JP2003286119A - Method for biologically controlling fruit tree anthracnose with streptomyces - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for separating a microorganism (streptomyces sp.) antagonistic to fruit tree streptomyces, to provide a method for proliferating the microorganism in a large amount, to provide a method for making a biological control agent, and to provide a method for mixing with a chemical agent and spraying the mixture. <P>SOLUTION: This streptomyces separated from a livestock excreta compost and then cultured can be proliferated in a large amount by subjecting the streptomyces to a shaking culture in a chitin-added livestock excreta compost extract solution. The microorganism-controlling agent utilizing the antibiotic, spore germination-inhibiting, and lytic actions of the separated microbe (streptomyces) can be made. The microorganism-controlling agent can mixed with a spreader and then sprayed on the foliages of fruit trees to control the fruit tree anthracnoses. The Streptomyces-cultured solution can be mixed with an agrochemical (benomyl, iminocutadine albesilate) and then sprayed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for biologically controlling anthracnose of fruit trees using actinomycetes ( Streptomyces sp.), And its antagonistic microorganism ( Streptomyces sp.) Separation method, proliferation method,
The present invention relates to a method for producing a microbial control agent, a method for mixing and spraying with a drug, and a method for controlling the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Mango production in Okinawa Prefecture has been increasing year by year, and together with citrus fruits, it has a production value of over 2 billion yen.
In addition to this, it is also an important fruit tree cultivation item in the prefecture, including loquat and papaya. This is a serious problem especially in ripe mango, where the disease is remarkable, and in loquat, the disease is severe immediately before harvesting.

Generally, chemical control is used to control this disease. This method has immediate effect and is highly effective, but has serious problems such as generation of drug-resistant bacteria, influence on humans and animals, and environmental load.

In order to ameliorate or solve these problems, in recent years, there has been a strong demand for the development of a sustainable control technique using an eco-friendly control technique.

Environmentally friendly sustainable control techniques include cultivated control, biological control, etc., but biological control methods using natural enemy microorganisms or antagonistic microorganisms have a small environmental load and have little impact on humans and animals.

As described above, the biological control method has been attracting attention, but actinomycetes have not been used as a microorganism having an antagonistic action against anthracnose of fruit trees.

[0007]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is intended to establish an environmental conservation type control technology for anthrax disease occurring in fruit trees, and separates an antagonistic microorganism against fruit tree anthrax disease from compost, An object of the present invention is to realize a biological control method effective for anthrax disease using the microorganism, a mass culture method for the microorganism, and a biological control material using the microorganism.

[0008]

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have separated actinomycetes from livestock manure compost applied to fruit trees, and as a result of intensive studies, Streptomyces It was found that the bacterium ( Streptomyces sp.) Has an effective control action against anthrax disease, and developed an effective application method and a large-scale culture method, and completed the present invention.

Actinomycetes ( Streptomyces sp.) Is separated from livestock manure compost, shake-cultured with livestock manure compost extract to grow in large quantities, and after addition of chitin and a spreading agent, leaves of fruit trees are added. , And fruits, the effect is equal to or superior to the registered pesticides.

The present invention is also directed to the biological control of anthracnose of fruit trees utilizing the ability of actinomycetes ( Streptomyces sp.) To cause antibiotics, lytic action, inhibition of conidial germination and swelling and decay. This is a method, and an effective biomaterial can be produced by utilizing this microbial action, and it can be mixed and sprayed with a drug.

Further, in the present invention, antagonistic microorganisms (actinomycetes, Streptomyces: Strept) isolated from livestock manure compost are used.
A large-scale breeding method can be provided by using a livestock manure compost extract of omyces sp.).

The present invention also provides a biocontrol agent effective against anthrax which can be applied to fruit trees by adding chitin / spreading agent to the above-mentioned actinomycete culture solution.

Further, the above-mentioned biocontrol agent can be mixed and sprayed with a chemical agent (component name: benomyl, imitadine albesylate) and can provide a mixable concentration.

The microbial agent produced in the present invention is effective against anthrax disease of fruit trees (mango, mandarin orange, loquat, papaya, etc.), and can be provided as an agent for controlling anthrax disease of plural fruit trees.

