JP2003245686A - Water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a water treatment apparatus which is simple in structure, can remove pollutants efficiently from water, and can purify water to be recycled at low costs. <P>SOLUTION: Oxygen is supplied to raw water from a flow rate adjustment tank 10 by aeration in an attached aeration tank 20, the inside of the tank is agitated, the raw water is repeatedly brought into contact with a filter medium 21 to which aerobic microorganisms adhere, and organic pollutants in water are chiefly decomposed/removed. Next, after the pollutants are precipitated in a precipitation tank 30, organic substances in supernatant after being separated are decomposed and gasified in a biological filtration tank 40 by using metabolism action of anaerobic microorganisms, and purified treatment water is obtained finally in a treatment water tank 50. In this way, purification treatment is done surely with the structure simplified, the cost of the entire apparatus can be reduced, reliability is improved, and labor and costs for maintenance can be reduced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water treatment device for adjusting and treating water to a predetermined state, and more particularly to a water treatment device for purifying waste water from a factory, a household or the like into a reusable state.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Although the amount of domestic water used has been increasing year by year, water resources are limited, and it is required to reuse domestic waste water after use. In recent years, there has been proposed a so-called intermediate water treatment device that purifies waste water to a reusable degree by a series of treatment facilities that have been treated such as adding a third treatment tank after an individual septic tank and a combined septic tank. The treated water (medium water) obtained by such a medium water treatment device can be mainly used for toilet wash water, car wash water, watering trees, etc. About 1/5 to 1/4 of the amount can be replaced by the use of treated water.

[0003]

Since the conventional gray water treatment device is constructed as described above and has a treatment mechanism of the same idea as a large-scale wastewater treatment system, the installation cost is introduced at home. 1.3-1.5 of the combined septic tank being used
In addition to doubling, the burden of maintenance increases due to the complexity of the device, and such demerits negate the merits of reducing the environmental load by recycling wastewater, lowering the cost of water use, etc. Had a problem.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and provides a water treatment device capable of efficiently removing pollutants from water with a simple structure and purifying the water quality to a reusable state at low cost. The purpose is to provide.

[0005]

A water treatment apparatus according to the present invention is formed of a water tank having a predetermined capacity, allows a predetermined wastewater to flow in as treatment target water and temporarily stores the same, and also delivers the treatment target water. A flow rate adjusting tank which sends out to the next step while adjusting the flow rate, and a water tank which is filled with a filter medium to which aerobic microorganisms adhere, and is supplied with water to be treated from the flow rate adjusting tank,
Contamination in the water to be treated, which is formed by an adhering aeration tank that purifies the water to be treated by passing between the filter media while performing aeration, and a water to be treated that is discharged from the adhering aeration tank. A sedimentation tank for precipitating a substance, and a water tank filled with a porous filter medium to which anaerobic microorganisms are attached are supplied with the supernatant water separated from the pollutants in the sedimentation tank, and the supernatant water is passed between the filter media. The biological filtration tank for purifying the biological filtration tank through the above, and the treated water tank for sterilizing the water discharged from the biological filtration tank and storing the sterilized water.

As described above, according to the present invention, oxygen is supplied by aeration in the adhering aeration tank to the water to be treated sent from the flow rate adjusting tank and the inside of the tank is agitated, and the filter medium to which aerobic microorganisms adhere and the treatment. Repeated contact with the target water,
Decomposes and removes mainly organic pollutants in the water, then precipitates the pollutants in the settling tank, and further separates the organic matter in the supernatant water after separation into the biological filtration tank for the metabolic action of anaerobic microorganisms. By utilizing it to decompose (lower the molecular weight), gasify it, and finally obtain purified water in the treated water tank, it is possible to reliably perform purification treatment with a simple structure and reduce the cost of the entire device, The reliability can be improved, and the labor and cost of maintenance can be reduced.

