is unlikely that the novel physical properties obtained by calculation will be expressed. Further, it is known that when DNA is modified with a gold atom, it is a good conductor, but in that case, the structure is also a large number of single-stranded DNAs.
It is necessary to make it by a complex combination of steps, and it is considered difficult to make it stably.

[0008] It is known that proteins exhibit functions by adopting various three-dimensional structures such as secondary structures such as α-helix and β-sheet, and tertiary structure which is their spatial arrangement, The relationship between its structure and physical properties has also been vigorously studied. The skeleton responsible for the three-dimensional structure of a protein is composed of a peptide bond main chain formed by dehydration polymerization of an amino group and a carboxyl group. Regarding electrical conduction,
Proline oligomer ((17) SSIsied, MYOgawa, and
JFWishart: "Peptide-Madiated Intramolecular Elect
ron Transfer: Long-Range Distance Dependence ", Chem.
Rev., 92, 381-394, (1992)) and α-helix ((18) HBG
ray and JRWinkler: "Electron tunneling in structu
rally engineered protein ", J. Electroanal. Chem., 438,
43-47, (1997)), the existence of conduction by tunneling is known. However, it is not considered to be a good conductor for long-distance conduction over the entire protein molecule. Looking at the side chains of the amino acids that make up proteins, some have their own charges and polarities, but none of them constitute a network as a whole and exhibit conductivity or magnetism. In addition, no protein has been reported that exhibits new properties relating to conductivity and magnetism, which have been characteristic of multiplex hierarchical structures.

However, recently, a new method for designing a protein in which an arbitrary amino acid is incorporated at an arbitrary position has been developed ((19) I. Hirano, T. Ohtsuki, T. Fujiwara, TM.
atsui, T.Yokogawa, T.Okuni, H.Nakayama, K.Takio, T.Yabu
ki, T.Kigawa, K.Kodama, T.Yokogawa, K.Nishikawa, and S.
Yokoyama: "An unnatural base pair for coupled trans
cription-translation in a cel-free system ", Nature
Biotechnol., 20, 177-182, (2002)). There are various methods for inserting an amino acid having a side chain of interest at an arbitrary position of a protein, but they must construct a genetic information transcription-translation system capable of producing an amino acid sequence of interest. Achieved it. The newest point of this method is that it can handle any amino acid including non-natural amino acid and can write it as genetic information. Therefore, it becomes possible to stably synthesize a large amount of an artificial protein containing the target unnatural amino acid at any position.

Two key techniques have been developed to do this. One is the introduction of new base pairs necessary to form codons that specify amino acids, including unnatural amino acids. This base pair x, y needs to form a pair with high probability, but it hardly forms a pair with other natural base pairs A, T (U) (U is uracil), G, C. Is needed. So they have x as 2-
amino-6- (N, N-dimethylamino) purine as y and pryd
Introduced in-2-one ((20) M.Ishikawa.I.Hirano, andS.Yoko
yama: "Synthesis of 3- (2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)
pyridin-2-one and 2-amino-6- (N, N-dimethylamino) -9
-(2-deoxy- β-D-ribofuranosyl) purine derivatives fo
r an unnatural base pair ", Tetrahedron Lett.41,3931
-3934, (2000)), when x was actually embedded in DNA and transcription was performed, it was confirmed that y was selectively incorporated at a position complementary to x in RNA (ribonucleic acid) ((21 ) T.Oht
suki, M.Kimoto, M.Ishikawa, T.Matsui, and S.Yokoyama: "
Unnatural base pairs for specific transcription ", Pr
oc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA, 98,4922-4925, (2001)). The property of not pairing with natural bases is 6-dimeth which is included in x.
It is understood that it is caused by steric hindrance by ylamino. Therefore, it is a structure that more reliably causes steric hindrance 6-
(2-Thienyl) purine (called s) was introduced instead of x,
It has been confirmed that the pair is actually highly accurate ((22)
T. Fujiwara, M. Kimoto, H. Sugiyama, I. Hirano, and S. Yoko
yama: "Synthesis of 6- (2-Thienyl) purine Nucleoside
Derivatives That Form Unnatural Base Pair with Pyr
idin-2-one Nucleosides ", Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett., 11,2
221-2223, (2001)). In order to confirm whether this new base-introduced DNA can serve as a template for protein synthesis correctly, first, the unnatural amino acid 3-chlorotyrosine is used.
TRNA that binds to and has CUx as an anticodon
(Transfer RNA), followed by newly introducing a yAG codon at the 32nd codon of Ras gene, constructing an in vitro transcription-translation system containing them,
In fact, it was shown that 3-chlorotyrosine was selectively incorporated (Reference (19) above).

Second, the target unnatural amino acid and x
(S) is a technique for producing a tRNA capable of selectively recognizing a codon containing y. To show this,
E. coli-derived tRNA synthetase (Escherichia coli arg
3-iodi, a non-natural amino acid, than the natural amino acid tyrosine among the mutants of inyl-tRNA synthetase)
Selective suppression of netyrosine tRNA (suppressor tRNA)
(23) D. Kiga, K. Sakamoto,
S.Sato, I.Hirano, and S.Yokoyama: "Shifted positionin
g of the anticodon nucleotide residues of amber su
ppressor tRNA species by Escherichiacoli arginyl-t
RNA synthetase ", Eur.J.Biochem., 268,6207-6213, (200
1)), actually at an arbitrary position in the in vitro protein synthesis system
It was confirmed that 3-iodinetyrosine could be introduced. Furthermore, they have succeeded in selectively incorporating unnatural amino acids into cultured cells (Reference (23) above).

