JP2003327988A - Automatic transmission oil with improved torque capacity and shudderproofness durability - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an automatic transmission oil improved in torque capacity and shudderproofness durability. <P>SOLUTION: This automatic transmission oil is obtained by containing each effective amount of a trialkyl phosphonate, a boronated and phosphorylated ashless dispersant, and a metal cleaner. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a power transmission oil,
In particular, it relates to a method for improving the torque capacity and anti-shudder durability of automatic transmission oil.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In the last three decades, one of the most important challenges in the automobile and oil industry has been fuel economy of the automobile.

As a result of continued research into ways to improve the overall economy of automobile fuel, the torque converter or liquid clutch used between the engine and the automatic transmission is a relatively large source of energy loss. I knew that. Since the torque converter is a liquid clutch, it is not as efficient as a solid disc clutch. Any combination of operating conditions (eg engine speed,
There is a relative speed difference between the driving member and the driven member of the torque converter in the position of the throttle, the vehicle speed, and the ratio of the transmission gears. This relative speed difference represents the energy lost as heat from the torque converter. In order to minimize the energy loss in the torque converter, a solid state clutch was introduced in the torque converter in the late 1970's that couples under certain operating conditions of the vehicle and transfers the engine power directly to the transmission. . This clutch is called a torque converter clutch.

The greater the percentage of time that the vehicle can be operated using the clutch of the fully coupled torque converter, the greater the fuel efficiency of the vehicle. However, when the clutch of the torque converter is completely engaged at low engine speed, a slight vibration in the rotation of the engine is transmitted to the drive line, which causes vibration of the automobile. A second generation torque converter clutch has been developed that operates in a "slip" or "continuous slip" mode under certain engine operating conditions and avoids vibrations of the vehicle by not transmitting minute vibrations in the rotation of the engine. It was Continuously slipping torque converter clutches impose very stringent friction requirements on automatic transmission oils (ATFs) used with them. This oil must have a very good friction-to-velocity relationship. That is, as speed increases, friction must always increase. As friction decreases with increasing speed, self-excited vibrational states occur in the drive line. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as "stick-slip" or "dynamic frictional vibration" and is referred to as "shudder" in an automobile.
Or it appears as low-speed vibration. By reducing the friction at low speeds, the friction can be increased as the speed increases, but this method reduces the torque capacity of the transmission, increasing the friction and speed while maintaining the torque capacity. Must be constantly increased. In addition, higher torque capacity oils allow the use of smaller transmissions for engines with constant power, further improving the efficient use of fuel. Therefore, oils with high torque capacity are preferred for modern transmissions.

[0005]

Not only must the oil have a good friction-to-velocity relationship in its new state, but it must also retain its friction characteristics and high torque capacity over the life of the oil. I won't. The oil life here is also the life of the transmission. Therefore, in an automobile, an oil having a long-life anti-shudder performance and a high torque capacity is extremely desirable. The desired performance of the present invention lies in this aspect.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention, certain long chain alkyl phosphonates, boronated (bo).
It has been found that oils containing honed and phosphorylated ashless dispersants and metal detergents provide significantly improved torque capacity, as well as anti-shudder durability.

The present invention relates to a method of improving the anti-shudder ability and torque capacity of a power transmission oil using a certain composition, the composition comprising (1) a major amount of lubricating oil and (2) a shudder. Comprising a mixture of additive compositions in an amount effective to improve protection and torque capacity, the additive compositions being (a) trialkylphosphonate; (b) boronated and phosphorylated. An ashless dispersant; and (c) a metal detergent.

Unexpectedly, it has been found that the compositions of the present invention described above exhibit significantly improved shudder prevention and torque capacity when added to automatic transmission oils.
Such a combination of advantages has hitherto been unattainable and is highly desirable for the automotive industry.

A feature of the present invention is that automatic transmissions include a major amount of a viscous oil as a lubricant, a trialkylphosphonate, a boronated and phosphorylated ashless dispersant, and a metal detergent. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of improving anti-shudder performance and torque capacity of an automatic transmission by adding a combination of additives.

Both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely for purposes of illustration and description, and are intended to further illustrate the present invention as claimed. .

As used herein, the term "lubricating oil" means any natural or synthetic oil having a viscosity as a lubricant, such as mineral oil, vegetable oils and poly-α-olefin oils and mixtures thereof. , The example is not limited to this. The base oil used to make the automatic transmission oil of the present invention can be any suitable natural or synthetic oil having the necessary viscosity characteristics for this application. That is, the lubricating oil may consist exclusively of natural oils such as mineral oils of suitable viscosity, or it may consist entirely of synthetic oils such as polymer-alpha-olefin oligomers of suitable viscosity. Can be Similarly, the lubricating oil can be a blend of natural and synthetic oils with the requisite properties for use in the manufacture of automatic transmission oils. Generally, the base oil has a kinematic viscosity of 3 to 8 centistokes (cSt) at 100 ° C.
Must be in the range. Suitable base oils are Group II
It is a raw material oil of I. A suitable base oil viscosity is, for example, 3.8 cS at the ratio of VHVI2 and VHVI4 used.
t. In one aspect of the invention, the individual viscosities of these base stocks are 2.8 cSt and 4.3 c, respectively.
It is St. Such base stocks used in the present invention may include, but are not limited to, products of PetroCanada.

