JP2003302417A - Current meter - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a strong and inexpensive current meter which can measure a flow velocity or the flow rate of a fluid flowing in a pipetine not only various gases, liquids, and also dust-containing gases, suspensions, and emulsions, which are difficult to be measured, under an arbitrary temperature condition from low to high temperature and under an arbitrary pressure conditions from low to high pressure with a low pressure drop. <P>SOLUTION: A sensor 13 comprises a first capsule 1 in which a first temperature measuring sensor 3 is sealed and a second capsule 7 in which a second temperature measuring sensor 9 is sealed. The first capsule 1 is located upstream and the second capsule 7 is located downstream with certain interval so that the major axes 6 and 12 of the capsules are orthogonal with a flow line 14 of the fluid flowing in a tube 15. A measurement device 24 measures the difference between a first output value generated by the temperature measuring sensor 3 and the second output value generated by the temperature measuring sensor 9 when a heating wire coil 2 of the first capsule 1 is not energized while a heating wire coil 8 of the second capsule 7 is energized. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is applicable not only to gases and liquids flowing in pipes, but also to fluids containing foreign substances that have been difficult to measure in the past, under any temperature condition from high temperature to low temperature. The present invention relates to a robust and inexpensive anemometer having a small pressure loss and capable of measuring the flow velocity of the fluid and / or the fluid under an arbitrary pressure condition from high pressure to low pressure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A hot wire anemometer is known as a typical anemometer for measuring an air velocity exclusively for gas. This anemometer is a relational expression that holds between the amount of heat absorbed by the gas, the surface temperature of the heat wire, the fluid temperature, and the flow velocity of the fluid flowing orthogonal to the heat wire when the heat wire is energized and heated under conditions where the heat wire temperature is not too high. Based on. Then, the flow velocity is obtained by measuring, calculating and converting the current when energized so that the resistance becomes constant. Orifice velocity meters have been used for a long time and can be applied to both liquid and gas. The principle of this anemometer is a method in which a pressure sensor detects a differential pressure generated before and after an orifice (throttle) plate, and the flow velocity and the maximum flow rate are measured using a relationship proportional to the square root of the differential pressure. Further, the area-type velocity meter and the flowmeter measure the flow rate by reading the position determined by the balance between the weight of the float in the vertically placed taper pipe and the force of the fluid pushing up the float. The volumetric velocity meter and the flowmeter are based on the principle that a gear is rotated by the pressure difference of the fluid and the fluid filled in a constant volume formed between the gear and the case is delivered one after another. The impeller type velocity meter and flowmeter rotate an impeller placed in a fluid and measure the number of revolutions to convert it into a flow rate. In addition, the electromagnetic velocity meter and the electromagnetic flux meter are velocity meters that comply with Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Since it is an electromagnetic induction phenomenon, the fluid is limited to a fluid (= liquid) having conductivity. The ultrasonic velocity meter and the ultrasonic flow meter apply the phenomenon that the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave in the flow direction of the fluid and the propagation velocity of the opposite direction to the flow of the fluid are different, and the flow velocity can be measured from the outside of the pipe. There are advantages. No pressure loss obviously occurs in the electromagnetic velocity meter and the ultrasonic velocity meter due to its principle. Further, the Karman vortex velocimeter is a velocimeter which measures the Karman vortex train generated after a column placed in the flow of fluid and converts it into a flow velocity.

[0003]

However, the conventional velocity meter has the following problems. That is, generally, in a hot-wire anemometer, when a gas flows around a heated thin wire at a right angle to the thin wire, the amount of heat taken by the gas is proportional to the 1/2 power of the flow velocity of the gas. Since the accuracy is improved as the wire diameter of the thin wire is smaller and shorter, the heat wire which is the sensor of the actual heat wire anemometer is also extremely thin and short. However, since the heat ray itself is directly exposed to the fluid to be measured, there is a problem that it cannot be used when the gas contains dust or soot. Especially when the dust is a low melting point substance or a combustible substance, not only a measurement error occurs but also the heat ray is damaged. In addition, it cannot be used for electrically conductive fluids. Furthermore, since the heat wire is thin and short, it is difficult to ensure a right angle to the streamline, and there is a problem that an error is likely to occur. The orifice velocity meter can be applied to clean gases and fluids, has a simple structure and is inexpensive, but has a problem that it cannot be applied to dust-containing gas or suspension in addition to its low accuracy and narrow measurement range. is there.
Further, there is a problem that the pressure loss is large in addition to being affected by the physical properties of the fluid.

Similar to the orifice flow meter, an area type, volume type, impeller type flow meter and flow meter known as an inexpensive flow meter and flow meter can be applied to both gas and fluid. Since there is a moving part, there is a problem that it cannot be used for fluids containing foreign matter, that is, dust-containing gas or suspension, and even in the case of clean gas or liquid, the density or viscosity of the fluid There is also the problem of being affected. In addition, there is a problem that the pressure loss is relatively large. Further, there is a problem that the area formula must be installed and used in a vertical state. Since the electromagnetic flowmeter is a flowmeter that applies Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, there is a problem that the fluid that can be measured is naturally limited to a conductive fluid, and it is expensive. Further, although it can be applied to a suspension, it is essential that the liquid itself is electrically conductive. The ultrasonic flowmeter is a method of measuring the difference between the propagation velocity of ultrasonic waves propagating in a fluid in the flow direction of the ultrasonic wave and that in the opposite direction of the flow direction of gas, liquid, dust-containing gas, and suspended gas. Although it can be applied to a turbid liquid, it has a problem that it has a limited measuring range and is expensive. Furthermore, the Karman vortex flowmeter and the Karman vortex flowmeter, which generate the Karman vortex and use the relationship between the frequency of the vortex generation and the flow velocity, can be applied to gas, liquid, dust-containing gas, and suspension, but have poor durability and flow velocity. There is a problem that the low area is inaccurate and expensive.

As described above, the flow rate and the maximum flow rate of not only gas and liquid but also combustion exhaust gas containing dust-containing gas or soot, suspension such as slurry, emulsion liquid, etc. can be measured, and high temperature can be measured. To low temperature, and / or the fluid under any condition from high pressure to low pressure, the flow velocity of the fluid can be measured. Robust and inexpensive flow velocity with small pressure loss. The total has never existed. Therefore, when selecting an anemometer, it is a complicated task to check various factors such as fluid properties, temperature conditions, pressure conditions, allowable pressure loss, and installation location in advance and select an applicable model from various models. Was essential.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned actual condition of the anemometer, and the fluid flowing in the pipe line is not limited to clean gas or liquid, but water vapor, high pressure gas, combustion exhaust gas, powder or the like. Various gas containing soot and dust, the flow velocity of most gases such as gas containing explosive or flammable or combustion-supporting components can be measured, and liquid is tap water, boiler water, pure water, sewage,
Liquids containing electrolytes, various chemicals, suspensions called slurries, emulsion liquids, corrosive liquids, liquid metals,
The flow velocity of a fluid such as a colored or opaque liquid has a small pressure loss, and even if the temperature of the fluid is under any condition between a high temperature and a low temperature, and / or the pressure of the fluid is high. The main object of the present invention is to provide a robust and inexpensive anemometer and flowmeter capable of measuring even under arbitrary conditions from pressure to low pressure.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a velocity meter according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a heating and temperature raising means using a heating wire coil which has been subjected to an insulation treatment, and a temperature characteristic of an output value shows a linear relationship. From a cylindrical first cap with a sealed temperature sensor, and a second capsule with a second temperature sensor, which is manufactured in the same manner as the first capsule and exhibits the same characteristics as the first temperature sensor. The first capsule is arranged at an upstream position and the second capsule is arranged at a downstream position so that the long axis of each of the capsules is orthogonal to the streamline of the fluid flowing in the conduit. Attached to a support, the heating and temperature raising means of the first capsule is not operated, and that of the second capsule is operated by energization, and the first output value transmitted by the first temperature sensor and the second Difference in the second output value sent by the temperature sensor Characterized in that it is composed of the instrument body comprises means for measuring the input power of the means for measuring the said second capsules.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a velocity meter according to the first aspect.
The flowmeter described above, wherein the first capsule and the second capsule
Both end faces in the longitudinal direction of each capsule are insulated and brought into close contact with a heat insulator, and the output terminals of the first temperature sensing sensor and the second temperature sensing sensor and the power supply connection terminals of the heating wire coils are connected. Is a cylindrical container having a large axial ratio in which the capsules and the heat insulators are connected to the lead wires wired in the heat insulator, and the capsules and the heat insulators that are accommodated at the end on the opening side. With a mechanism to bring the body into close contact, the opening side end part from which the lead wire is taken out is sealed to have the same shape,
Further, a sensor body composed of a first probe and a second probe made of the same size and of the same material, and the first probe so that the long axis of each probe is orthogonal to the streamline of the fluid flowing in the conduit. Is arranged at an upstream position with the second probe spaced apart at a downstream position and attached to a support, the heating and heating means of the first capsule is not operated, and that of the second capsule is operated by energization, Means for measuring the difference between the first output value sent by the first temperature sensing element sensor and the second output value sent by the second temperature sensing element sensor, and means for measuring the amount of electric power input to the second capsule. And a measuring instrument body including.

