JP2003265050A - Method of disinfection for soil - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of disinfection for soil usable without restriction on time and place caused by temperature of the soil and water-holding capacity of a farm field. <P>SOLUTION: The method of disinfection for soil covering the upper face of the soil 1 with a sealing material 3 after putting undecomposed organic materials to the soil 1 and then irrigating, feeds warm water 2 to the soil 1 in the covered situation with the sealing material 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a soil disinfecting method for disinfecting soil in a field, for example.

[0002]

^2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional soil disinfection method, wheat bran bran is added to cultivated soil at a depth of 15 cm per 1000 m ^2.
There is one in which ˜2 t is put and cultivated, water is immediately irrigated to about 100 mm, and finally covered with a vinyl sheet.

According to the above soil disinfection method, the soil can be sterilized only by leaving it in a state of being covered with the vinyl sheet. That is, oxygen in the soil is consumed with the spoilage of the bran, and the microorganisms harmful to the crops fall into oxygen deficiency and die.

[0004]

However, in the above soil disinfection method, the temperature of the soil is 25 ° C. or higher (preferably 30 ° C.).
Since there is a need to keep the temperature above ℃, there is a problem that it can be implemented only at the time and place where this condition is satisfied (for example, when the temperature is high such as summer).

Further, the soil disinfection method requires a water content of 26% or more in the field, and there is a problem that it cannot be carried out unless the field can maintain this value.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and its object is to carry out without restrictions on time and place due to soil temperature and restrictions on water capacity of field. It is to provide a soil disinfection method that can.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the soil disinfecting method of the present invention is a method for disinfecting soil, in which undegraded organic matter is added to the soil and water is applied, and then the upper surface of the soil is sealed. In the method of disinfecting soil, the hot water is supplied to the soil in a state of being covered with the sealing body (claim 1).

A plurality of irrigation pipes having a large number of holes may be arranged on the surface of the soil to supply hot water to the soil through the holes (claim 2).

According to the above construction, it is possible to provide a soil disinfecting method which can be carried out without being restricted by the time and place caused by the soil temperature and the water capacity of the field.

Further, the temperature in the soil may be detected, and when the temperature becomes lower than a predetermined value, hot water may be supplied to the soil (claim 3). In this case, it is possible to supply the minimum amount of hot water to the soil,
It is possible to suppress the amount of hot water supplied and the amount of energy required for heating to turn the water into hot water.

Further, the closed body may have a multi-layer structure including a blocking layer for blocking the permeation of moisture and a heat retaining layer for imparting heat retaining property to the closed body (claim 4). In this case, it is possible to effectively prevent the temperature of the soil from lowering, and it is possible to further reduce the amount of energy required to heat the water into hot water.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a structure of a soil disinfecting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a structure of a main part of the soil disinfecting method. In the soil disinfection method, wheat bran as undegraded organic matter is added to soil 1 such as cultivated soil at a depth of 1
1000 m in the range of 0 to 20 cm (for example, 15 cm)
Put 1 to ² t per ^{2 to} cultivate (plow) sufficiently and immediately irrigate about 50 to 150 mm (for example, 100 mm), and then make the top surface (surface) of the soil 1 covered with the sealing body 3. , In this state, 2 hot water against 1 soil
Is to be supplied.

Further, in the soil disinfection method, a plurality of irrigation pipes 4, 4, ... Having a large number of holes are arranged on the surface of the soil 1,
The hot water 2 is supplied to the soil 1 through the holes, and the supply of the hot water 2 to the soil 1 detects (monitors) the temperature in the soil 1 constantly or at regular intervals, and the temperature is determined to be a predetermined value. This is done when the temperature becomes lower than the temperature (for example, 25 ° C., preferably 30 ° C.).

In the soil disinfection method, the heating unit 6 for heating the water sent from the water supply source (not shown) through the water supply pipe 5 and the hot water from the heating unit 6 are used. A hot water supply unit 7 for supplying the soil, a temperature sensor 8 arranged in the soil 1, and a flow rate of the hot water sent from the heating unit 6 to the hot water supply unit 7 based on a signal from the temperature sensor 8. The soil disinfection device D provided with the control part 9 which controls is implemented.

The temperature of the hot water 2 supplied to the soil 1 is, for example, 45 to 60 ° C. (50 ° C. in this embodiment).

As the undecomposed organic matter, for example, conuka or sugar cane meal may be used in addition to the wheat bran.