Further, in the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the flow rate adjusting tank is provided with a metering adjusting section for adjusting the amount of water supplied to the adhesion aeration tank, if necessary. As described above, according to the present invention, the flow rate adjusting tank is provided with a metering adjusting unit for adjusting the amount of water to be supplied, and the amount of water to be treated to be purified in the subsequent steps can be appropriately adjusted, so that the amount of treated water can be adjusted according to the amount of treated water used. The amount of water sent from the flow rate adjusting tank can be adjusted to purify only the amount of water required as treated water, and wasteful treated water can be suppressed. Further, an appropriate amount of water to be treated can be supplied to the purification treatment step in accordance with the purification treatment capacity of the entire apparatus, so that the treatment water can be efficiently purified and the reliability of the purification treatment can be improved. Also, clogging of the filter medium is less likely to proceed, and maintenance costs can be reduced.

Further, in the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the flow rate adjusting tank is provided with an air ejection port, and air is sent into the water to be treated, if necessary. As described above, in the present invention, air is sent to the water to be treated in the flow rate adjusting tank to supply oxygen into the water to be treated and to stir the inside of the tank, thereby promoting the flow of the stored water to be treated. The decomposition of the water to be treated can be prevented and the water to be treated can be homogenized.

Further, in the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the attached aeration tank is filled with oyster shells as a filter material in an irregularly arranged state, and a jet of aeration air is installed at a lower portion, if necessary. It is something. As described above, in the present invention, the filter medium to be filled in the adhering aeration tank is oyster shell, and the jet of aeration air is arranged in the lower part of the adhering aeration tank to send sufficient oxygen by aeration between the filled oyster shells. By incorporating the oyster shells, the aerobic microorganisms on the surface of the oyster shells and the air will efficiently come into contact with each other, so that the organic substance decomposing effect of the bacteria can be maximized, and the aerobic microorganisms will surely decompose organic pollutants in the water to be treated. Can be removed. Furthermore, when the water to be treated contains chlorine compounds, the pH of the water to be treated can be adjusted by dissolving Ca in the oyster shell, and the pH of the water can be adjusted to an appropriate state to maximize bacterial activity. Therefore, the efficiency of the purification process can be maintained.

Also, in the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the biological filtration tank may have a size of 5 as a part of the filter medium, if necessary.
It is filled with a granular porous material having a size of about 15 mm. As described above, in the present invention, a part of the filter medium to be filled in the biological filter tank is a granular porous material, and the surface area of the filter medium is sufficiently ensured so that the anaerobic microorganisms on the surface of the filter medium are efficiently treated with water containing pollutants. By bringing them into close contact with each other, the organic substance decomposing action of the bacteria can be maximized, and the organic pollutants in the water can be surely decomposed and removed by the anaerobic microorganisms.

Further, in the water treatment apparatus according to the present invention, the biological filtration tank has, if necessary, a facultative anaerobic microbial group belonging to an acid-producing bacterium and an absolutely anaerobic methanogenic bacterium attached to a filter medium. It is a thing. As described above, in the present invention, the anaerobic microorganisms attached to the filter medium in the biological filtration tank are acid-producing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria, and the high-molecular organic matter that is a pollutant contained in water is acetic acid-producing bacteria, propionic acid, After decomposing into volatile organic acids such as butyric acid and lower alcohols, and then decomposing the resulting organic acids into methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc. with a methanogenic bacterium, organic pollutants in water can be efficiently reduced. It can be decomposed and removed in time, and the purification capacity of the water to be treated can be further improved.

[0012]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A water treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. The water treatment device according to the present embodiment uses domestic wastewater as treatment target water to obtain reusable treated water by purification treatment. Figure 1
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram of a water treatment device according to the present embodiment.