One specific example of a trialkylphosphonate is "DMOP". In the present specification, "DM
"OP" means dimethyloctyldecylphosphonate,
Derivatives thereof, and precursors thereof, which are capable of producing DMOP compounds in situ or otherwise as reaction products or hydrolysis products.

As used herein, the term "boronated and phosphorylated ashless dispersant" means a dispersant material made from a boron-containing material and a phosphorus-containing material or by subsequent processing. Such boronated and phosphorylated ashless dispersants are ashless dispersants containing a basic nitrogen and / or at least one hydroxyl group in the molecule, such as succinimide or succinamide dispersants, succinate dispersions. Agent, succinic acid ester amide dispersant, Mannich (Mannic
h) can be formed by phosphorylating and boronating a base dispersant, a hydrocarbyl polyamine dispersant or a polymerized polyamine dispersant, or a mixture thereof.

Polyamine succinimides in which the succinyl group contains a hydrocarbyl substituent having at least 30 carbon atoms are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,172,892; 3,20.
2,678; 3,216,936; 3,219,6
66; 3,254,025; 3,272,746.
No .: 4,234,435. Alkenyl succinimides are typically, for example, alkenyl succinic anhydride, succinic acid, succinic acid esters, succinic acid chlorides,
Alternatively, it can be produced by heating a succinic acid lower alkyl ester with a polyamine containing at least one primary amino group. Alkenyl succinic anhydride is a mixture of olefin and maleic anhydride, for example about 18
It can be easily prepared by heating to 0 to 220 ° C. The olefin is preferably a polymer or copolymer of lower monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene and the like and mixtures thereof. A more preferable raw material of the alkenyl group has a number average molecular weight of up to 10 by gel permeation chromatography (GPC),
000 or more, preferably about 500 to about 2.5
00, most preferably from about 800 to about 1,200 polyisobutene.

“Succinimide” as used herein
The term is meant to include the reaction product of the reaction of one or more polyamine reactants with a hydrocarbon substituted succinic acid or anhydride (or similar succinic acylating agent), where Thus it is intended that the product may include compounds which may have an amide, amidine, and / or salt bond in addition to an imide bond of the type obtained from the reaction of primary amino groups and anhydride moieties.

Alkenyl succinic acid and 2 to 20 carbon atoms
Esters and diesters with polyhydric alcohols containing ~ 6 hydroxyl groups can be used to produce phosphorus and / or boron ash dispersants. Typical examples are US Pat. Nos. 3,331,776 and 3,381,022.
No. 3,522,179.
The alkenyl succinic acid moieties of these esters correspond to the alkenyl succinic acid moieties of the above succinimides.

Alkenyl succinic acid ester-amides suitable for producing phosphorylated and / or boronated ashless dispersants are described, for example, in US Pat.
184,474; 3,576,743; 3,63
2,511; 3,804,763; 3,836,4
71; 3,862,981; 3,936,480
No. 3,948,800; 3,950,341;
3,957,854; 3,957,855; 3,9
91,098; 4,071,548 and 4,17.
No. 3,540.

The hydrocarbyl polyamine dispersants capable of being phosphorylated and / or boronated generally comprise one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic halides (or mixtures thereof) containing an average of at least about 40 carbon atoms. Of amines, preferably polyalkylene polyamines. Examples of such hydrocarbyl polyamine dispersants are US Pat. Nos. 3,275,554; 3,394,576; 3,4.
38,757; 3,454,555; 3,565.
804; 3,671,511 and 3,821,3
No. 02.

Hydrocarbyl-substituted polyamines are generally high molecular weight hydrocarbyl-N containing a basic nitrogen in the molecule.
A substituted polyamine. The hydrocarbyl groups typically have a number average molecular weight in the range of about 750 to 10,000, more usually about 1,000 to 5,000 and are derived from suitable polyolefins. Suitable hydrocarbyl substituted amines or polyamines include polyisobutenyl chloride and 2-
It is prepared from a polyamine containing about 12 amine nitrogen atoms and 2 to about 40 carbon atoms.

