JP2003257202A - Light damage evaluation program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To evaluate the damage by light by the illumination apparatus installed in the street simply and technically. <P>SOLUTION: A plurality of evaluation items that are utilized in the evaluation of the damage of light due to illumination apparatus is calculated based on the information of the street for installing the illumination apparatus, arrangement of the illumination apparatus in the street, and the specifications of the illumination apparatus. Thereby, the damage by light due to illumination apparatus installed in the street can be evaluated more simply and technically even by a person who has few specialized knowledges concerning the illumination by utilizing the calculated evaluation items. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a light pollution evaluation program for evaluating light damage caused by a lighting device based on information about specifications and arrangement of the lighting device installed on a street.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Obstacles to astronomical observation and waste of energy due to factors such as an increase in outdoor lighting and the use of excessive lighting due to recent urbanization and the development of transportation networks are called "light pollution". Has been pointed out as ". In addition, recently, it has been reported that excessive use of lighting adversely affects crops and plants and animals, and appropriate and urgent measures against light pollution are required.

From such a background, the Ministry of the Environment has established a light pollution countermeasure guideline in order to suppress the occurrence of light pollution, and the lighting fixtures according to the guidelines are provided to the traders who install the lighting fixtures on the street. Seeking installation. For this reason, the installer is currently evaluating the light pollution caused by the lighting fixtures installed on the streets for the four evaluation items for which recommended values are stated in the guidelines: illumination ratio, upper luminous flux ratio, glare, and energy efficiency. Lighting equipment is installed on the street based on the evaluation results.

[0004]

However, in order to evaluate the light pollution caused by the luminaire, generally, specialized knowledge about the lighting is required. Therefore, a person who has little specialized knowledge about the lighting specialized in the light pollution evaluation. Is very difficult to do Moreover, since many manual calculations are normally required when evaluating light pollution, this evaluation work requires a lot of labor and time.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to make light pollution caused by a lighting fixture installed on a street easier and easier for a person who has little knowledge about lighting. It is to provide a light pollution evaluation program that can be evaluated professionally.

[0006]

The features of the present invention are used for evaluation of light pollution by a lighting fixture based on information about the street where the lighting fixture is installed, the arrangement of the lighting fixture on the street, and the specifications of the lighting fixture. It is to calculate a plurality of evaluation items.

According to such a configuration, the evaluation items used for the evaluation of the light pollution of the lighting fixture only by inputting the information on the street where the lighting fixture is installed, the arrangement of the lighting fixture on the street, and the specifications of the lighting fixture. Is automatically calculated, so that even a person with little expertise in lighting can more easily and professionally evaluate the light pollution caused by the lighting equipment installed in the street.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A light pollution evaluation apparatus according to the present invention is, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, data relating to a road on which lighting equipment is installed and the arrangement of the lighting equipment (hereinafter abbreviated as "road condition data"). It can be applied to a device for evaluating light pollution caused by a lighting device installed on a street, based on data on performance of the installed lighting device (hereinafter abbreviated as “lighting condition data”).

[Structure of Light Pollution Evaluation Device] First, the structure of the light pollution evaluation device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

A light pollution evaluation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is constructed on a computer device such as a personal computer, a workstation, a general-purpose computer, etc., and as shown in FIG. 1, a CPU 1, a RAM 2 and a ROM.
3, the input unit 4, the output unit 5, the lighting fixture database 6, and the guideline database 7 are provided as main components.

The CPU 1 controls the operation of the light pollution evaluation device according to various programs stored in the ROM 3. Specifically, the CPU 1 loads the light pollution evaluation processing program 8 stored in the ROM 3 from the ROM 3 to the RAM 2, and executes the light pollution evaluation processing of the luminaire according to the light pollution evaluation processing program 8.

The RAM 2 provides a work area for temporarily storing program data and processing data related to various processes executed by the CPU 1.

The ROM 3 stores, for example, program data 9 such as a light pollution evaluation device start-up program and a light pollution evaluation processing program 8, and processing data 10 necessary for executing these programs. The ROM 3 is a CPU such as a magnetic or optical recording medium or a semiconductor memory.
Is a configuration that includes a readable recording medium,
The programs and data stored in this recording medium may be partially or wholly input via an electronic network such as the Internet.

The input unit 4 controls input processing of various information such as road condition data and lighting condition data using an input device such as a keyboard, a touch panel, a ten-key pad, a mouse pointer, and a light pen. The output unit 5 controls an output process of various information such as a light pollution evaluation process result using an output device such as a display output device, a printer device, and a voice output device.

The luminaire database 6 is provided with a luminaire name for a plurality of luminaires provided by a luminaire manufacturer.
Stores information about fixture name, lamp name, ballast data, price data, and light distribution data.

