JP2003290738A - Recycling system for organic waste and organic waste water - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a recycling system for organic waste and organic waste water in which the organic waste and the organic waste water are recycled in a short period of time at a low cost without giving load on the environment. <P>SOLUTION: The recycling system for the organic waste and the organic waste water is constituted of a crusher 1 for mixing the organic waste with the organic waste water to convert the mixture into a slurry like material, a pyrolytic furnace 4 for oxidation-pyrolyzing the slurry like organic material at a high temperature under a high pressure to convert the material into an aqueous solution and carbon dioxide, a catalytic furnace 5 for converting the aqueous solution into inorganic materials by a catalyst, an impurity adsorption apparatus 10 for removing or reducing metallic components or inorganic nutrient salts contained in the aqueous solution made inorganic, an advanced water purification apparatus 11 for further removing the impurities remaining in the aqueous solution after the metallic components or the inorganic nutrient salts are removed or reduced to obtain high purity water, a carbon dioxide gas concentration apparatus 8 for selectively separating and concentrating the produced carbon dioxide, a carbon dioxide gas reduction apparatus 9 for producing methane gas and water by mixing the concentrated carbon dioxide with hydrogen and bringing the mixture into contact with a heated catalyst and the like. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention decomposes organic waste and organic wastewater to render them harmless and recycles organic waste and organic wastewater that can be used as water resources or energy sources. Recycling system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Food waste, organic waste such as human waste, and organic wastewater are currently decomposed by microorganisms after being dehydrated, incinerated by an incinerator after separation / dehydration, and the resulting incinerated ash is filled up or separated. -It is treated by methods such as landfill after dehydration.

However, each of these processing methods has the following problems.

First, in the decomposition treatment by microorganisms, excess activated sludge is generated, a bad odor is generated, and it is necessary to dehydrate the organic waste prior to the decomposition treatment. Therefore, it takes a lot of time to complete the treatment. There are problems such as the need for cost.

Further, the treatment by incineration produces harmful substances such as carbon dioxide gas, soot, dioxin, and nitrogen oxides, which requires a great deal of time and cost for dehydration, and is extensive for landfilling incinerated ash. There are problems such as the need for landfill.

Further, the landfill treatment has problems that a vast landfill is required and that the landfill causes foul odor and pollution of sewage.

As described above, the conventional methods for treating organic wastes and organic wastewater have problems that the treatment requires a great deal of expense and time, and that the environment is greatly burdened.

[0007] Therefore, the present invention provides an organic waste and organic wastewater treatment system which can treat organic waste and organic wastewater as a resource for a short time, at low cost and without giving an environmental load. To aim.

[0008]

[MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS] That is, an organic waste and organic wastewater recycling system according to the present invention comprises a crusher for mixing organic waste and organic wastewater to convert them into a slurry-like substance, and a slurry. Decomposition furnace that oxidatively decomposes organic matter at high temperature and high pressure to convert it into an aqueous solution and carbon dioxide gas, a catalytic furnace that mineralizes the aqueous solution with a catalyst, and removes or reduces metal components or inorganic nutrients contained in the mineralized aqueous solution. An impurity adsorbing device, an advanced water purification device that further removes impurities remaining in an aqueous solution from which metal components or inorganic nutrient salts have been removed or reduced, and a carbon dioxide gas that selectively separates and concentrates generated carbon dioxide gas Equipped with a concentrating device and a carbon dioxide reducing device that produces methane gas and water by mixing concentrated carbon dioxide gas with hydrogen gas and bringing it into contact with a heated catalyst. And said that you are. The organic waste and organic wastewater mentioned here are raw garbage, human waste, livestock excrement, paper, wood, cloth, organic industrial waste and medical waste, domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, livestock wastewater, aquaculture wastewater. Etc., such as solid and liquid.

As described above, by decomposing organic substances physicochemically, not by a biological method, organic waste and organic wastewater can be treated in an environment-friendly manner in a short time, and the decomposition products can be recycled as resources. Can be used.