Furthermore, the velocity meter according to claim 3 is the velocity meter according to claim 2, wherein the means for measuring the difference between the first output value and the second output value and the amount of electric power input to the second capsule. The measuring instrument housing the means for measuring is made into a shape that can be easily handled with one hand, and as a handle part, a concave insertion port with a simple lock mechanism for inserting the probe from above is provided, and the bottom part of the insertion port An outlet is attached, and an adapter is attached to an end portion on the opening side for drawing out the lead wires of each of the first probe and the second probe according to claim 2, and a capsule is attached to the handle portion. It is characterized by containing a power source battery for heating and a display unit.

A velocity meter according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the second aspect of the present invention.
In the anemometer described above, the support is a straight pipe having a short pipe length (hereinafter, also referred to as “short pipe”), and both ends thereof are provided with a joint of a type connectable to a joint joined in the middle of the pipe passage. When the straight pipe having a short pipe length has a circular cross-sectional shape, the lengths of the first probe and the second probe protruding from the inner diameter are set to 1/4 or more of the inner diameter and equal to or less than the inner diameter, and the cross-sectional shape of the straight pipe having the short pipe length. Is a rectangular pipe, the axial length of the straight pipe is from 1/4 or more of the inner long side to less than or equal to the inner long side, the first probe is spaced upstream and the second probe is spaced downstream. Direction, and so as to pass through the axis of the straight pipe having the short pipe length, and to be attached to the straight pipe having the short pipe length while being protruded into the straight pipe having the short pipe length. A structure in which a tube, the first probe, and the second probe are integrated to form a structure. To.

Further, the velocity meter according to a fifth aspect is the velocity meter according to the first aspect, in which both longitudinal end faces of each of the first capsule and the second capsule are insulated so as to be in close contact with a heat insulator. The respective output terminals of the first temperature sensing element sensor and the second temperature sensing element sensor and the power source connection terminals of the respective heating wire coils are connected to the lead wires laid in the respective heat insulators, respectively. The shape of the capsule and the heat insulator that are open at both ends is a cylinder with a large axial ratio, and a mechanism for bringing the stored capsule and the heat insulator into close contact is provided, and both open ends are sealed. To the same shape, and
The first column is upstream so that the sensor body composed of the first column and the second column made of the same size and the same material, and the long axis of each column are orthogonal to the streamline of the fluid flowing in the conduit. At the position, the second column is arranged at a downstream position in the streamline direction with a space therebetween and attached to the support, the heating and temperature raising means of the first capsule is not operated, and that of the second capsule is operated by energization. The first output value sent from the first temperature sensing element sensor and the second output value sent from the second temperature sensing element sensor.
It is characterized by comprising a means for measuring the difference in output value and a measuring instrument body for measuring the amount of electric power input to the second capsule.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a velocity meter of the fifth aspect.
In the anemometer described above, the support is a straight pipe having a short pipe length, and both ends thereof are provided with a joint type that can be connected to a joint joined in the middle of the pipe line, and are orthogonal to the axis of the straight pipe having the short pipe length described above. Thus, the first column and the second column are arranged so as to be spaced apart in the axial direction of the straight pipe having the short pipe length and to pass through the axis of the straight pipe having the short pipe length. The straight pipe having the short pipe length is attached to the straight pipe having the short pipe length by passing through the side wall of the straight pipe having the short pipe length to the opposite side wall to form a structure in which the straight pipe having the short pipe length and the first column and the second column are integrated. It is characterized by

Further, in the anemometer according to claim 7, in the anemometer according to claim 1, 2 or 5, the temperature sensing element sensor is a piezoelectric element, a thermocouple, a platinum resistance wire, or a thermistor. Is characterized in that.

The flowmeter according to claim 8 is the flowmeter according to claim 2 or 5, wherein the thermal conductivity of the material of the heat insulator is 1/4 or less of that of the material of the capsule. Characterize.

[0015]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Preferred embodiments of a velocity meter according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

According to the present invention, when a fluid (gas or liquid) flows around a heated cylindrical capsule at a right angle to the capsule, the amount of heat absorbed by the fluid is the exponential power of the Reynolds number of the fluid and the temperature of the capsule. The present invention has been completed by finding a law that is proportional to the product of the temperature of a fluid and a temperature difference, and has solved the above-mentioned problems by providing a novel type of velocity meter which has never existed before.

More specifically, according to the first aspect of the invention, the temperature characteristic of the output value is given to each of the two capsules having a cylindrical shape with a lid and having the same size and the same material. Two temperature sensing sensors having the same linear relationship, that is, the first temperature sensing sensor and the second temperature sensing sensor are sealed by taking measures to prevent the fluid from entering. Using them as the first capsule and the second capsule, the insulating heating wire coil having the same wire diameter is wound around each capsule. Further, the power source connection terminal of the heating wire coil wound around the first capsule is not connected to the power source, but that of the heating wire coil wound around the second capsule is connected to the power source to serve as a heating / heating means. By energizing and operating this, the second capsule can be heated and heated.
At this time, the amount of electric power applied to the heating wire coil is measured and input to the arithmetic unit. In addition, the first temperature sensing element sensor and the second
The output terminal of the temperature sensor is connected to the lead wire. Each of the above-mentioned first capsule and the above-mentioned second capsule is placed at a position near the center of the pipe in a pipe in which a fluid flows, and the first capsule is placed on the upstream side and the second capsule is placed on the downstream side with a space described later. Deploy. Then, the capsules are mounted on a support so that the long axis of each capsule is orthogonal to the fluid streamline. The support is
It has a structure that does not disturb the streamlines of the fluid flowing around the capsule. The distance between the first capsule and the second capsule is not less than 5 times and not more than 20 times the diameter (d ₁ ) of the capsule.
If the inner diameter (D) of the conduit is 10 times or more than d ₁ , the first capsule and the second capsule can be installed side by side in the direction crossing the conduit. A sealing mechanism is provided at the connection point between the power supply connection terminal and the output terminal and each lead wire to prevent fluid intrusion, and at the lead wire extraction point from the conduit to prevent fluid leakage.

