JP2003331856A - Electric power generator - Google Patents
Electric power generatorInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003331856A JP2003331856A JP2002141040A JP2002141040A JP2003331856A JP 2003331856 A JP2003331856 A JP 2003331856A JP 2002141040 A JP2002141040 A JP 2002141040A JP 2002141040 A JP2002141040 A JP 2002141040A JP 2003331856 A JP2003331856 A JP 2003331856A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- solid oxide
- oxide fuel
- combustor
- turbine engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、ガスタービンエン
ジンと固体電解質型燃料電池とを一体に備えた発電装置
に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power generator that integrally includes a gas turbine engine and a solid oxide fuel cell.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】特表２００１−５１６９３５号公報に
は、ターボマシンと燃料電池とを組み合わせたハイブリ
ッド電力システムが記載されている。ターボマシンはコ
ンバスタで燃料を燃焼させて発生した高圧ガスでパワー
タービンを回転させることでジェネレータを駆動して発
電を行い、燃料電池はターボマシンのコンプレッサおよ
び復熱器を通過して加熱された空気と燃料とを反応させ
て発電を行う。2. Description of the Related Art Japanese Patent Publication No. 2001-516935 discloses a hybrid electric power system in which a turbomachine and a fuel cell are combined. The turbomachine drives the generator by rotating the power turbine with the high-pressure gas generated by burning the fuel in the combustor to generate electricity, and the fuel cell passes through the compressor and recuperator of the turbomachine to heat the heated air. And react with fuel to generate electricity.
【０００３】米国特許第６２１３２３４号明細書には、
ガスタービンエンジンで駆動される燃料電池およびジェ
ネレータを備えた車両が記載されている。車両を駆動す
るのに必要な最大電力の約５０％未満を燃料電池から供
給することで、燃料電池を無闇に大型化することなく燃
料消費量の節減を図り、また車両の必要電力が小さいと
きに、燃料電池は必要電力の全てあるいは大部分を効率
的に供給する。US Pat. No. 6,213,234 discloses that
A vehicle with a fuel cell and a generator driven by a gas turbine engine is described. By supplying less than about 50% of the maximum electric power required to drive the vehicle from the fuel cell, it is possible to reduce the fuel consumption without enlarging the fuel cell inevitably and when the electric power required by the vehicle is small. In addition, fuel cells efficiently supply all or most of the required power.
【０００４】米国特許第６２５５０１０号明細書には、
ガスタービンエンジン、燃料電池およびジェネレータを
含む発電装置を共通の圧力容器内に収納して加圧状態で
運転するものが記載されている。US Pat. No. 6,255,010 describes
It describes that a power generation device including a gas turbine engine, a fuel cell and a generator is housed in a common pressure vessel and operated in a pressurized state.
【０００５】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところで、ガスタービ
ンエンジンと固体電解質型燃料電池とを一体に備えた発
電装置において、ガスタービンエンジンの燃焼器が発生
する廃熱を利用して固体電解質型燃料電池を活性化させ
る場合に、ガスタービンエンジンと固体電解質型燃料電
池とを離間して配置したり、ガスタービンエンジンに燃
料電池を単純に組み合わるだけでは廃熱を有効に利用す
ることは困難である。By the way, in a power generator having a gas turbine engine and a solid oxide fuel cell integrally, a solid oxide fuel cell utilizing waste heat generated by a combustor of the gas turbine engine. When activating the exhaust gas, it is difficult to effectively utilize the waste heat by disposing the gas turbine engine and the solid oxide fuel cell apart from each other or simply combining the fuel cell with the gas turbine engine. .
【０００６】本発明は前述の事情に鑑みてなされたもの
で、ガスタービンエンジンと固体電解質型燃料電池とを
一体に備えた発電装置において、ガスタービンエンジン
の燃焼器の廃熱を有効利用して固体電解質型燃料電池の
活性化を図ることを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and in a power generator having a gas turbine engine and a solid oxide fuel cell integrated, the waste heat of the combustor of the gas turbine engine is effectively used. The purpose is to activate a solid oxide fuel cell.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に、請求項１に記載された発明によれば、ガスタービン
エンジンと固体電解質型燃料電池とを一体に備えた発電
装置であって、ガスタービンエンジンはコンプレッサホ
イール、タービンホイール、熱交換器および燃焼器を含
み、コンプレッサホイールは圧縮空気を熱交換器を介し
て固体電解質型燃料電池および燃焼器に供給し、タービ
ンホイールは固体電解質型燃料電池および燃焼器からの
排ガスにより駆動されてコンプレッサホイールを駆動
し、熱交換器はタービンホイールからの排ガスとコンプ
レッサホイールからの圧縮空気との間で熱交換を行うも
のにおいて、熱交換器、燃焼器および固体電解質型燃料
電池をコンプレッサホイールおよびタービンホイールよ
りなる回転部の軸線上に配置するとともに、燃焼器の半
径方向外側を囲むように固体電解質型燃料電池を配置し
たことを特徴とする発電装置が提案される。In order to achieve the above object, according to the invention described in claim 1, there is provided a power generation device integrally including a gas turbine engine and a solid oxide fuel cell, The gas turbine engine includes a compressor wheel, a turbine wheel, a heat exchanger and a combustor, the compressor wheel supplies compressed air to the solid oxide fuel cell and the combustor through the heat exchanger, and the turbine wheel is a solid oxide fuel. The heat exchanger, the combustor, which drives the compressor wheel driven by the exhaust gas from the battery and the combustor, and the heat exchanger exchanges heat between the exhaust gas from the turbine wheel and the compressed air from the compressor wheel. And solid oxide fuel cell, the axis of the rotating part consisting of compressor wheel and turbine wheel As well as arranged in the power generation device is proposed which is characterized in that a solid oxide fuel cell so as to surround the radially outer of the combustor.