As shown in each of the above figures, the water treatment apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment is a flow rate adjusting tank 1 in which domestic wastewater from a general household or the like is introduced as water to be treated and temporarily stored.
0, an aeration tank 20 for filtering pollutants in the water to be treated supplied from the flow rate adjusting tank 10 and decomposing them by aerobic microorganisms, and a waste water from the aeration tank 20 for inflow to flow in to settle the pollutants. A settling tank 30 to be separated, and a biological filter tank 40 which is supplied with supernatant water after being separated from pollutants in the settling tank 30 and which filters organic matters in the supernatant water and decomposes by the metabolic action of anaerobic microorganisms. A treated water tank 50 for sterilizing and storing the treated water discharged from the biological filtration tank 40.

The flow rate adjusting tank 10 is a water tank that collects and temporarily stores the water to be treated and supplies it to the next step while adjusting the amount of treated water, and its effective capacity is 2/3 or more of the amount of treated water per day. It is a configuration that is said to be. In the flow rate adjusting tank 10, air bubbles are jetted to dissolve oxygen in the water to be treated, and the air jetting device 11 that agitates the water to be treated to homogenize the water to be treated, and the water to be treated to the next process side. A pump 12 for transferring, a measurement adjusting unit 13 for measuring the water to be treated pumped up by the pump 12 to adjust the amount of water to be sent, and an over-blow pipe for letting the water out when a wastewater having a treatment capacity or more flows in. Attached devices such as (not shown) are provided.

The adhesion aeration tank 20 is the flow rate adjusting tank 1
It is a water tank having an effective capacity of 3/5 or more of 0, a filter bed is formed by filling the inside of the filter medium 21, and the water to be treated which has flowed out of the flow rate adjusting tank 10 is made to flow down from the upper part and passed between the filter medium 21. The configuration is such that the pollutant component in the water to be treated is physically filtered and the aerobic microorganisms attached to the filter material 21 decompose the pollutant component.

The adhering aeration tank 20 is provided with an air diffuser 22 for ejecting fine bubbles to the water to be treated to dissolve oxygen in the air, and the filter medium 2 is aerated from the lower part of the tank.
This is a mechanism in which sufficient oxygen is supplied during the period 1, the aerobic microorganisms attached to the filter medium 21 are propagated and activated, and the decomposition of organic substances by the aerobic microorganisms is promoted. Oyster husks are used as the filter material 21, and the oyster husks in the shape of granular oysters are placed in a resin net bag, and the oyster husks are slightly smaller than 20 to 50 m.
1 plastic mesh bag containing crushed pieces of about m
The filter bed is formed by stacking layers to have a thickness of 0 to 15 cm. The filter medium 21 is provided with a plastic louver 23 for every 20 to 25 cm of stacking to flatten air bubbles. The oyster shell that is the filter material 21 has an irregular shape and a state of being arranged in a bag in order to effectively make contact with air, and is filled up to 55% to 60% of the effective capacity of the adhesion aeration tank 20.

Also, in combination with this adhesion aeration tank 20,
A backwashing device (not shown) that causes water to flow backward to separate the thickened biofilm from the filter medium 21, an air lift pump (not shown) that pumps up sludge that has settled in the tank, and suction removal of sludge that is difficult to pump up A cleaning port (not shown) for this purpose, a scum skimmer (not shown) for transferring scum generated on the water surface at the time of backwashing the filter medium 21, and the like are provided.

The settling tank 30 is a water tank having an effective capacity of 1/2 or more of that of the adhesion aeration tank 20, and settles contaminants in the water to be treated flowing from the adhesion aeration tank 20 to the upper part. In addition to the separation, the floating air in the water is separated. The supernatant water from which the contaminants have been separated is discharged from the settling tank 30 to the biological filtration tank 40 in the next step.