As described above, the first capsule and the second capsule installed in the conduit in which the fluid flows at a flow velocity (u) perpendicular to the long axis of the first capsule and the long axis of the second capsule. When the measurement is started using, the first temperature sensing element sensor enclosed in the first capsule causes the output value (f) corresponding to the temperature of the first capsule, that is, the temperature (t ₁ ) of the fluid itself.
₁ ) is transmitted and is input to the first output converter. Since the heating / heating means of the second capsule is operating and the fluid is flowing around the second capsule in the direction orthogonal to the long axis of the capsule, the fluid has a Reynolds number (d) based on d _1.
The amount of heat (W) proportional to the product of the exponent (j) to the power of ₁ uρ / μ and the temperature difference (t ₂ −t ₁ ) is taken and flows. Here, t ₂ is the temperature of the second capsule. For this reason, the second temperature sensing element transmits the output value (f ₂ ) corresponding to t ₂ to generate the second value.
Input to output converter. Since the temperature characteristics of the output values of the first temperature sensing element sensor and the second temperature sensing element sensor show a linear relationship, the difference between the output values is proportional to the temperature difference. And the first
The multiplier to which the output value of the output converter and the output value of the second output converter are input measures the value corresponding to the difference between the output values and outputs it to the arithmetic unit.

On the other hand, W is the amount of electric power input to the heating wire coil, which is input to the arithmetic unit as described above, so the flow velocity (u) of the fluid can be obtained by the equation (1). J in equation (1)
Is a value determined by the axial ratio (L / d ₁ ) of the capsule and is measured in advance and built into the arithmetic unit. ν is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid,
λ is the thermal conductivity of the fluid, K is the proportional value determined by the absolute value of the temperature characteristic gradient of the temperature sensing element, the physical property value of the fluid, the contact area between the capsule and the fluid, and d ₁ and j. It is built into the computing unit. u = ν (1 / λ) ^{1 / j} K {W / (f ₂ −f ₁ )} ^{1 / j} ... (1) However, when W = 0, (f ₂ −f ₁ ) = 0. (1)
The expression is a mathematical expression of the law found by the present inventors and is the basic principle of the anemometer according to the present invention. On the other hand, (1)
From the formula, the volume flow rate (V) is calculated by the formula (2). (2)
S in the formula is the cross-sectional area of the conduit. V = ν (1 / λ) ^{1 / j} KS {W / (f ₂ −f ₁ )} ^{1 / j} (2) Therefore, from the equation (1), the mass flow rate (M) is (3 ) Is calculated. In equation (3), μ is the viscosity coefficient of the fluid. M = μ (1 / λ) ^{1 / j} KS {W / (f ₂ −f ₁ )} ^{1 / j} ... (3) In addition, equation (1), equation (2), (3 ) value of the formula _(f 2 -f ₁₎ takes the absolute value.

As described above, the first capsule is located at the upstream position and the second capsule is located at the downstream position so that the sensor body composed of the first capsule and the second capsule described above is orthogonal to the streamline of the fluid. Positioned at the aforementioned intervals and attached to the support, the difference between the first output value transmitted by the first temperature sensor and the second output value transmitted by the second temperature sensor is measured. The flow velocity, volume flow rate, or mass flow rate of the fluid flowing through the conduit can be measured by the means for performing the operation and the measuring instrument body having the means for measuring the amount of electric power input to the second capsule. Further, in the invention of claim 1, since the streamline of the fluid is orthogonal to the long axis of the capsule, the fluid smoothly flows around the cylindrical capsule. Therefore, the pressure loss is small. Therefore, the fluid flowing in the pipeline is not limited to a clean fluid, and various gases containing powder, soot dust, and dust, a suspension called slurry, an emulsion liquid,
Since a colored / opaque liquid fluid also smoothly flows around the cylindrical shape, the flow velocity of these fluids can be measured without causing a large pressure loss.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, a cylindrical container having a large axial ratio and having the same size and the same material is used.
Make a book probe. Next, the first probe is provided with the heat insulator-B at the lowermost portion and the first probe according to claim 1 at the intermediate portion.
The capsule houses the heat insulator-A at the top. The second probe accommodates the heat insulator-B in the lowermost portion, the second capsule described in claim 1 in the middle portion, and the heat insulator-A in the uppermost portion. However, both end surfaces of the first capsule and the second capsule in the longitudinal direction are previously insulated. In each of the probes, the capsule, the heat insulator-A, and the heat insulator-B can be housed in close contact with each other by a close contact mechanism provided at an end portion on the probe opening side. The output terminal of the temperature sensing element sensor housed in each capsule and the power supply connection terminal of each heating wire coil are connected to the lead wire wired in the heat insulator-A, and lead wire to the outside. Since the take-out is from the end on the opening side, a sealing process is performed to prevent fluid from entering. In addition, a sealing mechanism for preventing fluid leakage is provided at the location where the lead wire is taken out from the conduit. Further, the lead wire connected to the power supply connection terminal of the first probe is not connected to the power supply unit,
That of the probe connects with the power supply.

On the other hand, the first temperature sensing element sensor and the second temperature sensing element sensor
The lead wire connected to the output terminal of the temperature sensor is
Each of them is connected to the first output converter and the second output converter. Previous
Each of the above-mentioned first probe and the above-mentioned second probe
At a position near the center of the pipe in the pipe through which the fluid flows,
The upstream side of the probe and the second side of the probe on the downstream side.
Take and place. And the long axis of each probe is fluid
Attach it to the support so that it is orthogonal to the streamline of. The support is
A structure that does not disturb the streamlines of the fluid flowing around the probe
Hold it. The distance between the first probe and the second probe is
Lobe diameter (d _Two5 times or more and 20 times or less. Also pipe
The inner diameter (D) of the passage is d_Two10 times or more of the
And the second probe are arranged side by side in the direction crossing the pipeline.
Can be placed.

As described above, the long axes of both the probes described above
Installed in a pipe where the fluid flows at a flow velocity (u) perpendicular to
Measurement using the first probe and the second probe
Start, the first measurement enclosed in the first capsule
The temperature sensor measures the temperature of the fluid itself (t₁Output value corresponding to
(f₁) Is transmitted to the first output converter. The above
The heating / heating means of the second capsule is in operation,
The cell is heated and heated. At this time, put it in the heating wire coil
The measured electric energy is measured and input to the arithmetic unit. The second professional
Around the tube in the direction perpendicular to the long axis of the probe.
Since it is flowing, the fluid is the diameter of the probe (d_Two)
Reynolds number (d_Twouρ / μ) to the power of index (j) and temperature difference
(t_Two-T₁) Takes away the amount of heat (W) proportional to the product of
It Where t_TwoIs the temperature of the second capsule. This
Therefore, the second temperature sensor is t _TwoOutput value equivalent to
(f_Two) Is transmitted to the second output converter. The above
The output value of the first temperature sensing element sensor and the output value of the second temperature sensing element sensor
Since the temperature characteristic of force value shows a linear relationship, the difference in output value is
Proportional to the difference. And the output value of the first output converter
And the multiplier to which the output value of the second output converter is input,
The value corresponding to the difference is measured and output to the calculator. on the other hand,
W is the amount of electric power input to the heating wire coil, as described above
Since it is input to the calculator, the flow velocity (u) of the fluid is as described above.
It is calculated by the equation (1). J in the formula (1) is a plot
Axis ratio (L / d_Two).
Built into the calculator. K is the temperature characteristic of the temperature sensor
Absolute value of distribution, physical property of fluid, and contact surface between probe and fluid
Product and d_TwoAnd a constant constant determined by j
Built in. ν, μ, λ, and S are as described above.
Then, u is obtained from the equation (1), and the volume flow is obtained from the equation (2).
The amount (V) and the mass flow rate (M) are obtained from the equation (3).

