JP2003311175A - Crushing device electrode and crushing device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crushing device electrode exhibiting a high crushing ability by effectively utilizing a fed power and realizing a long life, and a crushing device. <P>SOLUTION: The electrode 1, i.e., the crushing device electrode is the one for generating discharge and provided with a center electrode 12 and an outer periphery electrode 14. At least any one of the center electrode 12 and the outer electrode 14 contains at least one selected from the group of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and an alloy thereof. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crushing device electrode and a crushing device, and more particularly, to a crushing device electrode and a crushing device which have a high crushing capacity and which can extend the life of the electrode. Regarding the device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A crushing method for destroying rocks, etc.
As one of the methods, a method is known in which a large current is applied to an electrode to generate a discharge to form plasma, and the plasma is used to crush rocks or the like. Specifically, rock or the like is crushed by the following method, for example. First, a lower hole is formed in a rock that is an object to be crushed, and an electrolytic solution such as water is injected into the lower hole. Further, a coaxial electrode is inserted into this pilot hole, and a large current is applied to this coaxial electrode from a pulse power source, so that discharge is generated inside the pilot hole. At this time, the electrolytic solution near the tip of the coaxial electrode is turned into plasma by the discharge energy, so that a pressure wave is generated. Rocks and the like around the coaxial electrode are destroyed by this pressure wave.

The coaxial electrode used in such a crushing method is required to have a high durability such that it receives a large impact when rock is crushed and can withstand repeated use. As a coaxial electrode having such high durability, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-500799, a coaxial electrode provided with a buffering means using a coil or the like for attenuating / absorbing a shock to the coaxial electrode at the time of crushing. A probe device including is disclosed. This special table 11-50079
In the coaxial electrode disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-90, copper, brass, steel or the like is used as an electrode material.

[0004]

However, as a result of the study by the inventor, the coaxial electrode disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 11-500799 mentioned above has the following problems.

That is, in the above-mentioned conventional coaxial electrode,
For example, when a material such as copper or steel is used as the material of the positive electrode, when a large current is applied to the coaxial electrode to generate a discharge, the copper or the like forming the electrode is partially evaporated with this discharge. . As a result, the electrodes are worn out, and it was necessary to replace the coaxial electrodes with new electrodes after repeating the discharge to some extent. That is, the life of the coaxial electrode was shortened. When the life of the coaxial electrode is short as described above, it is necessary to frequently replace the coaxial electrode, which increases the running cost of the crushing work. Further, since the crushing work itself is interrupted due to the replacement work of the coaxial electrode, there is a problem that the work efficiency of the crushing work is lowered.

Further, the fact that the copper or the like forming the electrodes is evaporated by the discharge means that a part of the electric power supplied to the coaxial electrode is consumed for the evaporation or chemical reaction of the copper or the like forming the electrodes. Means As a result, of the power supplied to the coaxial electrode, the amount of power effectively used for crushing rocks is relatively small. That is, there has been a problem that the electric power input to the coaxial electrode in the crushing work cannot be effectively used for crushing rocks or the like.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to effectively utilize input electric power to exhibit high crushing ability and to prolong the service life. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode for a crushing device and a crushing device that can be used.

[0008]

The inventor has conducted experiments and studies using various materials as materials for forming electrodes for a crushing device, and has completed the present invention. First,
The inventor carried out a crushing experiment by using a noble metal such as copper, steel, silver, gold, iridium and palladium, or an alloy thereof as a material of an electrode of an electrode for a crushing device, and was effective in the wear state and crushing of the electrode. We investigated the amount of electricity used. As a result, when an electrode made of a noble metal such as gold, silver, or a silver alloy and its alloy is used, the electrode is less worn than an electrode made of conventional copper or steel, and the amount of power used for crushing is small. I found it to grow. It is considered that this is because the standard electrode potential of these precious metals is higher than that of copper or iron. The standard electrode potential is 1.5 V for gold, 0.8 V for silver, and 0.1 V for copper.
3V, -0.4V for iron.

Then, the inventor further researched a material which can be used as a material for the electrode and has a high standard electrode potential as described above. as a result,
It was found that, depending on the metal, the standard electrode potential fluctuates in the state in which the oxide film is formed on the surface, as compared with the case where the oxide film is not formed. Then, the inventor investigated the standard electrode potential of various materials in the state where an oxide film was formed on the surface thereof. As a result, it was found that the standard electrode potential of niobium (Nb) having an oxide film formed on its surface was higher than the standard electrode potential of silver described above. Similarly, tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), gallium (G)
It has been found that metals such as a) and zirconium (Zr) also show a high standard electrode potential like niobium when an oxide film is formed on the surface. Further, tin (Sn) also showed a relatively high standard electrode potential in the state where the oxide film was formed. These metals show extremely high corrosion resistance when an oxide film is formed on the surface. When these materials were used as the material for the crushing device electrode, the crushing ability could be increased as in the case of using a noble metal such as silver.

