JP2003252010A - Core bar for spike, spike, tire, and footwear - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a core bar for a spike, the spike, a tire, and footwear capable of providing high safety on a frozen road surface without scratching the road surface. <P>SOLUTION: This core bar for the spike is provided with a plurality of wirelike core materials 11 impregnated by a first polymer material having temperature response property and a cover material 12 for wrapping and bundling a plurality of wirelike core materials 11. The temperature response property has such characteristic that the core bar for the spike is hardened at a temperature lower than transition temperature in the vicinity of 0°C and is softened at a temperature higher than the transition temperature. For example, spike effect appears on the frozen road surface having a temperature lower than 0°C and the core bar for the spike is softened on a non-frozen road surface having a temperature higher than 0°C so that the road surface is not scratched. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a spike core rod,
With regard to spikes, tires, and footwear, it is particularly suitable for non-slip on ice and snow, and is a so-called eco-friendly product that suppresses dust generation.
The present invention relates to a spike core rod, spikes, tires, and footwear.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a non-slip tire for a frozen road surface, a spike tire having a metal spike embedded therein has been widely used to ensure the safety of a frozen road surface in winter.
However, with the development of the car society, metal spikes scraped the paved roads, leading to an increase in “dust pollution” and “road surface repair costs”.
As an alternative to this, studless tires have appeared and dust pollution has been eliminated. In addition, shoe soles with embedded spikes also damage the synthetic tiles and marbles of the flooring material, and metal has become a problem in terms of human safety in trains, etc., and many local governments have banned it.

[0003]

The conventional studless tires as described above have a problem in safety on a frozen road surface instead of cutting the road surface. In Japan, the Metal Spike Prohibition Ordinance was enforced, but there are still problems in ensuring the performance of downhill and uphill slopes in large vehicles and mountainous areas.

[0004] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a spike mandrel, a spike, a tire and footwear which do not damage the road surface and have high safety on a frozen road surface.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, the spike core rod 10 according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises:
For example, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of linear core materials 11 impregnated with a first polymer material having temperature responsiveness; and a cover material that wraps and bundles the plurality of linear core materials 11. The temperature responsiveness is a property of being hardened at a temperature lower than the transition temperature near 0 ° C. and being softened at a temperature higher than the transition temperature (for example, shown in FIG. 13). The impregnant is typically plastic, with epoxy resin being particularly suitable.

According to this structure, a plurality of linear core materials 11 impregnated with the first polymer material having temperature responsiveness and a cover for enclosing and bundling the plurality of linear core materials 11. Material 12 and has the property that the temperature responsiveness is hardened at a temperature lower than the transition temperature near 0 ° C. and softened at a temperature higher than the transition temperature, the present spike core rod is, for example, a frozen road surface lower than 0 ° C. Causes a spike effect and softens on an unfrozen road surface at a temperature higher than 0 ° C., so that the road surface is not damaged.

In order to achieve the above object, the spike according to the invention according to claim 2 is, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, a spike core rod 10 according to claim 1, and a cylindrical shape for holding the core rod 10. And a holding structure 23 made of a second polymer material having temperature responsiveness, having a holding hole formed in the center thereof; said temperature responsiveness being hardened at a temperature lower than a transition temperature near 0 ° C., It has the property of softening at a temperature higher than the transition temperature.
Here, the second polymer material is, for example, plastic, rubber or the like.

In order to achieve the above object, the spike according to the invention according to claim 3 is made of a second polymer material having temperature responsiveness, as shown in, for example, FIG. 1 (c) and FIG. A holding structure 23 having a cylindrical holding hole formed in the center thereof
A core rod 20 held in the holding hole, the core rod 20 including a linear core member 21 and a cover member 22 surrounding the core member 21; Responsiveness is such that the material is hardened at a temperature lower than the transition temperature, softened at a temperature higher than the transition temperature, and the transition temperature is near 0 ° C. The second polymer material is, for example, plastic, rubber or the like.

In order to achieve the above object, the spike according to the invention according to claim 4 is made of a second polymer material having temperature responsiveness, as shown in, for example, FIGS. 1 (c) and 2. A holding structure 23 having a cylindrical holding hole formed in the center thereof
A linear core rod 22 held in the holding hole and having a hollow hole formed in the center thereof; the temperature responsiveness is hardened at a temperature lower than the transition temperature and softened at a temperature higher than the transition temperature. ,
The transition temperature is a temperature near 0 ° C.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a tire 35 according to a fifth aspect of the present invention comprises a rubber tread having a plurality of holes 36 for embedding spikes, as shown in FIG. 2 (a), for example. The spike core rod according to claim 1 embedded in the tread or the spike according to any one of claims 2 to 4.

In order to achieve the above object, the footwear according to the invention according to claim 6 includes a footwear sole 40 having a plurality of holes 41 for embedding spikes, as shown in FIG. 9, for example.
The spike core rod according to claim 1 embedded in the footwear sole 40 or the spike according to any one of claims 2 to 4. Footwear soles are typically made of rubber.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same or corresponding members are designated by the same reference numerals or similar reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a spike core rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The embodiment of the present invention basically satisfies the following items in order to secure the wear resistance of the core rod and the life extension means. (1) A material in which the core rod is superior in abrasion resistance (by a Taber abrasion tester) is selected from the tire tread rubber and the polymer composition constituting the outer periphery. (2) If the exposed road surface is at room temperature, the core rod bends to exert the effect of reducing frictional resistance. (3) A reinforced structure of uniaxial or orthogonal biaxial fibers which are composed of continuous long fibers and a polymer matrix is adopted to secure life prolonging means. (4) The temperature response is dominated by the polymer matrix, and the fiber adds an intelligent response mechanism that governs the reinforcing property.

