JP2003245000A - Generator and power generating apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a generator with high efficiency. <P>SOLUTION: This generator includes a first object 106 having windings 102, 103 and 104, and a second object 107 having an iron core 109, and permanent magnets 111, 112, 113 and 114. Inductance is set so as to be asymmetric relative to a straight axis, thus providing the generator 101 with high efficiency by making effective use of reluctance force. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a generator and a generator for converting mechanical power such as rotary motion obtained from hydraulic power, thermal power, nuclear power, or natural energy into electric power and supplying it to various loads. is there.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-150928 is a bicycle generator 1 as shown in FIG.
Is composed of a stator portion 2 and a rotor portion 3, and is provided with a power generation coil 8 and a magnet 14.

With such a structure, it can be retrofitted to an existing bicycle, and the power generation coil 8 provided in the stator portion 2 and the magnet 14 of the rotor portion 3 face each other, and the wheels 17 rotate. Is used to generate electricity.

[0004]

In the above-mentioned conventional technology, the content of the magnet 14 and the magneto coil 8 is made small so that the magnetic flux passing through the magneto coil 8 is strengthened. It shows only the power generation action using the electromagnetic force by the magnet, that is, the permanent magnet and the power generation coil, that is, the winding, and the change in the inductance of the winding is used because the inductance value of the winding is almost constant. It was a structure that did not generate electricity at all.

Therefore, for example, using the same winding,
In order to efficiently generate power, the permanent magnet used by itself must be large or strong, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost and shape.

The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned first problem, and is particularly advantageous in terms of cost and shape and high in efficiency by reasonably utilizing the change in the inductance of the winding. It realizes a power generation operation.

[0007]

In order to solve this problem, the present invention comprises a first object having a winding wire and a second object having an iron core and a permanent magnet, and the inductance of the winding wire is direct. It is asymmetric with respect to the axis, and by converting mechanical power (relative motion) into electrical power, power is generated through the reluctance force generated due to the change in the inductance of the windings, and in terms of cost and shape. This is an advantageous and highly efficient power generation operation.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is
A first object having a winding and a second object having a core and a permanent magnet provided so as to be movable relative to the first object are provided, and the winding has an inductance of the winding with respect to a direct axis. Is asymmetrical, and outputs electric power with the relative motion between the first object and the second object as input, so that electromagnetic force due to interaction between the permanent magnet and the current of the winding is generated. In addition, the present invention provides a generator that enables power generation operation through the reluctance force that occurs due to the change in the inductance of the winding, which is advantageous in terms of cost and shape, and realizes highly efficient power generation operation. .

According to a second aspect of the invention, the maximum point of the inductance of the winding of the generator of the first aspect is the maximum point of the absolute value of the electromotive force generated by the interaction between the winding and the permanent magnet. By adopting the advanced phase as well, both the electromagnetic force due to the current of the permanent magnet and the winding and the reluctance force generated due to the change in the inductance of the winding can be more reasonably utilized and higher You get efficiency.

The invention according to claim 3 is realized with a relatively simple structure because the thickness of the permanent magnet of the generator according to claim 1 or 2 is uneven. It is possible to realize highly efficient power generation operation by utilizing reluctance power.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric circuit connected to the winding of the generator according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the electric circuit includes a switching element and the switching element. It has a drive circuit for turning on and off the switching element and a position detection circuit, and the position detection circuit includes a first object and a second object.
By detecting the relative position of the object and outputting it to the drive circuit, the phase of the current flowing in the winding can be maintained in a state in which the device is operated with high efficiency, so The power generation operation is performed.

[0012]

EXAMPLES Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Generator 101
Has three-phase windings 102, 103, 104,
Electrical circuit 10 connected to windings 102, 103, 104
Have five.

The windings 102, 103, 104 are provided on a fixed first object 106, while the second object 1
07 is rotatably provided around the shaft 108, and has an iron core 109 and permanent magnets 111, 112, 113, 114 which are formed by laminating silicon steel plates.