On the other hand, it is known that metal nanoparticles such as gold and silver and semiconductor quantum dots can be bound to biomolecules such as DNA and protein by using an appropriate linker. 24) Christof
M.Niemeyer: "Nanoparticles, Proteins, and Nucleic Aci
ds: Biotechnology Meets Materials Science ", Angew.Ch
em.Ed., 40,4128-4158, (2001)). Bonding of gold nanoparticles, especially in DNA chains ((25) W.-L.Shaiu, DD
Larson, J. Vesenka, and E. Henderson: Nucleic Acids Re
s., 21,99-103, (1993) (26) CAMirkin, RLLestinger,
RCMucic, and JJStorhoff: Nature (London), 382,607-
609, (1996) (27) A. Bardea, A. Dagan, I. Ben-Dov, B. Amit, a
nd I. Willner: Chem. Commun., 839-840, (1998) (28) F.Pat
olsky, KTRanjit, A.Lichtenstein, and I.Willner: Che
m.Commun., 1025-1026, (2000) (29) RL Lestinger, R. Elg
hanian, G.Viswanadham, and CAMirkin: "Use of a Ster
oid Cyclic Disulfide Anchor in Constructing Gold N
anoparticle-Oligonucleotide Conjugates ", Bioconjugat
e Chem., 11,289-291, (2000)), Bonding of semiconductor quantum dots
((30) R. Mahtab, JP Rogers, and CJ Murphy: J. Am. Chem.
Soc., 117,9099-9100, (1995) (31) GPMitchell, CAMir
kin, and RLLestinger: "Programmed Assemblyof DNA F
unctionalized Quantum Dots ", J.Am.Chem.Soc., 121,812
2-8123, (1999)) is possible. When binding a metal, one DNA strand is considered as a template, and the purpose is to create an array of nanoparticles by inserting nanoparticles that bind to a short complementary strand corresponding to the place to be placed ((( 32) X.Yang, LA Wenzler, J.Qi, X.Li, and NCSe
eman: J.Am.Chem.Soc., 120,9779-9786, (1998) and the above-mentioned reference (16)), and its conduction characteristics have been well investigated ((33) E.Braun, Y.Eichen, U.Sivan, and G.Ben-Yoseph: "D
NA-templated assembly and electrode attachment of a
conducting silver wire ", Nature (London), 391,775-77
8, (1998) (34) S.-J.Park, AALazarides, CAMirkin, P.
W.Brazis, CRKannewulf, and RLLestinger: "The Elec
trical Properties of Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies
Linked by DNA ", Angew.Chem.Int.Ed., 39,3845-3848, (20
00)). The binding of quantum dots is mainly intended to be used as a marker for biomolecules in vivo ((35) WCWChan and S.Nie: "Quantum Dot Bioconju
gates for Ultrasensitive Nonisotopic Detection ", Sc
ience, 281,2016-2018, (1998) (36) M.Bruchez Jr., M.Mor
onne, P.Gin, S.Weiss, and AP Alivisatos: "Semiconduct
or Nanocrystals as Fluorescent Biological Labels ",
Science, 281, 2013-2016, (1998) (37) H. Mattoussi, JMM
auro, G.Goldman, GPAnderson, VCSundar, FVMikule
c, and MGBawendi: "Self-Assembly of CdSe-ZnS Quant
um Dot Bioconjugates Using an Engineered Recombina
nt Protein ", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 12142-12150, (2000)
(38) Barbera-Guillem: "Functionalized nanocrystals a
s visual tissue-specific imaging agents, and method
s for fluorescence imaging ", US Patent 6,333,110 (De
cember25,2001) (39) Bawendi, et al .: "Biological appl
ications of quantum dots ", US Patent 6,326,144 (Dece
mber4,2001) (40) Barbera-Guillem: "Fluorescence filt
er cube for fluorescence detection and imaging ", US
Patent 6,252,664 (June26,2001) (41) Siiman, et a
l.,: "Semiconductor nanoparticles for analysis of b
lood cell populations and methods of making same ",
US Patent 6,235,540 (May27, 2001)), enhancing hydrophilicity of quantum dots and fluorescence intensity are also important technologies ((42) Bawendi, et al .: "Highly luminescent color").
-selective nano-crystalline materials ", US Patent
6,322,901 (November20,2001) (43) Bawendi, et al .: "Wate
r-soluble fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals ",
US Patent 6,319,426 (November 20,2001) (44) Weise, et
al.:"Semiconductor nanocrystal probes for biologic
al applications and process for making and using s
uch probes ", US Patent 6,207,392 (March27,2001) (45)
Castro, et al .: "Functionalized nanocrystals and the
ir use in detection systems ", US Patent 6,114,038 (S
eptember5, 2000)).

It is known that a DNA strand usually has a double helix structure in which two DNA chains having complementary nucleotide sequences are bound to each other. However, recently, a method has been found in which entangled rings and knots, a one- and two-dimensional periodic structure, and a three-dimensional cube are produced by binding complementary partial sequences to a plurality of DNA chains. ((46) Nadrian C. Seem
an: "Nucleic Acid Nanostructures and Topology", Ange
w.Chem.Int.Ed., 37,3220-3238, (1998) (47) THLaBean,
H.Yan, J.Kopatsch, F.Liu, E.Winfree, JHReif, and NC
Seeman: "Construction, Analysis, Litigation, and Self-
Assembly of DNA Triple Crossover Complexes ", J.Am.C
hem.Soc., 122, 1848-1860, (2000)). These technologies are molecular devices that switch between DNA strands with different shapes and topologies by a chemical procedure ((48) PJKueke
s, RSWilliams, and JRHeath: "Molecular-Wire Cross
bar Interconnect (MWCI) for Signal Routing and Comm
unications ", US Patent 6,314,019, (November 6,2001)
(49) PJKuekes, RSWilliams, and JRHeath: "Molecul
ar Wire Crossbar Interconnect Memory ", US Patent6,1
28,214, (October3,2000)) or DNA calculation that calculates by binding of DNA chains ((50) LMAdleman: "Molecular com
putation of solutions to combinatorial problems ", S
cience, 226,1012-1024, (1994) (51) RJ Lipton: "Using
DNA to solve NP-complete problems ", Science, 268,542
-545, (1995)) was developed for the purpose ((52) C.Mao, TH
LaBean, JHReif, and NCSeeman: "Logical computatio
n usingalgorithmic self-assembly of DNA triple-cro
ssover molecules ", Nature (London), 407,493-496, (200
0) (53) H.Yan, X.Zhang, Z.Shen, and NCSeeman: "A robu
stDNA mechanical device controlled by hybridizatio
n topology ", Nature (London), 415, 62-65, (2002)).