The sealing body 3 is formed in a sheet shape and has a multi-layer structure including a blocking layer 3a for blocking the permeation of moisture and a heat retaining layer 3b for keeping the sealing body 3 warm. There is. And the said sealing body 3 is arrange | positioned and comprised so that the said blocking layer 3a may become the lowermost side. The closed body 3 may be arranged and configured such that the heat retaining layer 3b is on the bottom side.

The barrier layer 3a is made of, for example, a vinyl sheet, and the heat insulating layer 3b is made of a material excellent in heat insulating property in a sheet shape. The heat insulating layer 3b may be an air layer. In this case, for example, two layers of the blocking layer 3a are provided, and an air layer is formed between the two blocking layers 3a and 3a. do it.

The irrigation pipe 4 has heat resistance and corrosion resistance. The irrigation pipe 4 may be formed using, for example, a flexible synthetic resin hose (tube), or may be formed using a non-flexible metal pipe. .

Further, irrigation from each irrigation pipe 4 is performed by drawing hot water from the holes, but in this embodiment, the hot water is drip (dropped) from the holes. With such a configuration, it becomes possible to irrigate the soil with hot water more evenly.

The heating section 6 is composed of a boiler (not shown) having a means for burning petroleum as a heating means for heating water. In addition, the heating unit 6 is not limited to the boiler having the above-described configuration.
As a heating means for heating water, a water heater such as a so-called gas type instantaneous water heater having a means for burning gas (not shown) may be used, and in this case, it is shown in FIG. As described above, the gas cylinder 6 a for supplying the gas to the heating unit 6 may be connected to the heating unit 6.

The heating unit 6 is constructed so that the temperature of the hot water discharged from the inside thereof is, for example, 45 to 60 ° C. (50 ° C. in this embodiment).

On the soil 1, the hot water supply unit 7 is
The plurality of irrigation pipes 4, 4 ... Arranged and placed at intervals of 50 cm so as to be substantially parallel to each other, and each irrigation pipe 4
Hot water supply pipe 10 to which one end (upstream end) of is connected.

The hot water supply pipe 10 is connected to the heating part 6 through a connecting pipe 11. The hot water 2 from the heating part 6 passes through the connecting pipe 11 and then the hot water supplying pipe 10
Then, the hot water that has reached the hot water supply pipe 10 is sent to the hot water supply unit 7, and finally, the hot water 2 is supplied to the soil 1 from the holes of each irrigation pipe 4 of the hot water supply unit 7. .

The hot water supply pipe 10 and the connecting pipe 1
Similar to the irrigation pipe 4, 1 has heat resistance and corrosion resistance.

Further, in the upstream portion of the connecting pipe 11,
A flow rate adjusting unit 11 for adjusting the flow rate of hot water flowing through the inside.
a is provided. Here, in this embodiment, the flow rate adjusting unit 11a is a valve such as a two-way solenoid valve, and the heating unit 6 is used.
It serves as a switching means for switching between a supply state in which the hot water 2 is supplied to the hot water supply unit 7 and a stop state in which the hot water 2 is not supplied. In addition, the flow rate adjusting unit 11a,
Although it may be provided on the downstream side of the heating unit 6 such as the connection pipe 11, it may be provided on the upstream side of the heating unit 6 such as the downstream portion of the water supply pipe 5.

The temperature sensor 8 has a soil depth of 10-2.
Placed at a position of about 0 cm (15 cm in this embodiment)
It is buried and is configured to measure the temperature of soil (ground temperature) constantly or at regular intervals and output the measured value as a signal to the control unit 9.

The control section 9 is electrically connected to the temperature sensor 7 and the flow rate adjusting section 11a provided on the downstream side of the heating section 6. Then, the control unit 9 controls the flow rate adjusting unit 11a (for example, opens and closes the valve forming the flow rate adjusting unit 11a) based on the output from the temperature sensor 7, whereby the hot water supply unit 7 is operated. The flow rate of the hot water 2 sent to is adjusted. In the present embodiment, this flow rate adjustment is performed by switching between the supply state and the stop state.

Next, the soil disinfection device D having the above structure
A method for carrying out the soil disinfection method using is described. First, for the soil 1, the wheat bran bran is put in the soil 1
1 to ² t per 1000 m ² within a range from the surface to a depth of 15 cm to sufficiently cultivate, and immediately place the irrigation pipes 4, 4 of the hot water supply part 7 on the surface of the soil 1 as appropriate. Then, irrigation of about 100 mm is performed from each irrigation pipe 4. Here, as the irrigation water, unheated water at room temperature may be used, or hot water heated by the heating unit 6 may be used. Further, the irrigation may be performed by a general irrigation method instead of using the irrigation pipes 4, 4.