The melting point and boiling point of the above-mentioned niobium and the like are twice or more the melting point and boiling point of silver, respectively. The strength of niobium is almost twice that of silver. Furthermore, the above-mentioned metal such as niobium having an oxide film formed on the surface had extremely good corrosion resistance due to the presence of the oxide film. Therefore, the crushing device electrode using niobium or the like had a smaller amount of wear due to discharge than the crushing device electrode using copper, steel, or silver. Incidentally, chemically, niobium has the second best corrosion resistance after the platinum group.

Based on the above-mentioned findings of the inventor, an electrode for a crushing device (hereinafter, also referred to as an electrode) according to one aspect of the present invention generates a discharge and has a crushing device including a positive electrode and a negative electrode. At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is a niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), gallium (Ga), zirconium (Z
r), tin (Sn), and at least one selected from the group consisting of these alloys. An oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof is formed on the surface of at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. May be.

With this configuration, the amount of electric power that is effectively used for crushing rocks or the like can be increased in the electric power that is input to the crushing device electrode, compared to the conventional crushing device electrode that is made of copper or the like. Therefore, the electric power supplied to the crushing device electrode can be used more effectively than before. That is, the crushing capacity of the crusher electrode can be increased.

Further, as compared with the case where the above-mentioned conventional electrode made of copper or steel is used as the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the crushing device electrode,
The electrode for the crushing device according to the present invention can reduce the wear during discharge. Therefore, the life of the crushing device electrode can be extended. As a result, the running cost of the crushing work can be suppressed, and the electrode replacement frequency in the crushing device can be reduced as compared with the conventional one, so that the work efficiency of the crushing work can be improved. It is particularly preferable to use niobium or a niobium alloy as the material of the positive electrode or the negative electrode.

The above-mentioned metal such as niobium has higher mechanical strength than the noble metal such as silver applicable as the material of the electrode for the crushing device. Therefore, the crushing device electrode according to the present invention can reduce the risk of being damaged by contact with a crushing target, as compared with the crushing device electrode using silver or the like.

In the crushing apparatus electrode according to the above aspect 1, at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode may include an electrode member and a base material. The electrode member may be located at one end portion of the crushing device electrode that generates a discharge. The base material may be connected to the electrode member.
The electrode member may include at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof. The base material is
It may be made of a material different from that of the electrode member. An oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof may be formed on the surface of the electrode member.

In this case, by disposing the electrode member containing niobium or the like at the one end portion for generating the discharge, it is possible to increase the crushing ability of the electrode and suppress the wear of the electrode during the discharge. Furthermore, a base material made of a material different from an expensive metal such as niobium forming the electrode member can be used for the portion of the electrode that does not directly face the area where the discharge occurs. Therefore, the amount of expensive metal such as niobium used can be reduced. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the crushing device electrode can be reduced.

In the crushing apparatus electrode according to the above aspect 1, the electrode member may be detachably attached to the base material.

In this case, when the electrode member is worn or damaged due to discharge or other impact, the damaged electrode member can be removed from the base material and a new electrode member can be attached to the base material (only the electrode member can be replaced. it can). Therefore, the maintenance work of the crushing device electrode can be performed more easily and more quickly than when replacing the entire electrode.

In the crushing apparatus electrode according to the above aspect 1, one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be the central conductor, and the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be the outer peripheral conductor. The central conductor may have an outer peripheral surface while extending along the central axis. The outer peripheral conductor may be arranged so as to surround the central conductor via the dielectric. At least one of the central conductor and the peripheral conductor preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin, and alloys thereof. .

In this case, the crushing device electrode according to the present invention can be a so-called coaxial electrode. Since such a coaxial electrode is used in the conventional crushing device, the crushing device electrode according to the present invention can be incorporated in the conventional crushing device. As a result, the crushing device according to the present invention can be easily realized by applying the crushing device electrode according to the present invention to the conventional crushing device.

In the crushing device electrode according to the above aspect 1, the outer peripheral conductor may include a plurality of outer peripheral conductor portions arranged with a gap therebetween in the direction in which the central axis extends.

In this case, when a current is supplied to the crushing device electrode and the current flows between the central conductor as the central electrode and the outer peripheral conductor as the outer peripheral electrode, the crushing device electrode of the central conductor is Discharge is generated between the portion located at the end portion and one of the plurality of outer peripheral conductor portions arranged on the end portion side. Then, discharge is also generated between the plurality of peripheral conductor portions.
That is, in the conventional electrode, the discharge was generated only at one end, whereas in the electrode according to the present invention, the discharge was generated at two or more positions. By increasing the number of places where discharge occurs in this way, it is possible to increase the discharge resistance more than before when the current value is constant. Therefore, the energy consumed by discharge (energy used for crushing) can be increased more reliably than before. Therefore, the capacity (crushing capacity) of the crushing device can be increased. Generally, the discharge resistance is smaller than the resistance of the whole circuit, and the increase of the discharge resistance at several places is smaller than the resistance of the whole circuit.Therefore, the crushing capacity can be increased without changing the size of the power supply. it can.