Further, the decomposition furnace may be provided with a meniscus-shaped baffle plate, and the catalyst furnace may be one in which an aqueous solution is circulated and brought into contact with the catalyst using a high-pressure pressure pump and an air addition device, The impurity adsorption device may be provided with an adsorption tower in which zeolite is sealed, and the advanced water purification device may be provided with a reverse osmosis membrane made of a polymer filter.

By adopting such a structure of the decomposition furnace, the catalyst furnace, etc., organic waste and organic waste water can be decomposed efficiently.

Further, the recycling system for organic waste and organic waste water according to the present invention is provided with a heat reuse system for recovering and reusing waste heat generated in the decomposition furnace, the catalytic furnace and the carbon dioxide gas reduction device. Alternatively, it may be equipped with a power generation device for generating power using methane gas as a fuel, may be equipped with a plant cultivation device for cultivating plants, and may be equipped with a marine product cultivation device for cultivating seafood.

By providing these, the recycling system for organic waste and organic waste water can reduce the energy applied from the outside of the system and also reduce the amount of carbon dioxide gas generated by the operation of the system. , Can reduce the load on the environment.

[0014]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the overall structure of a system for recycling organic waste and organic waste water (hereinafter abbreviated as system) according to the present invention. As shown in this figure, the system is composed of various devices for decomposing organic waste and organic waste water to reuse resources, pipes, power lines, and the like. Therefore, first, the configuration of the main device will be described below.

The crusher 1 is provided with an input port for inputting organic waste and organic waste water in the upper part thereof, and
It is a substantially box-shaped container having a discharge port for discharging a slurry-like substance. Further, the crusher 1 is provided with a cutter (blade) that rotates at high speed and cuts organic waste under the charging port, and has a rotary blade that rotates relatively gently at the bottom thereof. It is equipped with a stirrer that mixes organic waste and organic wastewater to form a slurry-like substance.

The decomposition furnace 4 is a cylindrical closed type high-pressure vessel, and as shown in FIG. 2 which is a perspective view thereof, an inflow port 4a into which a slurry-like substance flows, and an air addition device 6 are provided at the bottom thereof. An air hole (not shown) through which air flows is provided, and a discharge port 4b for discharging the aqueous solution to the outside is provided on the upper surface thereof. Also, at the bottom,
An air diffuser plate 4c is attached to make the inflowing air into fine bubbles so that the air easily contacts the organic matter. Furthermore, a plurality of half-moon shaped plates (baffle plates) 4d are provided inside the tubular portion.
The plates are attached 90 degrees apart, and each plate is attached with an upward angle of several degrees (about 2 to 3 degrees). This allows organic substances and fine air bubbles to contact for a long time, and the decomposition furnace. A vortex flow can be created inside the vessel, and a stirring effect can be produced. In addition, a heating means (not shown) using an electric heater is provided on the outer shell of the decomposition furnace 4.
This heating means is mainly used to change (increase) the organic matter concentration during system startup and during operation.
It is used when you do.

The catalytic furnace 5 is a cylindrical closed high-pressure vessel similar to the cracking furnace 4, and like the cracking furnace, is provided with an inlet and an air hole on the bottom surface thereof, and has an upper surface to the outside. A discharge port is provided for discharging the aqueous solution. Further, similar to the decomposition furnace 4, an air diffuser plate and a heating means are provided, and a cylindrical portion thereof is filled with a catalyst. As the catalyst, it is possible to use granular or pelletized titania and alumina on which a noble metal such as ruthenium or palladium is carried. However, the catalyst is not limited to these, and catalysts such as platinum and zeolite can also be used.

The carbon dioxide concentrating device 8 is composed of an adsorption tower or the like in which zeolite for selectively adsorbing carbon dioxide is enclosed. Carbon dioxide is adsorbed at room temperature, and the adsorbed carbon dioxide can be separated by heating or depressurizing the zeolite or heating and depressurizing the zeolite, whereby carbon dioxide concentration and zeolite regeneration are repeated. be able to. Further, by providing two or more adsorption towers, it is possible to continuously separate and concentrate carbon dioxide gas. The zeolite used here is a natural, synthetic or artificial zeolite that selectively adsorbs carbon dioxide gas.