[0014]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems of the prior art in realizing a novel structure such as a multiplexed hierarchical structure.
That is, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a functional material capable of inexpensively obtaining a large amount of the functional material exhibiting abundant physical properties and a method for producing the same. Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electronic device using the above-mentioned functional material, a manufacturing method thereof, a quantum device and a manufacturing method thereof.

[0015]

In order to realize a novel structure such as a multiplexed hierarchical structure and a fractal structure previously proposed by the present applicant at a low cost and in large quantities, the present inventor has proposed a molecular biological method. We considered that the use of is most effective, and conducted various studies. As a result, a method for realizing a peptide-bonded chain incorporating an unnatural amino acid by using an expanded genetic information transcription-translation system containing an unnatural base pair, or a plurality of partially complementary chains. We considered a method to realize the structure by combining the polynucleotide chains of.
More specifically, regarding the former, by using a method of biosynthesis of an unnatural protein, an unnatural amino acid having a side chain according to the purpose is arranged in an appropriate three-dimensional structure, and physical properties are expressed in the side chain. We believe that by combining nanostructures such as semiconductor quantum dots as the necessary elements, it will be possible to stably realize a large amount of materials with novel structures such as multiplexed hierarchical structures and fractal structures. To be In the latter case, a nanostructure for expressing physical properties is bound to an appropriate place on the basis of an assembly of a plurality of DNA chains in which partial chains are complementary chains.

Up to now, there has been a method of using "self-organization" as a technology of giving a structure in some sense, but it can be said that the above-mentioned method exceeds this self-organization technology. In other words, in self-organization, the materials that can have a complicated structure have been determined, and it is not possible at present to freely arrange materials (such as nanoparticles) that have interesting physical properties. On the other hand, here, the target nanoparticles or the like can be structured by the force of biomolecules which are typically self-organizing and self-structuring materials.
The present invention has been devised based on the above examination by the present inventor.

That is, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the first invention of the present invention provides a peptide-binding chain comprising an amino acid sequence in which an amino acid having a side chain to which a microstructure selectively binds is incorporated at a predetermined position. The functional material is characterized in that the spatial arrangement of one or more microstructures is determined by the three-dimensional structure of the peptide bond chain.

A second aspect of the present invention is to incorporate an amino acid having a side chain to which a microstructure selectively binds at a predetermined position of a peptide binding chain consisting of an amino acid sequence, and to give a predetermined three-dimensional structure to the peptide binding chain. The method for producing a functional material is characterized in that the arrangement of one or a plurality of microstructures in a space is determined by the setting.

A third aspect of the present invention includes a plurality of polynucleotide chains containing a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure, and at least a polynucleotide chain bound to the microstructure in the plurality of polynucleotide chains. The functional material is characterized in that the spatial arrangement of one or more microstructures is determined by the three-dimensional structure obtained by binding a pair of polynucleotide chains with complementary base pairs.

A fourth invention of the present invention is to prepare a plurality of polynucleotide chains containing a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure, and to select at least the polynucleotide chain bound to the microstructure in the plurality of polynucleotide chains. A functional material characterized in that a predetermined three-dimensional structure is formed by binding a pair of polynucleotide chains containing the same with complementary base pairs to determine the arrangement in space of one or more microstructures. It is a manufacturing method.

A fifth aspect of the present invention comprises a peptide bond chain comprising an amino acid sequence in which an amino acid having a side chain to which a microstructure selectively binds is incorporated at a predetermined position, and the peptide bond chain has a three-dimensional structure. It is an electronic device using a functional material in which the arrangement of one or a plurality of microstructures in a space is determined.

A sixth aspect of the present invention is to incorporate an amino acid having a side chain to which a microstructure selectively binds at a predetermined position of a peptide bond chain consisting of an amino acid sequence, and to give the peptide bond chain a predetermined three-dimensional structure. The method for manufacturing an electronic device comprises the step of arranging one or a plurality of microstructures in the space to manufacture a functional material.

A seventh invention of the present invention comprises a plurality of polynucleotide chains containing a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure, and at least the polynucleotide chain bound to the microstructure in the plurality of polynucleotide chains. An electronic device using a functional material in which the arrangement of one or a plurality of microstructures in a space is determined by a three-dimensional structure formed by binding a pair of polynucleotide chains with complementary base pairs. is there.

An eighth invention of the present invention is to prepare a plurality of polynucleotide chains containing a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure, and to select at least the polynucleotide chain bound to the microstructure in the plurality of polynucleotide chains. A step of producing a functional material by arranging a pair of polynucleotide chains containing the same with complementary base pairs to form a predetermined three-dimensional structure and determining the arrangement of one or more microstructures in space; A method for manufacturing a characteristic electronic device.

The ninth invention of the present invention comprises a peptide bond chain comprising an amino acid sequence having an amino acid having a side chain to which the microstructure selectively binds at a predetermined position, and has a three-dimensional structure taken by the peptide bond chain. It is a quantum device characterized by using a functional material in which one or a plurality of microstructures are arranged in space.

A tenth aspect of the present invention is to incorporate an amino acid having a side chain to which a microstructure selectively binds at a predetermined position of a peptide binding chain consisting of an amino acid sequence, and to give a predetermined three-dimensional structure to the peptide binding chain. The method for manufacturing a quantum device is characterized by including the step of manufacturing the functional material by deciding the arrangement of one or a plurality of microstructures in the space by the above.

The eleventh invention of the present invention comprises a plurality of polynucleotide chains containing a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure, and at least the polynucleotide chain bound to the microstructure in the plurality of polynucleotide chains. A quantum device characterized by using a functional material in which the arrangement of one or a plurality of microstructures in a space is determined by a three-dimensional structure obtained by binding a pair of polynucleotide chains with complementary base pairs. is there.

[0028] A twelfth invention of the present invention is to prepare a plurality of polynucleotide chains including a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure, the plurality of polynucleotide chains comprising:
A predetermined three-dimensional structure is formed by binding a pair of polynucleotide chains including at least a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure to form a predetermined three-dimensional structure, and the arrangement of one or more microstructures in space is determined. A method of manufacturing a quantum device, comprising the step of manufacturing a functional material.