Since the agent of the present invention has been found to be effective against mango sclerosis and chrysanthemum anthracnose, it can be provided as a controlling agent against these diseases.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

Fruit anthracnose is a serious problem because it causes lesions on fruits to be commercialized and loses commercial value, and it is very important to establish a solution. Also,
In recent years, there is a great need for environmentally friendly agriculture, and it is therefore necessary to develop a control method using an environmentally friendly method.
Therefore, in the present invention, first, the search and isolation of antagonistic microorganisms against anthracnose of fruit trees were performed.

In mango cultivation, cow dung compost is generally used as an organic substance to be applied. Therefore, as a result of separating microorganisms from cow dung by the dilution plate method using albumin medium, only 6 strains of actinomycetes were isolated.

As a result of examining the antagonistic activity against Mango anthracis bacterium by a simple confrontation culture using these 6 isolated strains, it was found that 2 strains show strong antagonisticity.

Strains with particularly strong antagonistic properties ( Streptomyces sp.) And Mango anthracnose ( Colletot)
richum gloeosporioides ), as a result of confrontation culture, 53.
It was found to show a 3% hyphal elongation inhibition rate.

There, actinomycetes (Streptomyces: St
reptomyces sp.) was cultivated in PSA medium for 2 weeks (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), 70% ethanol-extracted extract was added to PDA medium, and this was punched out from a culture dish of Mango anthracnose (Fig. 5). As a result of inoculation with agar discs and conidia, it was found that a mycelial elongation inhibition rate of 78.6% and spore germination inhibition or collapse of almost 100% were caused (FIGS. 6, 7, and 9 to 11). .

Next, 1% chitin-containing agar medium (2% agar) was added to actinomycetes ( Streptomyces s).
As a result of inoculation with spores of p.
(Fig. 4).

Further, two kinds of spreading agents (agent 1: polyoxyethylenehexantan fatty acid ester, agent 2: polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether, calcium ring stenoate) were added to the PDA medium, and actinomycetes (Streptomyces) were added. It was found that the growth and sporulation of the bacterium ( Streptomyces sp.) Were not inhibited (Figs. 12 and 13).

From the above results, cow dung compost extract (5%)
200 ml of the culture solution containing chitin was placed in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask, inoculated with actinomycetes, shake cultured (120 reciprocations per minute, 25 ° C. condition), and after 5 days, diluted with an albumin medium. As a result of measuring the number of spores by the method, it was found that 10 ¹⁰ or more spores were formed per 1 ml.

Thus, by adding a spreading agent to a medium in which chitin was added to the cow dung manure extract and the actinomycetes were shaken and cultured, a large amount of actinomycetes ( Streptomyces sp.) Was proliferated and a microbial control material was prepared. It has become possible.

Further, benomyl (100, 1000 ppm: equivalent to a commonly used dilution ratio) applied to anthracnose of fruit trees and imectadine albesylate (10000).
ppm: higher than the dilution ratio normally used) on the medium added actinomycete (Streptomyces: Strept
It was found that the growth of omyces sp.) was not inhibited (Figs. 14 and 15).

That is, it is possible to apply these chemical agents by mixing them with a biocontrol material for Streptomyces sp. As a result of spraying the produced biocontrol material with a shoulder type sprayer or a power sprayer, it was possible to spray.

[0028]

EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Chitin (0.5%) in cow dung compost extract (5%)
%) And a spreading agent (converted into 15 ml per 10 l) were added to actinomycetes to inoculate and grow the culture, which was then sprayed on mango leaves and fruits, and inoculated with mango anthracnose. As a result of investigating the severity of disease,
A high control effect of 100% was obtained. As a result of comparing the effects of cow dung alone, cow dung plus chitin, cow dung, chitin and a spreading agent, the control effect was particularly high when cow dung, chitin and a spreading agent were included. (FIG. 16, FIG. 17).

Therefore, it was judged that the method of preparing a culture solution using the above three and culturing the actinomycete (Streptomyces bacterium) is most effective for the control of mango anthrax disease.

