JP2003314838A - Heat pump type hot water heating device - Google Patents
Heat pump type hot water heating deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2003314838A JP2003314838A JP2002121791A JP2002121791A JP2003314838A JP 2003314838 A JP2003314838 A JP 2003314838A JP 2002121791 A JP2002121791 A JP 2002121791A JP 2002121791 A JP2002121791 A JP 2002121791A JP 2003314838 A JP2003314838 A JP 2003314838A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hot water
- refrigerant
- heat pump
- floor heating
- heating panel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
- F24D19/1072—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses a heat pump
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/08—Hot-water central heating systems in combination with systems for domestic hot-water supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/10—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system
- F24D3/1058—Feed-line arrangements, e.g. providing for heat-accumulator tanks, expansion tanks ; Hydraulic components of a central heating system disposition of pipes and pipe connections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
- F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2220/00—Components of central heating installations excluding heat sources
- F24D2220/02—Fluid distribution means
- F24D2220/0207—Pumps
Abstract
Description
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、ヒートポンプ式の
室外機と、床暖房パネルと、前記室外機と冷媒配管で接
続するとともに前記床暖房パネルと温水配管で接続する
温水供給ユニットとを備えたヒートポンプ式温水暖房装
置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention comprises a heat pump type outdoor unit, a floor heating panel, and a hot water supply unit which is connected to the outdoor unit by a refrigerant pipe and is connected to the floor heating panel by a hot water pipe. The present invention relates to a heat pump type hot water heating device.
【従来の技術】この種のヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置
は、特開２００１−１２４３４９号公報や、特開２００
２−８９８６７号公報などに開示されているように、温
水配管途中に配設される循環ポンプは床暖房パネルと温
水配管で接続する熱交換ユニットの外部に設けられてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art A heat pump type hot water heater of this type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-124349 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 200-200349.
As disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-89867, the circulation pump disposed in the middle of the hot water pipe is provided outside the heat exchange unit connected to the floor heating panel by the hot water pipe.
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従って、前記床暖房パ
ネルと、循環ポンプと、熱交換ユニットとの温水配管接
続が面倒である。一方、熱交換ユニットを室外に設置す
ると、凍結防止のため温水が０℃以下で循環ポンプの強
制運転が必要である。そこで本発明は、上述の事情を考
慮してなされたものであり、前記床暖房パネルと温水供
給ユニットとの温水配管接続が容易で、かつ凍結防止の
ため循環ポンプの強制運転が不要なヒートポンプ式温水
暖房装置を提供することを目的とする。Therefore, the hot water piping connection between the floor heating panel, the circulation pump and the heat exchange unit is troublesome. On the other hand, if the heat exchange unit is installed outdoors, forced operation of the circulation pump is required when hot water is 0 ° C. or lower to prevent freezing. Therefore, the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and is a heat pump type in which hot water pipe connection between the floor heating panel and the hot water supply unit is easy, and forced operation of the circulation pump is not necessary to prevent freezing. An object is to provide a hot water heating device.
【課題を解決するための手段】このため第１の発明は、
ヒートポンプ式の室外機と、床暖房パネルと、前記室外
機と冷媒配管で接続するとともに前記床暖房パネルと温
水配管で接続する温水供給ユニットとを備えたヒートポ
ンプ式温水暖房装置において、前記温水供給ユニットに
は冷媒と水とを熱交換させる加熱用の熱交換器と、前記
温水配管途中に配設される循環ポンプとを設けたことを
特徴とする。また第２の発明は、ヒートポンプ式の室外
機と、床暖房パネルと、前記室外機と冷媒配管で接続す
るとともに前記床暖房パネルと温水配管で接続する温水
供給ユニットとを備えたヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置に
おいて、前記温水供給ユニットには冷媒と水とを熱交換
させる加熱用の熱交換器と、前記温水配管途中に配設さ
れる循環ポンプと、前記室外機と前記冷媒配管を介して
接続するための冷媒用バルブと、前記床暖房パネルと前
記温水配管を介して接続するための温水用バルブと、リ
モートコントローラと通信可能に接続される制御装置
と、この制御装置に接続するとともに前記室外機と通信
可能に接続するための通信線接続用端子とを設けたこと
を特徴とする。更に第３の発明は、前記温水供給ユニッ
トを室内に設置することを特徴とする。Therefore, the first invention is
A heat pump type hot water heating device comprising a heat pump type outdoor unit, a floor heating panel, and a hot water supply unit connected to the outdoor unit by a refrigerant pipe and connected to the floor heating panel and a hot water pipe in the hot water heating unit. Is provided with a heat exchanger for heating for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and water, and a circulation pump disposed in the middle of the hot water pipe. A second aspect of the present invention is a heat pump hot water heating system including a heat pump outdoor unit, a floor heating panel, and a hot water supply unit connected to the outdoor unit by a refrigerant pipe and connected to the floor heating panel by a hot water pipe. In the apparatus, a heating heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a refrigerant and water, a circulation pump disposed in the middle of the hot water pipe, and the outdoor unit are connected to the hot water supply unit via the refrigerant pipe. Valve for refrigerant, hot water valve for connecting to the floor heating panel via the hot water pipe, control device communicatively connected to a remote controller, and the outdoor unit connected to the control device And a communication line connection terminal for communicatively connecting to. Furthermore, the third invention is characterized in that the hot water supply unit is installed indoors.