In the present invention, the functional material typically has a plurality of microstructures, and at least two of them are provided.
One microstructure is bonded to each other, or these microstructures are bonded to each other. Here, the term "bonding" includes both the case where the microstructures are in direct contact with each other and the case where the microstructures are not in direct contact with each other but are bonded by the quantum mechanical tunnel effect. These multiple microstructures can be arranged in various ways, specifically,
It is arranged so as to have a one-dimensional chain shape, a spiral shape, a branched structure, a fractal structure, a multiplexed hierarchical structure, and the like. Moreover, as the amino acid having a side chain to which the microstructure is selectively bound, an unnatural amino acid, in other words, an artificial amino acid is used. The microstructure is generally a nanostructure, specifically, a quantum dot, particularly a semiconductor quantum dot, and an example thereof is C covered with ZnS.
It is a semiconductor quantum dot made of dSe. Moreover, an example of a side chain to which the microstructure is selectively bound is mercaptoacetic acid. This side chain is particularly preferably used for bonding the semiconductor quantum dots made of CdSe whose periphery is covered with ZnS.

The functional material is most simply composed of a peptide bond chain or a polynucleotide chain, but other materials may be compounded in a required mixing ratio and distribution manner depending on the function to be given to the functional material. May be turned into. Examples of electronic devices include magnetic elements using ferromagnetism and switching elements utilizing metal-insulator transition. An example of the quantum device is a quantum computing device. In some cases, the quantum device can be regarded as an electronic device.

According to the present invention constructed as described above, a microstructure is bound to a peptide binding chain or a microstructure having an amino acid sequence having an amino acid having a side chain to which the microstructure selectively binds at a predetermined position. A plurality of polynucleotide chains including a polynucleotide chain can be inexpensively produced in large quantities by a biosynthesis method.

[0032]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. First Embodiment In the first embodiment, the microstructure includes at least a peptide binding chain consisting of an amino acid sequence having an amino acid having a side chain to which the microstructure selectively binds at a predetermined position. The functional material in which the arrangement of one or more microstructures in the space is determined by the three-dimensional structure will be described.

(1) Quantum dots (semiconductor nanocrystals) are taken here as a microstructure constituting a three-dimensional structure of amino acids that bind to quantum dots. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, CdSe2 surrounded by ZnS1.
Consider a quantum dot consisting of CdSe / ZnS quantum dots. Since the semiconductor CdSe2 has an energy gap of about 1.7 eV and the semiconductor ZnS1 has an energy gap of about 3.8 eV, the potential structure of the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots is a well-type potential having an energy difference of about 1.1 eV. (Figure 2). Also, 2
It can also be seen that when two CdSe / ZnS quantum dots are brought sufficiently close together, the doped electrons can conduct due to the tunnel effect, as shown in FIG. How close the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots bound to the amino acids are to each other depends on the size of the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots and the configurational arrangement of the amino acids bound to the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots. Since the size of the CdSe / ZnS quantum dot can be made to a desired size from about 1 nm to several tens of nm, the size necessary for the several types of design described later can be taken. it can. There are several known methods for binding CdSe / ZnS quantum dots to biomolecules (References (36) (37) (42) above).
(43)). In addition, application as a marker for investigating the function of biomolecules in vivo has also been reported (see the above-mentioned document (3
8) (39) (40) (41) (44) (45)). Here, in that,
Mercaptoacetic acid _{(mercaptoacetic acid) -S-CH 2} -
Coupling by CO—NH— (above Reference (35)) will be performed. In this case, S of mercaptoacetic acid is CdSe / Zn.
It binds to ZnS1 around the S quantum dots and NH binds to amino acids. Therefore, here, HS- is used as the side chain.
Unnatural amino acids having CH ₂ -CO-NH- Prepare (referred to herein as Lnk), it synthesizes the artificial protein incorporated into the appropriate location of the amino acid sequence. Then, after the artificial protein is synthesized and has a three-dimensional structure, CdSe / ZnS quantum dots are bound to the protein by chemical means (above reference (35)). At that time, the surroundings of the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots were covered with —S—CH ₂ COOH as shown in FIG.
Covering the outer circumference of the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots is an obstacle to binding the Se / ZnS quantum dots.
The portions other than the binding with amino acids of the -CH ₂ COOH chemically removed. By doing so, it is possible to construct a coupled quantum dot having a desired three-dimensional structure.

(2) Recognition of amino acids When a new non-natural amino acid is introduced into a protein, the tRNA must selectively recognize the amino acid and have an anticodon corresponding to the codon designating the amino acid. . In particular, in order for the tRNA to be correctly linked to the target amino acid, the corresponding aminoacyl tRNA
Requires a synthase (aaRS). That is, it is found that it is necessary to prepare a new aaRS in order to introduce the unnatural amino acid.

Since it has been already proved that such an operation is possible in principle (Reference (23) above), it is necessary to compare the unnatural amino acid having a side chain with conductivity and magnetism here. Can be considered to be designable.

Therefore, here, the DN encoding the Lnk is used.
A, the non-natural base pair s, y introduced by Yokoyama et al. To produce RNA (above reference (22)) is introduced. Then, yAG (A and G are natural base pairs adenine and guanine) is taken as the codon encoding Lnk, and CUs is taken as the anticodon of the tRNA that recognizes it. It has been demonstrated that these can be incorporated at any position (Reference (19) above).

(3) One-dimensional chain-like bond structure First, a quantum dot having a basic one-dimensional chain-like bond structure is specifically prepared for constructing the structure. This system is simple but has theoretically interesting results ((54) R.
Ugajin: "Hubbard gap tunneling in quantum dot chai
n: an investigation using absorption spectra ", Phys.
Rev. Lett. 80, 572-575, (1998) (55) R. Ugajin: "Hubbard-g
ap tunneling in disordered quantum-dot chains ", Phy
s. Rev. B59, 4952-4960, (1999)). Here, it is considered that influenza virus hemagglutinin is taken as a typical protein having a long α-helix and a part of its amino acid sequence is changed to Lnk which is an unnatural amino acid. The abbreviations in Table 1 are used below for proteins.