Other fruit trees (loquat, mandarin orange, papaya, etc.)
Anthracnose and actinomycete of Streptomyces
yces sp.) as a result of confrontation culture, 50.8% against Loquat anthracis bacterium and 62.5% against Anthracnose citrus .
A mycelial elongation inhibition rate of 51.5% was found against Papaya anthrax bacterium, and a strong antagonistic activity to any pathogenic bacterium was found to be equal to or higher than that of mango anthrax bacterium (Fig. 8). ). Therefore, it was judged that the agent of the present invention is effective against anthrax bacterium other than mango anthracnose.

[0032]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY In the present invention described in detail above, it is possible to grow a large amount of actinomycetes ( Streptomyces sp.) With a livestock compost extract containing chitin and to prepare a spraying agent. By using actinomycetes, which have spore germination inhibition and bacteriolytic action, as a microbial control agent, it is possible to control anthracnose of fruit trees, and this agent is mixed with agents (benomyl, imectadine albesylate). It is possible to spray.

Therefore, not only the environmental conservation type disease control without the use of chemical agents is possible, but it is also applicable to pesticide reduction. It can also contribute significantly to the creation of new industries that will replace chemical control technology.

[Brief description of drawings]

[Fig. 1] Streptomyces
sp.) microbiota.

[Fig. 2] Streptomyces
sp.) aerial hyphae.

[Fig. 3] Streptomyces
sp.) grows in a lawn of Bacillus anthracis.

[Fig. 4] Streptomyces
sp.) showing the ability to decompose chitin.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing normal conidia germination of Mango anthracnose.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing inhibition of conidial germination of Mango anthracnose.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing swelling and disintegration of conidia of Mango anthracnose.

FIG. 8 is a view showing a table of the effect of actinomycetes on the hyphal elongation of B. anthracis bacterium (anti-culture).

FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a table of the influence of a culture extract of Streptomyces sp. On actin hyphae of Mango anthracnose.

FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a table of Experiment 1 of the effect of a Streptomyces sp. Culture extract on spore germination of Mango anthracnose (7 days after spore inoculation).

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a table of Experiment 2 of the effect of a culture extract of actinomycete (Streptomyces bacterium) on spore germination of Mango anthracnose (7 days after spore inoculation).

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a table of the influence of a spreading agent (polyoxyethylene hexitane fatty acid ester) on the growth and sporulation of actinomycetes (Streptomyces bacterium).

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a table of the effect of a spreading agent (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) on the growth and sporulation of actinomycetes (Streptomyces).

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a table of the effect of benomyl on the growth of actinomycetes (Streptomyces).

FIG. 15 is a view showing a table of the effect of iminoctadine albesylate on the growth of actinomycetes (Streptomyces).

[Fig. 16] Manganese anthracnose (leaf) of microbial control agent
It is the figure which showed the table of the control effect with respect to.

FIG. 17 is a view showing a table of the controlling effect of the microbial control agent on mango anthracnose (fruit).

Continued front page    (72) Inventor Yasumi Nasu             Okinawa Prefecture Naha City Shurisakiyama Town 4-222 Okinawa Prefecture             Agricultural experimental station (72) Inventor Atsushi Oshiro             Okinawa Prefecture Naha City Shurisakiyama Town 4-222 Okinawa Prefecture             Agricultural experimental station (72) Inventor Mika Uehara             Okinawa Prefecture Naha City Shurisakiyama Town 4-222 Okinawa Prefecture             Agricultural experimental station F-term (reference) 4H011 AA01 BB21 DA13 DD03

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A actinomycete ( Streptomyces sp.) Isolated from livestock manure compost, which has a biocontrol action against a pathogen of anthracnose of fruit trees. 2. A method for controlling anthrax of fruit trees, which comprises culturing the actinomycete according to claim 1 and spraying it on the foliage of fruit trees to drive out the pathogen. 3. A method for cultivating a large amount of actinomycetes, which comprises inoculating a livestock manure compost extract with the actinomycete according to claim 1, and culturing the mixture in a shaking manner to cause large-scale growth. 4. A biocontrol agent, wherein chitin is added to the livestock manure compost extract obtained by culturing and inoculating the actinomycete according to claim 1. 5. A biocontrol agent, which is obtained by mixing the biocontrol material according to claim 4 with a chemical agent having a control action against anthracnose of fruit trees.