【０００８】上記構成によれば、熱交換器、燃焼器およ
び固体電解質型燃料電池をコンプレッサホイールおよび
タービンホイールよりなる回転部の軸線上に配置し、燃
焼器の半径方向外側を囲むように固体電解質型燃料電池
を配置したので、燃焼器が発生する熱を固体電解質型燃
料電池で回収して外部に逃げるのを抑制し、発電効率の
向上を図ることができる。特に、始動初期の固体電解質
型燃料電池を燃焼器が発生する熱で効果的に加熱するこ
とにより早期に活性化を促進させることができる。According to the above structure, the heat exchanger, the combustor, and the solid oxide fuel cell are arranged on the axis of the rotating portion composed of the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel, and the solid electrolyte is surrounded so as to surround the combustor in the radial direction. Since the type fuel cell is arranged, it is possible to suppress the heat generated by the combustor from being recovered by the solid oxide fuel cell and escape to the outside, and to improve the power generation efficiency. Particularly, by effectively heating the solid oxide fuel cell in the initial stage of startup with the heat generated by the combustor, activation can be promoted early.
【０００９】また請求項２に記載された発明によれば、
請求項１の構成に加えて、燃焼器を作動させることでガ
スタービンエンジンを始動し、ガスタービンエンジンの
廃熱で固体電解質型燃料電池が活性化した後に、燃焼器
の作動を停止することを特徴とする発電装置が提案され
る。According to the invention described in claim 2,
In addition to the configuration of claim 1, it is possible to start the gas turbine engine by operating the combustor, and to stop the operation of the combustor after the solid oxide fuel cell is activated by the waste heat of the gas turbine engine. A featured power generator is proposed.
【００１０】上記構成によれば、ガスタービンエンジン
の始動時にのみ燃焼器を作動させ、ガスタービンエンジ
ンの廃熱で固体電解質型燃料電池が活性化すると燃焼器
の作動を停止するので、固体電解質型燃料電池に比べて
燃料消費量が大きい燃焼器の作動を最小限に抑えて発電
効率を高めることができる。According to the above structure, the combustor is operated only when the gas turbine engine is started, and when the solid electrolyte fuel cell is activated by the waste heat of the gas turbine engine, the operation of the combustor is stopped. It is possible to minimize the operation of the combustor, which consumes a large amount of fuel as compared with the fuel cell, and improve the power generation efficiency.
【００１１】[0011]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を、添
付図面に示した本発明の実施例に基づいて説明する。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below based on the embodiments of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawings.
【００１２】図１および図２は本発明の第１実施例を示
すもので、図１は発電装置の縦断面図、図２は図１の２
−２線断面図である。1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a power generator, and FIG.
FIG.
【００１３】図１および図２には、ガスタービンエンジ
ンＧＴに固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣを一体化した発電装
置が示される。ガスタービンエンジンＧＴは概略カップ
状の前部ケーシング１１を備えており、前部ケーシング
１１の内面に沿うように形成された第１圧縮空気通路１
２の上流側に、図示せぬエアクリーナおよびサイレンサ
に連なる吸気通路１３が接続される。吸気通路１３の中
央を貫通して一対のベアリング１４，１５で支持された
回転軸１６には、遠心式のコンプレッサホイール１７と
遠心式のタービンホイール１８とが隣接して同軸に固定
される。コンプレッサホイール１７の外周に放射状に形
成された複数のコンプレッサブレード１７ａ…は前記吸
気通路１３に臨んでおり、これらコンプレッサブレード
１７ａ…の直下流に位置する第１圧縮空気通路１２に複
数のコンプレッサディフューザ１９…が設けられる。回
転軸１６の前端にはタービンホイール１８により駆動さ
れるジェネレータＧＥが設けられる。1 and 2 show a power generator in which a solid oxide fuel cell FC is integrated with a gas turbine engine GT. The gas turbine engine GT is provided with a substantially cup-shaped front casing 11, and a first compressed air passage 1 formed along the inner surface of the front casing 11.
On the upstream side of 2, an intake passage 13 connected to an air cleaner and a silencer (not shown) is connected. A centrifugal compressor wheel 17 and a centrifugal turbine wheel 18 are adjacent and fixed coaxially to a rotating shaft 16 which is supported by a pair of bearings 14 and 15 penetrating the center of the intake passage 13. A plurality of compressor blades 17a radially formed on the outer periphery of the compressor wheel 17 face the intake passage 13, and a plurality of compressor diffusers 19 are provided in the first compressed air passage 12 located immediately downstream of these compressor blades 17a. ... is provided. A generator GE driven by a turbine wheel 18 is provided at the front end of the rotary shaft 16.