In the crushing apparatus electrode according to the above aspect 1, the outer peripheral conductor portion may include a base conductor and a discharge surface electrode member. The discharge surface electrode member is preferably arranged on the surface of the base conductor facing the gap. The discharge surface electrode members are niobium, tantalum,
It preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof. The base conductor is preferably made of a material different from the material forming the discharge surface electrode member. It is preferable that an oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof is formed on the surface of the discharge surface electrode member.

In this case, by arranging the discharge surface electrode member containing niobium or the like in a region facing the gap (a region facing the gap in the base conductor) which is a region where the discharge is generated, the crushing ability of the electrode is improved. It is possible to increase the number of electrodes, and it is possible to suppress wear of the outer peripheral conductor portion during discharge. Furthermore, as a material of a portion (base conductor) that does not directly face the area where discharge occurs in the outer peripheral conductor portion,
A material different from expensive metal such as niobium forming the discharge surface electrode member can be used. Therefore, the amount of expensive metal such as niobium used can be reduced. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the crushing device electrode can be reduced.

The base conductor and the discharge surface electrode member may be detachably connected. With this configuration, when the discharge surface electrode member is damaged due to the discharge, only the discharge surface electrode member can be replaced, so that the time and cost required for the maintenance of the crushing device electrode can be reduced.

In the crushing apparatus electrode according to the above aspect 1, one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be a one-sided linear conductor extending in a certain direction. The other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode may be the other linear conductor. The other linear conductor may extend in the same direction as the one linear conductor extends, and may face the one linear conductor via a dielectric. At least one of the one linear conductor and the other linear conductor preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin, and alloys thereof. .

In this case, by arranging two linear conductors, one linear conductor and the other linear conductor, in parallel, the crushing device electrode according to the present invention can be easily manufactured.

In the crushing apparatus electrode according to the above aspect 1, the other linear conductor includes a plurality of other linear conductor portions arranged with a gap between each other in the extending direction of the one linear conductor. You can leave.

In this case, when a current is supplied to the crushing device electrode and the current flows between the one linear conductor and the other linear conductor, the end of the crushing device electrode in the one linear conductor is A discharge is generated between the portion located on the end side and one of the plurality of other linear conductor portions arranged on the end side. Then, another discharge also occurs in the gap between the plurality of other linear conductor portions. That is, in the conventional electrode, the discharge is generated only at one end portion, whereas in the crushing device electrode according to the present invention, the discharge is generated at at least two locations. By increasing the number of places where discharge occurs in this way, it is possible to increase the discharge resistance at the electrode compared to the conventional case when the current value is constant. Since the energy consumed by this discharge (energy used for crushing) is proportional to the discharge resistance of the electrode, the energy used for crushing can be increased more reliably than before. Therefore, the capacity (crushing capacity) of the crushing device can be increased.

The plurality of other linear conductor portions are
On the other hand, the linear conductor can be easily prepared by cutting and dividing it at a plurality of locations. Therefore, since the manufacturing process of the crushing device electrode can be simplified, it is possible to prevent the manufacturing cost of the crushing device electrode from increasing.

In the crushing device electrode according to the above aspect 1, the other linear conductor portion may include a base conductor and a discharge surface electrode member. The discharge surface electrode member may be disposed on the surface of the base conductor facing the gap. The discharge surface electrode member preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof. The base conductor is preferably made of a material different from the material forming the discharge surface electrode member. It is preferable that an oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof is formed on the surface of the discharge surface electrode member.

In this case, by disposing the discharge surface electrode member containing niobium or the like in the region facing the gap (the region facing the gap in the base conductor) which is the region where the discharge is generated, the crushing ability of the electrode is improved. In addition to being able to increase the amount, it is possible to suppress wear of the other linear conductor portion during discharge. Further, as the material of the portion (base conductor) of the other linear conductor portion that does not directly face the region where the discharge occurs (base conductor), it is preferable to use a material different from expensive metal such as niobium forming the discharge surface electrode member. it can. for that reason,
The amount of expensive metal such as niobium used can be reduced. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the crushing device electrode can be reduced.

The base conductor and the discharge surface electrode member may be detachably connected. With this configuration, when the discharge surface electrode member is damaged due to the discharge, only the discharge surface electrode member can be replaced, so that the time and cost required for the maintenance of the crushing device electrode can be reduced.

A crushing device according to another aspect of the present invention comprises:
An electrode for a crushing device according to the above aspect 1 is provided.

By doing so, it is possible to easily obtain a crushing device having high crushing ability and excellent durability.

[0036]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings, the same or corresponding parts will be denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will not be repeated.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining Embodiment 1 of an electrode and a crushing apparatus using the electrode according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged perspective schematic view showing a tip portion of the electrode shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. Embodiment 1 of an electrode and a crushing device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the crushing device according to the present invention comprises an electrode 1 which is an electrode for a crushing device, a pulse power source 6, a power source 9 and a coaxial cable 5. The pulse power source 6 is composed of a circuit including a capacitor 8 and a switch 7. A power source 9 is connected to the pulse power source 6. The circuit forming the pulse power source 6 is grounded. The electrode 1 which is a coaxial electrode is connected to the pulse power source 6 by a coaxial cable 5.

