JP2003307515A - Display method of nitrogen in soil and display method of fertilization quantity - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To contribute to optimization of fertilization by presenting information on nitrogen from the viewpoint of actual fertilization, and to contribute to optimization of the fertilization by presenting information on overs and shorts of a fertilization quantity from the viewpoint of the actual fertilization. <P>SOLUTION: The concentration distribution is arithmetically operated by determining the nitrogen concentration (the nitric acid nitrogen concentration, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration) in soil, and a nitrogen quantity (a nitric acid nitrogen quantity, and an ammonia nitrogen quantity) is arithmetically operated by integrating this concentration distribution by a soil area, and this nitrogen quantity is displayed. An overs-shorts quantity of the nitrogen quantity is determined from the nitrogen quantity and a desired value, and this overs-shorts quantity is displayed. This overs-shorts quantity of the nitrogen quantity is displayed by an overs-shorts quantity of the fertilization quantity. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for displaying nitrogen such as nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in soil such as tea fields and other fields, and a method for displaying the amount of fertilizer applied.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is a system in which an EC sensor or the like is embedded in soil to measure and display the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the soil from the electric conductivity, and the nitrate nitrogen concentration in the soil is
Depending on the weather conditions such as soil temperature and rainfall, the fertilizer applied changes over time as it decomposes into nitrate nitrogen and penetrates into the soil. The process varies depending on the fertilizer raw material, but it can also be simulated. It is being carried out (Establishment of technology for practical application of fertilizer management in tea gardens by information from soil-embedded sensors, 1993, by the Chief of Shizuoka Tea Industry Research Institute). Examples of these products include "Tea garden keeper" (manufactured by Kawasaki Kiko Co., Ltd.). Normally, the measurement of nitrate nitrogen concentration takes into consideration economic efficiency,
The measurement is generally performed at 4 points with a depth of 20 cm per 10 ares in the field.

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Concerning the conventional nitrate nitrogen concentration, etc., (1) Nitrate nitrogen concentration in soil measured (2) Nitrate nitrogen assuming the meteorological conditions such as soil temperature from the fertilization schedule Concentration simulation results (3) The target nitrate nitrogen concentration for each field in consideration of region, soil characteristics, season, etc. was displayed in a graph. With these displays, it is possible to understand the difference between the measured values in (1) or the simulation results in (2) for the nitrate nitrogen concentration with respect to the target in (3). However, the difference that can be understood is the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, and it is difficult to understand how the field manager who actually applies fertilizer should approach the target value from the difference.

Therefore, a first object of the present invention is to provide a method for displaying nitrogen in soil by presenting information on nitrogen from the viewpoint of actual fertilization and contributing to optimization of fertilization.

A second object of the present invention is to provide a method of displaying the amount of fertilizer which can contribute to the optimization of fertilization by presenting information on the excess or deficiency of the amount of fertilizer applied from the viewpoint of actual fertilization. To do.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problem Means for solving the first problem is as follows.

According to the method for displaying nitrogen in soil of the present invention according to claim 1, the nitrogen concentration (nitrate nitrogen concentration, ammonia nitrogen concentration) in soil is calculated, the concentration distribution is calculated, and this concentration distribution is calculated. Nitrogen content (nitrate nitrogen content,
The amount of ammonia nitrogen) is calculated and the amount of nitrogen is displayed. In this case, the soil area is the target soil,
Determined by crop. Therefore, with such a display, the amount of nitrogen can be easily known as information in the soil in which fertilization is applied.

The method for displaying nitrogen in soil according to the second aspect of the present invention obtains the nitrogen concentration in soil, calculates the concentration distribution, and integrates this concentration distribution in the soil region to calculate the nitrogen content. It is characterized in that an excess / deficiency of the nitrogen amount is obtained from the nitrogen amount and the target value, and the excess / deficiency amount is displayed. With such a display, it is possible to easily know the excess and deficiency of the nitrogen amount as information in the soil in which fertilization is applied.