【００１４】前部ケーシング１１の後端に円環状に形成
された伝熱型の熱交換器２０が配置される。熱交換器２
０は多数枚の金属薄板を放射方向に配置することで圧縮
空気通路と排ガス通路とを円周方向に交互に形成したも
ので、後端外周寄りの位置に第１圧縮空気通路１２の下
流端に連なる圧縮空気入口２１を備えるとともに前端内
周寄りの位置に圧縮空気出口２２を備え、前端外周寄り
の位置に排ガス入口２３を備えるとともに後端内周寄り
の位置に大気に連なる排ガス出口２４を備える。熱交換
器２０は、実線矢印で示す比較的に低温の圧縮空気と、
破線矢印で示す比較的に高温の排ガスとを相互に逆方向
に流すことにより、その流路の全長に亘って圧縮空気お
よび排ガス間の温度差を大きく保って熱交換効率を向上
させている。An annular heat transfer type heat exchanger 20 is arranged at the rear end of the front casing 11. Heat exchanger 2
Reference numeral 0 indicates that the compressed air passages and the exhaust gas passages are alternately formed in the circumferential direction by arranging a large number of thin metal plates in the radial direction, and the downstream end of the first compressed air passage 12 is located near the rear end outer circumference. And a compressed air outlet 22 at a position near the front end inner circumference, an exhaust gas inlet 23 at a position near the front end outer circumference, and an exhaust gas outlet 24 connected to the atmosphere at a position near the rear end inner circumference. Prepare The heat exchanger 20 includes relatively low temperature compressed air indicated by a solid arrow,
By flowing the relatively high temperature exhaust gas indicated by the broken line arrow in mutually opposite directions, a large temperature difference between the compressed air and the exhaust gas is maintained over the entire length of the flow path to improve the heat exchange efficiency.
【００１５】熱交換器２０の内周面から後方に向けて段
付き円筒状の後部ケーシング２５が接続されており、後
部ケーシング２５の後半部に円環状に形成された固体電
解質型燃料電池ＦＣが収納される。後部ケーシング２５
の内周面に沿って形成された第２圧縮空気通路２６は、
その上流端が熱交換器２０の圧縮空気出口２２に連な
り、その下流端が固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣの外周部に
連なっている。固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣの半径方向内
側に単缶型の燃焼器２７が配置されており、その後端に
燃料噴射ノズル２８が設けられる。第２圧縮空気通路２
６の中間部分に固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣをバイパスす
る開口を開閉する開閉弁２９…が設けられる。A stepped cylindrical rear casing 25 is connected rearward from the inner peripheral surface of the heat exchanger 20, and a solid electrolyte fuel cell FC formed in an annular shape is formed in the rear half of the rear casing 25. It is stored. Rear casing 25
The second compressed air passage 26 formed along the inner peripheral surface of
The upstream end thereof is connected to the compressed air outlet 22 of the heat exchanger 20, and the downstream end thereof is connected to the outer peripheral portion of the solid oxide fuel cell FC. A single-can combustor 27 is arranged radially inside the solid oxide fuel cell FC, and a fuel injection nozzle 28 is provided at the rear end of the combustor 27. Second compressed air passage 2
On-off valves 29 ... Which open and close an opening bypassing the solid oxide fuel cell FC are provided in the middle portion of 6.
【００１６】回転軸１６の後端に設けられたタービンホ
イール１８の外周に放射状に形成された複数のタービン
ブレード１８ａ…から延びる排ガス通路３０が熱交換器
２０の排ガス入口２３に接続されており、この排ガス通
路３０の半径方向外側が前記第１圧縮空気通路１２によ
って覆われる。タービンホイール１８の後面を覆うよう
に遮熱板３１が配置されており、遮熱板３１の外周部に
タービンブレード１８ａ…に臨むタービンノズル３２…
が設けられる。An exhaust gas passage 30 extending from a plurality of turbine blades 18a radially formed on the outer periphery of a turbine wheel 18 provided at the rear end of the rotary shaft 16 is connected to an exhaust gas inlet 23 of a heat exchanger 20, The outer side of the exhaust gas passage 30 in the radial direction is covered with the first compressed air passage 12. A heat shield plate 31 is arranged so as to cover the rear surface of the turbine wheel 18, and a turbine nozzle 32 facing the turbine blades 18 a is arranged on the outer peripheral portion of the heat shield plate 31.
Is provided.
【００１７】コンプレッサホイール１７およびタービン
ホイール１８で構成される回転部３３を支持する回転軸
１６の軸線Ｌに対して、ガスタービンエンジンＧＴの構
成要素（つまりコンプレッサホイール１７、タービンホ
イール１８、熱交換器２０および燃焼器２７）および固
体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣは軸対称な形状を有している。
そして回転部３３の軸線Ｌ方向後方に形成された空間３
４の半径方向外側に円環状の熱交換器２０が配置され、
更に熱交換器２０の軸線Ｌ方向後方に円環状の固体電解
質型燃料電池ＦＣが配置され、固体電解質型燃料電池Ｆ
Ｃの半径方向内側に燃焼器２７が配置される。The components of the gas turbine engine GT (that is, the compressor wheel 17, the turbine wheel 18, the heat exchanger) with respect to the axis L of the rotating shaft 16 supporting the rotating portion 33 composed of the compressor wheel 17 and the turbine wheel 18. 20 and the combustor 27) and the solid oxide fuel cell FC have an axisymmetric shape.
The space 3 formed behind the rotating portion 33 in the direction of the axis L.
An annular heat exchanger 20 is arranged on the outer side in the radial direction of 4,
Further, an annular solid electrolyte fuel cell FC is arranged behind the heat exchanger 20 in the direction of the axis L, and a solid electrolyte fuel cell F is provided.
The combustor 27 is arranged radially inward of C.