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面
に基づき説明する。図１は、本発明に係るヒートポンプ
式温水暖房装置を示した図である。このヒートポンプ式
温水暖房装置は大きく分けて、ヒートポンプ式の室外機
１と、居間などに敷設される床暖房装置であり温水配管
が配設された床暖房パネル２と、前記室外機１と冷媒配
管３で接続するとともに前記床暖房パネル２と温水配管
４で接続する温水供給ユニット５とから構成される。ヒ
ートポンプ式の前記室外機１は、冷媒を吸入圧縮し高温
高圧にする圧縮機６と、電動式の膨張弁７と、外気と冷
媒との熱交換を行う熱交換器としての蒸発器８、四方弁
９及びマイクロコンピュータなどを備えた制御装置１０
などから構成される。なお、使用する冷媒の種類は、Ｃ
Ｏ2、Ｒ４１０Ａ、Ｒ２２など、その種類は問わない。
そして、前記温水供給ユニット５には冷媒と水とを熱交
換させる加熱用の冷媒対水熱交換器１１と、前記温水配
管４の戻り途中に配設される循環ポンプ１２と、温水の
循環経路中に設けられる膨張タンク１３と、前記室外機
１と接続するための冷媒用バルブ１４、１４と、前記床
暖房パネル２と前記温水配管４を介して接続するための
温水用バルブ１５、１５と、前記床暖房パネル２が敷設
される居間の壁内に埋設されて利用者により操作される
リモートコントローラ１６と通信線１７及び通信線接続
用端子１８を介して通信可能に接続されるマイクロコン
ピュータなどを備えた制御装置１９と、この制御装置１
９に接続するとともに前記室外機１の制御装置１０と通
信線２０を介して通信可能に接続するための通信線接続
用端子２１、前記制御装置１９を電源２２に接続するた
めの接続用端子２３とが設けられている。なお、前記リ
モートコントローラ１６には室内温度を検出するための
室内温度検出センサ２４が設けられ、また前記床暖房パ
ネル２には該パネル２の床表面温度を検出する床温度セ
ンサ２５が設けられ、更に戻り用の温水配管４の水温度
を検出する水温度センサ２６が設けられており、前記リ
モートコントローラ１６により設定された床暖房の設定
温度に応じて前記室内温度検出センサ２４、床温度セン
サ２５、水温度センサ２６の検出出力に基づき、制御装
置１９が当該温水供給ユニット５を制御すると共に制御
装置１０を介して室外機１の圧縮機６を制御する。次
に、このヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置の使用方法につい
て説明する。ヒートポンプ式の室外機１の稼動にて発生
する熱エネルギーにより温水供給ユニット５の冷媒対水
熱交換器１１により冷媒と水とが熱交換され、温水配管
４内を循環ポンプ１２により循環する温水を加温して、
温水バルブ１５を介して床暖房パネル２に供給し、この
床暖房パネル２で空気と熱交換して床暖房が行われる。
このとき、リモートコントローラ１６により設定された
床暖房の設定温度に応じて前記床温度センサ２５や水温
度センサ２６の検出出力に基づいて、制御装置１９が当
該温水供給ユニット５を制御すると共に制御装置１０を
介して室外機１の圧縮機６を制御する。そして、圧縮機
６のインバータによる運転周波数によって温水温度を調
整するが、必要に応じて流量調整弁（図示せず）により
流量を調整する。以上のように、本実施形態によれば、
ヒートポンプ式の室外機１と、床暖房パネル２と、前記
室外機１と冷媒配管３で接続するとともに前記床暖房パ
ネル２と温水配管４で接続する温水供給ユニット５とを
備えたヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置において、前記温水
供給ユニット５には冷媒と水とを熱交換させる加熱用の
冷媒対水熱交換器１１と、前記温水配管４途中に配設さ
れる循環ポンプ１２とを設けたから、前記床暖房パネル
２と温水供給ユニット５との温水配管接続が容易で、か
つ当該温水供給ユニット５は室内、室外を問わず設置可
能であるが室内に設置すると凍結防止のため循環ポンプ
１２の強制運転が不要となる。また、本実施形態によれ
ば、ヒートポンプ式の室外機１と、床暖房パネル２と、
前記室外機１と冷媒配管３で接続するとともに前記床暖
房パネル２と温水配管４で接続する温水供給ユニット５
とを備えたヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置において、前記
温水供給ユニット５には冷媒と水とを熱交換させる加熱
用の冷媒対水熱交換器１１と、前記温水配管４途中に配
設される循環ポンプ１２と、前記室外機１と前記冷媒配
管３を介して接続するための冷媒用バルブ１４、１４
と、前記床暖房パネル２と前記温水配管４を介して接続
するための温水用バルブ１５、１５と、リモートコント
ローラ１６と通信可能に接続される制御装置１９と、こ
の制御装置１９に接続するとともに前記室外機１と通信
可能に接続するための通信線接続用端子２１とを設けた
から、前記床暖房パネル２と温水供給ユニット５との温
水配管接続及び前記室外機と温水供給ユニットとの冷媒
配管接続が容易で、かつ室外機との通信線の接続も容易
であり、また当該温水供給ユニット５は室内、室外を問
わず設置可能であるが室内に設置すると凍結防止のため
循環ポンプ１２の強制運転が不要となる。なお、以上本
発明の実施態様について説明したが、上述の説明に基づ
いて当業者にとって種々の代替例、修正又は変形が可能
であり、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で前述の種々の
代替例、修正又は変形を包含するものである。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a heat pump type hot water heating device according to the present invention. The heat pump type hot water heating apparatus is roughly divided into a heat pump type outdoor unit 1, a floor heating panel 2 which is a floor heating apparatus installed in a living room or the like, and a hot water pipe is arranged, the outdoor unit 1 and a refrigerant pipe. The floor heating panel 2 and the hot water supply unit 5 are connected by the hot water pipe 4. The heat pump type outdoor unit 1 includes a compressor 6 that sucks and compresses a refrigerant to increase its temperature and pressure, an electric expansion valve 7, an evaporator 8 as a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange between outside air and the refrigerant, and a four-way unit. Control device 10 including valve 9 and microcomputer
Etc. The type of refrigerant used is C
The type of O 2 , R410A, R22, etc. is not limited.