Thus, the first probe is located at the upstream position and the second probe is located at the downstream position so that the sensor body composed of the above-mentioned first probe and the above-mentioned second probe is orthogonal to the streamline. Means for measuring the difference between the first output value sent by the first temperature sensing element sensor and the second output value sent by the second temperature sensing element sensor, arranged at the above-mentioned interval and attached to the support. The flow velocity, the volume flow rate, or the mass flow rate of the fluid flowing through the pipe can be measured by the measuring instrument body having a means for measuring the amount of electric power applied to the second capsule. Further, in the invention of claim 2, since the streamline of the fluid is orthogonal to the long axes of the above-mentioned probes, the fluid smoothly flows around the cylindrical probe. Therefore, the pressure loss is small. Therefore, the fluid flowing in the pipeline is not limited to a clean gas or liquid, but various gases containing powder, soot dust, and dust, a suspension called a slurry, an emulsion liquid, a colored / opaque liquid, etc. Since the fluid of (4) also smoothly flows around the cylindrical probe, the flow velocity of these fluids can be measured without causing a large pressure loss.
In addition, if the corrosion resistance and / or heat resistance and / or pressure resistance is imparted to the probe and the lead wire lead portion, the flow velocity of the corrosive fluid and / or the fluid under high temperature and / or the fluid under high pressure can be measured. Of course, if cold resistance is added, the flow velocity of fluid at low temperature can be measured.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the lead wire connected to the output terminal of the first temperature sensing element sensor in the first probe is taken out from the end of the first probe opening side. Install the adapter. Adapters are separately attached to the lead-out wires connected to the output terminals and the power supply connection terminals of the second temperature sensing element in the second probe from the ends of the second probe opening side. Further, a means for measuring the difference between the first output value and the second output value, a means for measuring the amount of electric power applied to the second capsule in the second probe, a power supply battery, a computing unit, and a display unit are housed. A handle part having a shape that allows easy handling of the measuring instrument with one hand is produced.
The handle is provided with a concave insertion port with a simple lock mechanism that allows the first probe and the second probe to be alternately inserted and attached from the top, and is attached to the end of the probe opening side at the bottom of the insertion port. Install an outlet that mates with the adapter. When the first probe is inserted, it can be connected to the first output converter through the contacts of the adapter and the outlet, and when the second probe is inserted, it can be connected to the second output converter and the power source through the contacts of the adapter and the outlet. Form a circuit that can be connected. The lock mechanism has a structure that can be easily unlocked even when the probe is removed. The anemometer according to the third aspect of the invention can be used for measuring an air velocity of an air flow flowing in a duct called a duct under the conditions of atmospheric pressure and room temperature. With this configuration, it is easy to carry, and the first probe and the second probe are alternately removed and inserted and attached easily. At the time of measurement, the handle is operated so that the probe attached to the handle and the streamline intersect at right angles. Then, the air flow velocity can be measured by the equation (1). Cross-sectional area of pipeline at measurement position
If (S) can be specified, the volume flow rate can be measured by the equation (2) and the mass flow rate can be measured by the equation (3).

According to the invention of claim 4, the first probe is located at the upstream position so that the long axes of the first probe and the second probe are orthogonal to the streamlines of the fluid flowing in the conduit. In addition, the second probe is mounted at a downstream position with a distance of 5 times or more and 20 times or less of the above-mentioned probe diameter. In this claim, the short tube described above is used as the support.
The short pipe is equipped at both ends with a joint of a type that can be joined to the joint of the pipe so that the short pipe can be installed in the middle of the pipe requiring a velocity meter. Both of the above-mentioned probes are attached in a state of protruding into the short tube, and the length of the protruding into the tube is 1/4 or more of the inner diameter to less than the inner diameter when the short tube is a circular tube, and the short tube is a rectangular tube. In the case of, the length is from 1/4 or more of the inner long side to less than or equal to the inner long side. By doing so, a structure body in which the sensor body and the support body are integrated is formed, and thus a robust and inexpensive anemometer can be constructed by connecting to the measuring instrument body. Since the short pipe is a straight pipe,
If the first probe and the second probe are attached at right angles to the axis of the short tube, the streamline of the fluid and the long axes of the first probe and the second probe are orthogonal to each other. By installing the short pipe in the middle of the pipe, the fluid flows around the first probe and the second probe attached to the short pipe. The mass flow rate is obtained from the equation (2) by the equation (3).

Further, in the invention of claim 4, since the streamline of the fluid is orthogonal to the long axis of the probe, the fluid smoothly flows around the cylindrical probe. Therefore, the pressure loss is small. Not only that, since both of the probes and the short tube which is the support body are integrated, and leakage of the fluid from the attachment point of the both probes and the short tube to the outside of the pipeline is naturally prevented. , Not only clean gas and liquid, but also various gases containing powder, soot and dust, gases containing explosive and harmful components, various chemicals, suspensions, emulsion liquids, colored and opaque liquids Since such fluids smoothly flow around the cylindrical probe, the flow velocity of the fluids can be measured without causing a large pressure loss, and the leakage of the fluids can be measured without fear. In addition, by imparting corrosion resistance and / or heat resistance and / or pressure resistance to both the probes and the short pipe, the flow velocity of the corrosive fluid and / or the fluid under high temperature and / or the fluid under high pressure causes a large pressure loss. It can be measured without being generated. Of course, if cold resistance is added, the flow velocity of fluid at low temperature can be measured.

According to the invention of claim 5, the shape is a cylinder with both ends having a large axial ratio (hereinafter, referred to as "A-end" and "B-end") being open, and Two columns having the same size and the same material are prepared as a first column and a second column. Then, in the center of the first column, the first capsule,
The heat insulator-A is accommodated on the A-end side, and the heat insulator-B is accommodated on the B-end side. A second capsule is housed in the center of the second column, the heat insulator-A is housed in the A-end side, and the heat insulator-B is housed in the B-end side. However, both end surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the first capsule and the second capsule are previously subjected to insulation treatment. Each capsule and the heat insulating body-A and the heat insulating body-B are housed in close contact with each other by a close contact mechanism provided at both open ends of the column. The output terminal of the temperature sensing element sensor housed in each capsule and the power supply connection terminal of each heating wire coil are connected to the lead wire laid in the heat insulator-A. Both ends are sealed to prevent fluid from entering the column from both ends.
Further, a sealing mechanism for preventing fluid leakage is provided at the lead-out point of the pipe. Further, the lead wire connected to the power supply connection terminal of the first column is not connected to the power supply, but that of the second column is connected to the power supply. On the other hand, the lead wires connected to the output terminals of the first temperature sensing element sensor and the second temperature sensing element sensor are connected to the first output converter and the second output converter, respectively. Each of the first column and the second column is arranged at a position near the pipe center in a pipe in which a fluid flows, with the first column on the upstream side and the second column on the downstream side at intervals described later. To do. Then, each column is attached to a support so that the long axis of the column is orthogonal to the fluid streamline. The support has a structure that does not disturb the streamlines of the fluid flowing around the column. The distance between the first column and the second column is not less than 5 times the column diameter (d ₃ ).
Take less than twice. Further, if the inner diameter (D) of the conduit is 10 times or more of d ₃ , the first column and the second column can be installed side by side in the direction crossing the conduit.

As described above, the first column and the second column
A tube flowing at a fluid flow rate (u) perpendicular to the long axis of the column
Using the first column and the second column installed in the passage
When the measurement is started, the first capsule enclosed in the first capsule
1 The temperature sensor is the temperature of the fluid itself (t₁) Equivalent output
Value (f₁) Is transmitted to the first output converter. Previous
The heating / heating means of the second capsule is operating,
The capsule is heated and heated. At this time, throw it in the heating wire coil.
The input electric energy is measured and input to the arithmetic unit. The second power
Fluid flows around the ram in a direction perpendicular to the long axis of the column.
Therefore, the fluid is the column diameter (d_Three) Is the standard
Reynolds number (d_Threeuρ / μ) to the power of index (j) and temperature difference (t
_Two-T₁) And takes away the amount of heat (W) proportional to the product.
Where t _TwoIs the temperature of the second capsule. others
Therefore, the above-mentioned second temperature sensor is t _TwoOutput value equivalent to
Is input to the second output converter. The above
Temperature of output value of 1 temperature sensing element sensor and said 2nd temperature sensing element sensor
Since the characteristics show a linear relationship, the difference in output value is proportional to the temperature difference.
To do. The output value of the first output converter and the second output value
Difference of output value in multiplier that inputs output value of output converter
The value corresponding to is measured and output to the arithmetic unit.