Mann which can be used to make phosphorylated and / or boronated ashless dispersants
The ich polyamine dispersants are alkylphenols, typically alkylphenols with long-chain alkyl substituents on the ring, and one or more aliphatic aldehydes having 1 to about 7 carbon atoms, especially formaldehyde and its derivatives.
And reaction products with polyamines (especially polyalkylene polyamines). Examples of Mannich condensation products and processes for their preparation are described in US Pat. No. 2,459,112; 2,
962,442; 2,984,550; 3,03
No. 6,003; 3,166,516; 3,236,7.
70; 3,368,972; 3,413,347.
No .; 3,442,808; 3,448,047;
3,454,497; 3,459,661; 3,4
93,520; 3,539,633; 3,558,
743; 3,586,629; 3,591,598.
No. 3,600,372; 3,634,515;
3,649,229; 3,697,574; 3,7.
03,536; 3,704,308; 3,725.
277; 3,725,480; 3,726,882
No. 3,736,357; 3,751,365;
3,756,953; 3,793,202; 3,7
98,165; 3,798,247; 3,803.
039; 3,872,019; 3,904,595
No .; 3,957,746; 3,980,569;
3,985,802; 4,006,089; 4,0
No. 11,380; 4,025,451; 4,058,
468; 4,083,699; 4,090,854
No. 4,354,950; and 4,485,023.
No.

Suitable hydrocarbon feedstocks for making the Mannich polyamine dispersants are those derived from substantially saturated petroleum fractions and olefin polymers, preferably polymers of monoolefins having from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms. Is. The hydrocarbon feed is generally at least about 40, preferably at least about 50 to impart oil solubility to the dispersant.
Contains carbon atoms. The number average molecular weight by GPC is about 600-5 because it reacts easily and is low in price.
000 olefin polymers are preferred. However, polymers having a higher molecular weight than this can also be used. A particularly suitable hydrocarbon feedstock is an isobutylene polymer.

The preferred Mannich basic dispersant used in this is about 1 mole of long chain hydrocarbon substituted phenol to about 1 to 2.5 moles of formaldehyde and about 0.5 moles.
Ashless Mannich dispersant produced by condensing with ~ 2 moles of polyalkylene polyamine.

Polymerized polyamine dispersants suitable for producing phosphorylated and / or boronated ashless dispersants include basic amine groups and groups that impart oil solubility (eg, those having a side chain of at least 8 carbon atoms). It is a polymer containing an alkyl group). Such materials are exemplified by copolymers formed from various monomers such as decyl methacrylate, vinyl decyl ether or relatively high molecular weight olefins and aminoalkyl acrylates or aminoalkyl acrylates. It Examples of polymerized polyamine dispersants are US Pat. No. 3,329,658;
3,449,250; 3,493,520; 3,5
19,565; 3,666,730; 3,687,
849 and 3,702,300.

In the present specification, the "metal detergent" means
By way of non-limiting example are meant phenates, salicylates, sulphonates and phosphonates and mixtures thereof. In particular, the TBN of the metal detergents useful in the present invention should be equal to or greater than 100 TBN. A suitable TBN is about 15
It is 0. As used herein, the term "metal" means an alkali or alkaline earth metal, preferably calcium and magnesium. The preferred metal detergent in the present invention is TBN = 150 calcium phenate, present in the finished oil at a level of from about 0.02% to about 0.4% by weight.

[0025]

The present invention is illustrated by the following examples. These examples do not limit the invention.

Example 1. Manufacture of ATF with improved torque capacity and anti-shudder durability

[0027]

[Table 1]

In the table, oil codes F and G are the present invention, and A, B and C are comparative examples.

In addition, SAE NO. The higher the torque capacity in No. 2, the better, and the durability against shudder prevention by LVFA of more than 400 hours is judged to have sufficient anti-shudder property from the normal use condition of the automatic transmission.

Other aspects of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the description and practice of the invention disclosed herein. The above description and examples are considered for purposes of illustration only, with the true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims. The present invention can be variously modified in practice. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the particular examples described above.

The applicant is not willing to make the above aspects available to the public, and the modifications and variations of the invention as set forth above are to the extent that equivalents do not literally fall within the scope of the claims. It is considered to be part of the present invention.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C10M 139/00 C10M 139/00 A 159/20 159/20 159/22 159/22 159/24 159/24 // C10N 40:04 C10N 40:04 F term (reference) 4H104 BE11C BF03C BH03C BH11C BJ05C DA02A DB05C DB06C DB07C EA22C PA03

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A composition comprising (1) a major amount of a viscous oil as a lubricant, and (2) an amount of an additive composition effective to improve torque capacity and anti-shudder durability. In addition to the transmission, the additive composition is (a) trialkylphosphonate; (b) boronated,
And improving the anti-shudder durability and torque capacity of an automatic transmission characterized by comprising a phosphorylated ashless dispersant; and (c) a metal detergent having a TBN equal to or greater than 100. Method. 2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the trialkylphosphonate is present in the finished oil in an amount of from 0.05 to 0.5% by weight. 3. Dispersant is 0.5 to 10.0 in the finished oil.
A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is present in an amount of% by weight. 4. The detergent is 0.03 to 0.4 in the finished oil.
A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is present in an amount of% by weight. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the dispersant is a hydrocarbyl substituted succinamide or succinimide. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein the detergent is selected from the group consisting of phenates, salicylates, sulphonates and phosphonates.