The electric circuit 105 includes switching elements 121, 122, 123, 12 composed of IGBTs.
4, 125, 126, electrolytic capacitor 127, switching elements 121, 122, 123, 124, 12
The drive circuit 128 for turning on and off 5, 126 has a position detection circuit 134 composed of three Hall ICs 131, 132, 133.

The position detection circuit 134 detects the relative positions of the first object 106 and the second object 107, and the drive circuit 12
There is a function to output to 8.

A load 140 composed of a resistor is further connected to the electric circuit 105, which converts mechanical power into electric power and outputs the electric power to the load 140.

FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the second object 107 in detail.

In this embodiment, the permanent magnets 111 and 112 are strontium type ferrite magnets having a thickness of 7 mm, and the permanent magnets 113 and 114 are neodymium type magnets having a thickness of 1.2 mm.

Generally, if the thickness of the permanent magnets is made thin, the durability against demagnetization is reduced, which causes a problem in reliability. However, in this embodiment, the thin permanent magnets 113 and 114 are made of neodymium type. Has a sufficient demagnetization resistance and ensures high reliability.

Permanent magnets 111, 112, 113, 114
Exists in the magnetic path, it acts almost as a magnetic permeability in a vacuum, so that the inductance value of the permanent magnet 11 is small.
It becomes large in the phase of 3 and 114, and conversely becomes small in the phase of the thick permanent magnets 111 and 112.

Regarding the polarity, the permanent magnets 111 and 114
Has an N pole on the outside and is bonded to the iron core 109, and the permanent magnets 112, 113 have an S pole on the outside. Therefore, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 111, 112, 113, 114, That is, the direction called the straight axis or the d axis is the right direction, and the direction orthogonal to the horizontal axis is the direction called the q axis, but this is shown as the upward direction.

FIG. 3 shows the inductance L of the generator 101 of this embodiment, the reluctance torque Tr generated by the change of the inductance L, and the permanent magnet 1 by rotation.
Magnetic fields of 11, 112, 113 and 114 are applied to the windings 102 and 1
The induced electromotive force E generated by cutting 03 and 104 is shown.

In the present embodiment, since the generator 101 has a rotating structure, the reluctance force is expressed as reluctance torque.

The reluctance torque T in FIG.
Regarding r, under the condition that the current of the winding is constant, what is generated in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation is positive, and it is shown by the polarity showing the input torque of the generator.
It is proportional to the value dL / dθ obtained by differentiating the inductance by θ.

Therefore, the maximum value of the inductance is Lmax, which is + π / 4, which is larger than the point of θ = 0, which is the maximum point of the induced electromotive force E.

Since the interaction between the winding and the permanent magnet, that is, the mechanical power absorbed by Fleming's left-hand rule is proportional to the induced electromotive force E when the winding current is the same, in the present embodiment. The configuration is such that the maximum point of the absolute value of the electromotive force generated, that is, the maximum point of the inductance L exists at a phase advanced by π / 4 from θ = 0.

As described above, in this embodiment, the permanent magnet 11 is used.
By making the thicknesses of 1, 112, 113, 114 non-uniform, the inductance of the windings 102, 103, 104 changes according to the rotation of the second object 107, and the permanent magnets 111, 112, 113. , 114, the inductance is asymmetric with respect to the direction of the magnetic field, that is, the direct axis, and as shown in FIG.
Since the absolute values of both the reluctance torque Tr and the reluctance torque Tr are almost the maximum and are in the positive direction, the structure that can absorb the most mechanical power with the same winding current is realized. Has been done.

Therefore, a large amount of mechanical power can be absorbed even with a small amount of winding current, a high voltage is generated per the number of turns of the winding, and the output electric power becomes large, resulting in efficient power generation operation. Will be possible.

FIG. 4 shows the output signals (a), (a) and (c) of the position detection circuit 134 of this embodiment and the output signals (d) (e) (f) (ki) () of the drive circuit 128. (H) (H) logic, and the switching elements 121, 122, 12
The gates 3, 124, 125, and 126 are turned on at High.