On the other hand, W is the amount of electric power input to the heating wire coil and is input to the arithmetic unit as described above, so the flow velocity (u) of the fluid can be obtained by the above-mentioned equation (1). However,
J in the equation (1) is a value determined by the axial ratio (L / d ₃ ) of the column and is measured in advance and built in the calculator. K is a proportional constant determined by the absolute value of the temperature characteristic gradient of the temperature sensing element, the contact area between the capsule and the fluid, and d ₃ and j, which is measured in advance and built in the calculator. ν, μ, λ, and S are as described above. Then, u is obtained from the equation (1), the volume flow rate (V) is obtained from the equation (2), and the mass flow rate (M) is obtained from the equation (3). Thus, the first capsule and the second capsule
The first capsule is arranged at the upstream position and the second capsule is arranged at the downstream position at the above-mentioned interval so as to be orthogonal to the streamline of the fluid, and is attached to the support body. Means for measuring the difference between the first output value sent by the first temperature sensing element sensor and the second output value sent by the second temperature sensing element sensor, and the amount of electric power input to the second capsule. The flow velocity, volumetric flow rate, or mass flow rate of the fluid flowing through the conduit can be measured by the measuring instrument including the means. Further, in the invention of claim 5, since the streamline of the fluid is orthogonal to the long axis of the column, the fluid smoothly flows around the cylindrical column. Therefore, the pressure loss is small. Therefore, the fluid flowing in the pipeline is not limited to a clean gas or liquid, but various gases containing powder, soot dust, and dust, a suspension called a slurry, an emulsion liquid, a colored / opaque liquid, etc. Since the fluid of (4) also smoothly flows around the cylindrical column, the flow velocity of these fluids can be measured without causing a large pressure loss. in addition,
When the corrosion resistance and / or heat resistance and / or pressure resistance is imparted to the column or the lead wire lead portion, the flow velocity of the corrosive fluid and / or the fluid under high temperature and / or high pressure can also be measured. Of course, if cold resistance is added, the flow velocity of fluid at low temperature can be measured.

According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the first column is located at the upstream position so that the long axes of the first column and the second column are orthogonal to the streamlines of the fluid flowing in the conduit. In addition, the second column uses the above-mentioned short tube as a support body which is attached to the downstream position with the above-mentioned interval. The short pipe is equipped with a joint of a type that can be joined to the joint of the pipe so that the short pipe can be installed in the middle of the pipe requiring a velocity meter.
The above-mentioned both columns are attached to the short pipe so as to penetrate the short pipe from one side wall to the opposite side wall so as to skewer the short pipe. By doing so, the sensor body and the support body become an integrated structure, and when connected to the measuring instrument body, it becomes a robust and inexpensive velocity meter. Since the short pipe is a straight pipe, if the first column and the second column are attached at right angles to the axis of the short pipe, the flow line of the fluid and the long axes of the first column and the second column are Cross at right angles. By installing the short pipe in the middle of the conduit, the fluid flows around the first column and the second column attached to the short pipe, so that the flow velocity is as described above.
The volume flow rate is obtained from the equation (2) by the equation (1), and the mass flow rate is obtained by the equation (3).

Further, in the invention of claim 6, since the streamline of the fluid is orthogonal to the major axis of the column, the fluid smoothly flows around the cylindrical column. Therefore, the pressure loss is small. Not only that, but the column and the short tube which is the support are integrated, and the leakage of the fluid to the outside of the conduit from the attachment location of both columns and the short tube is naturally prevented. Therefore, not only clean gas and liquid, but also various gases containing powder, soot and dust, gases containing explosive components, various chemicals, suspensions, emulsion liquids, colored and opaque liquids, etc. The flow velocity of the fluid can be measured without causing a large pressure loss and without fear of leakage of the fluid. In addition, if corrosion resistance and / or heat resistance and / or pressure resistance is imparted to the both columns and the short pipe, the flow velocity of the corrosive fluid and / or the fluid under high temperature and / or the fluid under high pressure causes a large pressure loss. Can be measured without generating. Of course, if cold resistance is added, the flow velocity of fluid at low temperature can be measured.

According to the invention of claim 7, claim 1,
Alternatively, in the anemometer according to claim 2 or 5, the temperature sensing element sensor in which the temperature characteristic of the output value enclosed in the capsule shows a linear relationship is a piezoelectric element, a thermocouple, a platinum resistance wire, or a thermistor. It is characterized by being. According to the invention of claim 8, in order to increase the difference between the temperature of the first capsule and the temperature of the second capsule in the velocity meter according to claim 2 or 5, the heat of the material used as the heat insulator is used. It is characterized in that the conductivity is ¼ or less of that of the material used for the capsule.

Next, the velocity meter according to the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a velocity meter according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The first temperature sensing element sensor 3 and the second temperature sensing element sensor 9 are enclosed in the first capsule 1 and the second capsule 7, which are cylindrical with a lid and made of the same size and the same material. The output terminals 5a, 5b and 11a, 11b of the first temperature sensing element sensor 3 and the second temperature sensing element sensor 9, respectively, are first output converters 21 which are one of the main components of the measuring instrument body 24. And the second
It is connected to the output converter 22. The temperature characteristics of the output values of the first temperature sensing element sensor 3 and the second temperature sensing element sensor 9 exhibit the same linear relationship. Further, heating wire coils 2 and 8 are wound around the first capsule 1 and the second capsule 7, respectively. As the heating wire coils 2 and 8, those which have been previously subjected to insulation treatment so as not to leak current are used. Power source connection terminals 4a of the heating wire coils 2 and 8,
4b and 10a, 10b, only the heating wire coil 10a, 10b wound around the second capsule 7 is the measuring instrument body 2
The heating means for heating the second capsule 7 is connected to the power source section 23 in FIG. The above-mentioned first capsule 1 and the above-mentioned second capsule 7 are placed in the pipe line 15, and at the upstream position, the above-mentioned first capsule 1
The capsule 1 and the second capsule 7 at the downstream position are 5 times or more of d _{1 based on} the capsule diameter d ₁ (shown in FIG. 1) 2
The distance between them is 0 times or less, and moreover, the streamline 14 of the fluid, the long axis 6 of the first capsule and the long axis 12 of the second capsule 12
The first capsule 1 placed in the conduit 15 is disposed on the first support member 16 and the second
The capsule 7 is attached to the second support 17. Therefore, the sensor body 13 includes the first capsule 1, the heating wire coil 2 of the first capsule, the first temperature sensing sensor 3, the first support body 16 and the second capsule 7, and the second capsule. The heating wire coil 8, the second temperature sensing element sensor 9, and the second support 17 are included.

When measuring the flow velocity of the fluid, the heating wire coil 8 of the second capsule is energized to heat and raise the temperature of the second capsule 7. The first temperature sensing element sensor 3 transmits an output value corresponding to the temperature of the first capsule 1 and inputs the output value to the first output converter 21. On the other hand, the second temperature sensing element sensor 9 transmits an output value corresponding to the temperature of the second capsule and inputs the output value to the second output converter 22. The amount of electric power supplied to the heating wire coil 8 of the second capsule is measured by the power supply unit 23 and input to the calculator 25. Then, in the multiplier 26, the output value converted by the first output converter 21 and transmitted by the first temperature sensing element 3 and the second value converted by the second output converter 22.
The difference from the output value transmitted by the temperature sensing sensor 9 is measured and input to the calculator 25. In the computing unit 25, the above (1)
The flow rate, the volume flow rate, or the mass flow rate is calculated based on the equation, the equation (2), or the equation (3), and the result is output to the display unit 20. Therefore, the measuring instrument body 24 is composed of the first output converter 21, the second output converter 22, the power supply unit 23, the multiplier 26, the calculator 25, and the display unit 20.