Then, in the hot water supply unit 5, a refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger 11 for heating for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and water, a circulation pump 12 arranged in the middle of returning the hot water pipe 4, and a circulation path of hot water. An expansion tank 13 provided therein, refrigerant valves 14 and 14 for connecting to the outdoor unit 1, and hot water valves 15 and 15 for connecting to the floor heating panel 2 via the hot water pipe 4. A microcomputer that is embedded in the wall of the living room where the floor heating panel 2 is laid and is communicatively connected to a remote controller 16 operated by a user through a communication line 17 and a communication line connection terminal 18; And a control device 19 including the
9, a communication line connection terminal 21 for connecting to the control device 10 of the outdoor unit 1 via the communication line 20, and a connection terminal 23 for connecting the control device 19 to the power supply 22. And are provided. In addition, the remote controller 16 is provided with an indoor temperature detection sensor 24 for detecting an indoor temperature, and the floor heating panel 2 is provided with a floor temperature sensor 25 for detecting a floor surface temperature of the panel 2. Further, a water temperature sensor 26 for detecting the water temperature of the return hot water pipe 4 is provided, and the indoor temperature detection sensor 24 and the floor temperature sensor 25 are set according to the set temperature of the floor heating set by the remote controller 16. The control device 19 controls the hot water supply unit 5 based on the detection output of the water temperature sensor 26, and also controls the compressor 6 of the outdoor unit 1 via the control device 10. Next, a method of using this heat pump type hot water heater will be described. The refrigerant and water are heat-exchanged by the refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger 11 of the hot water supply unit 5 by the heat energy generated by the operation of the heat pump type outdoor unit 1, and the hot water circulated in the hot water pipe 4 by the circulation pump 12 is supplied. Warm it up,
It is supplied to the floor heating panel 2 through the hot water valve 15, and the floor heating panel 2 exchanges heat with air to perform floor heating.
At this time, the control device 19 controls the hot water supply unit 5 based on the detection outputs of the floor temperature sensor 25 and the water temperature sensor 26 according to the set temperature of the floor heating set by the remote controller 16 and the control device. The compressor 6 of the outdoor unit 1 is controlled via 10. Then, the hot water temperature is adjusted by the operating frequency of the inverter of the compressor 6, but the flow rate is adjusted by a flow rate adjusting valve (not shown) as necessary. As described above, according to the present embodiment,
Heat pump hot water heating including a heat pump type outdoor unit 1, a floor heating panel 2, and a hot water supply unit 5 connected to the outdoor unit 1 by a refrigerant pipe 3 and connected to the floor heating panel 2 by a hot water pipe 4. In the apparatus, since the hot water supply unit 5 is provided with a refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger 11 for heating for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and water, and a circulation pump 12 arranged in the hot water pipe 4, the floor The hot water pipe connection between the heating panel 2 and the hot water supply unit 5 is easy, and the hot water supply unit 5 can be installed indoors or outdoors. However, if it is installed indoors, the forced operation of the circulation pump 12 can be prevented to prevent freezing. It becomes unnecessary. Further, according to the present embodiment, the heat pump type outdoor unit 1, the floor heating panel 2,
A hot water supply unit 5 that is connected to the outdoor unit 1 by a refrigerant pipe 3 and is connected to the floor heating panel 2 by a hot water pipe 4.
In a heat pump type hot water heating device including: a heat exchanger 11 for heating to heat the refrigerant and water in the hot water supply unit 5; and a circulation pump arranged in the hot water pipe 4. 12 and refrigerant valves 14 and 14 for connecting to the outdoor unit 1 through the refrigerant pipe 3.