With reference to FIG. 1, the structure of a spike core rod according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described. (A) is a perspective view which shows the structure of the core rod 10 of embodiment. A part of the cover material is cut away for easy understanding of the state of the core material. In the drawing, the spike core rod 10 is formed by bundling a plurality of linear core members 11 and covering the outer periphery of the bundle of core members 11 with a cover member 12. Speaking of electric wires for household electric appliances, the core material 11
Corresponds to a thin copper wire, and the cover material 12 corresponds to the outer cover of the electric wire. That is, a portion corresponding to the copper wire of the conventional electric wire is replaced with the fibrous core material 11.

Further, in the present embodiment, the core material 11 is impregnated with plastic. The impregnated plastic has the composition shown in FIG.

The material of the cover material 12 is a polymer material as shown in the table of FIG. The material most suitable as the cover material in the table is a polyether ether ketone resin (so-called PEEK resin). The names / maker names / product names of the polymer materials in the table are as follows. Nylon 66 / Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd./Leona 1300S Polyether ether ketone / Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd./
PEEK # 459CA30 Eye monomer resin (Ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer + Zn) / Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co., Ltd./HIM
ILAN # 1706 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (Molecular Weight 3.4 Million) / Mitsui Chemicals / HiZex Million Trifluoroethylene / Toho Kasei / TOHO-
PCTFE

Whether the materials (1) to (4) have the physical strength required for the core rod of the present invention, particularly the buckling resistance, was determined by using the test apparatus shown in FIG. That is, the buckling deformation output of the mark * at 20% deformation with respect to the steel plate was measured, and the material exceeding 6 MPa (60 kgf / cm ² ) was selected as the material of the present invention.

The fibers of the core material 11 are as shown in the table of FIG.

The spike core rod 10 according to the embodiment is shown in FIG.
The core material 11 of the material shown in Table 1 was impregnated with the liquid polymer shown in FIG. 15 and was extruded to 2 mmφ together with the cover material 12 made of the polymer material shown in FIG. 3 using an electric wire extruder. Figure 1 (a)
It is a perspective view which shows the elongate form of an "electric wire type core rod." In this figure, a part of the cover material 12 is peeled off to show the state of the core material 11. Here, the liquid polymer may be a liquid material obtained by dissolving a polymer material with a solvent, or may be heated to melt to be in a liquid state. (B) is an example of a "core rod for eco spikes" obtained by cutting the core rod of (a) to a length of 6.5 mm. A core rod of this length is suitable for spike tires and frozen road surface footwear.

In this embodiment, the core material 11 is impregnated with the polymer material described in the formulation table shown in FIG. 15 as described above. After impregnation, the core rod 10 was maintained at 125 ° C. for 8 hours in a hot air drying oven to crosslink the polymer material. As a result, the core rod 10 was formed as a so-called intelligent response mechanism, and the characteristics of the core rod 10 were measured by a shake-free damping viscoelasticity measuring machine, and it was confirmed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) was around 0 ° C. did.

A core rod 20 according to another embodiment will be described with reference to the perspective view of FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 22 is a cover material (polymer material on the outside), and rubber-based and resin-based polymer materials are used. In one example, the rubber composition shown in the formulation table of FIG. 14 was used. As an intellectual response function, Shore A hardness is 90 ° C or higher at 0 ° C, -7 ° C.
It was over 100. The cover material 22 is formed in a hollow cylindrical shape. The hollow is a loading hole for loading the core material 21.

On the other hand, the core material 21 is a solid cylindrical core material made of a single polymer material shown in the table of FIG. The core material 21 is loaded into the loading hole of the cover material 22 and combined to form the spike core rod 20. In one embodiment, the core material 21 is projected from the end surface of the cover material 22 with a projection amount of 1.5 mm. This composite structure for spike core rod 20
Is also suitable for use in spike tires and frozen road footwear.

As shown, a hollow core member 21 'having a hollow hole formed at the center of the core member 21' may be used in place of the solid core member 21 of the above embodiment to form a core rod 20 '. Good.

Preferred inorganic fiber materials for the core material 11 used in the embodiment of the present invention are as follows. (1) Silica fibers, carbon fibers, stainless steel, tungsten steel and their alloys are ultrafine fibers having a diameter of 500 μm or less. (2) These ultrafine fibers do not have rigidity and have flexibility that is very similar to that of organic fibers. (3) In the embodiment of the present invention, the metal of the conventional concept and the ultrafine fiber are distinguished from the organic fiber, and these are the inorganic fibers. (4) In one example, ultrafine fibers of stainless steel having a diameter of 40 μ were used. (5) As the organic fiber, polyaramid fiber (common name: KEVLAR (US) DuPont) was used. (6) Since these fibers do not have a softening point and the friction cross section does not heat-melt, the polymer material impregnated in the fiber bundle is repeatedly heat-melted and cooled at the tip end, but is expressed by heat friction. The cotton candy phenomenon peculiar to plastics was suppressed.

The table of FIG. 3 shows examples of the materials constituting the core material alone and the outer peripheral cover material used in the embodiment of the present invention. The table shows nylon 66 resin, trifluoroethylene resin, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (molecular weight 450
10,000) resin, eye monomer (ethylene methacrylic acid + zinc) resin, polyether / etherketone (commonly called PEE)
K) Resin. These were selected and used as the cover material for the core rod of the example of the present invention. The physical property indicates the value disclosed by the manufacturer in the catalog.

The names of polymer materials in the table are as follows.
is there. Names are shown in the order of name / maker name / product name. Nylon 66 / Asahi Kasei / Leona 1300S Polyether / etherketone / Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd./
PEEK # 459CA30 Eye monomer resin (Ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer
+ Zn) / Mitsui DuPont Polychemical Co., Ltd./HIM
ILAN # 1706 Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (molecular weight 3.4 million) / Mitsui
Gaku Co., Ltd./Hi-Zex Million Trifluoroethylene / Toho Kasei / TOHO-
PCTFE The physical strength of the above-mentioned materials, especially the buckling resistance,
The test device shown in FIG. 16 is applicable to the core rod of the present invention.
To determine. That is, for example, 20% change with respect to steel plate
The buckling deformation output of * mark in the shape was measured and 6 MPa (6
0 kgf / cm ^Two) Is a material for carrying out the present invention.
Then selected.