The electrode 1 is, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3,
Center electrode 1 as a central conductor extending along the central axis
2, an insulator 13 as a dielectric disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the center electrode 12, and an outer peripheral surface of the insulator 13,
An outer peripheral electrode 14 as an outer peripheral conductor is arranged so as to surround the periphery of the insulator 13. In the electrode 1, the center electrode 12 is a positive electrode, and niobium, tantalum, titanium,
It is made of a material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof. Preferably, center electrode 12 comprises niobium or a niobium alloy.

At the tip of the electrode 1, an oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof is formed on the surface of the center electrode 12. Has been formed. Preferably, an oxide film containing niobium is used as the center electrode 1.
Formed on the surface of 2. Further, as the material of the outer peripheral electrode 14, the above-mentioned materials such as niobium may be used, but other conductors, for example, metals such as iron and copper may be used. At the tip of the electrode 1, niobium on the surface of the outer peripheral electrode 14,
At least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof.
It is preferable that an oxide film containing one is formed.

If the above-mentioned material such as niobium is used as the material for the positive electrode or the negative electrode, the crushing force at the time of discharge at the electrode 1 can be increased and the discharge can be increased as compared with the conventional electrode for a crushing device made of copper or steel. The wear of the electrode 1 at that time can be reduced.

All of the above-mentioned materials such as niobium have higher strength, melting point and boiling point than noble metals such as silver. Therefore, the degree of wear of the material forming the electrode 1 due to the discharge of the electrode 1 can be made smaller than that of the electrode made of a noble metal. Therefore, since the number of times of exchanging the electrode 1 is reduced, the running cost in the crushing process can be reduced and the work efficiency of the crushing work can be improved. Further, unlike the noble metal, there is no possibility of being deformed by coming into contact with an object to be crushed, so that the electrode 1 can be easily handled.

Further, the electrode 1 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a so-called coaxial electrode and can be easily attached to a conventional crushing device. Therefore, the crushing device according to the present invention can be easily realized by mounting the electrode 1 according to the present invention on the conventional crushing device.

Next, a crushing method using the crushing device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 will be briefly described. Crushing object 2 such as rock
When crushing (see FIG. 1), the electrode 1 is inserted into the prepared hole 10 (see FIG. 1) formed in the crushing target 2.
Inside the lower hole 10, water 11 as an electrolytic solution is arranged as shown in FIG.

On the other hand, in the pulse power source 6, the electric charge is stored in advance in the capacitor 8 by connecting the power source 9 to the capacitor 8. Then, by closing the switch 7 of the pulse power source 6, the electric charge accumulated in the capacitor 8 is introduced into the electrode 1. Then, at the tip of the electrode 1, discharge is generated between the end of the center electrode 12 (see FIG. 2) and the end of the outer peripheral electrode 14 (see FIG. 2), so that an arc is formed. As a result, the water 11 near the tip of the electrode 1 is turned into plasma by the discharge energy, and a pressure wave is generated. This pressure wave
The crushing target 2 around the electrode 1 can be destroyed.

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view for explaining a first modified example of the electrode used in the first embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention shown in FIGS. FIG. 3 corresponds to FIG. With reference to FIG. 4, the 1st modification of Embodiment 1 of the crushing apparatus by this invention is demonstrated.

As shown in FIG. 4, the electrode 1 used in the crushing device basically has the same structure as the electrode 1 (see FIG. 1) used in the crushing device shown in FIGS. Also,
Other structures of the crushing device (structures other than the electrodes) are basically the same as those of the crushing device shown in FIGS. However,
In the electrode 1 shown in FIG. 3, the positive electrode as the central conductor located in the central portion is provided with the central conductor 15 as the base material and the central electrode tip portion 16 as the electrode member attached to the distal end portion of the central conductor 15. Composed by. The insulator 13 is arranged on the outer peripheral surfaces of part of the center conductor 15 and the center electrode tip 16 so as to surround the center conductor 15 and the center electrode tip 16. The outer peripheral electrode 14 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the insulator 13.

The center electrode tip 16 comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof. Further, an oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof is formed on the surface of the center electrode tip portion 16. Further, the center electrode tip portion 16 is arranged so as to protrude from the end portions of the insulator 13 and the outer peripheral electrode 14 at one end portion (tip portion) that causes discharge in the electrode 1. The center electrode tip 16 that constitutes the positive electrode is detachably connected to the tip of the center conductor 15.

As the material of the central conductor 15, at least one selected from the group consisting of the above-mentioned niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof may be used. Other conductors may be used. For example, copper or steel may be used as the material of the center conductor 15.

As the structure of the connecting portion between the center electrode tip portion 16 and the center conductor 15, any connecting structure may be used. For example, the center electrode tip portion 16 may be provided with a screw portion, and the center conductor 15 may be provided with a screw hole. Then, a structure in which the screw portion of the center electrode tip portion 16 is inserted and fixed in the screw hole of the center conductor 15 may be used.