FIG. 2 is a view showing the schematic structure of the first probe of the flowmeter sensor body according to the second embodiment of the invention. The first temperature sensing element sensor 3 is enclosed in the first capsule 1. In this embodiment, both end surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the first capsule 1 are insulated by a method of adhering the electrically insulating sheets 21a and 31b. The first probe 33 is a cylindrical container having a large axial ratio, and in FIG.
7 is shown above. The heat insulating body-B 22a is housed at the lowermost part of the first probe 33, the first capsule 1 having the heating wire coil 2 of the first capsule wound thereon is further housed above the heat insulating body-A 32b. Therefore, the lowermost part is the heat insulator-B22a, the middle part is the first capsule 1, and the uppermost part is the heat insulator-A32b. A female screw is provided on the inner wall of the first probe 33 in a downward direction from the opening side end 37 of the first probe 33, and a through hole is formed in the center portion, and a male screw is formed in the outer peripheral portion of the female screw. The opening side end portion 34 is constituted by a close contact mechanism including a holding bolt 38 to be fitted and a spacer 36 which can be inserted into the probe having a through hole in the center portion. The holding bolt 38
And the central through hole of the spacer 36 is connected to the output terminals 5a and 5b of the first temperature sensor 3 and the power supply connection terminals 4a and 4b of the heating wire coil 2, and lead wires 35a and 35b,
It is a through hole for taking out 35c and 35d. The lead wires 35a, 35b, 35c, and 35d are wired in the above-described heat insulator-A32b, and are connected to the respective terminals near the lower end of the heat insulator-A32b. The major axis of the first probe is indicated by 6, and the opening-side end portion 34 is attached to the first support body (not shown) so as to be orthogonal to the streamline of the fluid flowing in the conduit. A male screw 39 is provided around the outer wall of the first probe 33.

Further, the lead wires 35a, 35b,
The opening-side end 34 from which 35c and 35d are taken out is sealed in order to prevent fluid from entering from the outside. Also, the pipeline
(Not shown) to the lead wires 35a, 35b, 35c, 3
A sealing mechanism (not shown) for preventing fluid leakage is provided at the extraction location of 5d. Since the probe shown in FIG. 2 is the first probe 33, the lead wires 35a and 35d connected to the power supply connection terminals 4a and 4b are connected to the power supply unit (not shown).
Not connected to. Therefore, the sensor body (not shown) includes the first probe 1, the heating wire coil 2 of the first capsule, the first temperature sensing sensor 3, the first support body (not shown) and the second probe.
(Not shown), heating coil of the second capsule (not shown),
It is composed of a heating wire coil (not shown) of the second capsule, a second temperature sensor (not shown), and a second support (not shown). Hereinafter, the same as the contents described in the first embodiment, the measuring instrument body is also configured similarly. The invention described in claim 2 is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a velocity meter according to a third embodiment of the present invention. In the invention of claim 3, a shape in which a measuring instrument body for accommodating the means for measuring the difference between the first output value and the second output value and the means for measuring the amount of electric power input to the second capsule can be easily handled with one hand. As the handle portion 46 manufactured in FIG. 3, a concave insertion port 45 having a simple lock mechanism 42 shown in FIG. 3 for inserting a probe into the handle portion 46 from above is provided, and the bottom portion of the insertion port is further provided. The outlet 44 shown in FIG. 3 is attached, and the adapters 43a and 43b shown in FIG. 3 are attached to the opening side end portions of the first probe 41a and the second probe 41b shown in FIG. In addition, the grip portion 46 accommodates the power supply battery 48 and the display portion 47 shown in FIG. 3 for heating the capsule. When measuring the flow velocity of the air flow flowing in the pipe under the conditions of atmospheric pressure and room temperature, the first probe 41a is inserted into the concave insertion port 45 and attached, and the flow velocity of the air flow and the long axis of the first probe are attached. 6
The first probe 41a is inserted into the conduit so that and are orthogonal to each other, the temperature t ₁ of the first capsule is measured, and the measured value is stored in the storage device. Next, the first probe 41a is removed, the second probe 41b is inserted into the concave insertion port 45 and attached, and the temperature t ₂ of the second capsule is measured in exactly the same manner as in the case where the first probe 41a is used. Save to. At the same time, the heating and temperature raising means of the second capsule is operated to measure the amount of electric power applied to the heating wire coil and store it in the storage device. Next, these measured values and the measured values are multiplied by the multiplier 2.
6 (shown in FIG. 1) and the processing unit 25 (shown in FIG. 1), and outputs to the display unit 20 (shown in FIG. 1). The following is the same as the contents described in the first embodiment. The invention described in claim 3 is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

4 and 5 are views showing a velocity meter according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the invention of claim 4, the support is a straight pipe (hereinafter abbreviated as “short pipe”) 53 having a short pipe length shown in FIG. 4, and both ends thereof are joints (not shown) joined in the middle of the pipe line. 4) of the type that can be connected to the), the lengths of the first probe 51b and the second probe 51a protruding into the pipe in FIGS. 4 and 5 are the inner diameter when the short pipe 53 is a circular pipe. From 1/4 or more to the inner diameter or less, and when the short tube 53 is a rectangular tube, it is from 1/4 or more of the inner long side to less than the inner long side. Since the pipe is a circular pipe in FIGS. 4 and 5, assuming that the inner diameter is D (shown in FIG. 4), the length of the probe protruding into the pipe is D / 4 or more and D or less. The first probe 51b is located at the upstream position, the second probe 51a is located at the downstream position, and the long axes 52b and 52a of the two probes are orthogonal to the streamline 55 with an interval to be described later, and the axis 56 of the short tube 53, Orthogonal to 56 ',
It is arranged so as to pass through the axial center 57 (shown in FIG. 5) of the short tube 53. The first probe 51b and the second probe 51a
The distance between and is based on the diameter (d ₂ ) of the probe (shown in FIG. 4) and is not less than 5 times and not more than 20 times d ₂ . Inner diameter of pipeline
When (D) is 10 times or more of d ₂ , the first probe 51b and the second probe 51a can be arranged in the direction crossing the conduit. As described above, the first probe 5
1b and the second probe 51a are attached to the short tube 53 in a state of being projected to the inside of the short tube 53. By doing so, the sensor body and the support body become an integrated structure, and when connected to the measuring instrument body 24 shown in FIG. 1, it becomes a robust and inexpensive anemometer. Hereinafter, the same as the contents described in the first embodiment, the measuring instrument body is also configured similarly.
The invention described in claim 4 is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a view showing the schematic structure of the first column of the sensor body of the anemometer according to the fifth embodiment of the invention. The first temperature sensing element sensor 3 is enclosed in the first capsule 1. In this embodiment, both longitudinal end faces of the first capsule 1 are insulated by a method of adhering the electrically insulating sheets 61a and 61b. The first column 63 is a cylinder whose shape has a large axial ratio and is open on both sides, and in FIG. 6, the side from which the lead wire is pulled out is shown above. The heat insulating body-B 62a is wound at the bottom of the first column 63, and the heating wire coil 2 of the first capsule is wound above the heat insulating body-B 62a.
The capsule 1 is further housed with the heat insulator-A 62b. Therefore, the lowermost part is the heat insulator-B62a, the middle part is the first capsule 1, and the uppermost part is the heat insulator-A62b.
Then, at both open ends of the first column 63, invasion of fluid from the outside is prevented by hollow cylindrical sockets 66a, 66b (shown by broken lines) and holding bolts 64a, 64b. The upper half portion of the socket 66a has an inner diameter into which the column can be inserted, and the lower half portion is engraved with a female screw that engages with a male screw engraved on the outer periphery of the holding bolt 64a. Similarly, the lower half of the socket 66b has an inner diameter into which the column can be inserted, and the upper half is engraved with a female screw that engages with a male screw engraved on the outer circumference of the holding bolt 64b.