The means for solving the second problem are as follows.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the method for displaying the amount of fertilizer applied determines the nitrogen concentration in soil and calculates the concentration distribution,
This concentration distribution is integrated in the soil area to calculate the amount of nitrogen, the excess or deficiency of the nitrogen amount is calculated from this nitrogen amount and the target value, and the excess or deficiency of this nitrogen amount is displayed as the excess or deficiency of the fertilizer application amount. It is characterized by With such a display, it is possible to know the excess / deficiency of the nitrogen amount as the excess / deficiency of the fertilization amount as the information in the soil in which the fertilization is applied.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows a display system of nitrogen and fertilizer application amount as an embodiment of the method for displaying nitrogen in soil or the method for displaying fertilizer application amount of the present invention.

This display system is provided with an arithmetic processing unit 2 as means for displaying the method for displaying nitrogen in soil or calculating the amount of fertilizer applied, and this arithmetic processing unit 2 may be composed of a personal computer or the like. It is equipped with a CPU, ROM, RAM, etc. for arithmetic processing. In this embodiment, a keyboard 4 is provided as information input means, a display device 6 is provided as information presentation means, a printer (not shown), and a database 8 for storing various data such as nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen for electric conductivity are provided. There is.

On the soil 10 to be measured, a single or a plurality of EC sensors 12, a pF sensor 14, a ground temperature sensor, etc.
The other sensor 16 is installed, and each detection signal is collected by the data collection unit 18 and taken into the arithmetic processing unit 2.
The EC sensor 12 as a means for detecting the electric conductivity in the soil is installed, for example, every 10 are as a unit area. The arithmetic processing unit 2 and the data collection unit 18 are linked by wire or wirelessly, and necessary data collection is performed at any time.

Using such a system, the nitrate nitrogen concentration is, for example, the amount of nitrogen (mg) in 100 g of soil.
Instead, the amount of nitrate nitrogen is displayed as, for example, the amount of nitrogen (kg) per 10 ares in the field, and in the fertilization simulation, it is easy to optimize the fertilization schedule (scheduled fertilization date and fertilization amount) and run off the field. The amount of nitrate nitrogen is also simulated, and it is displayed as a fertilizer that is sufficient and optimal for crops, that is, simple fertilizer of ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate, and information that can prevent environmental damage due to excess fertilizer is provided.

(1) Display of Nitrate Nitrogen Amount at a Certain Time In this case, as a first embodiment of the method for displaying nitrogen in soil, for example, as shown in the flow chart of FIG. Soil detected at 12 10
The electric conductivity inside is taken into the arithmetic processing unit 2, and in step S02, the nitrate nitrogen concentration is calculated. As a result, in step S03, the nitrate nitrogen concentration distribution of the soil 10 is calculated from the nitrate nitrogen concentration, and step S04
Then, the nitrate nitrogen amount can be calculated by using this concentration distribution and integrating it in the target soil region. In this case, the soil area is determined by the target soil and the crop. Here, when the concentration distribution is M and the volume of the target region is V, the nitrate nitrogen amount Nm is

[0016]                     Nm = ∫M dv (kg) (1) Becomes

Then, in step S05, the nitrate nitrogen amount Nm is displayed on the display device 6. In this case, namely
As a display of the amount of nitrate nitrogen relative to the electric conductivity at a certain point, the amount of nitrogen on a month b is Nm (kg) per 10 ares.
The display method is as follows. By doing so, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the soil 10 is reduced to, for example, 100% of the soil 10.
Since the amount of nitrogen (g) is not the amount of nitrogen in g (mg) but the amount of nitrogen per 10 ares of the field, the field manager or the like can easily know the excess or deficiency of the nitrate nitrogen amount from the value.

(2) Display of excess or deficiency of nitrate nitrogen amount at a certain time In this case, as a second embodiment of the method of displaying nitrogen in soil, for example, as shown in FIG.
Calculate the amount of nitrate nitrogen. In this step S11,
The amount of nitrate nitrogen is calculated by the processing of steps S01 to S04 of the flowchart shown in FIG.

In step S12, the nitrate nitrogen amount Nm based on the actual measurement obtained in step S11 is compared with the target value No of the nitrate nitrogen amount, and the difference of the nitrate nitrogen amount with respect to the target value ± ΔN (= No-Nm) is calculated, and this difference ± ΔN is the excess / deficiency amount (= ± ΔN) of the amount of nitrate nitrogen. In this case, it is performed for each target nitrogen concentration, the measured concentration, and the simulated nitrate nitrogen concentration, and the difference between the target nitrogen concentration and the nitrate nitrogen amount obtained from the target value is the target value No. The excess / deficiency with the amount of nitrate nitrogen is ± ΔN.