[0038]               Table 1 Abbreviations for each amino acid (one-letter and three-letter notation)           −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−             1 letter 3 letters Name of amino acid           −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−               A Ala alanine Alanine               C Cys cysteine               D Asp aspartate               E Glu glutamate Glutamic acid               F Phe phenylalanine               G Gly glycine Glycine               H His histidine               I Ile isoleucine Isoleucine               K Lys lysine lysine               L Leu leucine Leucine               M Met methionine               N Asn asparagine               P Pro proline               Q Gln glutamine Glutamine               R Arg arginine               S Ser serine Serine               T Thr threonine Threonine               V Val valine Valin               W Trp tryptophan Tryptophan               Y Tyr tyrosine Tyrosine             -----------------

The three-dimensional structure of this protein has been determined by Bullough et al. Using X-ray structural analysis ((56) PA
Bullough, FMHughson, JJSkehel, and DCWiley: "Str
ucture of influenza haemagglutinin at the Ph of me
mbrane fusion ", Nature (London), 371,37-43, (1994)),
The information can be found in Protein Data Bank (PDB, http: //www.rcsb.or
It is registered in g / pdb /) (Registration ID: 1HTM). This protein contains three long (about 10 nm) α-helices. Here, one α-helix composed of 64 residues from the 41st residue Thr to the 104th residue Asn is taken, and it is considered to change a part of the amino acids to Lnk.

One turn of the α-helix is composed of 3.6 residues, and its pitch is 0.54 nm. Therefore, by changing the amino acid to Lnk every 7 residues and binding a CdSe / ZnS quantum dot with a diameter of about 1 nm to its side chain, the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots are close to each other and chained as shown in FIG. It can be seen that the structure is arranged in a line. In this case, 9 residues can be changed, and specifically (42: Gln), (49: Asn),
(56: Ile), (63: Phe), (70: Ph)
e), (77: Ile), (84: Val), (91:
Leu) and (98: Leu) are all L
Change to nk. The α-helix is a relatively stable structure, and it can be expected that the structure will be maintained by changing a few residues.

Based on this design, a combined quantum dot having a one-dimensional chain structure can be constructed by using the above-mentioned transcription-translation biosynthesis and the side chain-quantum dot combination method.

(4) Helical Structure Next, a coupled quantum dot having a helical structure is constructed. H of lactose-binding tetanus toxin as the underlying protein
c fragment. The ID of the PDB is 1DLL. The three-dimensional structure of this protein was determined by Emsley et al. ((57) P. Emsley, C. Fotinou, I. Black, NFFairw.
eather, IGCharles, C.Watts, E.Wewitt, and NWIsaac
s: "The structures of the H (C) fragment of tetanus t
oxin with carbohydrate subunit complexes provide in
sight into canglioside binding ", J. Biol. Chem. 275,88
89, (2000)). This protein takes one of the typical secondary structural motifs, the jelly roll barrel. This is shown in the area surrounded by a broken line in FIG. This is a structure in which 17 stable β-strands having a secondary structure are gathered to form a barrel, which is considered to be relatively stable against a small number of amino acid exchanges. This secondary structure motif is composed of residues 885 to 1092.
There are 15 β-strands of interest, and the N of the amino acid sequence is
Numbers assigned to secondary structures in the order of appearance from the end to the C-terminal are 4 (885-888) and 5 (889-8), respectively.
92), 7 (895-898), 9 (905-90)
8), 15 (933-936), 21 (950-95).
7), 25 (973-978), 27 (990-99)
6), 29 (999-1005), 31 (1011-1)
017), 33 (1032-1038), 35 (104)
3-1048), 37 (1051-1057), 39.
(1069-1075), 41 (1084-1092)
(The numbers in parentheses are the numbers of residues constituting the strand).

As shown in FIG. 5, in order to arrange the quantum dots in a spiral fashion, starting with the β-strands of 4,
→ 41 → 21 → 33 → 35 → 37 → 31 → 29 → 27 →
25 → 39 → 15 → 9 → 7 → 5 → 41 → 21 → 33 → 3
Consider constructing a helical structure such as 5 → 37 → 31 → 29 → 27 → 25 → 39 (the underline represents the strand passing through the second turn of the helix). Therefore, in each strand, 4 (886: Ile), 41 (1085: Ser,
1091: Ile), 21 (951: Thr, 955:
Trp), 33 (1033: Phe, 1037: Th
r), 35 (1044: Ala, 1048: Ile),
37 (1052: Leu, 1056: Ala), 31
(1012: Arg, 1016: Phe), 29 (10
00: Leu, 1004: Leu), 27 (991: T)
rp, 995: Leu), 25 (974: Tyr, 97).
8: Ser), 39 (1070: Ile, 1074: L)
eu), 15 (934: Ile), 9 (906: Va)
l), 7 (896: Ile), 5 (890: Asp),
The amino acid sequence in which each residue of is changed to Lnk is designed.

From this design, a coupled quantum dot system having a helical structure can be produced by performing biosynthesis and coupling of quantum dots in the same manner as above. By using this technique to arrange coupled quantum dots with a helical structure around quantum wires, devices with novel functions ((58)
R. Ugajin: "Charge transfer device", US Patent 5,828,
090 (October 27, 1998)) can also be realized.

(5) Branch structure Next, a branch structure is constructed. As the original protein,
Take the DD-peptidase enzyme that acts on penicillin.
This three-dimensional structure is based on Kelly et al. ((59) JAKelly, JRKnox, H.
Zhao, JMFrere, and JMGhuysen: "The refined crysta
llographic structure of a DD-peptidase penicillin-
target enzyme at 1.6Å resolution ", J. Mol. Biol., 25
4,223, (1995)) (PDB I
D: 3PTE). Numbers assigned to the secondary structure by the same procedure as above, 54 (317-323), 4 (25-32),
Considering the β-strand of 6 (35-42) (the number in the parentheses is the number of residues constituting the strand), a structure is designed in which 54-4 is one branch and 4-6 is two branches (FIG. 6). .

Specifically, in each strand, 54 (32
0: Thr), 4 (26: Ala, 30: Val), 6
(35: Thr, 37: His, 39: Leu, 41:
An amino acid sequence in which each residue of Glu) is changed to Lnk is designed. From this, a coupled quantum dot having a branched structure can be produced by the same procedure as described above.