After the irrigation, the temperature sensor 8 is embedded in the soil 1 at a depth of 15 cm. The temperature sensor 8 may be embedded at the same time when the irrigation pipes 4, 4, ... Are arranged.

Subsequently, the upper surface (surface) of the soil 1 is covered with the sealing body 3 so that the temperature in the soil 1 does not fall below a predetermined temperature (for example, 30 ° C.) in such a state of being covered. By maintaining it, the bran is putrefaction. That is, when the temperature in the soil 1 becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, the temperature sensor 8 sends a signal to the control unit 9, and the control unit 9 controls the flow rate adjusting unit 11a based on this signal. The hot water 2 from the heating unit 6 is sent to the hot water supply unit 7, and the hot water 2 is supplied to the soil 1 from each irrigation pipe 4 of the hot water supply unit 7.

The hot water 2 may be supplied to the soil 1 for a predetermined time, or a signal may be sent to the control unit 9 when the temperature sensor 8 detects a temperature higher than a predetermined temperature (for example, 50 ° C.). By sending the hot water 2 to the soil 1, the control unit 9 stops the hot water 2 from the heating unit 6 to the hot water supply unit 7 based on this signal. You may

The temperature control of the soil 1 by the soil disinfecting apparatus D is performed for a certain period (for example, about 15 days).

According to the soil disinfecting method having the above structure, the temperature of the soil 1 can be prevented by lowering the temperature of the soil 1 by supplying the hot water 2. Therefore, there are restrictions on the time and place (region) caused by the soil temperature. It is possible to carry out soil disinfection without receiving it.

In the conventional soil disinfection method, the temperature of the soil 1 is affected by the natural environment and the like, so that the vinyl sheet needs to be covered for 20 to 30 days. According to this, the temperature of soil 1 is always 30 ° C.
Since it can be maintained above, the reducing and disinfecting effect of the soil 1 can be remarkably enhanced and the treatment period can be shortened, which can be reduced to 15 days or less, which is half of the conventional one.

Further, in the soil disinfecting method having the above-mentioned constitution, since the irrigation (irrigation treatment) is carried out immediately after the introduction of the undecomposed organic matter (brass), the soil 1 is brought into the reducing state, and the filamentous fungus mainly aerobic Mitigating soil diseases, diseases caused by various Fusarium fungi such as wilt disease of melons such as watermelon and strawberry yellowing disease, wheat streak disease, wilt disease, seedling wilt disease and wilt disease of tomato and spinach, tomato blue It is effective against bacterial diseases such as blight and can be expected to reduce nematodes. In particular,
When the above soil disinfection method is used for institutional cultivation, there is also an effect of salt removal by irrigation treatment, and it is possible to promote the soundness of crop roots.

Further, in the soil disinfection method, since the soil 1 is sealed (sealed) by keeping the soil 1 at an appropriate temperature, soil diseases mainly caused by filamentous fungi can be reduced and controlled.

In the soil disinfection method, since the heat insulating layer 3b is provided on the closed body 3, it is possible to effectively prevent the temperature of the soil 1 from decreasing.

Further, in the above soil disinfection method, irrigation of the soil 1 can be easily carried out, and when it is carried out in the soil 1 having a low water capacity, it can be dealt with by increasing the water irrigation amount. It is possible to perform soil disinfection without restrictions.

In the soil disinfection method, the temperature in the soil 1 is detected, and when the temperature becomes lower than the predetermined value, the hot water 2 is supplied to the soil 1, so that On the other hand, the hot water 2 can be supplied in the minimum required amount, and the supply amount of the hot water 2 and the amount of energy required for heating to heat the water can be suppressed.

The conventional soil disinfection method (hereinafter referred to as the conventional method or the hot water method) and the soil disinfection method according to the present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the present method), which were carried out to verify the effect of the soil disinfection method, are described below. The comparison test and the result will be described. It should be noted that, in comparison with the present method, the conventional method uses only a vinyl sheet having no heat insulating layer 3b as the sealing body 3 and that the soil 1 is sealed by the sealing body 3. The only difference is that no hot water or hot water is supplied.