The carbon dioxide gas reduction device 9 comprises a reaction tube containing a catalyst (ruthenium catalyst), a heater, etc., and mixes carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas in a ratio of 4 moles of hydrogen gas to 1 mole of carbon dioxide gas. Then, the gas is passed through a reaction tube heated to about 300 ° C. to generate methane gas and water (Sabatier reaction). The reduction efficiency can be improved by increasing the proportion of hydrogen gas slightly. Further, since the Sabatier reaction is an exothermic reaction, the reaction spontaneously proceeds only by first heating the reaction tube with a heater, and the reaction heat can be recovered and used as a heat source.

The impurity adsorbing device 10 is composed of an adsorbing tower in which zeolite for removing metal ion components (cation components) and inorganic nutrient salts (anion components) or reducing the concentration thereof is enclosed. Zeolites as used herein are natural, synthetic or artificial zeolites that are positively or negatively charged. Further, the zeolite has a regenerating function, and by heating the zeolite, the adsorbed metal components and inorganic nutrient salts are released. The recovered metal ion components and inorganic nutrient salts can be reused as metal resources and fertilizers, and the zeolite adsorbing the inorganic nutrient salts can also be used as a soil improving material.

The advanced water purifier 11 has an inlet on the upper surface of a cylindrical case and an outlet on the bottom, and the outlet has a large number of small holes 47 on the outer circumference. Are connected. Further, a filter (reverse osmosis membrane) including a polyamide polymer membrane having a pore diameter of 0.0001 μm and a polysulfone membrane is wound around the discharge pipe. The filter can be backwashed, and the bottom surface of the cylindrical case is also provided with a wastewater port for discarding concentrated wastewater generated by the backwashing.

The power generator 14 is for generating power by using methane gas as a fuel. Specifically, a fuel cell for reforming methane gas to generate power, a methane gas is burned in a boiler to generate steam, and a generator is generated by the steam. Boiler generators that rotate and generate electricity, gas turbine generators that burn methane gas and rotate turbines to generate electricity.

The plant cultivating device 15 is like a plant factory for producing vegetables and fruit trees by hydroponic cultivation, for example, and in addition to this, a tropical botanical garden or aquarium utilizing waste heat generated from the decomposition furnace 4 or the like. And so on. Further, the fertilizer component and carbon dioxide gas may be supplied to a greenhouse or a cultivation facility for open-field cultivation, if necessary, instead of a complete closed cycle.

Although not shown, the cracking furnace 4, the catalytic furnace 5, and the carbon dioxide gas reduction device 8 are connected to a waste heat recovery system such as a heat pump, and the recovered heat is recovered in the heat exchanger 3. Used. In addition, the system is also provided with a high-pressure pressure pump 2, a heat exchanger 3, an air addition device 6, a gas-liquid separation device 7, and the like, which are the same as those conventionally used. Therefore, the description is omitted.

Next, a processing procedure for decomposing / reusing organic waste and organic wastewater by the system thus constructed will be described below.

(1) Crushing process First, the organic waste and the organic waste water are charged from the charging port of the crusher 1, crushed and mixed, and then discharged as a slurry-like substance from the discharge port. Then, the discharged slurry-like substance is sent to the heat exchanger 3 through the valve 12 using the high-pressure pressure pump 2, preheated by the heat exchanger 3, and then sent to the decomposition furnace 4.