The table in FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the composite spike temperature and the amount of protrusion used in the examples of the present invention. The numerical values shown in the table relate to the "composite spike" having the shape shown in FIG. The following reference numerals correspond to those in FIG. 32: outer diameter of core rod 1.9 mmφ h0: length 6.5 mm & 8.5 mm h1: protrusion amount 1.5 mm 32a: fiber core diameter 0.8 mmφ 33: outer rubber diameter 5 mmφ × inner diameter 1. 8 mmφ height (h0 + h2-h1) = 10.5 mm Collar part: outer diameter 7 mmφ × thickness 1.2 mm The height h2 of the portion having a spring effect was 6 mm and 4 mm, and the protrusion amount h1 was set to 1.5 mm. The amount of protrusion of the core rod at the amount of spring deformation (6 mm / 4 mm) was determined from the results of compression experiments under a load of 1000 N (100 kgf) at each temperature. h4: amount of compression of the holding structure 33

The dimensions of the core rod implemented in the present invention are shown below. In order to secure the ice crushing ability in low-temperature ice of -7 ° C or lower, for example, in the case of a vehicle weight of 1300 cc class, it has been found that the required pin diameter is 2 mmφ. The core rod according to the embodiment of the present invention was designed based on the following calculation. Required diameter of core rod: d Penetration pressure of core rod: ρ Pin / Tread load ratio: ν Total weight of car: Wc Limit speed: Vcr Furthermore, the car is equipped with four tires, one of which is a tire If the number of pins embedded in the ground contact area of is η, the following equation can be obtained from the force balance. νWc = πd ² ρη ... Equation 1 From this d = (νWc / πρη) ^1/2 ... Equation 2 Here, Wc = 1300 kg, ν = 0.5, ρ = 52M
If Pa (5.2 kgf / mm ² ) and η = 10, then from equation 2, d = (0.5 × 1300 × 9.81 / π × 10 × 52 ×
10 ⁶ ) ^1/2 ≈0.002 m = 2 mm.

[0029] Referring to the table of FIG. 5, the embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The material of the fiber used as the core material will be described. This table is
Combining various materials used in the embodiments of the present invention
It is the test result about the core rod, and the maximum output of the item is on the steel plate.
200N (20kgf) or more, ice crushing 200 ± 10N
The one showing the value of (20 ± 1 kgf) is described.
It The test was performed with the test apparatus shown in FIG.

Maximum output measuring capacity of the tester: 50MP
a (500 kgf / cm ² ) Determination of presence / absence of buckling: The maximum output buckled in the steel plate test is shown. Ice sample: 120 mm x 120 mm x 30 mm aluminum dish, tap water was poured to a height of 20 mm, and the ice making was cooled with the dish in a freezer set to -20 ° C for 24 hours and taken out within 5 minutes. It was measured at. Figure 1 shows the core rod.
After being attached to the pressurizing measurement shaft shown in 6, it was cooled in a freezer for 10 minutes. The diameter of the stainless steel fiber monofilament described in the material of the core rod is as fine as 10 μm, and belongs to the inorganic fiber in the present invention. Fibers of trade name Naslon / Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd. were used.

Next, the relationship between the entry speed of the core rod and the vehicle speed will be described. The relationship between the entry speed to ice and the vehicle speed is expressed by the following Equation 3. In the embodiment of the present invention, spikes for large vehicles are assumed. In that case, from the calculation result using the equation 2, with the 5 mmφ core rod, the vehicle speed when the plunge amount is 1 mm is 36 km / hr, and the plunge amount of 1.5 mm is 24 k
m / hr. Braking start speed is at least 36km / h
It is exhibited below r.

Vs / 60 = π · Dt · N · (1/1000) · (1/1000) ... Formula 3 Vs: Vehicle speed km / hr Dt: Tire wheel outer diameter mm Dw: Wheel diameter mm γ: Tire aspect Ratio N: Vehicle rotation speed rpm Dt = Dw / γ Vip: Inrush speed of core rod 5 mmφ mm / s Studless tire and spiked tire have the following differences in braking mechanism when wheel rotation stops on ice: Is. In studless tires, the loss of friction energy due to the contact area determines the braking distance. On the other hand, in the spiked tire, in addition to the friction loss due to the contact area of the tire, the energy at which the pin breaks the ice determines the braking distance. Vehicle speed when braking on ice (V's)
Is the same as the inertial velocity (Vs), and the inrush velocity (Vip
) = Limit speed (Vcr) = vehicle speed (V's). Here, rush amount in Vcr: (L) 1 mm Ice temperature: -7 ° C or lower (lower than -7 ° C) Vip: 100 mm / s (according to experimental results) If vehicle speed Vs is ice If it exceeds Vip, the spike effect will not be exerted.

When the above mechanism is expressed in the speed per second (s), the following equation is obtained. Vcr / s = π · Dt · N / s ≦ Vip / s That is, the experimental result Vip has a weight (Wc) of 2080.
It is a large vehicle of kg (= 2000 kg + 80 kg of personnel), and Pp corresponds to 52520 MPa for one tire of four tires. That is, Vs ≦ 0.0036 = Vip, and when converted into d (5 mmφ) and L (1 mm) of the core rod, Vs and Vcr are derived as 36 km / hr.