And hot water valves 15 and 15 for connecting to the floor heating panel 2 via the hot water pipe 4, a controller 19 communicatively connected to a remote controller 16, and a controller 19 connected to the controller 19. Since the communication line connection terminal 21 for communicatively connecting to the outdoor unit 1 is provided, the hot water pipe connection between the floor heating panel 2 and the hot water supply unit 5 and the refrigerant pipe between the outdoor unit and the hot water supply unit. The connection is easy and the connection of the communication line with the outdoor unit is also easy. The hot water supply unit 5 can be installed indoors or outdoors, but when installed indoors, the circulation pump 12 is forced to prevent freezing. No need for driving. Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, various alternatives, modifications or variations can be made by those skilled in the art based on the above description, and the various alternatives described above are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. , Modifications or variations.
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明は、床暖房パネルと
温水供給ユニットとの温水配管接続が容易である。ま
た、温水供給ユニットは室内、室外を問わず設置可能で
あるが、室内に設置すると、凍結防止のために循環ポン
プの強制運転が必要ない。As described above, according to the present invention, the hot water pipe connection between the floor heating panel and the hot water supply unit is easy. The hot water supply unit can be installed indoors or outdoors, but if installed indoors, forced operation of the circulation pump is not necessary to prevent freezing.
【図１】ヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a heat pump type hot water heating device.
１ 室外機 ２ 床暖房パネル ３ 冷媒配管 ４ 温水配管 ５ 温水供給ユニット １１ 冷媒対水熱交換器 １２ 循環ポンプ １４ 冷媒用バルブ １５ 温水用バルブ １６ リモートコントローラ １８、２１、２３ 通信線接続用端子 １９ 制御装置 1 outdoor unit 2 floor heating panel 3 Refrigerant piping 4 Hot water piping 5 Hot water supply unit 11 Refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger 12 Circulation pump 14 Refrigerant valve 15 Hot water valve 16 Remote controller 18, 21, 23 Communication line connection terminals 19 Control device
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ───
【手続補正書】[Procedure amendment]
【提出日】平成１４年１０月１１日（２００２．１０．
１１）[Submission date] October 11, 2002 (2002.10.
11)
【手続補正１】[Procedure Amendment 1]
【補正対象書類名】明細書[Document name to be amended] Statement
【補正対象項目名】全文[Correction target item name] Full text
【補正方法】変更[Correction method] Change
【補正内容】[Correction content]
【書類名】 明細書[Document name] Statement
【発明の名称】 ヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置[Title of Invention] Heat pump type hot water heater
【特許請求の範囲】[Claims]
【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention
【０００１】[0001]
【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、ヒートポンプ式の
室外機と、床暖房パネルと、前記室外機と冷媒配管で接
続するとともに前記床暖房パネルと温水配管で接続する
温水供給ユニットとを備えたヒートポンプ式温水暖房装
置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention comprises a heat pump type outdoor unit, a floor heating panel, and a hot water supply unit which is connected to the outdoor unit by a refrigerant pipe and is connected to the floor heating panel by a hot water pipe. The present invention relates to a heat pump type hot water heating device.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】この種のヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置
は、特開２００１−１２４３４９号公報や、特開２００
２−８９８６７号公報などに開示されているように、温
水配管途中に配設される循環ポンプは床暖房パネルと温
水配管で接続する熱交換ユニットの外部に設けられてい
る。2. Description of the Related Art A heat pump type hot water heater of this type is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-124349 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 200-200349.
As disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-89867, the circulation pump disposed in the middle of the hot water pipe is provided outside the heat exchange unit connected to the floor heating panel by the hot water pipe.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従って、前記床暖房パ
ネルと、循環ポンプと、熱交換ユニットとの温水配管接
続が面倒である。一方、熱交換ユニットを室外に設置す
ると、凍結防止のため温水が０℃以下で循環ポンプの強
制運転が必要である。Therefore, the hot water piping connection between the floor heating panel, the circulation pump and the heat exchange unit is troublesome. On the other hand, if the heat exchange unit is installed outdoors, forced operation of the circulation pump is required when hot water is 0 ° C. or lower to prevent freezing.
【０００４】そこで本発明は、上述の事情を考慮してな
されたものであり、前記床暖房パネルと温水供給ユニッ
トとの温水配管接続が容易で、かつ凍結防止のため循環
ポンプの強制運転が不要なヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置
を提供することを目的とする。Therefore, the present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned circumstances, and the hot water pipe connection between the floor heating panel and the hot water supply unit is easy, and forcible operation of the circulation pump is not necessary to prevent freezing. To provide a simple heat pump type hot water heating device.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】このため第１の発明は、
ヒートポンプ式の室外機と、床暖房パネルと、前記室外
機と冷媒配管で接続するとともに前記床暖房パネルと温
水配管で接続する温水供給ユニットとを備えたヒートポ
ンプ式温水暖房装置において、前記温水供給ユニットに
は冷媒と水とを熱交換させる加熱用の熱交換器と、前記
温水配管途中に配設される循環ポンプとを設けたことを
特徴とする。Therefore, the first invention is
A heat pump type hot water heating device comprising a heat pump type outdoor unit, a floor heating panel, and a hot water supply unit connected to the outdoor unit by a refrigerant pipe and connected to the floor heating panel and a hot water pipe in the hot water heating unit. Is provided with a heat exchanger for heating for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and water, and a circulation pump disposed in the middle of the hot water pipe.