Then, in step S13, the display device 6 displays the excess / deficiency amount ± ΔN of the nitrate nitrogen amount at a certain point. From this display, it is possible to display that the amount of nitrogen on a month b is less than Nm (kg) per 10 ares compared to the target value No. The shortage can be easily known, and fertilization can be optimized.

(3) Display of excess or deficiency of fertilizer application amount In this case, the excess or deficiency amount of nitrate nitrogen at a certain point is displayed by the excess or deficiency amount of the fertilizer application amount immediately before the application. For example,
As an embodiment of the method for displaying the fertilizer application amount of the present invention, for example,
As shown in FIG. 4, in step S21, the amount of nitrate nitrogen is calculated. For example, the amount of nitrate nitrogen can be easily calculated in steps S01 to 04 in the flowchart of FIG. Then, in step S22, step S21
The amount Nm of nitrate nitrogen based on the actual measurement obtained in step 3 is compared with the target value No of the amount of nitrate nitrogen, and the difference ± ΔN (= No-Nm) of the amount of nitrate nitrogen with respect to this target value is calculated, and The difference ± ΔN is the excess / deficiency amount (= ± ΔN) of the nitrate nitrogen amount. In this case, it is performed for each target nitrogen concentration, the measured concentration, and the simulated nitrate nitrogen concentration, and the difference between the target nitrogen concentration and the nitrate nitrogen amount obtained from the target value is the target value No. The excess / deficiency with the amount of nitrate nitrogen is ± ΔN.

In step S23, the excess / deficiency amount ± ΔN of the nitrate nitrogen amount is converted into the excess / deficiency amount ± ΔP of the fertilizer application amount.
This is the amount of nitrate nitrogen calculated from the types of fertilizer such as ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate stored in the database, the amount of fertilizer applied and the amount of runoff, and the excess / deficiency of the amount of fertilizer applied relative to the amount of nitrate nitrogen ± ΔN ± ΔP can be calculated.

Then, in step S24, the excess / deficiency of the fertilizer application amount at a certain point ± ΔP is displayed on the display device 6. In this case, it can be displayed that the amount of nitrogen on a month b is insufficient, that is, the amount of fertilizer applied immediately before is P (kg) per 10 ares, which is insufficient.

By the way, the factor of the excess or deficiency of the amount of nitrate nitrogen at a certain point is not only immediately before the fertilization but also various factors. However, such a representation method is adopted as a display form that is easy for the field manager to understand. However, "immediately before" the fertilizer is assumed to be the closest past fertilization date that is more than a period of decomposition, judging from the decomposition rate of the fertilizer, and in extreme cases, it is not necessary to target the fertilization one day before. . Regarding the actual amount of fertilizer applied and the amount of fertilizer to be applied in the future, how much the measured value or the simulated value differs from the target concentration is simulated based on the amount of applied fertilizer to obtain the difference amount. For example, when the simulation value is larger than the target value, the fertilization amount immediately before the target value can be adjusted by a certain amount, simulated, and compared with the target value to adjust the reduction amount to obtain the target value. . For example, FIGS. 5 and 6 show examples of the display, and FIG. 5 shows the difference between the target nitrogen amount and the fertilization simulation, that is, excess nitrogen and insufficient nitrogen, and FIG. 6 shows the target nitrogen amount. And the modified fertilization simulation is shown.

The amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil 10 depends on the growth condition of the crop, for example, the required amount varies depending on the growth stage throughout the year. Therefore, the amount of nitrate nitrogen should be expressed in a time series graph accordingly. Is easy to understand. In the case of representation in the graph, if the colors are identified by the colors of the many, the appropriate advice can be displayed to the administrator, for example, a message indicating that this period is excessive is displayed.

The nitrate nitrogen that has run off to the outside can be obtained by subtracting the amount of soil nitrogen, or the amount of nitrogen that has been absorbed, which is determined by the type of crop and the growth process depending on the soil, weather conditions, etc. You can For example, with tea, it is generally said that 50% of the fertilizer application amount is absorbed by the tea plant.