First, in April, under almost the same conditions, 3
We will set up two areas and implement the method in the first area.
The conventional method was carried out in the second area, and no treatment was carried out in the third area, and no treatment was carried out, and the influence on the strain rate (%) of spinach wilt disease in each area was examined. The result at that time is shown in FIG.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the spinach wilt disease-causing strain rate exceeds 90% in the untreated area (about 95%), and the area in which the conventional method has been carried out is more ill than the untreated area. Although the strain rate could be suppressed, still about 35% of the disease-causing strains were observed, whereas in the area where this method was implemented, the disease-causing strain rate of spinach wilt disease was suppressed to about 1-2%. It was. In other words, this proves the effectiveness of this method for soil disinfection.

Next, the present method and the conventional method were carried out in winter (January) and summer (August) in which the temperature is low, respectively, to examine the influence on the strain rate (%) of spinach wilt disease. It was The result at that time is shown in FIG.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, in the area where the conventional method is carried out, the strain rate of spinach wilt disease can be suppressed to about 10% in August, but it rises to about 85% in January. On the other hand, in the area where this method was carried out, the disease-causing strain of spinach wilt disease was not observed in August, and it was suppressed to about 1 to 2% even in January. In other words, this demonstrates the effect of this method that soil disinfection can be carried out without being restricted by the time and place (region) caused by soil temperature.

Next, three areas under substantially the same conditions are provided, the present method is carried out in the first area, the conventional method is carried out in the second area, and no treatment is carried out in the third area. The temperature (° C) of the soil in each area was examined without treatment and without treatment. The result at that time is shown in Fig. 5.
Shown in.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, in the untreated area, the temperature of the soil rarely rises to 25 ° C. or higher, and it may drop to around 15 ° C. Therefore, in the area where the conventional method is carried out, the vinyl sheet is used. Although the soil temperature could be raised compared to the untreated area due to the sealing effect of the method, the temperature of the soil was still below 25 ° C in many cases. Due to the supply and the heat retaining effect of the closed body 3, the temperature of the soil could be maintained at approximately 30 ° C. or higher. In other words, this proves the effect of this method on the heat retention effect of soil.

Next, three areas under substantially the same conditions are provided, and the method is carried out for 15 days in the first area.
In the second area, the conventional method was carried out for 30 days, and in the third area, no treatment was carried out and no treatment was carried out, and the influence on the diseased strain rate (%) of tomato wilt disease in each area was examined. The result at that time is shown in FIG.

As can be seen from FIG. 6, in the untreated area, the disease-causing strain rate of tomato wilt disease exceeds 40% (about 46%).
%), In the area where the conventional method was implemented, the disease-causing strain rate was 1-2.
%, And no disease-causing strain was found in the area where this method was implemented. That is,
It can be seen that even if the implementation period of this method is about half that of the conventional method, that is, 15 days, it is possible to obtain the same or better effect on soil disinfection as the conventional method.

Next, three areas under substantially the same conditions are provided, the present method is carried out in the first area, the conventional method is carried out in the second area, and no treatment is carried out in the third area. Without water treatment, the soil water content (%) in each area was examined without treatment. The result at that time is shown in FIG.

As can be seen from FIG. 7, in the untreated area, the water capacity of the soil rarely exceeds 25%, and even in the area where the conventional method is implemented, the water capacity of the soil is not so different from the untreated area. However, it can be seen that the water capacity of the soil is maintained at 35% or more in the area where this method was implemented. That is, this proves the effect of this method that the water capacity of the soil can be increased.

In the above embodiment, only one temperature sensor 8 may be provided, for example, at the center of the area of the soil 1 on which soil disinfection is to be performed. Is large, a plurality of temperature sensors 8, 8 ... Are provided and these temperature sensors 8,
8 may be appropriately dispersed and arranged in the area of the soil 1, and each temperature sensor 8 may be electrically connected to the control unit 9. In this way, a plurality of temperature sensors 8,
8 is provided, the trigger for the control unit 9 to perform the control may be, for example, the first output (signal) from any of the plurality of temperature sensors 8 to the control unit 9. However, the output (signal) may be any of the second and subsequent outputs, or the output signal may be sent from the temperature sensors 8, 8 ...

In the above embodiment, the temperature sensor 8
Is configured to measure the temperature of the soil 1 at all times or at regular time intervals and output the measured value as a signal to the control unit 9, but the present invention is not limited to such a configuration, and for example, the temperature The sensor 8 measures the temperature of the soil 1 at all times or at regular intervals, and when the temperature becomes lower than a predetermined temperature, outputs a detection signal for prompting the response to the control unit 9, 9 may perform control such that the hot water 2 is sent from the heating unit 6 to the hot water supply unit 7 based on the input of the detection signal. In addition, the temperature sensor 8
A standby signal for measuring the temperature of the soil 1 and keeping the control unit 9 on standby is output to the control unit 9 constantly or at regular time intervals, and when the temperature of the soil 1 becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined temperature, The output of the standby signal to the control unit 9 is stopped, and the control unit 9 controls the heating unit 6 to send the hot water 2 to the hot water supply unit 7 based on the stop of the output of the standby signal. May be.