Even if the electrode 1 having such a structure is used, as shown in FIG.
~ The same effect as the crushing device shown in Fig. 3 can be obtained. That is, on the one end side where the discharge of the electrode 1 is generated,
By disposing the center electrode tip portion 16 made of the above-described material containing niobium or the like, the crushing force at the electrode 1 can be increased when the electrode 1 is discharged. In addition, it is possible to prevent the tip portion of the electrode 1 from being worn away due to the discharge. Further, for the portion of the center electrode that does not directly face the region where the discharge is generated, since the center conductor 15 as a base material made of a material different from the above-mentioned niobium or the like, for example, copper is used, the above-mentioned expensive niobium or the like is expensive. The amount of materials used can be reduced. As a result, the manufacturing costs of the crushing device and the electrode 1 can be reduced.

Further, the center electrode tip portion 16 is the center conductor 15
Since it is detachably attached to the center electrode tip 1
When 6 is worn or damaged by discharge or other impact, the damaged center electrode tip 16 is replaced by the center conductor 15
From the center conductor 15
Can be installed at the tip of. That is, only the center electrode tip 16 can be replaced. Therefore, the repair work of the crushing device can be performed more easily and more quickly than when replacing the entire electrode 1.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view for explaining a second modification of the electrode used in the first embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention shown in FIGS. FIG. 5 corresponds to FIG. A second modification of the first embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 5, the electrode 1 used in the crushing device basically has the same structure as the electrode 1 (see FIG. 1) used in the crushing device shown in FIGS. is there. The electrode 1 shown in FIG. 5 includes a center electrode 12, an insulator 13 disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the center electrode 12, an outer peripheral conductor 17 disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the insulator 13, and an outer peripheral electrode tip. 18 and. The structure of the other part of the crushing device including the electrode 1 shown in FIG. 5 is basically the same as that of the crushing device shown in FIGS.

The center electrode 12 is made of a conductor. As the material of the center electrode 12, the same material as the center electrode 12 (see FIG. 3) in the electrodes shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can be used. As the material of the center electrode 12, a metal such as copper or iron may be used. Further, the outer peripheral electrode tip portion 18 as an electrode member has a cylindrical outer shape surrounding the insulator 13, and the material thereof is the same as the material forming the outer peripheral electrode 14 shown in FIG. , That is niobium,
At least one selected from the group consisting of tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof.
You may use one. Further, an oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof may be formed on the surface of the peripheral electrode tip portion 18.
Further, as the material of the outer peripheral conductor 17 as the base material, a metal such as iron or copper can be used.

The outer peripheral electrode tip portion 18 is detachably attached to the outer peripheral conductor 17. The outer peripheral electrode tip portion 18 and the outer peripheral conductor 17 act as a positive electrode, and the center electrode 12 acts as a negative electrode.

As described above, by using at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin, and alloys thereof for the tip 18 of the outer peripheral electrode which constitutes the positive electrode, FIG. ~ The same effect as the electrode shown in Fig. 3 can be obtained.

In the crushing device electrodes shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the central electrode 12 (FIGS. 1 to 3) forming the positive electrode is used.
As a material for the center electrode tip portion 16 (see FIG. 4) or the peripheral electrode tip portion 18 (see FIG. 5), niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof (preferably as described above) are preferable. Is at least one selected from the group consisting of alloys containing these metals as main components), but niobium is preferably used as the material forming the center electrode 12, the center electrode tip 16 or the peripheral electrode tip 18. Alternatively, a niobium alloy is used. In addition,
Here, the niobium alloy includes a material containing niobium as a main component and not only a metal but also a non-metal element as an alloy component other than niobium. In addition, the above-mentioned tantalum, titanium,
An alloy containing gallium, zirconium, tin or the like as a main component means any of the above-mentioned tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium and tin as a main component, and not only metal but also non-metal element as an alloy component other than metal. Including what includes.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged perspective schematic view of a tip portion of an electrode constituting Embodiment 2 of a crushing apparatus according to the present invention. 7 is a line segment VII-VI of FIG.
It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram in I. Embodiment 2 of an electrode and a crushing device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

Embodiment 2 of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention
Includes the electrode 1 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and basically has the same structure as the crushing device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, but the structure of the tip of the electrode 1 is different. That is, the electrode 1 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 includes a central electrode 12 as a central conductor extending along the central axis and an insulator as a dielectric arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the central electrode 12. 13 and an outer peripheral electrode 14 as an outer peripheral conductor arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the insulator 13. Peripheral electrode 14
Is an outer peripheral electrode portion 1 as four outer peripheral conductor portions arranged with a gap therebetween in the direction in which the central axis extends.
9a to 19d.