The biological filtration tank 40 is the adhesion aeration tank 2
It is a water tank having an effective capacity of ½ or more of 0, and contains predetermined filter media 41 and 42 in a state of occupying 50% or more of the capacity inside, and the water to be treated is temporarily stored in the tank from the settling tank 30. It is made to flow into the lower part and raised from the lower part,
It is intended to physically filter the polluted components in the water to be treated through the space 42, and to purify the water by utilizing the metabolic action of the anaerobic microorganisms living on the surfaces of the filter media 41, 42. As the filter medium 41, granular oyster shells crushed to a size of about 20 to 50 mm and put in a resin net bag are used for 15 to
Used as 20 cm thick. On the other hand, above the filter medium 41,
As the filter material 42, granular porous waste material having a size of about 5 to 15 mm, for example, a cinder of coal used for combustion in a thermal power plant is laminated by a predetermined thickness.

In this biological filtration tank 40, filter media 41, 42
By utilizing the metabolic action of the anaerobic microorganisms on the surface, the molecular weight of organic substances is reduced and finally gasified. That is, by facultative anaerobic microorganisms belonging to the acid-producing bacterium, high molecular organic matter in water is decomposed into volatile organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and lower alcohols, and further, the organic acid is absolutely It is a mechanism that is decomposed into methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc. by anaerobic methanogens.

The treated water tank 50 is a tank for storing treated water discharged through the biological filtration tank 40 after sterilizing and disinfecting it, and its effective capacity is about 2 times the amount of water used as medium water per day. The configuration is / 3. At the inlet of the treated water tank 50, a disinfecting device 51 for sterilizing and disinfecting pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli in the water to be treated by mixing a chlorine-based germicide into the water to be treated is disposed. In addition, the treated water tank 50 has a treated water intake portion 5
2 is also provided, and the treated water taken here is provided for use.

Next, the purification process in the water treatment device according to this embodiment will be described. The water to be treated flows into the flow rate adjusting tank 10 and is temporarily stored therein, and then is sent to the adhering aeration tank 20 in the next step while the amount of water to be sent is adjusted by the measurement adjusting unit 13. By sending air to the water to be treated in the flow rate adjusting tank 10, the flow of the water to be treated is promoted in the tank,
Water spoilage can be prevented, and the water to be treated can be homogenized by the stirring effect.

In the adhering aeration tank 20, relatively large contaminants are removed from the water to be treated supplied from the flow rate adjusting tank 10 by physical filtration with the filter medium 21. Further, by injecting air from the air diffuser 22, that is, aeration, sufficient oxygen is supplied between the oyster shells as the filled filter medium 21 and the inside of the tank is agitated so that the water to be treated and the filter medium 21 are adhered to each other. Repeated contact with the biofilm of aerial microorganisms. As a result, the organic substance decomposing action of bacteria is maximized, and the organic pollutants in the water to be treated are decomposed and removed. Even if the water to be treated contains chlorine compounds, Ca in the oyster shells
The pH of the water to be treated can be maintained in an appropriate state by the dissolution of, and the efficiency of the purification treatment can be maintained without suppressing the activity of microorganisms.

If the biofilm is thickened more than necessary due to the continuation of the purification treatment to reduce the gap between the filter media 21 and impair the fluidity of the water to be treated, a backwashing device (not shown) is activated. Water to flow back to separate the biofilm from the filter medium 21,
Ensure that a suitable gap between the filter media 21 is maintained. The water that has passed through the adhesion aeration tank 20 reaches the settling tank 30, and while the water containing the pollutant slowly flows in the settling tank 30, the pollutant is settled and settles and accumulates at the bottom. The supernatant water from which contaminants have been separated is transferred from the sedimentation tank 30 to the biological filtration tank 40 in the next step.
Flow into.

In the biological filtration tank 40, first, for the pollutant components remaining in the water flowing from the settling tank 30, first, the filter media 41, 4
2 Among the anaerobic microorganisms on the surface, the metabolic action of a facultative anaerobic microorganism group belonging to an acid-producing bacterium lowers the molecular weight of high-molecular organic substances, that is, volatile organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. And lower alcohols. Then, the organic acid is decomposed into methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia and the like by the metabolic action of the absolutely anaerobic methanogen, and is removed from water. In addition to this, relatively large contaminants are removed by physical filtration with the filter media 41, 42.