【０００６】また第２の発明は、ヒートポンプ式の室外
機と、床暖房パネルと、前記室外機と冷媒配管で接続す
るとともに前記床暖房パネルと温水配管で接続する温水
供給ユニットとを備えたヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置に
おいて、前記温水供給ユニットには冷媒と水とを熱交換
させる加熱用の熱交換器と、前記温水配管途中に配設さ
れる循環ポンプと、前記室外機と前記冷媒配管を介して
接続するための冷媒用バルブと、前記床暖房パネルと前
記温水配管を介して接続するための温水用バルブと、リ
モートコントローラと通信可能に接続される制御装置
と、この制御装置に接続するとともに前記室外機と通信
可能に接続するための通信線接続用端子とを設けたこと
を特徴とする。A second invention is a heat pump including a heat pump type outdoor unit, a floor heating panel, and a hot water supply unit connected to the outdoor unit by a refrigerant pipe and connected to the floor heating panel by a hot water pipe. In the hot water heating device, the hot water supply unit includes a heating heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a refrigerant and water, a circulation pump disposed in the middle of the hot water pipe, the outdoor unit and the refrigerant pipe. And a refrigerant valve for connection, a hot water valve for connecting to the floor heating panel via the hot water pipe, a control device communicatively connected to a remote controller, and a control device connected to the control device. A communication line connection terminal for communicatively connecting to the outdoor unit is provided.
【０００７】更に第３の発明は、前記温水供給ユニット
を室内に設置することを特徴とする。Furthermore, the third invention is characterized in that the hot water supply unit is installed indoors.
【０００８】[0008]
【発明の実施の形態】以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面
に基づき説明する。図１は、本発明に係るヒートポンプ
式温水暖房装置を示した図である。このヒートポンプ式
温水暖房装置は大きく分けて、ヒートポンプ式の室外機
１と、居間などに敷設される床暖房装置であり温水配管
が配設された床暖房パネル２と、前記室外機１と冷媒配
管３で接続するとともに前記床暖房パネル２と温水配管
４で接続する温水供給ユニット５とから構成される。BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a heat pump type hot water heating device according to the present invention. The heat pump type hot water heating apparatus is roughly divided into a heat pump type outdoor unit 1, a floor heating panel 2 which is a floor heating apparatus installed in a living room or the like, and a hot water pipe is arranged, the outdoor unit 1 and a refrigerant pipe. The floor heating panel 2 and the hot water supply unit 5 are connected by the hot water pipe 4.
【０００９】ヒートポンプ式の前記室外機１は、冷媒を
吸入圧縮し高温高圧にする圧縮機６と、電動式の膨張弁
７と、外気と冷媒との熱交換を行う熱交換器としての蒸
発器８、四方弁９及びマイクロコンピュータなどを備え
た制御装置１０などから構成される。なお、使用する冷
媒の種類は、ＣＯ2、Ｒ４１０Ａ、Ｒ２２など、その種
類は問わない。The heat pump type outdoor unit 1 includes a compressor 6 which sucks and compresses a refrigerant to increase its temperature and pressure, an electric expansion valve 7, and an evaporator as a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between outside air and the refrigerant. 8, a four-way valve 9, a control device 10 including a microcomputer, and the like. The type of the refrigerant used may be CO 2 , R410A, R22, or the like.
【００１０】そして、前記温水供給ユニット５には冷媒
と水とを熱交換させる加熱用の冷媒対水熱交換器１１
と、前記温水配管４の戻り途中に配設される循環ポンプ
１２と、温水の循環経路中に設けられる膨張タンク１３
と、前記室外機１と接続するための冷媒用バルブ１４、
１４と、前記床暖房パネル２と前記温水配管４を介して
接続するための温水用バルブ１５、１５と、前記床暖房
パネル２が敷設される居間の壁内に埋設されて利用者に
より操作されるリモートコントローラ１６と通信線１７
及び通信線接続用端子１８を介して通信可能に接続され
るマイクロコンピュータなどを備えた制御装置１９と、
この制御装置１９に接続するとともに前記室外機１の制
御装置１０と通信線２０を介して通信可能に接続するた
めの通信線接続用端子２１、前記制御装置１９を電源２
２に接続するための接続用端子２３とが設けられてい
る。The hot water supply unit 5 includes a heat exchanger 11 for heating the refrigerant for heating for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and water.
And a circulation pump 12 arranged on the way of returning the hot water pipe 4, and an expansion tank 13 provided in the circulation path of the hot water.
And a refrigerant valve 14 for connecting to the outdoor unit 1,
14, hot water valves 15 and 15 for connecting to the floor heating panel 2 via the hot water pipe 4, and embedded in the wall of the living room where the floor heating panel 2 is laid and operated by the user. Remote controller 16 and communication line 17
And a control device 19 including a microcomputer or the like, which is communicatively connected via a communication line connection terminal 18,
A communication line connection terminal 21 for connecting to the control device 19 and communicatively connecting to the control device 10 of the outdoor unit 1 via a communication line 20, and the control device 19 as a power source 2
2, and a connection terminal 23 for connecting to 2.