Here, "ballast data" means data on a ballast that controls the power of a lighting fixture, and specifically includes information on the input power Wb of the ballast. In addition, "light distribution data" means data concerning light distribution of light emitted from a lamp (light source) of a lighting fixture,
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the luminous intensity value I of the light emitted from the lamp 12 of the lighting fixture 11 (where the lamp luminous flux is 100
Luminous intensity value at 0 lm (lm: lumen), unit: cd
(Candela)), assuming that the angles vertically below and above the lamp 12 are 0 ° and 180 °, respectively, and the angle (θ)
It is described for each. In addition, the luminous intensity value of the lamp 12 in the vertical direction (θ) is defined as the horizontal angle (φ) of the lamp 12.
It is also possible to measure by dividing it into several cross sections and to use in the calculation the luminous intensity values in the vertical direction (θ) in a plurality of cross sections.

The light distribution data stored in the lighting fixture database 6 is IES as shown in FIG.
(Illuminating Engineering Society of NA; North American Lighting Commission) format data format.

In general, the format of the light distribution data differs depending on the luminaire manufacturer. However, if the light distribution data is in a data format other than the IES format, it is not possible to easily know in which part of the file the data used for processing is recorded, which makes the input work troublesome. I will end up. In contrast, the light distribution data is IE
With the S format data format, as shown in FIG. 3, the lamp light flux F (underlined portion A), the angle θ (underlined portion B), the angle φ (underlined portion C), and the angle, which are used in the subsequent processing, are used. Since the data regarding the luminous intensity I (θ, φ) (underlined portion D) for each θ and φ can be easily found in the file, the light pollution evaluation process can be easily executed.

The information stored in the lighting fixture database 6 may be partially or wholly input via an electronic network such as the Internet. However, when the light distribution data input from the outside has a data format different from the IES format, the CPU 1 preferably stores the light distribution data in the lighting fixture database 6 after converting the light distribution data into the IES format.

The guideline database 7 stores data on recommended values (reference values) of the evaluation items (illumination rate, upper luminous flux ratio, glare, energy saving) of the lighting fixtures described in the light pollution countermeasure guideline. The information stored in the guideline database 7 may be configured such that a part or all of the information is input via an electronic network such as the Internet.

[Operation of Light Pollution Evaluation Device] The light pollution evaluation device of the embodiment having such a configuration has the light pollution evaluation processing program 8 in response to the evaluator inputting the road condition data and the illumination condition data. Accordingly, the light pollution evaluation process described below is shown.

FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing the flow of light pollution evaluation processing by the light pollution evaluation apparatus.

In the flowchart shown in FIG. 4, after the evaluator inputs road condition data and lighting condition data with reference to an interface screen as shown in FIG. It is started by designating the "calculation" button 13 on the face screen via the input unit 4 or the like to instruct the light pollution evaluation device to execute the light pollution evaluation process. Then, the CPU 1 performs an illumination rate calculation process (step S10, FIG. 12), an upper luminous flux ratio calculation process (step S20, FIG. 14), a glare calculation process (step S30, FIG. 15), and an energy saving evaluation process (step) which will be described later. The processing of S40 and FIG. 16) is executed in parallel (parallel processing).

Here, when the light pollution evaluation processing is executed for the first time, the evaluator, for example, selects "new" in the interface screen.
The button 14 is designated via the input unit 4, and the light pollution evaluation apparatus is requested to register the property name (file name) of the light pollution evaluation process to be executed. When the evaluator requests registration of the property name, the CPU 1 outputs a new property input screen, for example, as shown in FIG.
O), property name, person in charge name, comment, registration (save) destination of new property is prompted. When the evaluator inputs this information and receives the registration instruction from the evaluator, the CP
U1 stores the information input to the registration (save) destination of the designated new property.

According to such a configuration, the data concerning the light pollution evaluation process is stored and saved in the apparatus, so that the light pollution evaluation process after the second time is performed by, for example, the "existing" button on the interface screen. Calling the existing property input screen (Fig. 7) by specifying 15 through the input unit 4,
It is possible to easily start by specifying the property for which the light pollution evaluation process is to be performed from the existing property input screen.

When inputting the road condition data, the evaluator, for example, uses the "road" button 16 in the interface screen.
Is requested via the input unit 4 to request the light pollution evaluation device to input road condition data. When the evaluator is requested to input the road condition data, the CPU 1 outputs a road condition input screen as shown in FIG. 8, for example, and gives the evaluator a design illuminance E, a lighting fixture arrangement pattern P, and a road width. Prompt input of R, appliance height h, and number of lights / group N. Then, when these pieces of information are input from the evaluator, the CPU 1 stores the input information in the RAM 2 or the ROM 3.

Here, the road condition input screen shown in FIG.
The evaluator evaluates the design illuminance E of the lighting fixture 17, the arrangement pattern P,
Road A, height h, and number of lights / group N, plan A, B,
Three values (conditions) of C can be input. With such a configuration, the light pollution evaluation process for the installation conditions of the plurality of lighting fixtures can be performed at one time, and the time and labor required for the light pollution evaluation process can be significantly reduced. It is also possible to compare the light pollution evaluation processing results between a plurality of installation conditions.

The "arrangement pattern" mentioned here indicates the arrangement position of the luminaire 17 on the road as shown in FIG. 9, for example. In this embodiment, the evaluator is
Place the lighting fixtures 17 only on one side of the road (Fig. 9 (a)), place the lighting fixtures 17 on both sides of the road (Fig. 9 (b)), and stagger on both sides of the road. Staggered placement of lighting fixtures 17 (Fig. 9 (c)) 3
One layout pattern can be selected via the road condition input screen.