【００１８】公知の固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣは、円環
状の薄板よりなる多数のセルを、それと同形のセパレー
タを挟んで軸線Ｌ方向に重ね合わせたもので、各々のセ
ルはセラミックス系の固体電解質の両側面にカソード
（空気極）およびアノード（燃料極）を積層してなる。
セパレータに形成した通路を通してカソードおよびアノ
ードにそれぞれ空気および燃料を供給し、それらが固体
電解質の界面で反応することで電気エネルギーが発生す
る。A known solid oxide fuel cell FC is a stack of a large number of cells formed of annular thin plates in the direction of the axis L with a separator of the same shape sandwiched therebetween, and each cell is a ceramic solid electrolyte. A cathode (air electrode) and an anode (fuel electrode) are laminated on both side surfaces of.
Air and fuel are supplied to the cathode and the anode through passages formed in the separator, and they react at the interface of the solid electrolyte to generate electric energy.
【００１９】次に、上記構成を備えた本発明の実施例の
作用について説明する。Next, the operation of the embodiment of the present invention having the above structure will be described.
【００２０】発電装置の運転中に、吸気通路１３から吸
い込まれてコンプレッサホイール１７により圧縮された
空気は第１圧縮空気通路１２を経て熱交換器２０に送ら
れ、そこで高温の排ガス（約８００°Ｃ）との間で熱交
換することにより排ガスの温度近くまで加熱される。熱
交換器２０を通過した高温の圧縮空気は第２圧縮空気通
路２６を経て固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣに達し、固体電
解質型燃料電池ＦＣを半径方向外側から半径方向内側に
通過する。一方、固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣに供給され
た天然ガス等の燃料（白抜き矢印参照）は、高温の固体
電解質型燃料電池ＦＣにおいてＨ2 およびＣＯに内部改
質され、熱交換器２０から供給された空気と反応するこ
とで発電が行われる。During operation of the power generator, the air sucked from the intake passage 13 and compressed by the compressor wheel 17 is sent to the heat exchanger 20 via the first compressed air passage 12, where the high-temperature exhaust gas (about 800 ° C.). By exchanging heat with C), it is heated to near the temperature of the exhaust gas. The high-temperature compressed air that has passed through the heat exchanger 20 reaches the solid oxide fuel cell FC through the second compressed air passage 26 and passes through the solid oxide fuel cell FC from the radially outer side to the radially inner side. On the other hand, the fuel such as natural gas supplied to the solid oxide fuel cell FC (see the white arrow) is internally reformed into H 2 and CO in the high temperature solid oxide fuel cell FC and supplied from the heat exchanger 20. Electric power is generated by reacting with the generated air.
【００２１】発電装置の始動時には固体電解質型燃料電
池ＦＣが活性化していないため、燃焼器２７を一時的に
作動させて固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣを活性化温度まで
昇温させる。即ち、コンプレッサホイール１７からの圧
縮空気を熱交換器２０から固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣを
経て燃焼器２７に供給し、その圧縮空気に燃料噴射ノズ
ル２８から噴射した燃料を混合して燃焼させると、高温
の排ガスが熱交換器２０に供給されて熱交換が行われる
ようになり、固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣに供給される圧
縮空気の温度が上昇する。また燃焼器２７で発生した排
ガスによりタービンホイール１８が駆動されるため、コ
ンプレッサホイール１７による空気の吸入および圧縮が
有効に行われて固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣに供給される
圧縮空気の温度が更に上昇する。Since the solid oxide fuel cell FC is not activated when the power generator is started, the combustor 27 is temporarily operated to raise the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell FC to the activation temperature. That is, when the compressed air from the compressor wheel 17 is supplied from the heat exchanger 20 to the combustor 27 via the solid oxide fuel cell FC, and the compressed air is mixed with the fuel injected from the fuel injection nozzle 28 and burned, The high-temperature exhaust gas is supplied to the heat exchanger 20 to perform heat exchange, and the temperature of the compressed air supplied to the solid oxide fuel cell FC rises. Further, since the turbine wheel 18 is driven by the exhaust gas generated in the combustor 27, intake and compression of air by the compressor wheel 17 are effectively performed, and the temperature of the compressed air supplied to the solid oxide fuel cell FC further rises. To do.
【００２２】その結果、固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣに供
給される圧縮空気の温度が所定温度（例えば、５００°
Ｃ〜６００°Ｃ）に達すると、燃料噴射ノズル２８から
の燃料の噴射を停止して燃焼器２７を不作動にしても、
固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣの温度が活性化温度に達する
ことで発電装置の運転が継続される。また開閉弁２９…
の開度を変化させて固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣを通過す
る圧縮空気量とバイパスする圧縮空気量との比率を制御
することで、固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣの温度を制御し
たり、固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣにおける圧力損失を低
減したりすることができる。As a result, the temperature of the compressed air supplied to the solid oxide fuel cell FC is a predetermined temperature (for example, 500 ° C.).
C-600 ° C), even if the fuel injection from the fuel injection nozzle 28 is stopped and the combustor 27 is deactivated,
When the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell FC reaches the activation temperature, the operation of the power generator is continued. On-off valve 29 ...
By controlling the ratio of the amount of compressed air passing through the solid oxide fuel cell FC to the amount of compressed air bypassed by changing the opening degree of the solid electrolyte fuel cell FC, the temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell FC can be controlled, or the solid oxide fuel cell FC can be controlled. It is possible to reduce the pressure loss in the fuel cell FC.