【００１１】なお、前記リモートコントローラ１６には
室内温度を検出するための室内温度検出センサ２４が設
けられ、また前記床暖房パネル２には該パネル２の床表
面温度を検出する床温度センサ２５が設けられ、更に戻
り用の温水配管４の水温度を検出する水温度センサ２６
が設けられており、前記リモートコントローラ１６によ
り設定された床暖房の設定温度に応じて前記室内温度検
出センサ２４、床温度センサ２５、水温度センサ２６の
検出出力に基づき、制御装置１９が当該温水供給ユニッ
ト５を制御すると共に制御装置１０を介して室外機１の
圧縮機６を制御する。The remote controller 16 is provided with an indoor temperature detecting sensor 24 for detecting the indoor temperature, and the floor heating panel 2 is provided with a floor temperature sensor 25 for detecting the floor surface temperature of the panel 2. A water temperature sensor 26 provided to detect the water temperature of the return hot water pipe 4
Is provided, and the controller 19 controls the hot water based on the detection outputs of the indoor temperature detection sensor 24, the floor temperature sensor 25, and the water temperature sensor 26 according to the set temperature of the floor heating set by the remote controller 16. In addition to controlling the supply unit 5, the compressor 6 of the outdoor unit 1 is controlled via the control device 10.
【００１２】次に、このヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置の
使用方法について説明する。ヒートポンプ式の室外機１
の稼動にて発生する熱エネルギーにより温水供給ユニッ
ト５の冷媒対水熱交換器１１により冷媒と水とが熱交換
され、温水配管４内を循環ポンプ１２により循環する温
水を加温して、温水バルブ１５を介して床暖房パネル２
に供給し、この床暖房パネル２で空気と熱交換して床暖
房が行われる。Next, a method of using this heat pump type hot water heater will be described. Heat pump type outdoor unit 1
The heat and heat of the refrigerant and water are exchanged by the refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger 11 of the hot water supply unit 5 by the heat energy generated by the operation of the hot water supply unit 5, and the hot water circulating in the hot water pipe 4 is heated by the circulation pump 12 Floor heating panel 2 via valve 15
To the floor heating panel 2 to exchange heat with the air for floor heating.
【００１３】このとき、リモートコントローラ１６によ
り設定された床暖房の設定温度に応じて前記床温度セン
サ２５や水温度センサ２６の検出出力に基づいて、制御
装置１９が当該温水供給ユニット５を制御すると共に制
御装置１０を介して室外機１の圧縮機６を制御する。そ
して、圧縮機６のインバータによる運転周波数によって
温水温度を調整するが、必要に応じて流量調整弁（図示
せず）により流量を調整する。At this time, the control device 19 controls the hot water supply unit 5 based on the detection outputs of the floor temperature sensor 25 and the water temperature sensor 26 according to the set temperature of the floor heating set by the remote controller 16. At the same time, the compressor 6 of the outdoor unit 1 is controlled via the control device 10. Then, the hot water temperature is adjusted by the operating frequency of the inverter of the compressor 6, but the flow rate is adjusted by a flow rate adjusting valve (not shown) as necessary.
【００１４】以上のように、本実施形態によれば、ヒー
トポンプ式の室外機１と、床暖房パネル２と、前記室外
機１と冷媒配管３で接続するとともに前記床暖房パネル
２と温水配管４で接続する温水供給ユニット５とを備え
たヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置において、前記温水供給
ユニット５には冷媒と水とを熱交換させる加熱用の冷媒
対水熱交換器１１と、前記温水配管４途中に配設される
循環ポンプ１２とを設けたから、前記床暖房パネル２と
温水供給ユニット５との温水配管接続が容易で、かつ当
該温水供給ユニット５は室内、室外を問わず設置可能で
あるが室内に設置すると凍結防止のため循環ポンプ１２
の強制運転が不要となる。As described above, according to this embodiment, the heat pump type outdoor unit 1, the floor heating panel 2, the outdoor unit 1 and the refrigerant pipe 3 are connected, and the floor heating panel 2 and the hot water pipe 4 are connected. In a heat pump type hot water heating device provided with a hot water supply unit 5 connected to each other, the hot water supply unit 5 includes a refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger 11 for heating for exchanging heat between a refrigerant and water, and the hot water pipe 4 midway. Since the circulation pump 12 disposed in the above is provided, it is easy to connect the floor heating panel 2 and the hot water supply unit 5 with hot water piping, and the hot water supply unit 5 can be installed indoors or outdoors. Circulation pump 12 to prevent freezing when installed indoors
No forced operation is required.