When inputting the illumination condition data, the evaluator, for example, uses the "illumination" button 18 on the interface screen.
Is specified via the input unit 4, and the CPU 1 is requested to input illumination condition data. When the evaluator is requested to input the luminaire condition data, the CPU 1 outputs a luminaire condition input screen as shown in FIG. 10, for example, and the evaluator issues the luminaire fixture name, lamp name, and ballast. Prompt for data and price data. When these pieces of information are input from the evaluator, the CPU 1 outputs the input information to the RA.
Stored in M2 or ROM3.

Here, in the lighting equipment condition input screen shown in FIG. 10, the planners A, B, C of the road condition input screen are provided by the evaluator as the equipment name, lamp name, ballast data, and price data.
Is configured so that three conditions corresponding to can be input. With such a configuration, it is possible to perform the light pollution evaluation process on the performance of the plurality of lighting fixtures at a time, and thus it is possible to significantly reduce the time and labor required for the light pollution evaluation process. It is also possible to compare the light pollution evaluation processing results among a plurality of performances.

The lighting equipment condition input screen shown in FIG. 10 has a "display light distribution data" button. For example, the evaluator designates this "display light distribution data" button via the input section 4 or the like. When the display of the light distribution data is requested, the CPU 1
The light distribution data regarding the specified lighting equipment is displayed with reference to the lighting equipment database 6. Note that the evaluator may operate the input unit 4 to correct the contents of the displayed light distribution data or newly input the light distribution data, as necessary.

In this embodiment, FIG.
In the lighting equipment condition input screen shown in, the evaluator
By designating the tag portions described as B and C (for example, the hatched portion in FIG. 10) via the input unit 4,
The CPU 1 outputs a lighting equipment selection screen as shown in
The illumination condition data is specified via this illumination fixture selection screen.

Specifically, the CPU 1 displays a list of luminaire maker names, luminaire names, and lamp names stored in the luminaire database 6 in the luminaire selection screen shown in FIG. By selecting a desired lighting fixture from this list, the lighting condition data for each plan is designated. With such a configuration, the evaluator can interactively specify and input the lighting condition data by referring to the screen, which can significantly reduce the labor and time required to input the lighting condition data. Becomes

[Illumination Rate Calculation Processing] First, the operation of the light pollution evaluation device when calculating the illumination rate will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

The "illumination rate" described below means the proportion of light that is effectively used in the emitted light of the lamp itself. Further, the "leakage light rate" indicates a ratio of wasted light in light emitted from the entire lighting fixture. Therefore, by calculating the lighting rate and the leakage light rate as described below, evaluate how much light is wasted from the entire lighting equipment, and more accurately evaluate the light pollution caused by the lighting equipment. Is possible.

The flowchart shown in FIG. 12 starts when the evaluator gives an instruction to execute the light pollution evaluation process.
The illumination rate calculation process proceeds to step S11.

In the processing of step S11, the CPU 1
The value of the fixture interval S of the luminaire is read and the average horizontal plane illuminance Eav of the luminaire is calculated. In addition, in this embodiment, the value of the instrument interval S is 30 when the program is started.
It is assumed that it is set to [m].

In the calculation processing of the average horizontal plane illuminance Eav, specifically, as shown in FIG. 13, the CPU 1 divides the road on which the lighting fixture is installed into a predetermined number of divisions n (width direction) and m (direction of travel). Divide into multiple meshes (lattice points) on the road
To form. Then, the lamp luminous flux F, the maintenance rate M, and the number N of lamps per lighting fixture are input to the following formula 1 based on the point-by-point method to calculate the horizontal plane illuminance En on each mesh point (lattice point) Pn. After that, the CPU 1 calculates the average horizontal plane illuminance Eav by using the horizontal plane illuminance En according to the following mathematical formula 2 derived by the four-point method. The maintenance rate M as used herein means the ratio of the illuminance of the illumination facility when the illuminance is the most immediately before the maintenance work to the illuminance when the new facility is installed.

[0039]

[Equation 1]

[Equation 2] As a result, the process of step S11 is completed, and the illumination rate calculation process is performed from step S11 to step S11.
The process shifts to the process of 12.

In the processing of step S12, the CPU 1
It is determined whether or not the average horizontal plane illuminance Eav calculated by the process of step S11 has the same value as the design illuminance E.
Then, as a result of the determination, if the values are not the same, the illumination rate calculation process is performed from step S12 to step S13.
Process shifts to. Since the average horizontal plane illuminance Eav does not always have the same value as the design illuminance E, it may be determined whether or not the difference is within a certain range.

In the process of step S13, the CPU 1
After incrementing the value of the program counter n by 1, step S
In the process of 12, the average horizontal plane illuminance Eav is the design illuminance E
If it is determined that the value is larger than the value, the value of the instrument interval S is increased by 0.5 n [m] as the process of step S14. On the other hand, when it is determined that the average horizontal plane illuminance Eav is smaller than the design illuminance E in the process of step S12, the CPU 1 performs the process of step S14 as follows.
The value of the instrument spacing S is reduced by 0.5 n [m]. As a result, the process of step S14 is completed, and the process of step S11 is executed again using the changed value of the appliance interval S.