Specifically, the outer peripheral electrode portion 19a is arranged on the tip side of the electrode 1. This peripheral electrode portion 19a
And outer peripheral electrode portions 19b are arranged with a gap therebetween in the direction in which the central axis extends. Further, an outer peripheral electrode portion 19c is arranged with a gap from the outer peripheral electrode portion 19b in the direction in which the central axis extends. In addition, the outer peripheral electrode portion 19
Peripheral electrode portions 19d are arranged with a gap therebetween in the direction in which c and the central axis extend. As the material forming the center electrode 12 and the peripheral electrode portions 19a to 19d, at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof can be used. Further, an oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof is formed on the surfaces of the center electrode 12 and the outer peripheral electrode portions 19a to 19d. There is.

The tip portion of the center electrode 12 and the outer peripheral electrode portion 19
A gap 27a is formed between a and a. Also,
Gaps 27b to 27d are also formed between the outer peripheral electrode portions 19a to 19d, respectively.

According to the crushing device equipped with such an electrode 1, the same effect as that of the crushing device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 can be obtained. Further, when electric charge is supplied to the electrode 1 from the pulse power source 6 (see FIG. 1), discharge is generated in each of the gaps 27a to 27d, and an arc is formed. That is, an arc can be formed in the four gaps 27a to 27d. In this way, by setting the number of locations where the arc is formed to be plural, it is possible to increase the discharge resistance as compared with the conventional case when the current value supplied to the electrode 1 is constant. As a result, the energy consumed by the discharge of the electrodes (energy used for crushing) can be made larger than before. Therefore, the crushing force of the electrode 1 can be increased.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a modification of the electrodes constituting the second embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. With reference to FIG. 8, a modification of the electrodes constituting the second embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention will be described. Note that FIG. 8 corresponds to FIG. 7.

As shown in FIG. 8, the electrode 1 basically has the structure shown in FIG.
7 has the same structure as the electrode 1 (see FIG. 6) shown in FIG. 7, except that the center electrode tip portion 16 and the protective electrode 20 are arranged on the electrode 1. That is, in the electrode 1 shown in FIG. 8, the center electrode is composed of the center conductor 15 and the center electrode tip portion 16. In the center electrode of the electrode 1, the center electrode tip 16 is provided on the tip of the center conductor 15 as a base material.
Are arranged. The center electrode tip 16 is the center conductor 15
And is detachably connected. Any structure may be used as the structure of the connecting portion between the center electrode tip portion 16 and the center conductor 15. For example, a screw structure may be adopted similarly to the connection portion between the center electrode tip portion 16 and the center conductor 15 shown in FIG.

As the material of the central conductor tip portion 16, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof. An oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof may be formed on the surface of the central conductor tip portion 16. Further, as the material of the central conductor 15, a metal other than the above-mentioned metal such as niobium, for example, copper or steel can be used.

Further, the outer peripheral electrode 14 of the electrode 1 shown in FIG.
, The outer peripheral electrode portion 19a serving as the base conductor
Protective electrodes 20 as discharge surface electrode members are arranged at the end portions of the electrodes 19d to 19d, respectively. The protective electrode 20 has a gap 2
7a to 27d (see FIG. 6). The material of the protective electrode 20 is the center electrode tip 16
Similarly, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof. On the surface of the protective electrode 20 facing the gaps 27a to 27d,
Niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium,
An oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of tin and alloys thereof is formed. Further, copper, iron or the like may be used as the material forming the central conductor 15 and the outer peripheral electrode portions 19a to 19d.

Even in this case, the same effect as the crushing apparatus using the electrodes shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 can be obtained. Further, the center electrode tip portion 16 and the protective electrode 20 are arranged at the portions facing the gaps 27a to 27d (see FIG. 6) where the discharge is generated, and the center electrode tip portion 16 and the protective electrode 20 are made of a material such as niobium. Since it is configured, the crushing force of the electrode 1 can be increased. In this way, the gaps 27a to 27d (Fig.
While only the center electrode tip portion 16 and the protective electrode 20 located in the portion facing the center conductor 15 are formed using an expensive material such as niobium, the center conductor 15 and the outer peripheral electrode portion 19 are formed.
By constructing a to 19d with a relatively inexpensive conductor such as copper or steel, the manufacturing cost of the electrode 1 can be reduced.

The protective electrode 20 includes the outer peripheral electrode portions 19a to 19a.
It may be formed by brazing the above-mentioned metal such as niobium on the end face of 9d, or plating or vapor-depositing the metal such as niobium. Alternatively, the protective electrode 20 may be detachably attached to the end portions of the outer peripheral electrode portions 19a to 19d by a screw structure or the like. In this case, since only the protective electrode 20 can be replaced, the time and cost required for maintenance of the electrode 1 can be reduced.

(Embodiment 3) FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing Embodiment 3 of the electrode and the crushing device according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a tip portion of the electrode shown in FIG. FIG. 11 is a schematic sectional view showing a tip portion of the electrode shown in FIG. Embodiment 3 of an electrode and a crushing device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11.

As shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, the crushing device according to the third embodiment of the present invention basically has the same structure as the crushing device shown in FIGS. The structure is different. That is, the electrode 1 connected to the pulse power source (see FIG. 9) includes the one cable 3, the other cable 4, the cable portions 25a to 25c, and the fixing members 22a to 22.
g. The one cable 3, the other cable 4, and the cable portions 25a to 25c include the conductor 24 (see FIG.
1)) is covered with an insulator 13 (see FIG. 11) as a dielectric. As the material of the conductor 24, a material containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof can be used. On the exposed surface of the conductor 24 where the insulator 13 is not formed, niobium, tantalum,
It is preferable that an oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof is formed.

As shown in FIG. 10, the electrode 1 includes one cable 3 extending in a certain direction, the other cable 4 extending in the same direction as the direction in which the one cable 3 as the one-side linear conductor extends. Cable portions 25a to 25c,
Fixing members 22a to 2 for fixing the one cable 3, the other cable 4 and the cable portions 25a to 25c.
2 g. The cable portions 25a to 25c and the other cable 4 constitute the other linear conductor.

As the material for forming the fixing members 22a to 22g, one cable 3 and the other cable 4 and the cable 4 are used before and after the step of crushing the crushing target 2 (see FIG. 9) by generating an electric discharge in the electrode 1. A material having sufficient strength is selected so that the portions 25a to 25c can be retained. Fixing member 22
As the material of a to 22 g, for example, a reinforcing fiber tape using fibers such as glass, an insulating tape including an insulator using a fluororesin, a metal fiber or a metal tape can be used. In addition, it is preferable to use a metal fiber or a metal tape coated with an insulator.

As can be seen from FIGS. 9 to 11, the cable portion 25a is arranged so as to extend in the same direction as the extending direction of the one cable 3 at the end of the one cable 3 as the one-line conductor. . On the other hand, a gap 27a is formed between the end of the cable 3 and the end of the cable portion 25a. The cable portions 25a to 25c as the other linear conductor portions and the other cable 4 extend in the same direction as the extending direction of the one cable 3 and are arranged to face each other via gaps 27b to 27d. .

Next, a crushing method using the crushing device shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 will be briefly described. Similar to the crushing device shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the charge accumulated in the capacitor 8 (see FIG. 9) of the pulse power source 6 (see FIG. 9) is generated when the switch 7 of the pulse power source 6 is closed. It is introduced into the electrode 1. Then, one end of the cable 3 and the cable portion 2
A first discharge is generated in the gap 27a located between the first discharge and the first discharge. As a result, the arc 28a is formed as shown in FIG. Further, the second discharge is generated in the gap 27b located between the cable portion 25a and the cable portion 25b, and the arc 28b is formed. Similarly, discharge is generated in the gap 27c located between the cable portions 25b and 25c, and an arc 28c is formed. Further, the gap 27 located between the cable portion 25c and the other cable 4
Discharge also occurs at d, and an arc 28d is formed. As described above, in the region where the arcs 28a to 28d are formed, as in the case of the crushing method using the crushing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, water 11 (FIG.
(See 0) is turned into plasma by the discharge energy to generate a pressure wave. This pressure wave causes the electrode 1
The crushing target 2 (see FIG. 9) around (see FIG. 9) can be destroyed.

By using such a crushing device, since the above-mentioned niobium or the like is used as the conductor 24 (see FIG. 11) which constitutes the positive electrode or the negative electrode of the electrode, the crushing ability can be improved.

The electrodes 1 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 can be easily obtained by arranging single-core insulated wires in parallel. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the electrode 1 can be reduced.

Further, in the electrode 1 shown in FIGS. 9 to 11,
Discharge occurs in a plurality of regions, which are the gaps 27a to 27d (see FIG. 10). By setting the number of locations where discharge occurs in this way, it is possible to increase the discharge resistance compared to the conventional case when the current value supplied to the electrode 1 is constant. Energy consumed by discharge (energy used for crushing) is proportional to discharge resistance, so
The energy used for crushing can be increased more reliably than before. Therefore, the capacity (crushing capacity) of the crushing device can be increased.

The cable portions 25a to 25c can be easily produced by cutting and dividing the other cable 4 at a plurality of locations. Therefore, it is possible to obtain an electrode capable of generating a plurality of discharges by a simple process as compared with the case where the outer peripheral electrode of the coaxial electrode is divided as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, for example. Therefore, the manufacturing cost of the electrode 1 can be reduced.

FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view showing a modified example of the electrodes constituting the third embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 9 to 11. FIG. 12 corresponds to FIG. 11. Embodiment 3 of the crushing apparatus according to the present invention with reference to FIG.
A modified example of the electrode constituting the above will be described.