【００１５】また、本実施形態によれば、ヒートポンプ
式の室外機１と、床暖房パネル２と、前記室外機１と冷
媒配管３で接続するとともに前記床暖房パネル２と温水
配管４で接続する温水供給ユニット５とを備えたヒート
ポンプ式温水暖房装置において、前記温水供給ユニット
５には冷媒と水とを熱交換させる加熱用の冷媒対水熱交
換器１１と、前記温水配管４途中に配設される循環ポン
プ１２と、前記室外機１と前記冷媒配管３を介して接続
するための冷媒用バルブ１４、１４と、前記床暖房パネ
ル２と前記温水配管４を介して接続するための温水用バ
ルブ１５、１５と、リモートコントローラ１６と通信可
能に接続される制御装置１９と、この制御装置１９に接
続するとともに前記室外機１と通信可能に接続するため
の通信線接続用端子２１とを設けたから、前記床暖房パ
ネル２と温水供給ユニット５との温水配管接続及び前記
室外機と温水供給ユニットとの冷媒配管接続が容易で、
かつ室外機との通信線の接続も容易であり、また当該温
水供給ユニット５は室内、室外を問わず設置可能である
が室内に設置すると凍結防止のため循環ポンプ１２の強
制運転が不要となる。Further, according to this embodiment, the heat pump type outdoor unit 1, the floor heating panel 2, the outdoor unit 1 and the refrigerant pipe 3 are connected, and the floor heating panel 2 and the hot water pipe 4 are connected. In a heat pump type hot water heating device provided with a hot water supply unit 5, a refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger 11 for heating, which heat-exchanges a refrigerant and water, is provided in the hot water supply unit 5, and the hot water pipe 4 is provided in the middle thereof. A circulating pump 12, refrigerant valves 14 and 14 for connecting the outdoor unit 1 to the refrigerant pipe 3, and hot water for connecting the floor heating panel 2 to the hot water pipe 4. A control device 19 communicatively connected to the valves 15 and 15, the remote controller 16, and a communication line connection end for connecting to the control device 19 and communicatively connected to the outdoor unit 1. Because provided and 21, refrigerant pipe connecting the hot water pipe connections and the outdoor unit and the hot water supply unit and the floor heating panel 2 and the hot water supply unit 5 is easy,
In addition, it is easy to connect a communication line to an outdoor unit, and the hot water supply unit 5 can be installed indoors or outdoors, but when installed indoors, forced operation of the circulation pump 12 is unnecessary to prevent freezing. .
【００１６】なお、以上本発明の実施態様について説明
したが、上述の説明に基づいて当業者にとって種々の代
替例、修正又は変形が可能であり、本発明の趣旨を逸脱
しない範囲で前述の種々の代替例、修正又は変形を包含
するものである。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, various alternatives, modifications, and variations can be made by those skilled in the art based on the above description, and the above various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. , Alternatives, modifications or variations of.
【００１７】[0017]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明は、床暖房パネルと
温水供給ユニットとの温水配管接続が容易である。ま
た、温水供給ユニットは室内、室外を問わず設置可能で
あるが、室内に設置すると、凍結防止のために循環ポン
プの強制運転が必要ない。As described above, according to the present invention, the hot water pipe connection between the floor heating panel and the hot water supply unit is easy. The hot water supply unit can be installed indoors or outdoors, but if installed indoors, forced operation of the circulation pump is not necessary to prevent freezing.
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]
【図１】ヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a heat pump type hot water heating device.
【符号の説明】 １ 室外機 ２ 床暖房パネル ３ 冷媒配管 ４ 温水配管 ５ 温水供給ユニット １１ 冷媒対水熱交換器 １２ 循環ポンプ １４ 冷媒用バルブ １５ 温水用バルブ １６ リモートコントローラ １８、２１、２３ 通信線接続用端子 １９ 制御装置[Explanation of symbols] 1 outdoor unit 2 floor heating panel 3 Refrigerant piping 4 Hot water piping 5 Hot water supply unit 11 Refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger 12 Circulation pump 14 Refrigerant valve 15 Hot water valve 16 Remote controller 18, 21, 23 Communication line connection terminals 19 Control device
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 斉藤 貞治 栃木県足利市大月町１番地 三洋電機空調 株式会社内 Ｆターム(参考） 3L070 AA02 BB14 DD02 DE09 3L071 BB02 BC02 BD02 BE01 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page (72) Inventor Sadaharu Saito 1 Otsuki-cho, Ashikaga City, Tochigi Prefecture Sanyo Electric Air Conditioning Within the corporation F term (reference) 3L070 AA02 BB14 DD02 DE09 3L071 BB02 BC02 BD02 BE01
Claims (3)
ルと、前記室外機と冷媒配管で接続するとともに前記床
暖房パネルと温水配管で接続する温水供給ユニットとを
備えたヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置において、前記温水
供給ユニットには冷媒と水とを熱交換させる加熱用の熱
交換器と、前記温水配管途中に配設される循環ポンプと
を設けたことを特徴とするヒートポンプ式温水暖房装
置。1. A heat pump hot water heating device comprising a heat pump outdoor unit, a floor heating panel, and a hot water supply unit connected to the outdoor unit by a refrigerant pipe and connected to the floor heating panel by a hot water pipe. The heat pump type hot water heating device, wherein the hot water supply unit is provided with a heat exchanger for heating for exchanging heat between the refrigerant and water, and a circulation pump arranged in the middle of the hot water pipe.