The sockets 66a and 66b are joined to the first column 63 and the first support (not shown) by welding, bonding, brazing or the like. The holding bolts 64a, 64b
Has a through hole in the center, which is a lead wire for connecting the output terminals 5a, 5b of the first temperature sensing element sensor 3 and the power supply connection terminals 4a, 4b of the heating wire coil 2 of the first capsule. It is a through hole for taking out. Also, the holding bolt 6
4a and 64b are the first capsule 1 and the heat insulator-A6.
2b and the first capsule 1 and the heat insulating body-B62a are brought into close contact with each other. That is, the upper opening end 6
5a is composed of a socket 66b and a holding bolt 64b, and the lower opening end portion 65b is composed of a socket 66a and a holding bolt 64a. The above-mentioned lead wire is wired in the heat insulator-A62b and connected to each terminal near the lower end of the heat insulator-A62b. In FIG. 6, the long axis of the first column is shown to be perpendicular to the streamline of the fluid flowing in the pipe.
Attach it to the support (not shown). Further, the opening end portion 65a above the lead wire from which the lead wire is taken out is sealed in order to prevent fluid from entering from the outside. Also, the pipeline
A sealing mechanism (not shown) for preventing fluid leakage is provided at a position where the lead wire is taken out from (not shown).

Since the column of FIG. 6 is the first column 63, the lead wires connected to the power supply connection terminals 4a and 4b are not connected to the power supply unit (not shown). Therefore, the sensor body (not shown) includes the first column 63, the heating wire coil 2 of the first capsule, the first temperature sensing sensor 3, the first support body (not shown) and the second column (not shown). No.), a heating wire coil (not shown) of the second capsule, a second temperature sensing sensor (not shown), and a second support (not shown). Hereinafter, the same as the contents described in the above-described first embodiment, the measuring instrument body is also configured similarly. The invention of claim 5 is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

FIGS. 7 and 8 are views showing a state in which the sensor body of the anemometer according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention is attached to a support body. In the invention of claim 6, the support is a straight pipe having a short pipe length (hereinafter abbreviated as “short pipe”) 73 shown in FIG.
And both ends thereof are joints 74a, in FIG. 7 of a model that can be connected to a joint (not shown) joined in the middle of the pipeline.
It is equipped with 74b. The first column 71b has an upstream position and the second column 71a has a downstream position with an interval to be described later, the long axes 72b and 72a of both columns and the streamline 75 are orthogonal to each other, and the axis 76 of the short pipe 73, It is also arranged so as to be orthogonal to 76 'and pass through the axial center 77 of the short tube 73. The distance between the first column 71b and the second column 71a is set to 5 times or more and 20 times or less than d ₃ with reference to the column diameter (d ₃ ) (shown in FIG. 7). The inner diameter (D) of the pipeline (shown in FIG. 7) is d ₃
10 times or more, the first column 71b and the second column 71a can be arranged in the direction crossing the pipeline. Further, the first column 71b and the second column 71a are arranged so as to pass through the axial center 77 (shown in FIG. 8) of the short tube 73, and the short tube 73 is crossed as described above. Attach to the short pipe. By doing so, the sensor body and the support body become an integrated structure, and the measuring instrument body 24 shown in FIG.
When connected to, it becomes a robust and inexpensive anemometer. Hereinafter, the same as the contents described in the first embodiment, the measuring instrument body is also configured similarly. The invention described in claim 5 is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

In claim 7, a specific example of the temperature sensing element sensor applicable to the present invention is described. FIG. 9 shows an LC-1 cut product of a crystal unit, which is a type of piezoelectric element, and NL _1-2.
The temperature characteristics of the output value of the cut product are shown (Reference: Mitsuo Nakazawa, Chapter 4, "Measure with Quartz", Introduction to Sensor Engineering)
(Edited by Jiro Seino and Shoji Kondo), P. 46, 1998, Morikita Publishing Co., Ltd.). In addition, FIGS. 10 and 11 show the temperature characteristics of the output values of chromel and constantan, which are a type of thermocouple, and platinum resistance, respectively (Reference: Hitoshi Fukuyo, Hajime Ogawa, Kazuyuki Tomarikawa, Electronic). Measurement (revised edition), P.297-
302, 1982, Jikkyo Publishing Co., Ltd. Furthermore, FIG. 12 shows the temperature characteristic of the output value of the positive temperature coefficient thermistor (reference: Tatsuo Fukaumi, Chapter 11, “Temperature Sensing”, Introduction to Sensor Engineering ( Seino Jiro and Kondo Shoji), P.150, 1
998, Morikita Publishing Co., Ltd. In both cases, the relationship between the output value and the temperature is represented by a straight line. By using these temperature measuring sensors, it is possible to measure the flow velocity of the fluid flowing in the pipeline under any condition from high temperature to low temperature. The present invention is
The temperature measuring element is not limited to the above-mentioned temperature sensing element, but may be applied as long as the temperature characteristic of the output value shows a linear relationship.

In claim 8, when the embodiment of the sensor body of the present invention is a probe or a column, the ratio of the heat conductivity of the heat insulator and the capsule which can be applied is described. In the present invention, when measuring the flow velocity of the fluid, the second capsule activates the heating / heating means so that the fluid flowing around the second capsule, the second probe, or the second column is introduced into the heating wire coil. Since the second thermometer sensor detects the temperature of the second capsule by removing the amount of heat corresponding to the amount of electric power, the thermal conductivity of the material used for each heat insulator is different for the same input amount of electric power. By using a material that is ¼ or less of that used for the capsule, the difference from the temperature detected by the first temperature sensing element sensor becomes large, and the flow velocity and the maximum flow rate can be accurately measured. Specifically, when magnesium, aluminum, silicon carbide, copper, silver, or gold is used for the capsule, the heat insulator may be stainless steel, inconel, porcelain, ceramics such as pottery, alumina, synthetic resin, wood, or the like. . The present invention is not limited to the material of the capsule and the material of the heat insulator described above, but can be applied as long as the ratio of the thermal conductivity of the heat insulator to that of the capsule is 1/4 or less.

[0047]

As described above, according to the velocity meter of the first aspect, since the fluid smoothly flows around the capsule, the velocity can be measured without generating a large pressure loss, and the cleaning can be performed. Not only various fluids but also various gases containing powder, soot and dust, suspensions, emulsion liquids,
It can also measure colored and opaque liquids.

According to the velocity meter of the second aspect, since the fluid smoothly flows around the probe, the velocity can be measured without generating a large pressure loss, and the fluid is not limited to a clean fluid. The flow velocity of various gases containing powder, soot and dust, suspensions, emulsion liquids, colored and opaque liquids, etc. can also be measured. Furthermore, if the sensor body is provided with corrosion resistance and / or heat resistance and / or pressure resistance, the flow velocity of the corrosive fluid and / or the fluid under high temperature and / or the fluid under high pressure can be measured. Of course, if cold resistance is added, the flow velocity of fluid at low temperatures can be measured.

Further, according to the velocity meter of claim 3,
Since it is easy to carry, the flow velocity of the air flow under the conditions of atmospheric pressure and normal temperature can be easily measured.

According to the velocity meter of the fourth aspect, since the sensor body and the support body are integrated into a structure, the velocity meter is robust and inexpensive.

Further, according to the velocity meter of claim 5,
Since the fluid smoothly flows around the column, the flow velocity can be measured without generating a large pressure loss, and it is not limited to a clean fluid, and various gases and suspensions containing powder, soot, dust, etc. Fluids such as emulsion liquids, colored and opaque liquids can also be measured. Furthermore, if the sensor body is provided with corrosion resistance and / or heat resistance and / or pressure resistance, the flow velocity of the corrosive fluid and / or the fluid under high temperature and / or high pressure can be measured. Of course, if cold resistance is added, the flow velocity of fluid at low temperature can be measured.

According to the anemometer of the sixth aspect, since the sensor body and the support body are integrated into a structure, the anemometer is robust and inexpensive.

Furthermore, according to the velocity meter of claim 7,
As the temperature sensor enclosed in the capsule, a piezoelectric element typified by a crystal unit that exhibits a linear relationship in the temperature characteristics of the output value, a thermocouple, a platinum resistance wire, or a thermistor can be applied, and it corresponds to the fluid temperature. By selecting the temperature measuring sensor, the flow velocity of the fluid under any temperature condition from high temperature to low temperature can be measured.