This is the core rod d (2 mm of the embodiment of the present invention.
When converted to φ), it is 2.5 times faster than the d (5 mmφ) core rod, and when converted to Vs and Vip, Vcr is 9
It is around 0 km / hr. If L is further deepened to 1.5 mm, V's must be slowed down. That is, it is inversely proportional. Therefore, when L = 1.5 mm, V
cr is estimated to be 60 km / hr. Furthermore, 1200
Assuming that the weight of a cc class vehicle is equal to 45% of that of a large vehicle, Vcr is around 40 km / h, and L = 1.
The Vcr of 5 mm is 27 km / hr. Calculating the case of commercially available ordinary cars and light four-wheeled vehicles, the weight of a 1.1200 cc class vehicle is 1300 kg, and this correction factor is
(1300kg + 80kg) / 2080kg × 100 ≒
66%. Therefore, if the weight Wc of a 2000 cc class vehicle is d'2 mm and L = 1 mm, then 1
Corrected as 35 km / h × 66% ≈90 km / h (Vcr), diameter d ′ = 2 mm · L = 1.5 mm is 90 km
/ H × 66% ≈60 km / h, respectively. 2. Vehicle weight Wc is 680kg (≈600kg + 8
The correction rate in the case of a light vehicle of 0 kg) is 680 kg / 2080 kg × 100≈33%, and Vcr when the diameter d′ 2 mm (L = 1 mm) is 135 km / h × 33% ≈45 km / h diameter d ′ = 2 mm・ Vcr when L = 1.5mm is
90 km / h × 33% ≈30 km / h. Therefore, the core rod 2 mmφ according to the embodiment exhibits the spike effect at a speed of 40 km / hr or less without being affected by the ice temperature, the ice form, and the braking start speed.

An embodiment of a product in which spikes or spike core rods are embedded will be described with reference to FIG. (A) is a partial sectional view showing an embodiment of a spike tire. The spike 30 is a core rod united spike in which a core rod 20 is inserted into the center of the truncated cone portion of a holding structure 23 in which a 7 mmφ disc-shaped brim is formed on the bottom portion of a truncated cone having a tip 4 mmφ and a bottom portion 5 mmφ. . In the figure, a part is shown in cross section. The core rod 10 may be used instead of the core rod 20.

The holding structure 23 covering the core rod 20 is composed of the composition (polymer material) shown in the formulation table of FIG. The core rod 20 is the polyether-etherketone resin shown in FIG. It is the same as the cover material described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 3A shows a state in which the tire tread of the tire 35 is loaded with the spikes 30 and united. Further, a partially enlarged view of the tire tread portion is shown. The tire has a hole 36 formed in advance in a tire body for metal spikes. In the innermost part of the hole 36, inside the tire, a cavity having a disk-shaped cross section with a diameter of 3.5 mm for fixing the brim-shaped bottom of the metal spike is formed, and between the cavity and the surface of the tire, a diameter is formed. A cylindrical hole having a diameter of 2 mm and a length of 10 mm is formed. When the spike 30 is embedded in the hole 36, the hole 36 is enlarged because the hole 36 is smaller than the spike 30, and the spike 30 is firmly held by the tire 35.

Shown in (b) is the case where the core rod 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to the sole of footwear. Footwear sole 40
A hole 41 having a diameter smaller than that of the core rod 10 and a depth shallower than the entire length of the core rod 10 is formed therein. About 6 in the hole 41.
A 5 mm core rod 10 is embedded. An adhesive may be used between the hole 41 and the core rod 10 when embedding. Further, instead of the core rod 10, the core rod 20 or the core rod 20 ′ of FIG. 1 (c) may be used.

A method of fixing spikes will be described with reference to FIG. Although the fixing method specific to the metal spike is shown, the spike or the core rod for the spike according to the embodiment of the present invention can be embedded in a tire or the like by utilizing this fixing method.

The spike 30 'shown in FIG.
The spike is similar to the spike 30 described in (a). The difference from the spike 30 is that the holding structure 23 has a cylindrical shape instead of a truncated cone shape. The tire in which the core rod is loaded has a groove 37 as a large groove, a sipe 38 as a small groove, and a spike loading hole 36 '.

As shown in (a), spike 30 'is loaded in spike loading hole 36'. That is, the loading hole 36 'is formed smaller than the spike 30', and the loading hole 36 'corresponding to the body and brim of the spike 30' is pushed open and fixed to the tread. The coalescing spikes of the embodiments of the present invention can accommodate holes for metal spikes and can also be loaded with a drive tool (not shown).
However, there is an advantage that it can be used as usual. If there is no brim and the size of the hole is larger than the spike, fix it with adhesive. An adhesive may be used for the spike with collar.

Various types of core rods, which are embodiments of the present invention, will be described with reference to the sectional views of FIG. In the figure, a plan view of the core rod (a view as seen in the direction of the center axis of the core rod) is drawn above the sectional view.

The core rod 51 shown in (a) is formed as a single body and has a solid cylindrical shape. The core rod 52 of (b) is formed in a hollow shape and has a hole in the center.
The core rod 53 of (c) is formed in a double structure, and another solid core member 53a (similar to the core rod 51 and Thin) is loaded and formed. The core rod 54 of (d) is formed in a triple structure, and another hollow core member 54b is loaded in the hole at the center of the core member 54c similar to the core member 53b. A solid core material 54a (similar to the core material 53a but thinner) is formed therein.

These core rods are loaded into insert holes which will be described later with reference to FIG.

The dimensions of a specific embodiment of the core rod 51 are shown below. The diameter a of the core rod 51 is 0.5 mmφ to 5 mmφ.
Those having a diameter of 2 mm or less are mainly used for shoes. 2 mm
Those with φ or more are used for small to large vehicles.
The length b of the core rod 51 is 5 mm to 20 mm. Passenger car classes of 5 mm to 10 mm are used, and those of large vehicles up to 20 mm are used. The dimensions are appropriately selected according to the tire size.

With reference to FIG. 8, a concrete example of various spike holding structures used in the embodiment of the present invention and a sectional view of the body thereof will be described. The figure shows a front view, a plan view, and a bottom view of each holding structure.