ルと、前記室外機と冷媒配管で接続するとともに前記床
暖房パネルと温水配管で接続する温水供給ユニットとを
備えたヒートポンプ式温水暖房装置において、前記温水
供給ユニットには冷媒と水とを熱交換させる加熱用の熱
交換器と、前記温水配管途中に配設される循環ポンプ
と、前記室外機と前記冷媒配管を介して接続するための
冷媒用バルブと、前記床暖房パネルと前記温水配管を介
して接続するための温水用バルブと、リモートコントロ
ーラと通信可能に接続される制御装置と、この制御装置
に接続するとともに前記室外機と通信可能に接続するた
めの通信線接続用端子とを設けたことを特徴とするヒー
トポンプ式温水暖房装置。2. A heat pump hot water heating device comprising a heat pump outdoor unit, a floor heating panel, and a hot water supply unit connected to the outdoor unit by a refrigerant pipe and connected to the floor heating panel by a hot water pipe. In the hot water supply unit, a heat exchanger for heating for exchanging heat between a refrigerant and water, a circulation pump arranged in the middle of the hot water pipe, and the outdoor unit and the refrigerant pipe for connection via A refrigerant valve, a hot water valve for connecting to the floor heating panel via the hot water pipe, a control device communicatively connected to a remote controller, and a communication device connected to the control device and communicating with the outdoor unit. A heat pump type hot water heating device, characterized in that a communication line connection terminal for enabling connection is provided.
ことを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載のヒート
ポンプ式温水暖房装置。3. The heat pump type hot water heating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the hot water supply unit is installed indoors.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002121791A JP2003314838A (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2002-04-24 | Heat pump type hot water heating device |
| KR10-2003-0025637A KR20030084686A (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-23 | Heat pump type warm water heating apparatus |
| CNB031232663A CN1233956C (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-04-24 | Heat pump type hot-water central heating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002121791A JP2003314838A (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2002-04-24 | Heat pump type hot water heating device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003314838A true JP2003314838A (en) | 2003-11-06 |
Family
ID=29537594
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002121791A Pending JP2003314838A (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2002-04-24 | Heat pump type hot water heating device |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2003314838A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20030084686A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1233956C (en) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2284333A1 (en) * | 2005-07-04 | 2007-11-01 | Raditherm, S.L. | Air conditioning device comprises external unit and internal unit, where heat or cold are transported between units by refrigerating gas, where internal unit is used for heating and for hydronic cooling |
| CN100439847C (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2008-12-03 | 河南新飞电器有限公司 | Plate-type heat exchanger antifreeze apparatus and control method thereof |
| WO2010098072A1 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2010-09-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat pump system |
| WO2011080801A1 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-07 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat pump system |
| WO2011080805A1 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-07 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat-pump system |
| WO2011092741A1 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-04 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat pump system |
| WO2018099108A1 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-07 | 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 | Air conditioner and pipeline antifreeze control method and apparatus therefor |
| CN112728978A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江中广电器股份有限公司 | Air conditioning system with plate heat exchanger and anti-freezing control method thereof |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006162101A (en) * | 2004-12-03 | 2006-06-22 | Hitachi Home & Life Solutions Inc | Heat pump water heater |
| JP5078421B2 (en) * | 2007-05-01 | 2012-11-21 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | Heat pump hot water floor heater |
| KR200452106Y1 (en) * | 2010-06-17 | 2011-02-01 | 주식회사 이고 | Bicycle air injection device |
| CN105222219B (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-08-29 | 江苏天舒电器有限公司 | A kind of source pump alternating temperature heating temperature control method of water and its control device |
| CN105115012B (en) * | 2015-09-16 | 2017-10-03 | 江苏天舒电器有限公司 | A kind of source pump and its control method for radiator heating |
-
2002
- 2002-04-24 JP JP2002121791A patent/JP2003314838A/en active Pending
-
2003
- 2003-04-23 KR KR10-2003-0025637A patent/KR20030084686A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-24 CN CNB031232663A patent/CN1233956C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100439847C (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2008-12-03 | 河南新飞电器有限公司 | Plate-type heat exchanger antifreeze apparatus and control method thereof |
| ES2284333A1 (en) * | 2005-07-04 | 2007-11-01 | Raditherm, S.L. | Air conditioning device comprises external unit and internal unit, where heat or cold are transported between units by refrigerating gas, where internal unit is used for heating and for hydronic cooling |
| WO2010098072A1 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2010-09-02 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat pump system |
| WO2011080801A1 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-07 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat pump system |
| WO2011080805A1 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2011-07-07 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat-pump system |
| US9310106B2 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2016-04-12 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat pump system |
| US9618236B2 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2017-04-11 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat pump system |
| WO2011092741A1 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2011-08-04 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Heat pump system |
| US9429343B2 (en) | 2010-01-29 | 2016-08-30 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Heat pump system |
| WO2018099108A1 (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2018-06-07 | 重庆美的通用制冷设备有限公司 | Air conditioner and pipeline antifreeze control method and apparatus therefor |
| CN112728978A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 浙江中广电器股份有限公司 | Air conditioning system with plate heat exchanger and anti-freezing control method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1233956C (en) | 2005-12-28 |
| KR20030084686A (en) | 2003-11-01 |
| CN1460816A (en) | 2003-12-10 |
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