JP2003292390A - Method for manufacturing compost and fermentation promoting agent therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To circulate resources by effectively using plant garbage and provide a method capable of effectively manufacturing compost, and to obtain a fermentation promoting agent therefor. <P>SOLUTION: Pruned leaves and branches 10 are put on a soil 12 to give a first layer 14 of the pruned leaves and branches, and a fermentation promoting agent 16 is sprayed according to the component of the soil 12 and the kinds of activation bacteria in the soil 12. After passing a prescribed period, the first layer 14 is changed to a first compost layer 14 by fermentation. Additionally, new pruned leaves and branches 10 are put on the first compost layer 14 to give a second layer 24 of the pruned leaves and branches and the above fermentation promoting agent 16 is sprayed. After passing a prescribed period, the second layer 24 is changed to a second compost layer 24 by fermentation. This causes that incineration of the pruned leaves and branches 10 as waste is not needed and the pruned leaves and branches 10 can be effectively used for raw materials of the compost layers. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a compost manufacturing method for manufacturing compost using plant waste and a fermentation accelerator used therefor, and more specifically, it is most suitable for preventing soil erosion and desertification. The present invention relates to a compost manufacturing method and a fermentation accelerator used therein.

[0002]

Crop crops are regularly pruned, and
Pruning branches and leaves are scattered around the pruned trees and crops. If you leave the pruned branches and leaves as they are, the pruned branches and leaves will dive in the soil, so it will be convenient for the propagation of various bacteria,
Not good for crops.

Therefore, the pruned branches and leaves are generally cleaned up by a person who has carried out the pruning work and incinerated as a waste material.

If the pruned branches and leaves, and more broadly the plant waste, can be effectively used, the above-mentioned treatment becomes unnecessary and resources can be circulated for effective use. Further, it is also preferable in terms of suppressing the generation of CO _{2 and the} like with respect to the environmental problems that have become a noise in recent years. In addition, it can prevent soil erosion and desertification (potential productivity of living organisms is reduced or destroyed, and the soil eventually becomes desert-like), which has become an increasing problem in recent years. Connect

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In consideration of the above facts, the present invention is directed to a method for producing compost which efficiently circulates resources to produce compost efficiently by utilizing plant waste, and a fermentation accelerator used therefor. The challenge is to provide.

[0006]

In the invention according to claim 1, a compost layer is obtained by fermenting the plant waste by placing the plant waste on the soil and spraying a fermentation accelerator. It is characterized by forming.

[0007] The plant waste refers to waste such as pruned branches and leaves, mowed grass from turfgrass, residues at the time of vegetable harvest, straw, felled trees, driftwood, wood chips, and the like. When the plant waste is placed on the soil, it is preferable to cut it into a predetermined size, chip it, and place it on the soil from the viewpoint of producing a better compost layer.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the plant waste is rotted (that is, fermented and decomposed) to become compost. Therefore, it is not necessary to incinerate the plant waste as waste material. A compost layer that can be effectively used as a raw material for a compost layer and has high safety and high added value is obtained as an organic fertilizer. In addition to this, 1) Measures to prevent soil erosion due to rain and wind. 2) Since the water retention capacity of the soil can be increased, the difference between soil dryness and wetness can be reduced. 3) Since it does not use pesticides and does not add excessive chemical fertilizer, it helps prevent water pollution of rivers, ponds and groundwater. 4) Since the fertilizing power of soil can be increased, the amount of fertilizer applied can be reduced. 5) A variety of microorganisms reduce the damage to each crop. 6) Even if natural enemies such as pests and insects appear, it is sufficient to carry out cultivation with reduced pesticides, and the amount of pesticides used is significantly reduced compared to the conventional method. 7) The compost layer can be produced in a short period of time and can be easily implemented by the user himself. 8) The compost layer can be manufactured at a significantly low cost. 9) Lignin contained in plant waste can be sufficiently contained in compost. This lignin-rich organic matter enhances soil fertility as a bait that activates microorganisms, so it improves soil air permeability and water permeability, increases coarse porosity, and significantly improves soil physical properties. You can 10) It does not need to incinerate plant waste, which greatly contributes to the prevention of global warming. That effect can also be achieved.

When the above-mentioned fermentation accelerator is used, the fermentation action is promoted by taking into consideration the three major nutrients contained in soil, such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium, as well as magnesium oxide and iron. By adjusting the components of the fermentation accelerator, the fermentation rate can be further increased.

In a second aspect of the present invention, after a predetermined time has passed, the plant waste is further placed on the plant waste and the fermentation accelerator is sprinkled to form a compost layer over two or more layers. It is characterized by forming.