(6) Higher-order structure A typical higher-order structure, which is a multi-layered structure or a fractal structure, is formed by combining the three basic structures up to the preceding section, a spiral structure, a branched structure, and a one-dimensional chain structure. As a specific example, it can be seen that the multiple winding helix structure may be formed by branching both elements to be bonded as a bond with a distant site based on the helix structure and connecting them with a one-dimensional chain. A fractal structure can also be realized by combining branches and one-dimensional chains in a self-similar manner. Therefore, it is understood that these higher-order structures can also be manufactured by the method here.

Second Embodiment In the second embodiment, a plurality of polynucleotide chains containing a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure is included, and at least the microstructure in the plurality of polynucleotide chains is bound to the microstructure. The functional material in which the arrangement in space of one or more microstructures is determined by the three-dimensional structure obtained by binding at least a pair of polynucleotide chains including the above-described polynucleotide chain with complementary base pairs will be described.

(1) Bonding of DNA chain and quantum dot Here, as shown in FIG.
Consider coupling dSe / ZnS quantum dots.
The details of this CdSe / ZnS quantum dot are the first embodiment.
As stated in the state. In this case, as a linker −
S- (CH₂) ₆By using −, CdSe / ZnS
Quantum dots can be attached to the ends of DNA chains
(Reference (31) above).

CdSe / Zn at any position of the DNA chain 4
In order to bind the S quantum dots, it is used that the DNA chain 4 forms a pair with a DNA chain having a complementary base sequence. One long DNA chain is prepared, and a short DNA chain having a complementary nucleotide sequence at its intended position is brought. Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots may be bonded to the ends of the short DNA chain using the above-described linker, and the resulting CdSe / ZnS quantum dots may be bonded to the long DNA chain. It can also be seen that by changing the length and the number of short DNA chains, an arbitrary number of CdSe / ZnS quantum dots can be placed at arbitrary positions in the base sequence of a long DNA chain.

(2) One-dimensional chain-like bond structure First, a quantum dot having a one-dimensional chain-like bond structure, which is basic in constructing the structure, is specifically prepared. As already mentioned, this system has simple but theoretically interesting results (References (54) (55) above).

2 consisting of two normal complementary DNA strands
Think of a heavy helix. DNA molecules are mainly B in cells
It is known to have a structure called a type ((60) TA
Brown: "Genomes" (BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxfor
d, 1999)). In this structure, the helix diameter is 2.37n.
At 10 m, the pitch is 1 pitch (3.4 nm). The typical size of the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots used here is from 1 nm to ten and several nm. So long D
The NA chain is 100 bases long and has a short DN
The length of the A chain is 10 bases, and CdS is added to its 5'-end.
It is assumed that ten e / ZnS quantum dots are combined. As shown in FIG. 9, here, it is assumed that the short DNA chains each have an appropriate base sequence and can be arranged complementary to the long DNA chains by binding with base pairs.

The double chain thus formed has a helical structure of 10 cycles, at which time CdSe / Z bound as described above is used.
It can be seen that the nS quantum dots have a one-dimensional chain structure as shown in FIG. At this time, since the center-to-center distance between the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots is about 3.4 nm, it can be seen that the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots can be coupled within the size range.

(3) Helical Structure Next, it is considered to arrange the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots in a helical structure. Therefore, under the same conditions as in (2) above, a long DNA chain having a length of 110 bases is used, and a short DNA chain having a length of 11 bases is used.
Ten CdSe / ZnS quantum dots bound to the ends are taken.

When the double chain thus formed has a helical structure of 11 periods, CdSe / Zn bonded as described above
It can be seen that the S quantum dots have a spiral structure with one period as shown in FIG. At this time, the center-to-center distance between the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots is about 4.03 nm, and thus it is possible to combine the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots within the typical size range of the CdSe / ZnS quantum dots.

In addition, CdSe is provided for each one-stranded DNA chain.
It can also be seen that if the / ZnS quantum dots are combined, a spiral structure in which the distance between the centers of the quantum dots is about 1.53 nm is obtained.

Furthermore, a helical structure can be similarly designed for A type (helical diameter 2.55 nm, pitch is 3.2 nm with 11 base pairs) which is a three-dimensional structure of different DNA molecules.

(4) Branching structure Next, a branching structure is constructed. Here, it is assumed that a CdSe / ZnS quantum dot is bound to the tip of the leg of a DNA molecule having two branches and used as a component to form a branched structure by connecting them.

First, as shown in FIG. 12, a DNA molecule having two branches is designed. In addition to the two DNA strands required to construct a normal double helix, one more
Prepare this DNA strand. A, B, C of those DNA chains
Name it. Further, each DNA chain is divided into two parts, which are represented by A (B, C) ₁ and A (B, C) ₂ , respectively. It is understood that in order for these three DNA strands to bind with each other to partially complementary strands and successfully form one structure, the following conditions are satisfied.

A ₁ = B ₂ bar B ₁ = C ₂ bar (2) C ₁ = A ₂ bar Here, X bar represents a complementary chain of the partial chain X. Specifically, it is assumed that a double helix having a length of 10 base pairs is projected from each branched portion. C at the tip
If dSe / ZnS quantum dots are combined, the distance between the centers of the quantum dots is about 5.88 nm, which is a designable size. In addition, in practice, in order to selectively bind DNA chains to each other, a certain partial chain is designed so as not to have a complementary strand relationship with other than the target partial chain.

When the bifurcated DNA was prepared by the above method, 10
If one CdSe / ZnS quantum dot is bonded to the base, a two-branched structure of CdSe / ZnS quantum dot can be formed.

Further, seven CdSe / ZnS quantum dot-bonded two-branched DNAs were prepared and subjected to Zhang and Seem.
By combining them as shown in FIG. 13 by the method described in an ((61) J.Am.Chem.Soc., 114,2656-2663, (1992)), a three-stage bifurcated structure is obtained. Can be made.