The holding structure 61 shown in (a) is of a conical shape, and a disk-shaped brim is formed at the bottom of the truncated cone, and a projection (projection) of a low-height inverted cone is attached to the lower part thereof. It is formed in a curved shape. A hole for loading the core rod is formed in the center of the truncated cone. The holding structure 62 shown in (b) is a cylindrical type, and is formed in a shape in which a disc-shaped brim is formed at the bottom of the cylinder and a dome-shaped (low-hemispherical) protrusion is attached to the lower part of the flange. Has been done. A hole for loading the core rod is formed in the center of the cylinder. Holding structure 63 shown in (c)
Is a star (polygon), and a disk-shaped brim is formed at the bottom of a cylinder with a star-shaped cross section, and its lower part is formed flat.
A hole for loading the core rod is formed in the center of the star-shaped cylinder.

The protrusion formed below the bottom is
The three types of holding structures have been described as being of inverted cone type, dome type, and none, but these may be combined in different ways, and the spring effect can be freely fine-tuned in the form of these bottom portions.

An embodiment of the shoe sole spike will be described with reference to the sectional view (a), bottom view (b) and perspective view (c) of the core rod in FIG. The hole 41 provided in advance in the body of the shoe sole 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention is smaller than the core rod. Further, in the present embodiment, the method of joining the core rod to the shoe sole is an adhesive method using an adhesive. Here, a core rod having no flange at its bottom is used, and an adhesive is used as a means for preventing the core rod from falling off.

As shown in the sectional view of (a), the shoe sole 40 is provided with a cylindrical hole 41 for loading a core rod in its main body. Holes 41 are provided in the sole portion and the heel portion of the shoe 40, respectively. With the core rod 10-1 and the short core rod 10-2 each having a length such that the tip of the core rod protrudes from the surface of the shoe sole when loaded into the hole, the tip of the core rod is flush with the sole. The state is shown. The holes have the same size, and the length of the core rod determines whether the tip of the core rod projects or is flush.

As shown in the bottom view of (b), the loading holes are arranged at appropriate intervals on the shoe sole. In the example, the diameter of the loading hole was 1.5 mm and the outer diameter of the core rods 10-1 and 10-2 was 1.9 mm.

The form of the core rod employed in the present embodiment will be described with reference to the perspective view of (c). The diameter of the core rod used in the examples was 1.9 mmφ. Here, (1) is a single (solid type) shape, (2) is a hollow (pipe type) shape, (3) is a fiber-containing (electric wire type) shape, and (4) is a polymer. It has a fiber shape (impregnated with a polymer material). Depending on each characteristic, it is used properly for shoe soles, tires, etc.

The configuration and materials of the intelligent response system will be described with reference to FIG. (A) is a top view of the spike,
(B) is a sectional view of the core rod in a protruding state, which corresponds to a low temperature. (C) is a cross-sectional view of the core rod being pushed into the holding structure, which corresponds to a high temperature.

The spike 31 is composed of a core rod 32 and a holding structure 33 for holding it. The core rod 32 includes a solid rod-shaped core material 32a and a hollow cover material 32 that covers the core material 32a.
and b. The holding structure 33 is composed of a cylindrical portion having a hole for loading the core rod 32 at the center and a flange portion (fixing outer ring) formed at the bottom of one end thereof.
An inverted cone or a protrusion of an inverted truncated cone is formed below the collar (on the side opposite to the cylindrical portion).

The entire length of the core rod 32 is formed longer than the depth of the hole at the center of the holding structure 33. Furthermore,
The core rod 32 projects from the end surface of the holding structure 33 on the side opposite to the flange portion in a state of being loaded in the hole at the center of the holding structure 33.

The core rod 32 located at the center of the holding structure 33 is composed of polymer-impregnated fibers obtained by impregnating fibers with a polymer material. In particular, the solid core material 32a is made of polymer-impregnated fiber. Further, the holding structure 33 is made of the temperature-responsive vulcanized rubber composition shown in the formulation table of FIG.

H1 indicates the amount of protrusion of the core rod 32 from the holding structure 33. At low temperature, the core rod 32 is rigid and the holding structure 33 is also rigid, so that the core rod 32 projects from the end surface of the holding structure 33 as shown in (b).
Therefore, the spike effect is exhibited.

At high temperature, the core rod 32 softens and the holding structure 33 also softens, so that the core rod 32 is softened as shown in (c).
When a force is applied to, the tip portion of the core rod 32 is flush with the end surface of the holding structure 33. Therefore, the spike effect disappears, roads and floor materials are not damaged, and spike wear can be prevented.

When the temperature is low, as shown in (b), the flange portion at the bottom and the conical protrusion at the bottom lose the spring effect and become rigid, and when the temperature is high, as shown in (c), the flange portion at the bottom and the conical portion at the bottom portion. The bulge softens and regains the spring effect. The height h2 of the collar portion and the protruding portion is compressed to h2 '.

Here, the low temperature corresponds to a road surface during snow accumulation or a frozen road surface, and the high temperature corresponds to a state where the road surface is exposed with no snow and at room temperature. As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, since the viscoelasticity of the core rod 32 and the holding structure 33 has a temperature responsiveness, the compressive deformation rate when a force is applied to the core rod 32 changes, and at high temperature. Acts as a spring and as a rigid spike at low temperatures.

The table of FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the temperature and the amount of protrusion of the spike having the structure of FIG. ± mm of the protrusion control indicates the protrusion size of the core rod, the numerical value of-indicates the buried region on the ground plane, and the numerical value of + indicates the protruding region. The numerical value shown in parentheses indicates the control temperature at which the protrusion is zero. In the present embodiment, the spring area 6 mm is intended for the snow area of -1 to -5 ° C and is 4 mm.
Is controlled assuming a frozen road surface that sometimes exceeds -7 ° C.

A braking test using a studless tire using an automobile and a spike tire which is an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the schematic diagram of FIG. In this test, -7
A test using a tire equipped with a spike core rod having an outer diameter of 5 mmφ was conducted on smooth ice at ℃.