Further, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the heating auxiliary section 12 for assisting the heating of the water by the heating section 6 is provided by heating the water sent to the heating section 6 on the upstream side of the heating section 6. Good. The heating auxiliary section 12 is, for example, a storage section (not shown) for storing water (hot water), a heating wire (coil heater) (not shown) for heating the water in the storage section, and a sun ray. Convert energy to electricity,
Solar cell unit 12 for supplying this electric power to the heating wire
It can be configured by a device including a and. In addition, this device may include a means for retaining the temperature of the water (hot water) in the storage section, a power storage section for storing the electric power obtained by the solar cell section 12a, and the like.

The heating auxiliary section 12 may be provided in the middle of the water supply pipe 5 whose downstream end is connected to the heating section 6, but another water supply pipe 5 to which the downstream end of this water supply pipe 5 is connected. It may be provided in the inside of the heating unit. In this case, water from the water supply pipe 5 and hot water from the water supply pipe 5'are appropriately mixed in the connecting portion of the two water supply pipes 5 and 5 ', and the heating unit It is sufficient to provide the temperature adjusting unit 13 having a built-in temperature adjusting valve for adjusting the temperature of the hot water sent to the 6 side. Furthermore, during the daytime,
When there is a time when the heating auxiliary section 12 can sufficiently heat the water, the heating section 6 does not have to be driven during that time.

In the above embodiment, the sealing body 3 has a multi-layer structure including the blocking layer 3a and the heat retaining layer 3b. However, the sealing body 3 is not limited to such a structure. For example, the sealing body 3 may be a blocking layer 3a. It may be a single layer structure including only. In this case, the sealed body 3 can be composed of only one sheet-shaped body such as a vinyl sheet.

[0057]

As described above, according to the present invention,
It is possible to provide a soil disinfection method that can be carried out without restrictions on the time and place caused by soil temperature and restrictions on the water capacity of the field.

Further, the soil disinfecting method of the present invention is not limited to soil diseases caused by continuous cropping of crops (eg, tomato, cucumber, spinach, etc.) cultivated in facilities such as greenhouses, as well as in the field. For example, soil diseases caused by continuous cropping of crops cultivated in an alley field (for example, Japanese radish, eggplant, pear, apple, cabbage, etc.) and soil disinfection associated with replanting of fruit trees can also be applied.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a configuration of a soil disinfecting method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a main part of the above embodiment.

[Fig. 3] Regarding the inhibitory effect of spinach wilt disease onset,
It is a graph which shows roughly the result of having compared this method, the conventional method, and three soil disinfection methods of non-treatment.

FIG. 4 shows the inhibitory effect on spinach wilt disease.
It is a graph which shows roughly the result which compared two soil disinfection methods of this method and the conventional method in January and August, respectively.

FIG. 5 is a graph schematically showing the results of comparison of three soil disinfection methods of the present method, the conventional method, and the untreated method with respect to the effect of keeping the soil warm.

FIG. 6 shows the effect of suppressing the development of tomato wilt disease according to the present method,
It is a graph which shows roughly the result of having compared three soil disinfection methods of the conventional method and the untreated by changing the number of treatment days.

FIG. 7 is a graph schematically showing the results of comparison of three soil disinfection methods of the present method, the conventional method, and the untreated method with respect to changes in soil water capacity.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... soil, 2 ... warm water, 3 ... sealed body.

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Norio Ishiguro             Akira Shinko, 3-20 Kinugahara, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture             Sansan Co., Ltd.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An undecomposed organic matter is added to soil,
A soil disinfecting method in which the upper surface of the soil is covered with a sealed body after irrigation, characterized in that hot water is supplied to the soil in a state where the sealed body is covered. Method. 2. The soil disinfecting method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of watering pipes having a large number of holes are arranged on the surface of the soil, and hot water is supplied to the soil through the holes. 3. The soil disinfecting method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the soil is detected, and when the temperature becomes lower than a predetermined value, hot water is supplied to the soil. 4. The multi-layer structure according to claim 1, wherein the closed body has a multi-layered structure including a blocking layer for blocking the permeation of water and a heat retaining layer for keeping the closed body warm. Soil disinfection method.