With this method, only a planar branch structure can be constructed, but in practice, a 3-branch structure and a 4-branch structure other than the 2-branch structure can also be constructed. Therefore, they are combined and described in the previous section. It is understood that a branched structure in a three-dimensional space can also be constructed by appropriately introducing a spiral structure in the middle. Thereby, a fractal structure can also be produced.

(5) Multiple winding helix structure As described in the section of the prior art, the multiple winding spiral structure is
In addition to the basic one-dimensional chain and the helical structure, it is constructed by taking a long-period interelement bond. Therefore, based on the helical structure constructed in (3) above,
By introducing the two-branched structure of 2 in a long period and connecting the branches with a one-dimensional chain structure, a double-wound helical structure can be formed. Similarly, it is possible to introduce a higher-order long-period structure, and a general multi-turn helix structure can also be formed.

(6) Application By using the technique here, it is possible to fabricate a coupled quantum dot in which semiconductor quantum dots are spatially arranged. For example, it is known that a device having a novel function can be realized by arranging a coupled quantum dot having a spiral structure around a quantum wire (Reference (39) above).

In addition, the coupled quantum dot is a quantum calculation ((62) PB
enioff: "The Computer as a Physical System: A Micros
copic Quantum Mechanical Hamiltonian Model of Comp
uters as Represented by Turing Machines ", J.Stat.Ph
ys., 22,563-591, (1980) (63) R. Feynman: "Quantum Mecha
nical Computers ", Opt.News, 11,11-20, (1985) (64) D.De
utsch: "Quantum Theory, the Church-Turing Principle,
and the Universal Quantum Computer ", Proc.Roy.Soc.L
ondon, Ser.A400,97-117, (1985) (65) MANielsen and
ILChuang: "Quantum Computation and Quantum Inform
ation ", (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 20
(00)) has been well studied as a system expected to be realized ((66) A. Barenco, D. Deutsch, and A. Ekert: Phys. Rev. Le.
tt., 74,4083, (1995) (67) D.Loss and DPDiVincenzo: "
Quantum Computation with QuantumDots ", Phys.Rev.A5
7,120, (1998) (68) VN Golvach and D. Loss: "Electron
Spins in Artificial Atoms and Molecules for Quantu
m Computing ", Special Issue of Semiconductor Science
and Technology, "Semiconductor Spintronics", ed.HO
hno, (2002)). By using the technique described here,
Since it is possible to construct a coupled quantum dot having a higher-order coupled structure as well as a one-dimensional coupled structure, a conventionally known quantum algorithm ((69) D. Deutsch and R. Jozsa: "Ra
pid Solution of Problems by Quantum Computation ", P
roc.Roy.Soc.London, A439,553-558, (1992) (70) PWSho
r: "Algorithms for Quantum Computation: Discrete Lo
garithmsand Factoring ", Proceedings of the 35th Ann
ual Symposium on Foundation of Computer Science, 12
4-134, (1994) (71) LKGrover: "A fast quantum mechan
ical algorithm for database search ", Proceedings of
the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on the Theory of Co
mputing, 212-219, (1996)), and the realization of a completely new quantum algorithm that takes advantage of the geometrical properties of coupling can be expected.

The embodiments of the present invention have been specifically described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made based on the technical idea of the present invention.

For example, the numerical values, materials, structures, shapes, etc. mentioned in the above embodiments are merely examples, and numerical values, materials, structures, shapes, etc. different from these may be used if necessary.

[0069]

Industrial Applicability As described above, according to the present invention, the three-dimensional structure of a peptide bond chain consisting of an amino acid sequence in which an amino acid having a side chain to which a microstructure selectively binds is incorporated at a predetermined position Determining the arrangement of one or more microstructures in space, or including a plurality of polynucleotide chains including a polynucleotide chain bound to the microstructures, and binding at least the microstructures in the plurality of polynucleotide chains Since the arrangement of one or more microstructures in space is determined by the three-dimensional structure formed by binding a pair of polynucleotide chains including complementary polynucleotide chains with complementary base pairs, a functional material exhibiting abundant physical properties It is possible to obtain a large amount at low cost, and use this functional material to implement various highly functional electronic devices or quantum devices. It can be.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a Cd used in a first embodiment of the present invention.
It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure of Se / ZnS quantum dot.

FIG. 2 is Cd used in the first embodiment of the present invention.
It is a schematic diagram which shows the energy band of Se / ZnS quantum dot.

FIG. 3 shows two Cd's according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the tunnel effect when Se / ZnS quantum dots approach.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a combination of CdSe / ZnS quantum dots at every 7 amino acid residues of α-helix in the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing spirally bonded CdSe / ZnS quantum dots in the jellyroll barrel in the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a CdSe / ZnS quantum dot spirally bound to a jellyroll barrel in the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows CdSe / in the second embodiment of the present invention.
It is an approximate line figure showing signs that a DNA chain has combined with a ZnS quantum dot.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a CdSe / ZnS quantum dot bound to a DNA chain by using a linker in the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a CdSe / ZnS quantum dot bound to a DNA chain by using a linker in the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a CdSe / ZnS quantum dot bound to a DNA chain by using a linker in the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a CdSe / ZnS quantum dot bound to a DNA chain by using a linker in the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a CdSe / ZnS quantum dot bound to a DNA chain by using a linker in the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a CdSe / ZnS quantum dot bound to a DNA chain by using a linker in the second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... ZnS, 2 ... CdSe

Claims (37)