When the compost layers are formed so as to be successively stacked, the more layers are stacked, the easier the fermentation is. Therefore, the upper layers can be manufactured in a shorter period of time.

The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the predetermined period is about one year.

As a result, when pruning branches and leaves occur every year in a certain season (for example, autumn), the pruning branches and leaves of this year can be placed on the pruning branches and leaves of the last year, resulting in waste of the pruning branches and leaves. In addition to being difficult, it is easy to place the work.

The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the compost layer is formed while cultivating a crop in the soil.

The term “crop” as used herein means a large tree such as a fruit tree. According to the invention described in claim 4, the soil can be effectively used.

[0016] According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the plant waste is pruned branches and leaves of the crop.

As a result, the pruned branches and leaves produced by pruning the crop can be used as they are as a raw material for compost, so that it is not necessary to transport the pruned branches and leaves to another place, and the production efficiency of the compost is significantly increased.

In the invention according to claim 6, the soil is
A cultivation place for cultivating the crop, and a compost manufacturing place for forming the compost layer, divided into a period of a certain number of years, and the compost layer is formed at the compost manufacturing place while cultivating the crop at the cultivation place, After the fixed number of years has passed, the compost layer is formed at the cultivation place and the crop is grown at the compost manufacturing place.

The above-mentioned cultivation place and compost manufacturing place are often fields and cultivated land, and the fixed number of years is often 3 to 4 years.

According to the invention described in claim 6, since the soil is not continuously used as a cultivation place for a long period of time, it is possible to prevent the soil from being excessively exhausted.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, which is a fermentation accelerator used for fermenting plant waste placed on soil, wherein bran, okara, and activated bacteria are added to water. It is characterized by being composed of

As a method of using this fermentation accelerator, it is a general method to spray it on the plant waste. In order to store the fermentation accelerator, it is preferable to store it in a cool and dark place as much as possible in order to suppress the activity of the activated bacteria.

By using the fermentation accelerator according to claim 7, the activated bacteria are more actively activated by both the bran and the okara than in the case where the bran and the activated bacteria are added to the water. Fermentation of waste is more easily promoted. Therefore,
The plant waste can be successfully composted in a short period of time.
Lactic acid bacteria are often used as the activating bacteria.

The invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the bran is rice bran.

Since rice bran is produced in factories and the like due to the trend of unwashed rice, it is easy to obtain a large amount for industrial use. Therefore, the invention according to claim 8 facilitates the large-scale production of a fermentation accelerator.

According to a ninth aspect of the invention, the okara is added in a weight ratio of 1/5 to 1/20 times that of the rice bran.

As a result, the mixing ratio of rice bran and okara is
Because the mixing ratio is extremely easy for activated bacteria to ferment,
The rate of fermenting plant waste can be further increased.

[0028]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to embodiments.

[First Mode] First, the first mode will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D, in the present embodiment,
First, pruning branches 10 as plant waste are placed uniformly on the soil 12 with an appropriate thickness to form a first pruning branch layer 14;
Fermentation accelerator 16 is evenly dispersed over the entire surface (see FIG. 1 (A)).

As a result, the fermentation of the first pruning branch layer 14 proceeds by the fermentation accelerator 16 and the activating bacterium, and after the elapse of a predetermined period, the first pruning branch layer 14 becomes the first compost layer 14 in which a crop can be easily grown. (See FIG. 1B).

Further, the pruned branches and leaves 10 obtained by new pruning are uniformly placed on the first compost layer 14 with an appropriate thickness to form the second pruned branch and leaf layers 24, and the fermentation accelerator 16 described above.
Is evenly distributed over the entire surface (see FIG. 1 (B)).

As a result, the fermentation accelerator 16 and the activating bacteria further ferment the second pruned branch layer 24 after a predetermined period of time, and further ferment the first compost layer 14. As a result, the second pruned branch and leaf layer 24 changes to the second compost layer 24 in which it is easy to grow a crop, and the first compost layer 14 becomes a compost layer having a higher nutritional value (see FIG. 1C).

Further, the pruned branch leaves 10 obtained by new pruning are uniformly placed on the second compost layer 24 with an appropriate thickness to form the third pruned branch leaf layer 34, and the fermentation accelerator 16 described above.
Are evenly dispersed over the entire surface (see FIG. 1 (C)).