On the other hand, when the average illuminance Eav is determined to be the same value as the design illuminance E in the processing of step S12, the CPU 1 determines the appliance interval S used in the processing of step S11 as the processing of step S15. The value is stored in RAM2 or ROM3. This allows
The process of step S15 is completed, and the illumination rate calculation process shifts from the process of step S15 to the process of step S16.

In the processing of step S16, the CPU 1
The values (conditions) of the design illuminance E, the fixture spacing S, the road width R, the lamp luminous flux F, the number N of lamps per lighting fixture, the maintenance rate M, and the arrangement pattern P are input to the following formula 3 obtained by the luminous flux method. Then, the illumination rate U of the lighting fixture 17 is calculated.
Further, the value of the arrangement pattern P is 1 for the one-sided arrangement and the zigzag arrangement, and is 2 for the both-sided arrangement. As a result, the process of step S16 is completed, and the illumination rate calculation process shifts from the process of step S16 to the process of step S17.

[0044]

[Equation 3] In the process of step S17, the CPU 1 inputs the values of the light distribution data and the lamp luminous flux data F stored in the lighting fixture database 6, and uses the following formula 4 obtained by the sphere coefficient method to calculate the lighting fixture. The instrument luminous flux Fi is calculated. In addition, in this embodiment,
θ is 10 ° and the range of θ is 0 ≦ θ ≦ 180 °. As a result, the process of step S17 is completed, and the illumination rate calculation process is performed from step S17 to step S18.
Process shifts to.

[0045]

[Equation 4] In the processing of step S18, the CPU 1
The appliance luminous flux Fi calculated by the process of 6 and the value of the lamp luminous flux data F described in the light distribution data file are substituted into the following Equation 5 to calculate the appliance efficiency Le of the lighting fixture. As a result, the process of step S18 is completed, and the illumination rate calculation process shifts from the process of step S18 to the process of step S19.

[0046]

[Equation 5] In the process of step S19, the CPU1
6 and the values of the lighting rate U and the lighting efficiency Le of the lighting fixture calculated by the processing of step S18 are substituted into the following mathematical expression 6 to calculate the leakage light rate Rs of the lighting fixture. As a result, the processing of step S19 is completed, and the series of illumination rate calculation processing ends.

[0047]

[Equation 6] [Upper Luminous Flux Ratio Calculation Processing] Next, the operation of the light pollution evaluation device when calculating the upper luminous flux ratio will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

The flowchart shown in FIG. 14 starts when the evaluator gives an instruction to execute the light pollution evaluation process.
The upper luminous flux ratio calculation process proceeds to step S21.

In the processing of step S21, the CPU 1
The values of the light distribution data and the lamp luminous flux data F stored in the luminaire database 6 are input, and the upper luminous flux Fu of the luminaire is calculated using the following Equation 7 obtained by the sphere coefficient method. In addition, in this embodiment,
In Equation 7, Δθ is 10 °, and the range of θ is 90 ° ≦ θ ≦ 18
Set to 0 °. Further, since I (90 °) is the target of calculation only for the upper light component, the value is multiplied by 1/2. As a result, the process of step S21 is completed, and the upper luminous flux ratio calculation process is performed from the process of step S21 to step S22.
Process shifts to.

[0050]

[Equation 7] In the process of step S22, the CPU 1 executes step S1.
The value of the appliance luminous flux Fi calculated by the processing of step 7 and the value of the upper luminous flux Fu calculated by the processing of step S21 are substituted into the following mathematical expression 8 to calculate the upper luminous flux ratio Ru (1) of the luminaire. Next, in place of the instrument light flux Fi, the value of the lamp light flux data F described in the light distribution data file is substituted into Equation 8 to calculate the upper light flux ratio Ru (2). As a result, the processing of step S22 is completed, and the series of upper luminous flux ratio calculation processing ends.

[0051]

[Equation 8] [Glare Calculation Processing] Next, the operation of the light pollution evaluation device when calculating glare will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

The flowchart shown in FIG. 15 starts when the evaluator gives an instruction to execute the light pollution evaluation process.
The glare calculation process proceeds to step S31.

In the processing of step S31, the CPU 1
Referring to the light distribution data stored in the lighting fixture database 6, the angle θ of the light emitted from the lighting fixture is 85.
Maximum value of luminous intensity value I (85 °) at ° (I for each angle φ)
(85 °) is different, so the maximum value is used). As a result, the process of step S31 is completed,
The glare calculation process ends.

[Energy Saving Evaluation Processing] Next, referring to FIG.
The operation of the light pollution evaluation device when evaluating the energy saving property will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

The flowchart shown in FIG. 16 starts when the evaluator gives an instruction to execute the light pollution evaluation process.
The energy saving performance evaluation process proceeds to the process of step S41.