【００２３】尚、燃焼器２７を軸線Ｌ方向に移動自在に
設け、始動時に燃焼器２７を後部ケーシング２５の内部
に突出させ、始動後に燃焼器２７を後部ケーシング２５
の外部に退避させれば、始動後の発電装置の運転中に固
体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣからの排ガスが燃焼器２７と干
渉せずにスムーズに流れるようになり、発電効率の更な
る向上を期待することができる。It should be noted that the combustor 27 is movably provided in the direction of the axis L, the combustor 27 is projected inside the rear casing 25 at the time of starting, and the combustor 27 is made to start after starting at the rear casing 25.
If it is evacuated to the outside, the exhaust gas from the solid oxide fuel cell FC will flow smoothly without interfering with the combustor 27 during the operation of the power generator after the start, and further improvement in power generation efficiency is expected. can do.
【００２４】しかして、タービンホイール１８の回転軸
１６により駆動されるジェネレータＧＥで発電された電
力と、固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣで発電された電力とが
統合されて出力される。燃料の持つ化学エネルギーのう
ち、約５０％が固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣで電気エネル
ギーに変換され、約１５％がジェネレータＧＥで電気エ
ネルギーに変換されるため、発電装置の効率は６５％に
達して極めて高いものとなる。Thus, the electric power generated by the generator GE driven by the rotating shaft 16 of the turbine wheel 18 and the electric power generated by the solid oxide fuel cell FC are integrated and output. About 50% of the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into electric energy by the solid oxide fuel cell FC, and about 15% is converted into electric energy by the generator GE, so the efficiency of the power generation device reaches 65%. It will be extremely expensive.
【００２５】さて、コンプレッサホイール１７およびタ
ービンホイール１８よりなる回転部３３の軸線Ｌに対し
て、コンプレッサホイール１７、タービンホイール１
８、熱交換器２０、燃焼器２７および固体電解質型燃料
電池ＦＣが軸対称に配置されているため、ガスタービン
エンジンＧＴおよび固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣの内部の
圧縮空気や排ガスの流れが軸対称になって円周方向に均
一化されるため、熱交換器２０に流入する圧縮空気およ
び排ガスの流速を均一化し、かつ固体電解質型燃料電池
ＦＣに流入する圧縮空気の流速を均一化することができ
るので、熱交換器２０における熱交換効率の向上および
固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣにおける発電効率の向上に寄
与することができる。また発電装置の前記軸対称配置に
より、圧力損失が減少して発電効率の向上および燃料消
費量の低減が可能となる。更に、ガスタービンエンジン
ＧＴおよび固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣの内部の温度分布
も軸対称になって各部材の熱歪みが最小限に抑えられ、
コンプレッサホイール１７やタービンホイール１８のス
ムーズな回転が確保されるとともに、熱応力によるセラ
ミック製部品の損傷等が防止されて耐久性が向上する。
更に、ケーシングや通路のような部品も軸対称化するこ
とができるので、それらを板金等の薄肉材料で製作する
ことが可能となって軽量化が達成されるばかりか、ヒー
トマスの減少によって冷間始動時の熱損失を減少させて
燃費消費量の更なる低減が可能となる。Now, with respect to the axis L of the rotating portion 33 composed of the compressor wheel 17 and the turbine wheel 18, the compressor wheel 17 and the turbine wheel 1
8. Since the heat exchanger 20, the combustor 27, and the solid oxide fuel cell FC are arranged axially symmetrically, the flow of compressed air and exhaust gas inside the gas turbine engine GT and the solid oxide fuel cell FC is axially symmetrical. Therefore, the flow velocity of compressed air and exhaust gas flowing into the heat exchanger 20 can be made uniform, and the flow velocity of compressed air flowing into the solid oxide fuel cell FC can be made uniform. Therefore, the heat exchange efficiency in the heat exchanger 20 and the power generation efficiency in the solid oxide fuel cell FC can be improved. In addition, the axisymmetric arrangement of the power generation device reduces pressure loss, which makes it possible to improve power generation efficiency and reduce fuel consumption. Furthermore, the temperature distribution inside the gas turbine engine GT and the solid oxide fuel cell FC is also axially symmetrical, and thermal strain of each member is minimized.
Smooth rotation of the compressor wheel 17 and the turbine wheel 18 is ensured, and damage to the ceramic parts due to thermal stress is prevented, thus improving durability.
Furthermore, since parts such as casings and passages can be made axially symmetrical, it is possible to manufacture them with a thin material such as sheet metal, which not only achieves weight reduction, but also reduces cold mass due to reduction of heat mass. It is possible to further reduce fuel consumption by reducing heat loss at startup.
【００２６】また円環状に形成した熱交換器２０および
固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣを発電装置の最外層部に配置
したので、その半径方向内側の空間３４にガスタービン
エンジンＧＴの燃焼器２７等の構成要素を収納してコン
パクト化を図ることができ、かつガスタービンエンジン
ＧＴが発生する熱を外側の熱交換器２０および固体電解
質型燃料電池ＦＣで回収することができる。特に、固体
電解質型燃料電池ＦＣの半径方向内側の空間３４に燃焼
器２７を配置したので、発電装置の軸線Ｌ方向線向寸法
をコンパクト化することができるだけでなく、固体電解
質型燃料電池ＦＣで熱を回収することができる。特に、
発電装置を始動すべく燃焼器２７を作動させたときに、
半径方向外側に位置する固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣを効
果的に加熱して早期の活性化を可能にするとともに、燃
料消費量の低減に寄与することができる。Further, since the heat exchanger 20 and the solid oxide fuel cell FC, which are formed in an annular shape, are arranged in the outermost layer portion of the power generation device, the space 34 on the radially inner side of the combustor 27 of the gas turbine engine GT or the like is formed. The components can be housed to be compact, and the heat generated by the gas turbine engine GT can be recovered by the outer heat exchanger 20 and the solid oxide fuel cell FC. In particular, since the combustor 27 is arranged in the space 34 on the inner side in the radial direction of the solid oxide fuel cell FC, not only can the size of the power generating device in the direction of the axis line L be made compact, but also in the solid oxide fuel cell FC. The heat can be recovered. In particular,
When the combustor 27 is operated to start the power generator,
It is possible to effectively heat the solid oxide fuel cell FC located on the outer side in the radial direction to enable early activation and to contribute to the reduction of fuel consumption.