The treated water discharged from the biological filtration tank 40 enters the treated water tank 50, is sterilized and disinfected with E. coli and the like by a chlorine-based bactericide, and is then stored in the treated water tank 50 for a predetermined period. The stored treated water is sent to the required places such as toilet flushing water and irrigation of trees through the water intake unit 52 for use.

As described above, in the water treatment apparatus according to the present embodiment, oxygen is supplied by aeration in the adhering aeration tank 20 to the water to be treated from the flow rate adjusting tank 10 and the inside of the tank is agitated. The filter medium 21 to which aerobic microorganisms adhere is repeatedly brought into contact with the water to be treated to decompose and remove mainly organic pollutants in the water, and then the pollutants are precipitated in the settling tank 30 and then separated. Since the organic matter in the subsequent supernatant water is decomposed and gasified in the biological filtration tank 40 by utilizing the metabolic action of anaerobic microorganisms, and finally the purified water can be obtained in the treated water tank 50, the structure is simple. The purification process can be performed reliably, the cost of the entire apparatus can be reduced, the reliability can be improved, and the labor and cost of maintenance can be reduced. In addition, the measurement adjustment unit 13 of the flow rate adjustment tank 10
Since it is possible to appropriately adjust the amount of water to be sent to the next process and thereafter, the amount of water to be sent from the flow rate adjusting tank 10 can be adjusted according to the amount of treated water used, so that only the amount of water required as treated water can be purified, which is wasteful. Generation of treated water can be suppressed. In addition, in the water treatment apparatus which concerns on the said embodiment, although it is set as the structure which uses the oyster shell as the filter medium 21 in the adhesion aeration tank 20, it is not restricted to this but other porous materials are used for the purpose of decomposing and removing an organic substance. It is also possible to adopt a configuration using a filter medium.

[0028]

As described above, according to the present invention, oxygen is supplied by aeration in the adhering aeration tank to the water to be treated from the flow rate adjusting tank and the inside of the tank is agitated to attach aerobic microorganisms. The filter medium and the water to be treated are repeatedly contacted to decompose and remove mainly organic pollutants in the water, and then the pollutants are allowed to settle in the settling tank. By decomposing and gasifying by utilizing the metabolic action of anaerobic microorganisms in the filtration tank, and finally obtaining purified water in the treated water tank, purification treatment can be performed reliably with a simple structure, The cost can be reduced, the reliability can be improved, and the labor and cost for maintenance can be reduced.

Further, according to the present invention, the treated water is used by arranging a metering adjustment unit for adjusting the amount of water supply in the flow rate adjusting tank and appropriately adjusting the amount of water to be treated for purification treatment in the subsequent steps. The amount of water sent from the flow rate adjusting tank can be adjusted according to the amount, and only the amount of water required as treated water can be purified, and the effect that wasteful treated water is suppressed can be suppressed. further,
An appropriate amount of water to be treated can be supplied to the purification treatment process in accordance with the purification capacity of the entire device, and the water to be treated can be efficiently purified, the reliability of the purification treatment can be improved, and the filter media can be improved. It is also difficult to proceed with the clogging, and the maintenance cost can be reduced.

Further, according to the present invention, oxygen is sent to the water to be treated in the flow rate adjusting tank, oxygen is supplied into the water to be treated, and the inside of the tank is agitated so that the flow of the stored water to be treated is changed. As a result, the water to be treated can be prevented from spoiling.

Further, according to the present invention, the filter medium to be filled in the adhering aeration tank is made of oyster shells, and the jet of air for aeration is arranged at the lower part of the adhering aeration tank so that the space between the filled oyster shells is sufficiently aerated. By sending oxygen, the aerobic microorganisms on the surface of the oyster shell and the air are efficiently contacted, and the organic substance decomposing effect of the bacteria can be maximized, and the aerobic microorganisms remove organic pollutants in the water to be treated. Can be reliably decomposed and removed. Furthermore, when the water to be treated contains chlorine compounds, the pH of the water to be treated can be adjusted by dissolving Ca in the oyster shell, and the pH of the water can be adjusted to an appropriate state to maximize bacterial activity. Therefore, it is possible to maintain the efficiency of the purification treatment.