In the processing of step S41, the CPU 1
The ballast data stored in the lighting fixture database 6 is referred to, the ballast input power Wb is extracted, and the value is substituted into the following formula 9 together with the lamp luminous flux F described in the light distribution data file. Then, the total efficiency TE which is the evaluation standard of the energy saving property is calculated. As a result, the process of step S41 is completed, and the energy saving performance evaluation process shifts from the process of step S41 to the process of step S42.

[0057]

[Equation 9] In the process of step S42, the CPU 1 substitutes the input power Wb of the ballast, the number of lamps N per lighting fixture and the number of lighting fixtures Ni into the following mathematical expression 10 to calculate the power consumption W of the lighting fixture. calculate. As a result, this step S41
Is completed, and the energy saving performance evaluation process shifts from the process of step S42 to the process of step S43.

[0058]

[Equation 10] In the processing of step S43, the CPU 1 executes step S4.
By substituting the power consumption amount W and the emission intensity value C0 (gc / Wh) of carbon dioxide (CO2) calculated by the process of 2 into the following formula 11, by using the lighting equipment installed on the road The carbon dioxide emission amount C is calculated. As a result, the process of step S43 is completed, and the energy saving performance evaluation process is performed from step S43 to step S44.
Process shifts to.

[0059]

[Equation 11] In the process of step S44, the CPU 1 makes the following mathematical formula 1
The annual running cost (power cost) CTr is calculated by substituting the power consumption amount W, the annual lighting time Y, and the value of the power cost Ele of the lighting fixture per unit W · h into 2. As a result, the process of step S44 is completed, and the energy saving performance evaluation process is performed from step S44 to step S45.
Process shifts to.

At this time, the lamp price, lamp replacement cost, appliance cleaning cost, etc. may be added to the calculation conditions.

[0061]

[Equation 12] In the process of step S45, the CPU 1 refers to the fixture price data stored in the lighting fixture database 6 and calculates by multiplying the fixture price CTi by the number N of fixtures and the number Ni of fixtures per fixture. The cost (= initial cost), the number of years of installation T, and the value of the running cost CTr calculated by the process of step S44 are substituted into the following formula 13, and the lighting fixture specified in the lighting condition data is set on the road for T years. The total cost CTt when installed is calculated. As a result, the process of step S45 is completed, and the series of energy-saving property evaluation processes ends.

At this time, the pole price, construction cost, etc. may be added to the calculation conditions.

[0063]

[Equation 13] [Light Pollution Evaluation Processing] When the information about the illumination rate, the upper luminous flux ratio, the glare, and the energy saving of the lighting equipment installed on the road is obtained by such processing, the light pollution evaluation processing shown in FIG. 4 is performed in steps S10 and S20. , S30, S40, the process proceeds to step S50.

In the processing of step S50, the CPU 1
Referring to the information obtained by the processing results of steps S10, 20, 30, and 40, the instrument light flux, the upper light flux, the upper light flux ratio, the illumination rate, the glare (luminance value), and the energy saving are displayed on the interface screen shown in FIG. Sex (total efficiency), tool spacing,
The leaked light rate, power consumption, CO2 emission amount, initial cost, running cost, and total cost are displayed and output for each plan. As a result, the process of step S50 is completed, and the light pollution evaluation process shifts from the process of step S50 to the process of step S51.

Here, when the evaluator specifies the "graph" button 19 in the interface screen shown in FIG. 5 via the input unit 4, the CPU 1 compares the costs for each plan as shown in FIG. 17, for example. The graph is output to the output unit 5.
With such a configuration, the evaluator can perform more advanced light pollution evaluation processing by comparing the plans with reference to the graph.

Furthermore, if one of the plans is an existing fixture (a fixture that does not cost initial cost but only running cost), when the lamp is replaced with a new fixture except the pole and foundation of the existing fixture, It will also be possible to calculate the number of years required to amortize the lighting costs. At this time, the lamp replacement cost or the like may be added to the calculation conditions.

When the evaluator specifies the "output" button 20 in the interface screen shown in FIG. 5 via the input unit 4, the CPU 1 prints out the processing result on the output unit 5.

When the evaluator has designated the "save" button 21 in the interface screen shown in FIG. 5 via the input unit 4, the CPU 1 stores the processing result in the storage area designated by the evaluator. To do. As a result, the evaluator can always read the processing result stored in the storage area and analyze the light pollution caused by the lighting fixture.

Further, the CPU 1 refers to the guideline database 7 for the illumination rate, the upper luminous flux ratio, the glare, and the energy saving evaluation items whose reference values are described in the light pollution control guideline, and combines them with the calculated values. If the calculated value does not meet the standard, the calculated value that does not meet the standard is displayed in red, and the standard is not met for the evaluator. Notify to that effect. Also, a plurality of plans may be compared for each evaluation item, and the calculated value with the least light pollution may be colored. With such a configuration, the evaluator can easily recognize which item does not follow the guideline only by looking at the interface screen, and thus the labor and time required for the light pollution evaluation process can be reduced. .