As a result, after the lapse of a predetermined period, the fermentation of the third pruned branch leaf layer 34 proceeds, and the first compost layer 14 and the second
Fermentation of the compost layer 24 proceeds further. As a result, the third pruning and leaf layer 34 changes into the third compost layer 34 in which it is easy to grow a crop, and the first compost layer 14 and the second compost layer 24 become compost layers having a higher nutritional value (FIG. 1). (D)).

Thereafter, the same process is repeated to sequentially form the compost layer.

As described above, according to the first embodiment,
A compost layer is composed of fermented pruned branches and leaves, and a simple process of evenly placing the pruned branches and spraying a fermentation accelerator allows the compost layer to be composed of multiple layers with high nutritional value (so-called multi-compost). Layer) can be easily obtained and does not cause environmental problems due to pruning branches and leaves.

Further, the compost layers are formed so as to be sequentially stacked, and the more layers are stacked, the more easily the fermentation is promoted. Therefore, when manufacturing multiple layers of compost layers, the upper layers are manufactured in a shorter period of time. it can. For example, when pruning branches and leaves are placed on the soil 12 (see FIG. 1 (A)), or when pruning branches and leaves are placed on one layer of the compost layer (FIG. 1 (B)).
Compared with the above, the fermenting rate of the pruned leaves is higher when the pruned leaves are placed on the three-layered compost layer (see FIG. 1D).

[Second Mode] Next, the second mode will be described. The second embodiment is an example in which a compost layer of pruned branches from the tree is formed around the tree while growing the tree such as pears.

As shown in FIG. 2, pear trees 41 are planted in the site. The pear tree 41 is pruned every year.

The pruned branches 40 produced by pruning are scattered on the soil 42 around the pear tree 41. After the scattered pruned leaves 40 have a uniform thickness to form the first pruned branch layer 44, the fermentation accelerator 46 according to the type of the activated bacteria that survives is uniformly dispersed in the soil 42 (see FIG. 2 ( See A)).
As an example of the fermentation accelerator 46, 90% by weight of the product name "rice milled rice" sold by Toyo Rice Milling Machine Co., Ltd., and 10% by weight of okara to form a mixture,
Further, water is added and lactic acid bacteria are added as an activating bacterium (ratio of the above mixture to water is about 3: 2).

As a result, the fermentation of the first pruned leaf layer 44 proceeds about one year later by the fermentation accelerator 46 and the activated bacteria.
As a result, the first pruning branch layer 44 changes to the first compost layer 44 that is preferable for the growth of the pear tree 41 (FIG. 2).
(See (B)).

Further, the pruned branches and leaves 40 obtained by pruning in the year (the next year shown in FIG. 2A) are placed uniformly on the first compost layer 44 with an appropriate thickness. A two-pruned branch and leaf layer 54 is formed, and the above fermentation accelerator 46 is evenly dispersed over the entire surface (see FIG. 2 (B)).

As a result, the fermentation of the second pruning branch layer 54 proceeds with the fermentation accelerator 46 and the activated bacteria, and
The compost layer 44 is further fermented. As a result, the second pruned branch and leaf layer 54 changes to the second compost layer that is preferable for the growth of the pear tree 41, and the first compost layer 44 becomes a compost layer having a higher nutritional value.

Thereafter, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the compost layer having the required number of layers is formed.

In the second embodiment, since the compost layer is formed while cultivating the crop, the soil can be used very effectively. In addition, since the compost layer is formed using the pruned branches and leaves that are generated when pruning the cultivated crop (pear tree), the compost layer can be formed efficiently.

If necessary, a pruning branch layer may be added to the net 4.
It may be covered with 8 (see FIG. 3). This can prevent the placed pruned branch layer from soaring even when the wind is strong, and the protein layer produced from the rice bran by fermentation is easily gelatinized and hardened. Moreover, although the pear tree has been taken as an example, the same effect can be obtained with other trees such as plum trees.

[Third Mode] Next, the third mode will be described. In this embodiment, the soil in the vinyl house is divided into a cultivation place for cultivating crops and a compost manufacturing place for forming a compost layer, and after a certain number of years, the roles of the cultivation place and the compost manufacturing place are changed. In this example, cultivation and compost production are alternately performed.

In the present embodiment, first, the field in the vinyl house 59 is divided into a first area 62A and a second area 62B so as to be elongated in one direction and parallel to each other (FIG. 4A).
reference).

Then, in the first area 62A, a crop (for example, tomato or strawberry) 61 is cultivated as a cultivation place, and in the second area 62B, pruned branches and leaves are piled up every year as a compost manufacturing place as described in the first embodiment. And spread the fermentation accelerator.