Therefore, with respect to the amount of nitrogen in the soil or the amount of nitrogen concentration difference with respect to the target value, the fertilizer application is performed by performing a simulation of the type of fertilizer, the fertilization date, and the fertilizer application amount under any combination of the following conditions and targets. The plan is optimized.

The optimization conditions include: a Fertilizer nitrogen amount (for example, annual maximum value) b Number of fertilizer applications (for example, maximum value in a year) c Nitrogen flow out (for example, maximum value at a certain point) Etc.

Therefore, the goal of optimizing fertilization is
Matches the target value, secondly, eliminates the part that exceeds the target,
Thirdly, there is a target value below the target.

For example, as a concrete algorithm for optimization, the expression of the result of the optimization can be clearly distinguished from the state before the optimization, the color of the changed portion is changed, and the movement of the fertilization date is expressed by an arrow or the like. I decided to.

In reality, there is an empirical fertilization plan according to each crop and a fertilization plan presented by a guidance institution. It is not necessary to increase the number of fertilizations or change the type of fertilizer according to the work schedule and the fertilizer purchase plan. Not realistic. Therefore, the fertilizer application amount and fertilization date are adopted as parameters.

The specific algorithm for optimization is as follows.

(1) First, a simulation is performed according to a designated fertilization plan. (2) Calculate the difference between the target value and the actual value (or expected value). If this difference becomes 0, the optimization is completed. (3) Pick up the excessive period and the insufficient period from the difference. (4) If there is an extreme excess or excess, reduce or increase the fertilizer application amount immediately before the fertilization. (5) If the total amount is excessive, reduce the fertilizer application rate according to the ratio of excessive amount. (6) When the total amount is too low, the fertilizer application rate is increased according to the rate of the low amount. (7) Delay fertilization days if over / under patterns appear. (8) If the pattern of under- and over-expression appears, accelerate the fertilization day. (9) By repeating the above, the difference (calculated sum of squares) is minimized within the constraint condition (for example, the fertilizer application amount cannot be increased when the annual fertilizer application amount is exceeded).

By executing such an algorithm, the fertilization can be optimized.

In the embodiment, the nitrogen is exemplified as nitrate nitrogen and the nitrogen amount is exemplified as nitrate nitrogen. However, the nitrogen may be ammonia nitrogen, the nitrogen amount may be ammonia nitrogen amount, or both may be used. obtain. By measuring the nitrogen content in the soil and simulating these, the same processing as shown in the embodiment can be performed.

[0036]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The following effects are obtained. a Excess / deficiency of nitrogen is displayed not as the concentration, for example, the amount of nitrogen (mg) in 100 g of soil, but as the amount of nitrogen (kg) per 10 (R) of the field. Whether or not the fertilization that has been or is about to be applied is appropriate can be easily recognized. b Generally, the field manager can easily convert the amount of fertilizer to be fertilized from the amount of nitrogen per 10 (R) of field, and based on necessary constraints (upper limit of fertilizer application, upper limit of runoff nitrogen, etc.) It can optimize the plan and contribute to the efficiency of agricultural work.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a display system which is an embodiment of a method for displaying nitrogen in soil and a method for displaying a fertilizer application amount according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for displaying nitrogen in soil, which is the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a method for displaying nitrogen in soil, which is the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of a method for displaying a fertilizer application amount according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing a target nitrogen amount and a fertilization simulation.

FIG. 6 is a graph showing a target nitrogen amount and a modified fertilization simulation.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 Processor 6 Display device

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. The nitrogen concentration in soil is calculated, the concentration distribution is calculated, the concentration distribution is integrated in a soil region to calculate the nitrogen amount, and the nitrogen amount is displayed. How to display nitrogen. 2. The nitrogen concentration in the soil is calculated, the concentration distribution is calculated, the concentration distribution is integrated in the soil region to calculate the nitrogen amount, and the nitrogen amount and the target value are used to determine the excess or deficiency of the nitrogen amount. And a method for displaying nitrogen in soil, characterized by displaying the excess and deficiency. 3. The nitrogen concentration in soil is calculated, the concentration distribution is calculated, the concentration distribution is integrated in the soil region to calculate the nitrogen amount, and the nitrogen amount and the target value are used to determine the excess or deficiency of the nitrogen amount. And displaying the excess or deficiency of the nitrogen amount by the excess or deficiency of the fertilizer application amount.