In the present light pollution countermeasure guideline, the reference value of the upper luminous flux ratio is specifically, for example, a place to which the lighting environment category I "anzen" is applied, such as a natural park, a satochi, or a rural area. , For example, the lighting environment classification II for village areas, light pollution type residential areas, etc. where “Anshin” is applied, for example, the lighting environment classification III “Yasuragi” for local cities, municipalities around metropolitan areas, urban residential areas, etc. 0%, 0-5%, 0-15% in each place where the lighting environment classification IV "Enjoy" is applied, for example, in the center of the city, downtown, shopping streets, along the urban main roads, etc. , 0 to 20% is recommended. Also, the standard value of glare is 4.5 m (meter) depending on the height H of the street lighting fixture.
2,500 cd or less when below (cd: candela, showing unit of luminous intensity), 50 when height is 4.5 m to 6 m
1200 or less when the height is 6 m to 10 m
It is recommended to be 0 cd or less. Furthermore, the standard value for energy saving (total efficiency) is that the lamp input power is 200 according to the lamp input power (ballast input power).
It is recommended to set 60 lm (lumen) / W or more when the power is W or more and 50 lm / W or more when the lamp input power is less than 200 W.

In the processing of step S51, the evaluator refers to the processing result output on the interface screen shown in FIG. 5, and the input road condition data and lighting condition data satisfy the reference value of the light pollution countermeasure guideline. Whether or not
And determine which plan of equipment has the least light pollution. If the standard value is not satisfied, the specifications and arrangement pattern of the lighting equipment installed on the road are appropriately changed to determine the actual performance and arrangement pattern of the lighting equipment.
As a result, the processing of step S51 is completed, and the series of light pollution evaluation processing ends.

The light pollution evaluation device extracts the light pollution evaluation amount LAS indicating the degree of light pollution for each plan input by the evaluator, as shown below, and the light pollution evaluation amount LA is extracted.
The plan with the least light pollution may be determined and presented based on S. According to such processing, even a person with little expertise in lighting can easily determine a plan with less light pollution from a plurality of plans.

According to the guideline for light pollution countermeasures established by the Ministry of the Environment, "light pollution" is defined as a situation in which the formation of a good lighting environment is hindered by leaked light or its adverse effect. Means the adverse effects of light interference. The "leakage light" as used herein means the light emitted from the illumination device and is emitted to the outside of the intended illumination target range, and the "obstruction light" is the leakage light. , Light is defined as light that adversely affects human activities, living things, etc. depending on the amount and / or direction of light.

Therefore, in order to accurately evaluate the light pollution due to the illumination environment, it is necessary to evaluate which of the leaked light from the illumination environment is the obstructing light. However, the situation in which the leaked light is an obstacle light usually differs depending on the environmental conditions in which the streetlight is installed, and thus it is difficult to make such an evaluation unconditionally. Therefore, in the following description, it is assumed that all the leaked light becomes obstructive light.

By the way, assuming that all the leaked light is obstructive light, a good lighting environment without "light pollution" is a lighting environment without leaked light, but of course,
Even in an illumination environment in which the amount of leaked light is the same, an illumination environment in which the energy (generally, power consumption) for realizing the same is small is a better illumination environment. Therefore, a good lighting environment without "light pollution" can be said to be a lighting environment that does not leak light and consumes less energy. If such a definition of "light pollution" is applied to a street, a street with less light pollution is
It uses a street light that consumes a small amount of power and allows a large amount of light emitted from a light source to reach a target illumination target range. More specifically, it has a high overall efficiency TE and a high illumination rate U. This means using street lights.

Therefore, in the light pollution evaluation apparatus of this embodiment, the light pollution evaluation amount LAS is calculated based on the overall efficiency TE and the illumination rate U according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 18, and the calculated light pollution evaluation amount LAS is calculated. To evaluate the light pollution of the lighting environment. The processing operation when the light pollution evaluation device evaluates light pollution will be described in detail below with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.

The flowchart shown in FIG. 18 is started by calculating information about the illumination rate, the upper luminous flux ratio, the glare, and the energy saving of the lighting equipment installed on the road for each of the plurality of plans input by the evaluator. Therefore, the light pollution evaluation process proceeds to the process of step S61.

In the process of step S61, the CPU 1
It is determined whether or not the total efficiency TE for each plan exceeds the reference value TElimit in the energy saving item of the light pollution countermeasure guideline. Then, the CPU 1 proceeds to step S62 for plans that do not exceed the reference value.
In the process (1), the evaluator is urged to discontinue use because the plan does not meet the specified conditions. On the other hand, for the plan that exceeds the reference value as a result of the determination, the CPU1
Executes the following processing steps.

In the next processing step, how much leakage light is emitted in the upward direction is evaluated. In the light pollution countermeasure guideline, the lighting environment is classified into four types according to the regional characteristics. However, the reference value of the upper luminous flux ratio is set for each of them. Therefore, in the following processing steps, it is evaluated whether or not the calculated upper luminous flux ratio Ru falls below the reference value of the light pollution countermeasure guideline according to the lighting environment type determined by the designer.