In the figure, indicates a state in which a 1300 cc class vehicle is approaching at a speed of 40 km / hr or more. Indicates the position where the vehicle entered at a speed of 40 km / hr and brake braking was started (locked state). Indicates the distance that the spike does not penetrate into the ice. Indicates the position where the speed starts to plunge into the ice after being decelerated to 36 km / hr. Indicates the stop position of the studless. In the area of
It shows the distance at which ice breaking energy + frictional resistance of the tread function in a weighted manner. This distance is a. Indicates the stop position of the spike. The distance from to here is b.
Indicates that a studless tire having a large ground contact area will decelerate to 36 km / hr in a shorter distance than a spike. Indicates the distance that the spike does not penetrate into the ice. An opposite force acts on the spikes to hinder the contact between the tire and the ice disk, which reduces the frictional resistance and lengthens the area decelerated to 36 km / hr. Further, a indicates a braking distance in the case of a studless tire, and b indicates a braking distance in the case of a spike tire. Braking performance is better with studless tires at a speed of 40 km / h and a at a limit speed of 36 km / h.
-B = c, the braking performance of the core rod according to the embodiment of the present invention is improved, and the difference c in braking distance at the limit speed is
It is shown shaded in the figure. In addition, in the figure, (a) is an overall view, and (b) is a diagram in which ab = c is extracted and shown for easy understanding.

That is, it is shown that the stopping distance becomes shorter when the braking start speed of the spiked tire is 36 km / hr or less. Therefore, during low speed running other than artificial ice that is unrealistically cold and processed into a mirror surface, the braking distance is shorter for the spike.

Studless tires had problems at ice above -3 ° C, at intersections, and on slopes and slopes. Even with the 5 mmφ spike, which is the maximum dimension of the core rod in the embodiment of the present invention, a braking effect can be exhibited on these road surfaces that are basically operated at low speed.

The diagram of FIG. 12 shows the relationship between Brinell hardness of ice, temperature, and loading time. In the figure, the vertical axis represents the Brinell hardness, which is often used as a mechanical measure of the hardness of ice, and the horizontal axis represents the reciprocal of temperature. The Brinell hardness is shown with the loading time as a parameter.

In the figure, the dotted slope curve shows the region up to -7 ° C where the hardness changes greatly, and the solid line shows the property of ice that becomes harder as the load is shorter. That is, in the core rod which is the embodiment of the present invention, the maximum goal is to overcome the slippage at a freezing path of -7 ° C or less and at a high speed of 40 km / hr ≤ (short-time load), and to overcome the problems of the present invention. Is theoretically illustrated in this figure, which shows the relationship between "Brinell hardness" (Barnes et al. 1971) and weighted time.

FIG. 12 shows that the Brinell hardness of ice becomes softer as the ice temperature near 0 ° C. to −3 ° C. and the loading time become longer. The thick core rod of the present invention shows Suitable for low speed operation on sloping ground and extremely low temperature, the thin core rod is
It is possible to overcome specular ice above 7 ° C and ensure safety and driving performance in high-speed driving.

Further, the operation of the shoe spike as shown in FIGS. 2B and 9 will be referred to. Here, as an example of a shoe, a human walking speed is about 4 km / hr, and the rush speed (Vip) of the 2 mmφ core rod according to the embodiment of the present invention is Vs and Vcr (L = 1 mm) that have already been obtained. ) 90 km / h
Based on r, for example, if the weight of the child is corrected to 20 kg, the case result corresponds to 3.8% of the weight of Vip (520 kg), and the walking speed and Vcr are about 3.43 km / hr. Further, if corrected to an adult weight of 100 kg, it corresponds to 19% of the experimental result, and the walking speed and Vcr are about 17.
It becomes 1 km / hr. From the result of the experiment by the test apparatus of FIG. 16, this is within a load pressure of 200 N (20 kgf).
Experiments have shown that it rushes into ice at 20 ° C.
In the core rod according to the embodiment of the present invention, particularly the core material having a diameter of 2 mmφ to 0.5 mmφ, the performance is further improved, and the core rod can be freely designed within this range.

With reference to FIG. 13, the results of temperature response control in the polymer material of the formulation table of FIG. 14 and the formulation table of FIG. 15 will be described. In this figure, the horizontal axis is temperature and the vertical axis is hardness (JIS
(A)) is taken. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that these compositions rapidly increase in hardness at around 0 ° C. as the temperature decreases from room temperature, and at -5 ° C. or less, the hardness becomes sufficient to have rigidity to pierce ice. Further, at room temperature, for example, 10 ° C. or higher, it exhibits a viscoelastic property. That is, it can be said that the intellectual response mechanism is expressed. The temperature responsiveness of the present invention has a hardness (JIS (A)) of 75 at 10 ° C.
Hereafter, it is preferably 70 or less, more preferably 65 or less, and at -5 ° C, 85 or more, preferably 95 or more, more preferably 100 or more.

The formulation table of FIG. 14 will be described. This formulation-1
Is an example of a second polymeric material suitable for the retention structure. *
1 is manufactured by Polynorbornene France Ad Chemie, and * 2 is manufactured by Nippon Silica Co., Ltd. A material obtained by removing sulfur from this compound-1 is mixed and kneaded by a roll mixer heated to 130 ° C., and once cooled, sulfur is added again and rolled into a rolled sheet. This composition was molded by a press using an arbitrary mold under the condition of 160 ° C. × 6 minutes to obtain a holding structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

The formulation table of FIG. 15 will be described. This formulation-2
Is an example of the first polymer material (polymer composition for fiber impregnation) of the present invention. In this embodiment, the epoxy impregnation shown in the table of FIG. 5 is also adopted. This polymer material is melted by heating the composition shown in the figure to 60 ° C. with a stirrer to prepare a solution having a polymer solid content of about 30%.