Further, according to the present invention, the filter medium to be filled in the biological filtration tank is made of a granular porous material, and the surface area of the filter medium is sufficiently secured so that anaerobic microorganisms on the surface of the filter medium are efficiently treated with water containing pollutants. By bringing them into close contact with each other, the effect of decomposing the organic matter of bacteria can be exerted to the maximum, and the anaerobic microorganisms can surely decompose and remove the organic pollutants in the water.

Further, according to the present invention, the anaerobic microorganisms adhering to the filter material in the biological filtration tank are acid-producing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria, and the high-molecular organic matter which is a pollutant contained in water is acetic acid-producing bacteria. After decomposing into volatile organic acids such as propionic acid and butyric acid, and lower alcohols, the resulting organic acids are decomposed into methane, carbon dioxide, or ammonia by methanogens to remove organic pollutants in water. This has the effect that it can be efficiently decomposed and removed in a short time, and the purification treatment capacity of the water to be treated can be further improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration explanatory diagram of a water treatment device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Water treatment device 10 Flow rate adjustment tank 11 Air diffuser 12 pumps 13 Weighing adjustment section 20 Adhesive aeration tank 21 Filter media 22 Air diffuser 23 plastic louvers 30 settling tank 40 biological filtration tank 41, 42 filter media 50 treated water tank 51 disinfectant 52 Water intake

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Yasuyuki Kawamoto             1627-14 Oho, Ogori-shi, Fukuoka F-term (reference) 4D003 AA01 AB02 BA01 BA02 BA04                       CA02 CA05 CA07 CA08 DA02                       DA18 DA19 DA22 EA01 EA22                       EA23 EA31 FA10                 4D027 AA01 AA14 AA20 AB07 AB14                 4D040 BB51 BB91

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A flow rate adjusting tank which is formed of a water tank having a predetermined capacity, in which a predetermined waste water is made to flow in as treatment target water to be temporarily stored, and at the same time the delivery flow rate of the treatment target water is regulated to be transmitted to the next step. And an adhering aeration tank that is formed of a water tank filled with a filter medium to which aerobic microorganisms adhere, is supplied with water to be treated from the flow rate adjusting tank, and purifies the water to be treated by passing it through the filter medium while performing aeration. , A settling tank that is formed of a water tank of a specified capacity, is supplied with the water to be treated discharged from the aeration tank for adhering, and precipitates contaminants in the water to be treated, and a porous filter medium to which anaerobic microorganisms adhere A biological filtration tank that is formed by a water tank that is supplied with the supernatant water that has been separated from the pollutants in the precipitation tank and that purifies the supernatant water by passing it through the filter media, and the water discharged from the biological filtration tank. Save after sterilizing Water treatment device, characterized in that it comprises a treating tank for. 2. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate adjustment tank is provided with a metering adjustment unit that adjusts a water supply amount to the adhesion aeration tank. . 3. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flow rate adjusting tank is provided with an air ejection port, and air is sent into the water to be treated. apparatus. 4. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the adhering aeration tank is filled with oyster shells as a filter medium in an irregularly arranged state, and the aeration air outlet is provided. A water treatment device that is installed at the bottom. 5. The water treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the biological filtration tank has a size of 5 to 15 as a part of a filter medium.
A water treatment device characterized by being filled with a granular porous material having a size of about mm. 6. The water treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the biological filtration tank contains a facultative anaerobic microorganism group belonging to an acid-producing bacterium and an absolutely anaerobic methanogenic bacterium in a filter medium. A water treatment device characterized by being attached.