In this way, the first area 62A is used as a cultivation place for 3 to 4 years, and in parallel with this, the second area 62A is used.
A compost layer is formed in the area 62B. The pruning branches and leaves used for forming the compost layer are mainly the pruning branches and leaves of the crop 61 cultivated in the first region 62A, but other plant wastes are also used as necessary. In the second area 62A, the soil is cultivated by insects approaching the compost layer.

After the use for 3 to 4 years, as shown in FIG. 4 (B), the roles of the cultivation place and the compost producing place are changed, that is, the first area 62A is used as the compost producing place.
The second area 62B is used as a cultivation place.

As a result, the first area 62A and the second area 6 are formed.
2B is alternately used as a cultivation place every 3 to 4 years, and is not used as a cultivation place (3 to 4 years)
Then, since the compost layer is formed, the soil is prevented from being exhausted. Further, the first region 62A and the second region 62B are alternately provided in an elongated shape,
Pruned branches and leaves generated in the area used as a cultivation place, the area used as a compost manufacturing place, that is,
The compost layer is significantly easier to form as it can be stacked in the immediate area.

[Fourth Mode] Next, the fourth mode will be described. This embodiment is an example of manufacturing compost in a rose garden.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG.
The cultivation place is made elongated, and the pruned branches and leaves 70 generated by pruning the rose 71 are dropped in the area 73 adjacent to the cultivation place to be evenly stacked on the soil, and the fermentation accelerator is sprayed from above.

Further, the pruned branches and leaves 70 generated by pruning in the next year (the next year shown in FIG. 5A) are piled up with an appropriate thickness, and the fermentation accelerator is sprinkled.

By doing this for several years every year, good compost is produced.

Then, for example, Chinese cabbage field 76 near the rose garden
The manufactured compost 74 is transported to other locations and used (see FIG. 6). Thereby, the good organic fertilizer easily produced in the rose garden can be used in other fields (Chinese field).

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the embodiments, the above embodiments are merely examples, and various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Further, it goes without saying that the scope of rights of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

[0059]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, it is possible to effectively utilize plant waste to efficiently produce compost while recycling resources and protect the environment, and to compost plant waste satisfactorily in a short period of time. A fermentation accelerator that can be emulsified is realized. This greatly contributes to the prevention of soil erosion and desertification.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1A to FIG. 1D are side cross-sectional views of respective steps showing the production of compost in the first mode.

FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B are side cross-sectional views of respective steps showing manufacturing compost in the second mode.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing that a net is used as necessary in the second mode.

FIG. 4 (A) and FIG. 4 (B) are perspective views showing that the cultivation place and the compost manufacturing place are alternately used in the third mode.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a rose garden of a fourth mode.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing that the manufactured compost is used in a Chinese cabbage field in the fourth embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Pruned branches and leaves (plant waste) 12 soil 14 1st compost layer (compost layer) 16 Fermentation accelerator 24 Second compost layer (compost layer) 34 Third compost layer (compost layer) 41 Pear Tree (Crop) 44 First compost layer (compost layer) 46 Fermentation accelerator 61 crops 62A First area (cultivation place, compost manufacturing place) 62B Second area (cultivation place, compost manufacturing place) 70 Pruned branches and leaves (plant waste) 71 Roses (crops)

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A method for producing compost, which comprises forming a compost layer by fermenting the plant waste by placing the plant waste on soil and spraying a fermentation accelerator. 2. After a predetermined time has passed, the plant waste is further placed on the plant waste and the fermentation accelerator is sprinkled to form a compost layer over two or more layers. The compost manufacturing method according to claim 1. 3. The compost manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined period is about one year. 4. The compost manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the compost layer is formed while cultivating a crop on the soil. 5. The method for producing compost according to claim 4, wherein the pruned branches and leaves of the crop are mainly used as the plant waste. 6. The soil is divided into a cultivation place for cultivating the crop and a compost manufacturing place for forming the compost layer, and the crop is cultivated at the cultivation place for a certain period of time and the compost manufacturing is performed. The compost layer is formed at a place, and after the lapse of the certain number of years, the compost layer is formed at the cultivation place and the crop is cultivated at the compost manufacturing place. Method of manufacturing compost. 7. A fermentation accelerator used for fermenting plant waste placed on soil, which comprises water, bran, okara, and activating bacteria. A fermentation accelerator characterized by the following. 8. The fermentation accelerator according to claim 7, wherein the bran is rice bran. 9. The fermentation accelerator according to claim 8, wherein the okara is added in a weight ratio of 1/5 to 1/20 times that of the rice bran.