The position detecting circuit 131 is provided at the position a, the position detecting circuit 132 is provided at the position b, and the position detecting circuit 133 is provided at the position c, respectively, and the second object 107 rotates counterclockwise. Accordingly, the logic of High is sequentially output in the phase order of (A), (B), and (C), and accordingly, the output from the drive circuit 128 is also in order and the switching elements 121, 122, 123, and 124 are output in order. , 12
5,126 are operated.

As described above, the drive circuit is operated by the signal from the position detection circuit 134, so that the currents in the windings 102, 103 and 104 are substantially on the q-axis.
That is, the phase is θ = 0, but as described above, the reluctance torque and the torque generated by the induced electromotive force (Fleming's left-hand rule) are both about θ = 0 and almost maximum. Therefore, mechanical power is efficiently absorbed, and compared with the case where only permanent magnets are used,
A high voltage can be generated from the windings 102, 103, 104, and an extremely efficient power generator can be realized.

If the voltage is too high, the number of turns should be reduced, and the windings 102, 103, 1 are correspondingly reduced.
It is also possible to design to reduce the amount of copper in 04, and if the number of turns is reduced to keep the amount of copper constant, using a thick copper wire will reduce the copper loss and make it a highly efficient device. It will be possible.

In this embodiment, the electrical angle 120
Switching element 12 with an ON time corresponding to
Although all of 1, 122, 123, 124, 125 and 126 are turned on, the operation may be performed with a waveform other than such a waveform, for example, within a period of 120 degrees, for example, 1
It is also possible to perform a chopper operation (to turn on / off at a predetermined on-duty) at 5.625 kHz, or to modulate the on-duty to make the current waveform of the windings 102, 103, 104 into a sine wave or the like.

Further, the electric circuit 105 may be configured by a circuit configuration other than the 6-stone configuration.

Further, it is assumed that both the first object and the second object are linear instead of the rotational motion and linear motion called a linear motor is performed to generate electric power, and reluctance force is effectively used. The mechanical power (power) may be absorbed and converted into electric power.

Even in the rotating configuration, the number of poles of the generator 101 may be other than the two poles of this embodiment, and by increasing the number of permanent magnets and matching the specifications of the windings, four poles, six poles, etc. But what you can design is
This is similar to an electric motor or generator using a general permanent magnet.

Further, regarding the way of facing the first object and the second object, a structure in which a gap (gap) is provided in the axial direction is also possible.

[0039]

As described above, the power generator and the power generator of the present invention include the first object having the winding wire and the second object having the iron core and the permanent magnet provided so as to be movable relative to the first object. The object of which the inductance of the winding is asymmetric with respect to the direct axis and which outputs electric power with the relative movement between the first object and the second object as an input Then, the inductance of the generator, especially the winding is made asymmetric with respect to the direct axis, and the mechanical power is converted into the electric power to effectively generate the reluctance force and realize the highly efficient power generation operation.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a detailed configuration diagram of a second object 107 of the generator 101.

FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram of the inductance, the induced electromotive force, and the reluctance torque of the generator 101.

FIG. 4 is an output of the position detection circuit 134 and a drive circuit 12 of the same.
Logical waveform diagram of 8 output

FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a generator according to a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

102, 103, 104 Winding 106 First object 109 Iron core 111, 112, 113, 114 Permanent magnet 107 Second object 101 Generator 105 Electric circuit 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126 Switching element 128 Driving circuit 134 Position detection circuit

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A first object having a winding, and a second object having a core and a permanent magnet, which is provided so as to be movable relative to the first object, and the winding has an inductance of the winding. Is asymmetric with respect to the direct axis, and outputs electric power with the relative movement of the first object and the second object as input. 2. The generator according to claim 1, wherein the maximum point of the inductance of the winding is in a phase leading from the maximum point of the absolute value of the electromotive force generated by the interaction between the winding and the permanent magnet. 3. The thickness of the permanent magnet is nonuniform.
Alternatively, the generator according to claim 2. 4. An electric circuit connected to the winding of the generator according to claim 1, wherein the electric circuit is a switching element and a drive circuit for turning on and off the switching element. And a position detection circuit, wherein the position detection circuit detects the relative position of the first object and the second object and outputs the detected position to the drive circuit.