Fibers are impregnated with the above solution by the following procedure. Kevlar (trade name: KEVLAR) fiber is immersed in a bath in which the polymer composition is heated to about 80 ° C. to impregnate the fiber with the polymer composition. The impregnated fiber bundle thus produced is pulled out and wound on a bobbin as a twisted yarn having an arbitrary diameter. The above-mentioned impregnated fiber bundle was used in place of the conductor wire for an electric wire in a known extrusion device for electric wire production, while heating the resin for the cover material (outer skin) of the material shown in the table of FIG. 3 at the melting temperature of the resin. By pulling the impregnated fiber bundle so as to cover the outer periphery thereof, a long spike core rod can be obtained. In one example, the long core rod is cut into an arbitrary length of 5 to 10 mm, and in order to complete the cross-linking of the impregnated polymer, primary drying at 100 ° C. × 2 hours, secondary drying at 180 ° C. × 2 hours. It was dried with hot air for 4 hours. The capillaries at both ends of the cut fiber release the impregnating solvent in the first order and complete the crosslinking reaction in the second order. The Kevlar fiber shown in this example is pretreated by using thermoplastic polyurethane as a primer, but other combined use of resorcinol formalin resin and isocyanate is also effective. This is done to reinforce the binding of the polyamide fibers.

Here, the intelligent response action and the buckling resistance will be described. Since the core rod of the embodiment of the present invention automatically identifies and hardens a frozen road surface, if the vehicle travels on an exposed road surface in this state, it is in a situation where abrasion is likely to occur.
On ice and snowy roads, on the contrary, it works in a situation where friction does not occur. That is, this opposite action is an intelligent response action. Thus, for example, the pressure at which the 2 mmφ core rod responds on a frozen road surface and pierces the ice is a load of 200 N (20 kgf) / piece from the experimental result. On the other hand, large passenger cars (300
0 kg), the load per core rod is calculated, and assuming that there are four tires per vehicle, the load bearing ratio of one tire is 1/4, and at the same time there are 10 core rods that touch the ground. If so, the load bearing rate per core rod is 1/10
From that, it becomes 750 N (75 kgf) / piece. For a small car (1300 kg), 325N (3
2.5 kgf). In the embodiment of the present invention,
A material having a buckling strength that exceeds the numerical value on these exposed road surfaces is adopted.

The ice crushing test apparatus will be described with reference to the schematic view of FIG. This test device is a device for measuring the sticking ability of the spike core rod of the present invention. The test apparatus includes a spike replacement jig (screw fastening) 105 for mounting a core rod 106 of a test spike (for example, 2 mmφ).
Is attached to the tip of the spike sample mounting shaft 104.
An ice tray 108 is provided at the bottom of the test apparatus.
The ice in 08 is kept at a temperature of, for example, -20 ° C. The test apparatus further includes an input lever 101, and by pushing the input lever 101 downward, the test spike can be pierced into ice or pressed against a steel plate. Also, the input lever 10
Below 1, there is an intrusion amount adjusting scale interval adjusting device 103.
Is provided, and the amount of penetration is adjusted to, for example, 2 mm. Also,
Above the ice tray 108, a steel plate 107 having a thickness of about 10 mm for a spike steel plate pressing test is installed substantially horizontally. This steel plate is removable. Remove the steel plate when performing the ice crushing test with the spike piercing the ice.
It also includes a digital output display 102 that digitally displays the output. Using this test equipment, the buckling pressure on the steel plate of various core rods is verified, and the output during ice crushing is measured and measured. The test results are as shown in the table of FIG. The presence or absence of buckling was determined to be in a state of being deformed by the maximum load in the steel plate test.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, the core rod of the spike is made of one or more kinds of materials, and one or more layers of non-metallic material are provided on the outer periphery of the core rod. It is a core rod located at the center of the spike having the structure of.

The core rod has, for example, a diameter of 2 mm to 5 mm.
The size is in the range of mmφ. The load for piercing an ice board at -7 ° C with such a core rod is 400 mm with a diameter of 2 mmφ.
N (40 kgf) or less, 100 for diameter 5 mmφ
0N (100 kgf) or less, and the entry speed is 10
It is a core rod of a spike for vehicle tires and shoe soles of 0 mm / sec or more.

The core rod in the embodiment of the present invention is a polymer material, and the polymer material is impregnated in the organic or inorganic fiber as the core material at the center thereof. The non-metallic material on the outer periphery of the core rod is a spike structure composed of rubber-based and resin-based polymers and having an intelligent response mechanism in one or both materials.

In the spike structure according to the embodiment of the present invention, the core rod as described above may be directly loaded into the hole of the tire or the sole of the shoe.

In the core rod according to the embodiment of the present invention, the polymer material may have a single body structure or a hollow structure.

Conventionally, a wide variety of non-metallic spikes have been developed, but abrasion of the spike tip portion due to friction with the road surface "wear resistance" has become a problem, and as a measure to prolong its life, thicken the tip, Designs with a diameter of 3 mmφ or more have been forced.

However, the tip of the spike in the world is 2 mmφ
As standard size, cemented carbide tungsten steel, which has excellent wear resistance, is adopted and dust pollution occurs. Non-metallic spikes thicker than that (3.3 mm to 5 mmφ) exert a "slip prevention effect" on ice with natural unevenness, on snow-covered road surfaces and on relatively soft ice at 0 ° C to -3 ° C. Although the abrasion resistance was secured, there was a problem that the spike effect could not be exhibited in a substantially uniform and solid ice plate of -7 ° C or less in the ice test based on the studless tire.

The above-mentioned ice board is an artificial and special mirror surface ice which is made by repeatedly sprinkling water, and the scratches of ice are polished every braking test, and it is carried out at an extremely low temperature of -7 ° C or less. .
This is to completely eliminate the influence of the water film and stabilize the braking distance data, which is a special condition that does not exist in nature. The speed exceeds the limit speed (36 km / hr) at which the spikes penetrate the ice, but the braking test is performed at a high speed (40 km / hr). The challenge was to develop braking that overcomes such conditions.