(2) Oxidation and Decomposition Step The slurry-like substance fed into the decomposition furnace 4 is heated to a high temperature (250 to 300 ° C.) while a predetermined amount of air is added by the air addition device 6 in order to increase the oxidation efficiency. When heated, the contained organic matter is oxidatively decomposed and converted into an aqueous solution containing carbon dioxide gas and a small amount of organic matter that could not be decomposed. Then, the aqueous solution containing carbon dioxide and a small amount of organic matter that cannot be decomposed is continuously introduced into the catalyst furnace 5 as a mixed solution by the pressure of the high-pressure pressure pump 2. The waste heat generated in the decomposition furnace 4 is the heat exchanger 3
Will be collected by.

(3) Mineralization Step The organic matter contained in the mixed aqueous solution flowing into the catalytic furnace 5 is circulated and contacted with the catalyst using the air addition device 6 and further oxidatively decomposed to completely mineralize the mixed solution. . The mineralized aqueous solution passes through the heat exchanger 3 and the back pressure valve 13
Is introduced into the gas-liquid separator 7 by the pressure of the high-pressure pressure pump 2, separated into an aqueous solution and carbon dioxide, and sent to the impurity adsorption device 10 and the carbon dioxide gas concentrator 8, respectively. The waste heat generated in the catalytic furnace 5 is recovered by the heat exchanger 3.

By the way, (2) oxidative decomposition step and (3)
When the concentration of organic substances is high in the mineralization step, an oxygen addition device for adding pure oxygen may be used instead of the air addition device 6.

(4) Water Purification Step The mineralized aqueous solution is processed by the impurity adsorbing device 10.
A certain amount of metal component (cation) is removed by the negatively charged zeolite, and a certain amount of inorganic nutrient salts (anion) is removed by the positively charged zeolite and sent to the advanced water purifier 11 as purified water. . The purified water sent to the advanced water purification device 11 contains a small amount of impurities that cannot be completely removed by the zeolite, but by removing the impurities with the advanced water purification device 11, the highly purified water that meets the required level can be obtained. Made In addition, the concentrated wastewater generated in the advanced water purification device 11 is
It is thrown into the crusher 1.

(5) Carbon dioxide gas recycling step The carbon dioxide gas separated from the aqueous solution in the gas-liquid separator 7 is separated and concentrated by adsorption and separation by the carbon dioxide gas concentrator 8.
After being sent to the carbon dioxide gas reduction device 9 and being added with hydrogen gas, it is reduced and converted into methane gas and water. Then, the methane gas is sent to the power generation device 14, and the water generated together with the methane gas joins the impurity adsorption device 10.
The waste heat generated in the carbon dioxide gas reduction device 9 is recovered by the heat exchanger 3. Further, the gas after the carbon dioxide gas is removed by the carbon dioxide gas concentrating device (gas mainly consisting of oxygen and nitrogen) is discharged to the outside of the system.

(6) Power Generation Process and Carbon Dioxide Reuse Process The methane gas sent from the carbon dioxide reduction device 9 is used as fuel for the power generation device 14, and the generated electric power is used in each process of the system. Further, the carbon dioxide gas generated from the power generation device 14 is sent to the plant factory and is used for plant growth by photosynthesis. Furthermore, the plant waste and wastewater generated in the plant cultivation device are put into the crusher 1 and reused.

As described above, with this system, high-purity water, metal components, agricultural fertilizers or soil conditioners (zeolite with adsorbed inorganic nutrients), and electric power can be quickly and efficiently supplied from organic waste and organic wastewater. It could be generated without imposing any load on the environment.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the technical scope of the invention described in the claims.

For example, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the generated methane gas is used as a fuel for power generation, but it may be used as a raw material for chemicals. In the above system, the fertilizer for agriculture or the soil improving material (zeolite with adsorbed inorganic nutrients) generated by the system was used in the plant cultivation device in the system, but it was used in the plant cultivation device or the field outside the system. You may do it.

As the advanced water purifier, in addition to those described in the above-mentioned embodiments, a filter made of activated carbon or other polymer membrane may be used in combination to obtain a more advanced water purifier. Obtainable.

Furthermore, a seafood cultivating device utilizing the high-purity water produced by the high-performance water purifying device may be added to cultivate the seafood.