【００２７】また軸線Ｌに沿って前方から後方にコンプ
レッサホイール１７およびタービンホイール１８よりな
る回転部３３と、熱交換器２０と、固体電解質型燃料電
池ＦＣとが順次配置されているため、発電装置の半径方
向寸法をコンパクト化することができるだけでなく、圧
縮空気や排ガスの流速を均一化し、流れをスムーズにし
て圧力損失を減少させ、発電効率を高めることができ
る。Further, since the rotating portion 33 composed of the compressor wheel 17 and the turbine wheel 18, the heat exchanger 20, and the solid oxide fuel cell FC are sequentially arranged from the front to the rear along the axis L, the power generator is arranged. It is possible not only to make the radial dimension of the system compact, but also to make the flow velocity of compressed air and exhaust gas uniform, smooth the flow, reduce pressure loss, and improve power generation efficiency.
【００２８】またコンプレッサホイール１７から熱交換
器２０に比較的に低温の圧縮空気を導く第１圧縮空気通
路１２を、タービンホイール１８から熱交換器２０に比
較的に高温の排ガスを導く排ガス通路３０の半径方向外
側を覆うように配置したので、高温の排ガス通路３０か
ら逃げる熱を低温の第１圧縮空気通路１２で回収するこ
とで、前部ケーシング１１からの熱逃げを防止して発電
効率を一層高めることができる。更に、第２圧縮空気通
路２６が固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣの半径方向外側を覆
うように配置されているので、固体電解質型燃料電池Ｆ
Ｃが発生する熱を第２圧縮空気通路２６で回収して、後
部ケーシング２５から外部に逃げないようにして発電効
率を一層高めることができる。Further, the first compressed air passage 12 for introducing the relatively low temperature compressed air from the compressor wheel 17 to the heat exchanger 20, and the exhaust gas passage 30 for introducing the relatively high temperature exhaust gas from the turbine wheel 18 to the heat exchanger 20. Since it is arranged so as to cover the outer side in the radial direction of, the heat escaping from the high temperature exhaust gas passage 30 is recovered by the low temperature first compressed air passage 12 to prevent heat escaping from the front casing 11 and improve power generation efficiency. It can be further enhanced. Further, since the second compressed air passage 26 is arranged so as to cover the outside of the solid oxide fuel cell FC in the radial direction, the solid oxide fuel cell F is formed.
The heat generated by C can be recovered in the second compressed air passage 26 so as not to escape from the rear casing 25 to the outside, so that the power generation efficiency can be further enhanced.
【００２９】次に、図３および図４に基づいて本発明の
第２実施例を説明する。第２実施例は固体電解質型燃料
電池ＦＣの形状が第１実施例と異なっており、その他の
構成は第１実施例と同一である。Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the shape of the solid oxide fuel cell FC, and other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.
【００３０】第２実施例は、円環状に形成された複数個
（例えば、８個）の固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣ…を、回
転部３３の軸線Ｌの周囲を囲むように円周方向に等間隔
で配置したものである。各々の固体電解質型燃料電池Ｆ
Ｃはその軸線Ｌ１を回転部３３の軸線Ｌと平行にした状
態で、後部ケーシング２５と円筒状の隔壁４１とによっ
て区画された円環状の空間４２に収納される。In the second embodiment, a plurality (for example, eight) of solid oxide fuel cells FC formed in an annular shape are circumferentially distributed so as to surround the axis L of the rotating portion 33. It is arranged at intervals. Each solid oxide fuel cell F
C is housed in an annular space 42 defined by the rear casing 25 and the cylindrical partition wall 41, with its axis L1 parallel to the axis L of the rotating portion 33.
【００３１】この第２実施例によっても、８個の固体電
解質型燃料電池ＦＣ…が回転部３３の軸線Ｌに対して軸
対称に配置されるため、前述した第１実施例と同様の作
用効果を達成することができる。それに加えて、各々の
固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣの直径が第１実施例のものに
比べて小さくなるため、そのセルおよびセパレータが小
型になって製造が容易になる。Also in this second embodiment, since eight solid oxide fuel cells FC ... Are arranged in axial symmetry with respect to the axis L of the rotating portion 33, the same operational effect as in the first embodiment described above. Can be achieved. In addition, since the diameter of each solid oxide fuel cell FC is smaller than that of the first embodiment, the cells and the separator are small and manufacturing is easy.