More specifically, it is known that the core rod of 5 mmφ has a constant plunge speed of approximately 100 mm / sec regardless of the temperature of ice below -7 ° C. This is the tire surface pressure 4000N (400kg
In f), the rush speed at which the tip of the core rod penetrates 1 mm ice is 36
It is km / hr.

The fibrous material for the core material used in the embodiment of the present invention can be bent in the shape of a candle regardless of the temperature. This is a hard or semi-rigid material having a hardness of 90 (SHORE A) or less at room temperature, and if a polymer composition having a rigidity of 90 or more below freezing is liquefied and impregnated into fibers, the ice temperature is automatically identified. It becomes a core rod that develops a response mechanism.

The spike core rod may be held by forming a tire and a shoe sole from the second polymer material of the present invention, and previously forming a loading hole for the core rod in the tire and the sole. In this case, the holding structure is unnecessary, and the spike effect of the single core rod can be exhibited.

The core material may be a single solid material, or may have a hollow hole in the center thereof, and at that time, the core material itself does not have an intelligent response mechanism, and the cover material By adding temperature responsiveness to the outer peripheral part or the material that constitutes the holding structure, the hardness change is reversibly controlled with respect to temperature change, the core rod is buried at room temperature, and it does not buckle below freezing. The dynamic response mechanism can be expressed. At this time, the protrusion amount of the core rod is set to a height of about 2 mm, for example.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, even if the tip of the spike is as thin as 2 mmφ, the wear resistance can be extended, the dust pollution problem can be overcome at the same time, and the ice breaking ability can be further improved. It is possible to achieve the purpose of providing improved eco spikes.

An example of the relationship between the size of the core rod and the buckling strength will be described. Assuming that it is made of non-metal of 2 mmφ to 5 mmφ, the 2 mmφ core rod has a buckling strength of 900 N (90 kg).
f) Secure the load above. The test conditions were set as follows. 10 mm as a substitute for the paved road surface for the contact surface of the core rod tip
A thick steel material was used. The maximum load was set to 5000 N (500 kgf) and the load during deformation was measured. The deformation amount was measured by adding the deformation amount of 20% to the total length of the core rod of 10 mm. Those that did not deform in these tests were considered to satisfy the buckling strength of the present invention.

In addition to tires and shoe soles, the applied products of the present invention may be road surfaces, slopes, tunnel road surfaces, floor materials, outdoor stairs, tracks, etc., in which the core rod of the present invention is embedded. These applied products can exhibit various anti-slip effects.

[0091]

As described above, according to the present invention, a plurality of linear core materials 11 and a plurality of linear core materials impregnated with the first polymer material having temperature responsiveness. A cover material 12 for wrapping and bundling 11 is provided, and the temperature responsiveness has a property of being hardened at a temperature lower than a transition temperature near 0 ° C. and being softened at a temperature higher than the transition temperature. ℃
Since the spike effect is exhibited on a frozen road surface at a lower temperature and softened on a non-frozen road surface at a temperature higher than 0 ° C., it is possible to provide a spike core rod that does not damage the road surface.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a spike core rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional side view showing a tire and footwear according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a table of examples of polymer materials used for the cover material used in the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a table of the relationship between the temperature and the amount of protrusion of the composite spike according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a table of examples of core material fibers used in the core rod of the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view illustrating a method of fixing spikes according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a core rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a front view showing an example of the holding structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.

9A and 9B are a cross-sectional view and a bottom view showing a structural example of the footwear sole according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the configuration of the spike intelligent response system.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a braking test using a studless tire using an automobile and a spike tire that is an example of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between Brinell hardness of ice, temperature, and loading time.

FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the results of temperature response control in the polymer materials of the formulation table of FIG. 14 and the formulation table of FIG. 15.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a formulation table (formulation-1) of an example of a polymer material used for a holding structure.

FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a formulation table (formulation-2) of an example of a liquid polymer material with which the core material is impregnated in the spike core rod according to the embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a test device for performing a test for determining whether the physical strength of a material, particularly the buckling resistance, can be applied to the core rod of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

10, 20, 20 'spike dip 11, 21, 21 'core material 12,22 Cover material 30 spikes 23 Holding structure 35 tires 40 shoe sole 51, 52, 53, 54 core rod 61, 62, 63 holding structure

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of linear core materials impregnated with a first polymer material having temperature responsiveness; and a cover material that wraps and bundles the plurality of linear core materials; The temperature responsiveness is a property of hardening at a temperature lower than the transition temperature near 0 ° C. and softening at a temperature higher than the transition temperature; spike core rod. 2. The spike core rod according to claim 1, and a temperature-responsive second polymer material having a cylindrical retaining hole for retaining the core rod formed in a central portion thereof. The temperature responsiveness is a property of hardening at a temperature lower than a transition temperature near 0 ° C. and softening at a temperature higher than the transition temperature; a spike. 3. A holding structure made of a second polymer material having temperature responsiveness and having a cylindrical holding hole formed in a center thereof; a core rod held in the holding hole, wherein the wire is a wire rod. -Shaped core material, and a core rod configured to include a cover material that surrounds the core material; the temperature responsiveness is hardened at a temperature lower than the transition temperature and softened at a temperature higher than the transition temperature, The transition temperature is around 0 ° C .; spike. 4. A holding structure made of a second polymer material having temperature responsiveness and having a cylindrical holding hole formed in a central portion thereof; and a hollow hole held in the holding portion at a central portion thereof. A linear core rod formed; the temperature responsiveness is hardened at a temperature lower than the transition temperature and softened at a temperature higher than the transition temperature, and the transition temperature is a temperature near 0 ° C .; spike. 5. A rubber tread having a plurality of holes for embedding a spike; a spike mandrel according to claim 1 embedded in the tread, or any one of claims 2 to 4. And a spike as described in 1 .; 6. A footwear sole having a plurality of holes for embedding spikes; a spike mandrel according to claim 1 embedded in the footwear sole, or any one of claims 2 to 4. With spikes as described; footwear.