In the process of step S63, the CPU 1
The upper luminous flux ratio Ru of the street light for each plan is the reference value ULORlimit of the upper luminous flux ratio in the light pollution countermeasure guidelines.
It is determined whether or not it falls below. Then, the CPU 1 prompts the evaluator to cancel the use of the plan exceeding the reference value, in the process of step S64, because the plan does not satisfy the designated condition. On the other hand, as a result of the determination, the CPU 1 executes the process of step S65 described below for the plans that are below the reference value. Note that this step S63
In the process (1), the magnitude of the light pollution is not evaluated by the numerical value of the upper light flux ratio Ru, and even if the upper light flux ratios are different as shown in FIG. The degree. This is because the leaked light from the luminaire is not weighted in the direction in which it is defined, and basically only the amount thereof is a problem.

In the process of step S65, the CPU
In No. 1, the light pollution of each plan is evaluated based on the glare. Generally, the smaller glare means less light emitted in the lateral direction. This may adversely affect other lighting requirements such as poor uniformity of horizontal illuminance (uneven brightness), which is important for crime prevention, and low vertical illuminance at human face height. It is not always good to suppress lateral light. Therefore, in the process of step S65, the maximum value of the luminous intensity values in the θ = 85 ° direction is the luminous intensity reference value I (85 °) l in the light pollution countermeasure guideline.
Only evaluate if it falls below the limit. Step S
Similar to the process of 63, also in the process of step S65, the magnitude of light pollution is not evaluated by the light intensity value.

Specifically, the CPU 1 controls the street light θ = 8.
The maximum value I (85 °) max of the luminous intensity value in the 5 ° direction (angle φ
Since I (85 °) differs for each, the maximum value is used) is the luminous intensity reference value I specified in the light pollution control guideline.
It is determined for each plan whether or not it falls below (85 °) limit. Then, the CPU 1 prompts the evaluator to cancel the use of the plan exceeding the reference value, in the process of step S66, because the plan does not satisfy the designated condition. On the other hand, as a result of the determination, for a plan below the reference value, the CPU 1 executes the processing steps after step S67.

In the process of step S67, the CPU 1
The light pollution evaluation value LAS for each plan is calculated. This light pollution evaluation value LAS is a value calculated by the product of the overall efficiency TE of the street light and the illumination rate U, as shown in the following formula 14, and the light pollution evaluation value LAS is larger, the light pollution is larger. Is a parameter that is determined to have a large degree. As a result, the process of step S67 is completed, and the light pollution evaluation process shifts from the process of step S67 to the process of step S68.

[0084]

[Equation 14] In the process of step S68, the CPU 1 causes the light pollution evaluation value L
It is determined whether there is a plan with the same AS.
Then, the CPU 1 executes the process of step S69 for the plans having the same light pollution evaluation value LAS. on the other hand,
CP for plans with the same light pollution evaluation value LAS
U1 executes the processing after step S70 described later.

In the processing of step S69, the CPU 1
With reference to the value of the light pollution evaluation amount LAS, the plan having the smaller light pollution evaluation amount LAS is determined to be the plan having the smaller light pollution degree, and the determination result is output. This completes the series of light pollution evaluation processing.

By the way, the amount of leaked light cannot be accurately evaluated only by the above-mentioned formula 14 when the energy efficiency is the same (when the same energy can obtain the same brightness within the target illumination target range). . Generally, the lighting rate U is the lighting efficiency Le of the lighting equipment and the specific lighting rate (see below).
As can be seen from the fact that it can be calculated from the product of, the illumination rate U is high if the appliance efficiency Le is high even if there is a large amount of leaked light (even if the intrinsic illumination rate is low). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 20, for example, the illumination rates U may be equal even if the amounts of leaked light are different. Therefore, in order to accurately evaluate the amount of leaked light, it is necessary to evaluate what proportion of the light flux emitted from the lighting device is the leaked light.

In general, the ratio of the luminous flux emitted from the luminaire to the target illumination target range is defined as the intrinsic illumination rate Ui. The ratio of the luminous flux leaking out of the target illumination target range of the luminous flux emitted from the luminaire (hereinafter, referred to as “leakage light rate Rs”) is from 1 to the specific illumination rate Ui as shown in Expression 15 described later. Since it can be calculated by a value obtained by subtracting, the leakage light rate R
s is calculated and leakage light is evaluated. By the way, since the expression 15 is equal to the above-mentioned expression 6, the leakage light rate Rs described here is
And the leakage light rate Rs calculated in step S19 becomes the same.

In the processing of step S70, the CPU 1
For each of the plans having the same light pollution evaluation value LAS, the value of the leakage light rate calculated in step S19 is extracted. As a result, the process of step S70 is completed,
This light pollution evaluation processing shifts from the processing of step S70 to the processing of step S71.

[0089]

[Equation 15] In the process of step S71, the CPU 1 causes the leakage light rate Rs
It is determined whether there is a plan having the same value of.
Then, the CPU 1 determines that the plans having the same leak light rate Rs have the same degree of light pollution in the plans in the process of step S72. On the other hand, for plans having different leak light ratios Rs, the CPU 1 determines that the plan having a small leak light ratio Rs has a small degree of light pollution in the process of step S73, and outputs the determination result. This completes the series of light pollution evaluation processing.