【００３２】次に、図５および図６に基づいて本発明の
第３実施例を説明する。第３実施例も固体電解質型燃料
電池ＦＣの形状が第１実施例と異なっており、その他の
構成は第１実施例と同一である。Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Also in the third embodiment, the shape of the solid oxide fuel cell FC is different from that of the first embodiment, and other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
【００３３】第３実施例は、円環状に形成された複数個
（例えば、１２個）の固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣ…を、
回転部３３の軸線Ｌの周囲を囲むように軸線Ｌ方向に２
列に、かつ円周方向に等間隔で配置したものである。各
列の６個の固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣ…はその軸線Ｌ２
…を回転部３３の軸線Ｌに対して放射方向にした状態
で、後部ケーシング２５と円筒状の隔壁４１とによって
区画された円環状の空間４２に収納される。In the third embodiment, a plurality of (for example, 12) solid oxide fuel cells FC ...
2 in the direction of the axis L so as to surround the axis L of the rotating unit 33.
It is arranged in rows and at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The six solid oxide fuel cells FC in each row have their axis L2.
.. in a radial direction with respect to the axis L of the rotating portion 33, the housing is housed in an annular space 42 defined by the rear casing 25 and the cylindrical partition wall 41.
【００３４】この第３実施例によっても、１２個の固体
電解質型燃料電池ＦＣ…が回転部３３の軸線Ｌに対して
軸対称に配置されるため、前述した第１実施例と同様の
作用効果を達成することができる。それに加えて、各々
の固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣの直径が第１実施例のもの
に比べて小さくなるため、そのセルおよびセパレータが
小型になって製造が容易になるだけなく、軸線Ｌ方向の
固体電解質型燃料電池ＦＣ…の列数を任意に増加させる
ことで、同じ発電容量を確保しながら発電装置の外径を
コンパクト化することができる。Also in this third embodiment, the twelve solid oxide fuel cells FC ... Are arranged in axial symmetry with respect to the axis L of the rotating portion 33, so that the same effect as the first embodiment described above can be obtained. Can be achieved. In addition to that, since the diameter of each solid oxide fuel cell FC is smaller than that of the first embodiment, the cells and the separator are small in size and the manufacturing is easy, and the solid in the axis L direction is also solid. By arbitrarily increasing the number of rows of the electrolyte fuel cells FC, the outer diameter of the power generation device can be made compact while ensuring the same power generation capacity.
【００３５】以上、本発明の実施例を詳述したが、本発
明はその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の設計変更を行う
ことが可能である。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the present invention can be modified in various ways without departing from the scope of the invention.
【００３６】[0036]
【発明の効果】以上のように請求項１に記載された発明
によれば、熱交換器、燃焼器および固体電解質型燃料電
池をコンプレッサホイールおよびタービンホイールより
なる回転部の軸線上に配置し、燃焼器の半径方向外側を
囲むように固体電解質型燃料電池を配置したので、燃焼
器が発生する熱を固体電解質型燃料電池で回収して外部
に逃げるのを抑制し、発電効率の向上を図ることができ
る。特に、始動初期の固体電解質型燃料電池を燃焼器が
発生する熱で効果的に加熱することにより早期に活性化
を促進させることができる。As described above, according to the invention as set forth in claim 1, the heat exchanger, the combustor, and the solid oxide fuel cell are arranged on the axis of the rotating portion composed of the compressor wheel and the turbine wheel. Since the solid oxide fuel cell is arranged so as to surround the outer side of the combustor in the radial direction, the heat generated by the combustor is prevented from being recovered by the solid oxide fuel cell and escaped to the outside to improve power generation efficiency. be able to. Particularly, by effectively heating the solid oxide fuel cell in the initial stage of startup with the heat generated by the combustor, activation can be promoted early.
【００３７】また請求項２に記載された発明によれば、
ガスタービンエンジンの始動時にのみ燃焼器を作動さ
せ、ガスタービンエンジンの廃熱で固体電解質型燃料電
池が活性化すると燃焼器の作動を停止するので、固体電
解質型燃料電池に比べて燃料消費量が大きい燃焼器の作
動を最小限に抑えて発電効率を高めることができる。According to the invention described in claim 2,
The combustor is operated only when the gas turbine engine is started, and when the solid electrolyte fuel cell is activated by the waste heat of the gas turbine engine, the operation of the combustor is stopped. The operation of a large combustor can be minimized to increase power generation efficiency.
【図１】発電装置の縦断面図FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a power generator.
【図２】図１の２−２線断面図FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of FIG.
【図３】第２実施例に係る発電装置の縦断面図FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a power generator according to a second embodiment.
【図４】図３の４−４線断面図FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG.
【図５】第３実施例に係る発電装置の縦断面図FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a power generator according to a third embodiment.
【図６】図５の６−６線断面図6 is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 of FIG.