According to the anemometer of the eighth aspect, when the sensor body is a probe or a column, the thermal conductivity of the material used for the heat insulator should be 1/4 or less of that of the material used for the capsule. As a result, the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature sensing element sensor and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensing element sensor becomes large, so that the flow velocity of the fluid can be accurately measured.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a velocity meter according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a first probe of a sensor body of a velocity meter according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a velocity meter according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which a sensor body of a current meter according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is attached to a support body.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a state in which a sensor body of a current meter according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention is attached to a support body.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a schematic structure of a first column of a sensor body of a current meter according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state where a sensor body of a current meter according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention is attached to a support body.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state where a sensor body of a current meter according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention is attached to a support body.

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a temperature characteristic of a rate of change of a frequency, which is an output value of an LC-1 cut product and an NL _1-2 cut product of a crystal resonator, which is a kind of piezoelectric element.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing temperature characteristics of thermoelectromotive force with respect to platinum, which is an output value of chromel and constantan constituting a thermocouple.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a temperature characteristic of a ratio of resistance values which are output values of platinum resistors.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a temperature characteristic of a resistance change ratio which is an output value of a positive temperature coefficient thermistor.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 1st Capsule 2 Heating Capillary Coil of 1st Capsule 3 1st Temperature Measuring Sensor 4a, 4b Power Supply Connection Terminals 5a, 5b of 1st Capsulating Heating Wire Coil Output Terminal 6 of 1st Temperature Measuring Sensor 6 1st Capsule, Alternatively, the first probe, or the long axis 6'second capsule of the first column, or the second probe, or the long axis of the second column 7 The second capsule 8 The heating wire coil 9 of the second capsule 9 The second temperature sensing element sensor 10a , 10b Power supply connection terminals 11a, 11b of the heating wire coil of the second capsule 12 Output terminal of the second temperature sensing element 12 Long axis 13 of the second capsule 13 Sensor body 14 Streamline of fluid 15 Pipeline 16 First support 17 2nd support body 20 Display part 21 1st output converter 22 2nd output converter 23 Power supply part 24 Measuring instrument body

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) G01F 1/696 G01F 1/68 101A G01P 5/12 103A 201Z 102 (72) Inventor Kazuki Torikoshi Hiroshima Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 308-2, Miyagyo, Takayacho, Ichikawa, Japan (72) Masatoshi Yoshioka, 2-8-4 Gorita, Aso-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Shinwa Controls Co., Ltd. No. 4 F-term in Shinwa Controls Co., Ltd. (reference) 2F035 AA02 EA02 EA07 EA09

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A capped cylindrical first capsule including a first temperature sensing element sensor, which comprises a heating and heating means using an insulated heating wire coil, and a temperature characteristic of an output value shows a linear relationship, and the first capsule. A sensor body including a second capsule in which a second temperature sensing element sensor having the same characteristics as those of the first temperature sensing element sensor is enclosed and a long axis of each of the capsules is a fluid flowing in a pipe line. The first capsules are arranged at the upstream position and the second capsules are arranged at the downstream position with a space therebetween so as to be orthogonal to the streamline, and the heating / heating means of the first capsules is not operated. And means for operating the second capsule by energization to measure a difference between a first output value sent by the first temperature sensing sensor and a second output value sent by the second temperature sensing sensor. Hand to measure the amount of power input to the second capsule An anemometer comprising a measuring instrument body having a step. 2. The first capsule and the second capsule each have an end surface in the longitudinal direction which is insulatively treated and brought into close contact with a heat insulator, and each of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor The output terminal and the power supply connection terminal of each heating wire coil is a cylindrical container having a large axial ratio in which the capsule and the heat insulating body are connected to lead wires wired in a heat insulating body. The opening side end has a mechanism for bringing the stored capsule and the heat insulator into close contact with each other, and the opening side end from which the lead wire is taken out is sealed to have the same shape and the same size and the same material. The first probe is located at the upstream position and the second probe is located at the downstream so that the long axis of each of the probes is orthogonal to the streamline of the fluid flowing in the conduit. Placed at intervals and supported Attached to the body, the heating and temperature raising means of the first capsule is not operated, and that of the second capsule is operated by energization, and the first output value transmitted by the first temperature sensing sensor and the second measurement value are transmitted. Second sent by the temperature sensor
2. The velocity meter according to claim 1, wherein the velocity meter comprises a unit for measuring a difference in output value and a measuring instrument body for measuring an amount of electric power applied to the second capsule. 3. A shape for easily handling with one hand a measuring instrument body containing a means for measuring the difference between the first output value and the second output value and a means for measuring the amount of electric power input to the second capsule. The first probe according to claim 2 and the first probe according to claim 2, wherein the handle part is provided with a concave insertion port with a simple lock mechanism for inserting the probe from above, and the outlet part is attached to the bottom part of the insertion port. 2nd in 2
3. An adapter is attached to an end portion on the opening side for drawing out a lead wire of each probe, and a battery for power supply for heating the capsule and a display portion are housed in the handle portion. Current meter. 4. The first probe and the second probe, wherein the support body is a straight pipe having a short pipe length, and both ends thereof are provided with a joint of a type connectable to a joint joined in the middle of a pipe line, and projecting into the pipe. The length of is from 1/4 or more of the inner diameter to less than or equal to the inner diameter when the straight pipe having a short pipe length is a circular pipe, and when the straight pipe having a short pipe length is a rectangular pipe, the inner long side is 1/4
From the above, the length is equal to or less than the inner long side, the first probe is spaced at the upstream position and the second probe is spaced at the downstream position in the axial direction of the straight pipe having the short pipe length, and the axial center of the straight pipe having the short pipe length. And is attached to the straight pipe having the short pipe length so that the straight pipe having the short pipe length is integrated with the first probe and the second probe. The flowmeter according to claim 2, wherein the flowmeter is formed as a structure. 5. The first capsule and the second capsule each have both longitudinal end surfaces insulated and brought into close contact with a heat insulator, and each of the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor The output terminal and the power supply connection terminal of each heating wire coil are connected to the lead wire laid in each heat insulating body, and the shape is such that both ends storing the capsule and the heat insulating body are open. A first column which is a cylinder having a large ratio and which is provided with a mechanism for bringing the encapsulated capsule and the heat insulator into close contact with each other, and sealing both open end portions into the same shape and having the same size and the same material. And a second column, and the first column is located upstream and the second column is located downstream so that the long axis of each column is orthogonal to the streamline of the fluid flowing in the conduit. And place it in the streamline direction and attach it to the support The heating and temperature raising means of the first capsule is not operated, and that of the second capsule is operated by energization so that the first output value transmitted by the first temperature sensing sensor and the second temperature sensing sensor are The velocity meter according to claim 1, wherein the velocity meter comprises a means for measuring the difference between the transmitted second output values and a measuring instrument body for measuring the amount of electric power applied to the second capsule. 6. The support is a straight pipe having a short pipe length, and both ends thereof are provided with a joint of a type connectable to a joint joined in the middle of a pipe passage, and are orthogonal to the axis of the straight pipe having the short pipe length. Similarly, the first column and the second column are arranged so as to be spaced from each other in the axial direction of the straight pipe having the short pipe length and so as to pass through the axis of the straight pipe having the short pipe length. Attached to the straight pipe having the short pipe length so as to form a structure in which the straight pipe having the short pipe length is integrated with the first column and the second column. The flowmeter according to claim 5, characterized in that 7. The velocity meter according to claim 1, 2, or 5, wherein the temperature sensing element sensor is a piezoelectric element, a thermocouple, a platinum resistance wire, or a thermistor. 8. The velocity meter according to claim 2, wherein the thermal conductivity of the material of the heat insulator is 1/4 or less of that of the material of the capsule.