[Claims] 1. A microstructure comprises a peptide binding chain consisting of an amino acid sequence having an amino acid having a side chain to which it selectively binds at a predetermined position, and one or more of the above-mentioned peptides depending on the three-dimensional structure taken by the peptide binding chain. A functional material characterized in that the arrangement of the microstructures in the space is determined. 2. The functional material according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the microstructures are provided, and at least two of the microstructures are bonded to each other. 3. The functional material according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the fine structures are provided, and the plurality of the fine structures are bonded to each other. 4. The functional material according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of the fine structures, and the plurality of the fine structures are arranged in a one-dimensional chain. 5. The functional material according to claim 1, wherein the functional material has a plurality of the microstructures, and the plurality of microstructures are arranged in a spiral shape. 6. The functional material according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the fine structures are provided, and the plurality of the fine structures are arranged so as to have a branched structure. 7. The functional material according to claim 6, wherein the branched structure is a fractal structure. 8. The functional material according to claim 1, wherein the functional material has a plurality of the microstructures, and the plurality of microstructures are arranged so as to have a multiplexed hierarchical structure. 9. The functional material according to claim 1, wherein the amino acid having a side chain to which the microstructure is selectively bound is an unnatural amino acid. 10. The functional material according to claim 1, wherein the microstructure is a nanostructure. 11. The functional material according to claim 1, wherein the microstructure is a quantum dot. 12. The functional material according to claim 11, wherein the quantum dots are semiconductor quantum dots. 13. The semiconductor quantum dot is composed of CdSe whose periphery is covered with ZnS.
2. The functional material described in 2. 14. The functional material according to claim 13, wherein the side chain is mercaptoacetic acid. 15. An amino acid having a side chain to which a microstructure selectively binds is incorporated at a predetermined position of a peptide binding chain consisting of an amino acid sequence, and the peptide binding chain is allowed to have a predetermined three-dimensional structure to form one or A method for producing a functional material, characterized in that the arrangement of a plurality of the minute structures in the space is determined. 16. A pair of polynucleotide chains comprising a plurality of polynucleotide chains including a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure, wherein at least a pair of polynucleotide chains in the plurality of polynucleotide chains include a polynucleotide chain bound to the microstructure. The functional material is characterized in that the spatial arrangement of one or a plurality of the microstructures is determined by the three-dimensional structure obtained by binding with a complementary base pair. 17. The functional material according to claim 16, wherein a plurality of the microstructures are provided, and at least two of the microstructures are bonded to each other. 18. The functional material according to claim 16, comprising a plurality of the microstructures, and the plurality of microstructures are bonded to each other. 19. The functional material according to claim 16, wherein a plurality of the microstructures are provided, and the plurality of microstructures are arranged in a one-dimensional chain. 20. The functional material according to claim 16, comprising a plurality of the fine structures, and the plurality of the fine structures are arranged in a spiral shape. 21. The functional material according to claim 16, comprising a plurality of the fine structures, and the plurality of the fine structures are arranged so as to have a branched structure. 22. The functional material according to claim 21, wherein the branched structure is a fractal structure. 23. The functional material according to claim 16, wherein a plurality of the microstructures are provided, and the plurality of the microstructures are arranged so as to have a multiplexed hierarchical structure. 24. The functional material according to claim 16, wherein the microstructure is a nanostructure. 25. The functional material according to claim 16, wherein the microstructure is a quantum dot. 26. The functional material according to claim 25, wherein the quantum dots are semiconductor quantum dots. 27. The semiconductor quantum dot is composed of CdSe having a periphery covered with ZnS.
6. The functional material according to 6. 28. The functional material according to claim 16, wherein the microstructure is bound to the polynucleotide chain by using a linker composed of mercaptoacetic acid. 29. A plurality of polynucleotide chains containing a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure are prepared, and a pair of polynucleotides containing at least the polynucleotide chain bound to the microstructure in the plurality of polynucleotide chains. A method for producing a functional material, characterized in that a predetermined three-dimensional structure is formed by binding chains with complementary base pairs so that the arrangement of one or a plurality of the microstructures in space is determined. 30. A microstructure comprises a peptide binding chain comprising an amino acid sequence having an amino acid having a side chain to which it selectively binds at a predetermined position, and one or more of the above-mentioned peptides depending on the three-dimensional structure of the peptide binding chain. An electronic device using a functional material in which the arrangement of a microstructure in a space is determined. 31. An amino acid having a side chain to which a microstructure selectively binds is incorporated at a predetermined position of a peptide bond chain consisting of an amino acid sequence, and the peptide bond chain is allowed to have a predetermined three-dimensional structure to form one or A method for manufacturing an electronic device, comprising: arranging a plurality of the microstructures in a space to manufacture a functional material. 32. A pair of polynucleotide chains comprising a plurality of polynucleotide chains comprising a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure, wherein at least a pair of polynucleotide chains in said plurality of polynucleotide chains comprises a polynucleotide chain bound to said microstructure. An electronic device comprising a functional material in which the arrangement of one or a plurality of the microstructures in space is determined by a three-dimensional structure obtained by binding with a complementary base pair. 33. A plurality of polynucleotide chains containing a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure are prepared, and a pair of polynucleotides containing at least the polynucleotide chain bound to the microstructure in the plurality of polynucleotide chains. An electron characterized by having a step of forming a predetermined three-dimensional structure by binding the chains with complementary base pairs and determining the arrangement of one or a plurality of the above-mentioned microstructures in a space to produce a functional material. Device manufacturing method. 34. A microstructure comprises a peptide binding chain comprising an amino acid sequence having an amino acid having a side chain to which it selectively binds at a predetermined position, and one or more of the above-mentioned ones depending on the three-dimensional structure of the peptide binding chain. A quantum device characterized by using a functional material whose arrangement of microstructures in a space is determined. 35. An amino acid having a side chain to which a microstructure selectively binds is incorporated at a predetermined position of a peptide bond chain consisting of an amino acid sequence, and the peptide bond chain is allowed to have a predetermined three-dimensional structure to form one or A method of manufacturing a quantum device, comprising a step of manufacturing a functional material by arranging a plurality of microstructures in a space. 36. A pair of polynucleotide chains comprising a plurality of polynucleotide chains comprising a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure, wherein at least a pair of polynucleotide chains in said plurality of polynucleotide chains comprises a polynucleotide chain bound to said microstructure. A quantum device using a functional material in which the arrangement of one or a plurality of the microstructures in the space is determined by a three-dimensional structure obtained by binding with a complementary base pair. 37. A plurality of polynucleotide chains containing a polynucleotide chain bound to a microstructure are prepared, and a pair of polynucleotides containing at least the polynucleotide chain bound to the microstructure in the plurality of polynucleotide chains. A quantum having a step of producing a functional material by causing a predetermined three-dimensional structure to be formed by binding chains with complementary base pairs, and determining the arrangement of one or a plurality of the microstructures in space. Device manufacturing method.