As shown in FIG. 12, the electrode 1 constituting the crushing device basically has the same structure as the electrode of the crushing device shown in FIGS. 9 to 11, but the tip of the cable 3 and the cable 3 The difference is that the protective electrodes 20 are arranged so as to cover both ends of the portions 25a to 25c and the end of the other cable 4. That is, the protective electrode 20 has the gap 27a as a gap in the cable portions 25a to 25c.
Located on the surface facing ~ 27d. As the material of the protective electrode 20 as the discharge surface electrode member, it is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof. Gap 27 of protective electrode 20
It is preferable that an oxide film containing at least one selected from the group consisting of niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin and alloys thereof is formed on the surface facing a to 27d. Further, in this case, as the conductor 24 as the base conductor, a conductor other than the above-mentioned metal such as niobium, for example, a relatively inexpensive material such as copper or steel can be used.

By doing so, the same effect as that of the crushing apparatus shown in FIGS. 9 to 11 can be obtained. Further, by disposing the protective electrode 20 containing niobium or the like in the region facing the gaps 27a to 27d where the discharge is generated, the crushing ability of the electrode 1 can be surely increased and the electrode 1 is damaged by the discharge. Can be suppressed. On the other hand, since a conductor such as copper or steel can be applied as the conductor 24 instead of an expensive material such as niobium, the manufacturing cost of the electrode 1 can be reduced.

The protective electrode 20 has the gap 2 of the conductor 24.
The metal such as niobium described above may be brazed on the end faces facing 7a to 27d, or the metal such as niobium may be plated or vapor-deposited. Alternatively, the protective electrode 20 may be detachably attached to the end of the conductor 24 by a screw structure or the like. In this case, since only the protective electrode 20 can be replaced, the time and cost required for maintenance of the electrode 1 can be reduced.

In the first to third embodiments described above, the insulator 13 may be a dielectric such as plastic, rubber, vinyl, or insulating resin.

The embodiments disclosed this time are to be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above-described embodiments but by the scope of the claims, and is intended to include meanings equivalent to the scope of the claims and all modifications within the scope.

[0086]

As described above, according to the present invention, by using a material such as niobium as a material for forming the electrode, the crushing capacity of the crushing device can be increased and the durability of the electrode can be improved. be able to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining Embodiment 1 of an electrode and a crushing device using the electrode according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged perspective schematic view showing a tip portion of the electrode shown in FIG.

3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a first modified example of the electrode used in the first embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.

5 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a second modified example of the electrode used in the first embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. FIG.

FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged perspective schematic view of a tip portion of an electrode that constitutes Embodiment 2 of the crushing device according to the present invention.

7 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line VII-VII in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a modification of the electrodes constituting the second embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing Embodiment 3 of the electrode and the crushing device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a tip portion of the electrode shown in FIG.

11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a tip portion of the electrode shown in FIG.

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the electrode constituting the third embodiment of the crushing device according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 9 to 11.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 electrode, 2 crushing object, 3 one side cable, 4 other side cable, 5 coaxial cable, 6 pulse power source,
7 switches, 8 capacitors, 9 power supplies, 10 pilot holes,
11 water, 12 center electrode, 13 insulator, 14 outer peripheral electrode, 15 center conductor, 16 center electrode tip, 16
Center electrode tip, 17 outer conductor, 18 outer electrode tip, 19a to 19d outer electrode portion, 20 protective electrode,
22a-22g fixing member, 24 conductor, 25a-2
5c cable portion, 27a to 27d gap, 28
a-28d arc.

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Toru Okazaki             1-3-3 Shimaya, Konohana-ku, Osaka Sumitomo Electric             Ki Industry Co., Ltd. Osaka Works F-term (reference) 2D065 EA26                 4D067 CG06 GA02

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. An electrode for a crushing device that generates a discharge and includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is niobium, tantalum, titanium, gallium, zirconium, tin, and these. An electrode for a crushing device, comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of alloys of. 2. At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes an electrode member located at one end portion of the crusher electrode for generating a discharge, and a base material connected to the electrode member. The crushing device electrode according to claim 1. 3. The crushing device electrode according to claim 2, wherein the electrode member is detachably attached to the base material. 4. One of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is a central conductor that extends along a central axis and has an outer peripheral surface, and the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is a dielectric. The crushing device electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is an outer peripheral conductor arranged so as to surround the central conductor. 5. The crushing device electrode according to claim 4, wherein the outer peripheral conductor includes a plurality of outer peripheral conductor portions that are arranged with a gap therebetween in the direction in which the central axis extends. 6. The crushing device according to claim 5, wherein the outer peripheral conductor portion includes a base conductor and a discharge surface electrode member arranged on a surface of the base conductor facing the gap. electrode. 7. One of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is a one-sided linear conductor extending in a certain direction, and the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is a direction in which the one-sided linear conductor extends. The electrode for a crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is the other linear conductor that extends in the same direction as and is opposed to the one linear conductor via a dielectric. 8. The crushing device according to claim 7, wherein the other linear conductor includes a plurality of other linear conductor portions arranged at intervals in the extending direction of the one linear conductor. Electrodes. 9. The crushing according to claim 8, wherein the other linear conductor portion includes a base conductor and a discharge surface electrode member arranged on a surface of the base conductor facing the gap. Device electrode. 10. A crushing device comprising the crushing device electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 9.