１７ コンプレッサホイール １８ タービンホイール ２０ 熱交換器 ２７ 燃焼器 ３３ 回転部 ３４ 空間 ＦＣ 固体電解質型燃料電池 ＧＴ ガスタービンエンジン Ｌ 軸線 17 compressor wheel 18 turbine wheels 20 heat exchanger 27 Combustor 33 rotating part 34 space FC solid oxide fuel cell GT gas turbine engine L axis
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/04 Ｈ０１Ｍ 8/04 Ｘ Ｚ 8/12 8/12 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification code FI theme code (reference) H01M 8/04 H01M 8/04 X Z 8/12 8/12
Claims (2)
解質型燃料電池（ＦＣ）とを一体に備えた発電装置であ
って、 ガスタービンエンジン（ＧＴ）はコンプレッサホイール
（１７）、タービンホイール（１８）、熱交換器（２
０）および燃焼器（２７）を含み、コンプレッサホイー
ル（１７）は圧縮空気を熱交換器（２０）を介して固体
電解質型燃料電池（ＦＣ）および燃焼器（２７）に供給
し、タービンホイール（１８）は固体電解質型燃料電池
（ＦＣ）および燃焼器（２７）からの排ガスにより駆動
されてコンプレッサホイール（１７）を駆動し、熱交換
器（２０）はタービンホイール（１８）からの排ガスと
コンプレッサホイール（１７）からの圧縮空気との間で
熱交換を行うものにおいて、 熱交換器（２０）、燃焼器（２７）および固体電解質型
燃料電池（ＦＣ）をコンプレッサホイール（１７）およ
びタービンホイール（１８）よりなる回転部（３３）の
軸線（Ｌ）上に配置するとともに、燃焼器（２７）の半
径方向外側を囲むように固体電解質型燃料電池（ＦＣ）
を配置したことを特徴とする発電装置。1. A power generation device integrally comprising a gas turbine engine (GT) and a solid oxide fuel cell (FC), the gas turbine engine (GT) comprising a compressor wheel (17) and a turbine wheel (18). , Heat exchanger (2
0) and a combustor (27), the compressor wheel (17) supplies compressed air to the solid oxide fuel cell (FC) and the combustor (27) via the heat exchanger (20), and the turbine wheel (17). 18) is driven by the exhaust gas from the solid oxide fuel cell (FC) and the combustor (27) to drive the compressor wheel (17), and the heat exchanger (20) is the exhaust gas from the turbine wheel (18) and the compressor. A heat exchanger (20), a combustor (27), a solid oxide fuel cell (FC), a compressor wheel (17) and a turbine wheel (for a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the compressed air from the wheel (17)). 18) is arranged on the axis (L) of the rotating part (33), and the solid oxide fuel cell is arranged so as to surround the combustor (27) in the radial direction. Pond (FC)
A power generation device characterized in that.
タービンエンジン（ＧＴ）を始動し、ガスタービンエン
ジン（ＧＴ）の廃熱で固体電解質型燃料電池（ＦＣ）が
活性化した後に、燃焼器（２７）の作動を停止すること
を特徴とする、請求項１に記載の発電装置。2. A gas turbine engine (GT) is started by operating a combustor (27), and the solid electrolyte fuel cell (FC) is activated by the waste heat of the gas turbine engine (GT) and then burned. 2. The power generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the operation of the device (27) is stopped.
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002141040A JP4129144B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2002-05-16 | Power generation device and method for starting power generation device |
| DE60336223T DE60336223D1 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-05-14 | DRAIN TURBINE GENERATOR PLANT WITH FUEL CELL |
| EP03723372A EP1504488B1 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-05-14 | Gas turbine power generating system with fuel cell |
| KR1020047018041A KR100558575B1 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-05-14 | Power generating system |
| PCT/JP2003/005991 WO2003097394A2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-05-14 | Gas turbine power generating system with fuel cell |
| AU2003230244A AU2003230244B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-05-14 | Gas turbine power generating system with fuel cell |
| CA002484988A CA2484988A1 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-05-14 | Gas turbine power generating system with fuel cell |
| AT03723372T ATE500630T1 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-05-14 | EXHAUST GAS TURBINE GENERATOR SYSTEM WITH FUEL CELL |
| US10/438,918 US7166380B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2003-05-16 | Power generating system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002141040A JP4129144B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2002-05-16 | Power generation device and method for starting power generation device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003331856A true JP2003331856A (en) | 2003-11-21 |
| JP4129144B2 JP4129144B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
Family
ID=29701739
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002141040A Expired - Fee Related JP4129144B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2002-05-16 | Power generation device and method for starting power generation device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4129144B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009506507A (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2009-02-12 | テクニカル ユニバーシティ オブ デンマーク | Reversible solid oxide fuel cell stack and method for preparing the same |
| JP2010534913A (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2010-11-11 | ブルーム エナジー コーポレーション | Hotbox design with multi-stream heat exchanger and single air control |
| US8039175B2 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2011-10-18 | Technical University Of Denmark | Method for shrinkage and porosity control during sintering of multilayer structures |
| US8252478B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2012-08-28 | Technical University Of Denmark | Redox-stable anode |
| US8790847B2 (en) | 2006-11-23 | 2014-07-29 | Technical University Of Denmark | Method for the manufacture of reversible solid oxide cells |
-
2002
- 2002-05-16 JP JP2002141040A patent/JP4129144B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8039175B2 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2011-10-18 | Technical University Of Denmark | Method for shrinkage and porosity control during sintering of multilayer structures |
| US8252478B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2012-08-28 | Technical University Of Denmark | Redox-stable anode |
| JP2009506507A (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2009-02-12 | テクニカル ユニバーシティ オブ デンマーク | Reversible solid oxide fuel cell stack and method for preparing the same |
| US9263758B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2016-02-16 | Technical University Of Denmark | Reversible solid oxide fuel cell stack and method for preparing same |
| US8790847B2 (en) | 2006-11-23 | 2014-07-29 | Technical University Of Denmark | Method for the manufacture of reversible solid oxide cells |
| JP2010534913A (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2010-11-11 | ブルーム エナジー コーポレーション | Hotbox design with multi-stream heat exchanger and single air control |
| US9166240B2 (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2015-10-20 | Bloom Energy Corporation | Hot box design with a multi-stream heat exchanger and single air control |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4129144B2 (en) | 2008-08-06 |
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