[Effects of the Embodiment] As is clear from the above description, according to the light pollution evaluation apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to input the road condition data and the lighting condition data, Since the evaluation items for the upper luminous flux ratio, glare, and energy efficiency are automatically calculated, even people with little expertise in lighting will not be affected by light pollution due to lighting equipment installed on the road based on the calculated evaluation items. Can be evaluated more easily.

Further, according to the light pollution evaluation apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, since the leakage light rate is calculated together with the illumination rate, it is possible to evaluate how much useless light is emitted from the luminaire. Thus, the light pollution caused by the lighting equipment can be evaluated more professionally and accurately.

Further, according to the light pollution evaluation apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, more specialized evaluation items such as carbon dioxide emissions and power consumption due to the use of lighting equipment are automatically calculated. Therefore, even a person with little expertise in lighting can more professionally evaluate the light pollution caused by the lighting equipment installed on the road.

Further, according to the light pollution evaluation apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to calculate the cost in consideration of the number of evaluation years, so that it is possible to evaluate the economic efficiency of the business.

Further, according to the light pollution evaluation apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of light damage evaluation amounts input by the evaluator are input based on the light pollution evaluation amount calculated using the overall efficiency of the luminaire and the illumination rate. Since the degree of light pollution of each plan is automatically determined, even a person with little expertise in lighting can determine a plan with less light pollution based on the determination result.

[Other Embodiments] Finally, the above-mentioned embodiments are examples of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and it is needless to say that other than this embodiment, various modifications can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. Is added.

For example, the light pollution evaluation processing program 8 may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium. Then, when the light pollution evaluation process is executed, the recording medium is read into a computer system, the program is stored in a storage unit such as a memory in the computer system, and the program is executed by an arithmetic unit, thereby realizing the present invention. It is possible to realize the light pollution evaluation processing according to. In addition,
The computer-readable recording medium here means
For example, a computer-readable recording medium such as a semiconductor memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, and a magnetic tape, which can record a program, is included.

[0097]

According to the present invention, even a person with little specialized knowledge about lighting can easily and professionally evaluate the light pollution caused by the lighting equipment installed on the street.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a light pollution evaluation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining light distribution data.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a data format of light distribution data according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a light pollution evaluation method of the light pollution evaluation device shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an interface screen according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a new property input screen according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an existing property input screen according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a road condition input screen according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram for explaining an arrangement pattern of lighting equipment on a road.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an illumination condition input screen according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a lighting equipment selection screen according to the embodiment of the present invention.

12 is a flowchart showing a method of calculating an illumination rate of the light pollution evaluation device shown in FIG.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method for calculating an instrument interval and an average horizontal plane illuminance.

14 is a flowchart showing an upper luminous flux ratio calculation method of the light pollution evaluation device shown in FIG.

15 is a flowchart showing a glare calculating method of the light pollution evaluation device shown in FIG.

16 is a flowchart showing an energy saving evaluation method of the light pollution evaluation device shown in FIG.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of processing results output from the light pollution evaluation device shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing an example of a light pollution evaluation method of the light pollution evaluation device shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram for explaining the relationship between the upper luminous flux ratio and the leakage light rate.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram for explaining the relationship between the amount of leaked light and the illumination rate.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... CPU, 2 ... RAM, 3 ... ROM, 4 ... Input section, 5
... Output section, 6 ... Lighting equipment database, 7 ... Guideline database, 8 ... Light pollution evaluation processing program, 9 ... Program data, 10 ... Processing data

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A step of calculating a plurality of evaluation items used for evaluation of light pollution by a lighting fixture, based on input information regarding a street where the lighting fixture is installed, a placement of the lighting fixture on the street, and specifications of the lighting fixture. A light pollution evaluation program that causes a computer to execute. 2. The light pollution evaluation program according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of evaluation items include at least an illumination rate of a lighting fixture, an upper luminous flux ratio, a glare, and an energy saving item. A characteristic light pollution evaluation program. 3. The light pollution evaluation program according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of evaluation items include an item related to a light leakage rate of a lighting fixture. program. 4. The light pollution evaluation program according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of evaluation items include a power consumption amount and a carbon dioxide emission amount of the lighting equipment. A light pollution evaluation program. 5. The light pollution evaluation program according to claim 1, wherein, for each of the plurality of calculated evaluation items, whether or not the calculated value satisfies a predetermined condition. A light pollution evaluation program, characterized by causing a computer to execute a step of determining whether or not a predetermined condition is not satisfied for an evaluation item that does not satisfy a predetermined condition. 6. The light pollution evaluation program according to claim 1, wherein the computer executes a step of calculating and comparing the evaluation items for specifications of a plurality of different lighting fixtures. A light pollution evaluation program characterized by: 7. The light pollution evaluation program according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a light calculated based on a total efficiency and a lighting rate of the lighting fixtures for specifications of a plurality of different lighting fixtures. A light pollution evaluation program that causes a computer to execute a step of calculating a damage evaluation amount and a step of determining the degree of light damage of each of the plurality of lighting fixtures based on the light pollution evaluation amount.