In addition, this system can be used by installing it on the ground as in the above-mentioned embodiment, and can also be used in a closed system such as a submarine, a spacecraft, a lunar base, and a Mars base.

[0040]

As is clear from the above description, according to the present invention, organic substances can be decomposed physicochemically, not by a biological method, so that organic waste and organic wastewater are environmentally friendly, It can be processed in a short time, and the decomposition products can be reused as resources.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flow sheet outlining one embodiment of a system.

FIG. 2 is a cutaway view showing an outline of an embodiment of a decomposition furnace.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 crusher 2 High pressure pump 3 heat exchanger 4 Decomposition furnace 5 catalytic furnace 6 Air addition device 7 Gas-liquid separator 8 Carbon dioxide concentrator 9 Carbon dioxide reduction device 10 Impurity adsorption device 11 Advanced water purification equipment 12 valves 13 Back pressure valve 14 generator 15 Plant cultivation equipment

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C02F 1/44 C02F 11/08 4D050 1/74 101 H02P 9/04 Z 4D059 11/08 B09B 3/00 304H 5H590 H02P 9/04 ZABZ (72) Inventor Mitsuo Oguchi 1-11-5 Kamishinjo, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture (72) Inventor Yoshisato Maeda 1-2-2, Fujishirodai, Suita City, Osaka Prefecture B24-307 (72) Inventor Mitsuru Kubota No. 105 F-term, Corp. Moromi-sato, 331, Hirakawa, Gushikawa-shi, Okinawa Prefecture (reference) AB14 BA07 BC01 CA01 DB05 DB23 4D050 AA12 AA17 AB11 BB01 BC01 BC02 BC06 BD06 CA06 CA09 CA20 4D059 AA01 AA07 AA30 BC04 BK11 CA21 CC 01 5H590 AA02 AA30 CA08 CA21 CE01

Claims (9)

[Claims] 1. A crusher for mixing organic waste and organic wastewater to convert into a slurry-like substance, a decomposition furnace for oxidizing and decomposing slurry-like organic matter at high temperature and high pressure to convert into an aqueous solution and carbon dioxide gas, A catalytic furnace for mineralizing an aqueous solution with a catalyst,
Impurity adsorption device that removes or reduces metal components or inorganic nutrient salts contained in the mineralized aqueous solution, and advanced water purification that further removes impurities remaining in the aqueous solution from which metal components or inorganic nutrient salts have been removed or reduced A water purifier, a carbon dioxide concentrator that selectively separates and concentrates the generated carbon dioxide, and a carbon dioxide reduction device that produces methane gas and water by mixing the concentrated carbon dioxide with hydrogen gas and bringing it into contact with a heated catalyst. And a recycling system for organic waste and organic wastewater. 2. The recycling system for organic waste and organic waste water according to claim 1, wherein the decomposition furnace is provided with a meniscus-shaped baffle plate. 3. The recycling system for organic waste and organic waste water according to claim 1, wherein the catalytic furnace circulates and contacts the aqueous solution with the catalyst using a high-pressure pressure pump and an air addition device. 4. The recycling system for organic waste and organic waste water according to claim 1, wherein the impurity adsorbing device includes an adsorption tower in which zeolite is enclosed. 5. The recycling system for organic waste and organic waste water according to claim 1, wherein the advanced water purification device comprises a reverse osmosis membrane made of a polymer filter. 6. A heat reuse system for recovering and reusing waste heat generated in a decomposition furnace, a catalyst furnace, and a carbon dioxide gas reduction device, according to any one of claims 1 to 5. A recycling system for the described organic waste and organic wastewater. 7. A power generation device for generating power using methane gas as a fuel, according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
2. A recycling system for organic waste and organic wastewater according to any one of 1. 8. The recycling system for organic waste and organic wastewater according to claim 1, further comprising a plant cultivation device for cultivating a plant. 9. The recycling system for organic waste and organic wastewater according to claim 1, further comprising an aquaculture device for aquaculture of seafood.