JP2003212797A - Method for recovering oxygen-containing compound from biomass-cracked tar - Google Patents

Method for recovering oxygen-containing compound from biomass-cracked tar

Info

Publication number
JP2003212797A
JP2003212797A JP2002005517A JP2002005517A JP2003212797A JP 2003212797 A JP2003212797 A JP 2003212797A JP 2002005517 A JP2002005517 A JP 2002005517A JP 2002005517 A JP2002005517 A JP 2002005517A JP 2003212797 A JP2003212797 A JP 2003212797A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
biomass
oxygen
containing compound
tar
alcohol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP2002005517A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Tomoaki Minowa
智朗 美濃輪
Shinya Sato
信也 佐藤
Akimitsu Matsumura
明光 松村
Seiichi Inoue
誠一 井上
Hisaaki Hanaoka
寿明 花岡
Ikuo Saito
郁夫 斎藤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Original Assignee
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST filed Critical National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
Priority to JP2002005517A priority Critical patent/JP2003212797A/en
Publication of JP2003212797A publication Critical patent/JP2003212797A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively utilize biomass by separating and recovering an oxygen- containing compound and oil components usable as a fuel oil from tar by- produced by subjecting the biomass to carbonization or thermal cracking. <P>SOLUTION: The oxygen-containing compound included in the tar by-produced by the carbonization or the thermal cracking of the biomass is extracted with an alcohol and water as an extractant to separate and recover the oxygen- containing compound and the oil components. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】Detailed Description of the Invention

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、バイオマスを炭化また
は熱分解処理して得られるタールから、含酸素化合物及
び油分を回収する方法に関するものである。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for recovering oxygen-containing compounds and oil from tar obtained by carbonizing or pyrolyzing biomass.

【0002】[0002]

【従来技術】従来より、木材や木質系廃棄物、古紙など
のバイオマスの利用あるいは処理方法として、炭化や熱
分解が行われているが、副成する熱分解タールの利用方
法は無く、廃棄しているのが現状であった。一方、特開
平3−90043号には、フェノールおよびその誘導体
を含有する炭化水素油からフェノールおよびその誘導体
をアルコールと水を含む溶媒で抽出して回収する方法が
示され、また、特開2001−72634号において
は、この回収手段をさらに改良し、溶媒の循環使用をよ
り効率的にしたフェノールおよびその誘導体の回収プロ
セスについて示されている。
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, carbonization and thermal decomposition have been carried out as a method for utilizing or treating biomass such as wood, wood-based waste, and waste paper, but there is no method for utilizing by-product pyrolyzed tar and it is discarded. It was the current situation. On the other hand, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-90043 discloses a method of extracting phenol and its derivative from a hydrocarbon oil containing phenol and its derivative with a solvent containing alcohol and water, and recovering them. In No. 72634, there is shown a recovery process of phenol and its derivatives in which the recovery means is further improved to make the recycling of solvent more efficient.

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】本件発明の課題は、現
状廃棄されている、バイオマスの炭化または熱分解処理
において得られるタールの有効利用を図るため、該ター
ル中に含まれる有用成分及び油分をそれぞれ効率的に分
離回収しようとするものである。しかし、バイオマスを
炭化または熱分解処理して得られるタールの酸素含有率
は20重量%以上と非常に高く、該タール中には、フェ
ノールおよびその誘導体のみでなく、フラン系化合物、
ケトン類、アルデヒド類等の様々な含酸素化合物が含ま
れている。そして、これら含酸素化合物には有用な化合
物も多い反面、これら含酸素化合物に起因して該タール
は酸性を示すとともに、重合により不溶性成分を生じや
すく、このため、バイオマスを炭化または熱分解処理し
て得られるタールをそのまま燃料として使用することは
難しい。
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention The object of the present invention is to effectively use the tars obtained in the carbonization or pyrolysis treatment of biomass, which are currently discarded, so that useful components and oil components contained in the tars are collected. Each is intended to be efficiently separated and collected. However, the oxygen content of tar obtained by carbonizing or pyrolyzing biomass is as high as 20% by weight or more, and not only phenol and its derivatives but also furan compounds,
It contains various oxygen-containing compounds such as ketones and aldehydes. And although many of these oxygen-containing compounds are useful compounds, the tar shows acidity due to these oxygen-containing compounds, and an insoluble component is liable to be generated by polymerization. Therefore, biomass is carbonized or pyrolyzed. It is difficult to use the tar obtained as a fuel as it is.

【0004】[0004]

【課題を解決するための手段】そこで、本発明者等は、
バイオマスを炭化または熱分解処理して得られるタール
から、上記含酸素化合物を分離回収するとともに、燃料
油として使用可能な油分を回収するために、種々の分離
回収手段について鋭意研究の結果、上記特開平3−90
043号及び特開2001−72634号に示される溶
媒によれば、これら従来技術に示されるフェノールある
いはその類縁化合物のみではなく、さらに広範な含酸素
芳香族化合物、また、フラン系化合物、シクロアルカノ
ン系化合物あるいはアルデヒド類等様々な種類の含酸素
化合物を選択的に抽出できるとの知見を得、該溶媒はバ
イオマスを炭化または熱分解処理して得られるタールか
ら含酸素化合物と油分とを分離回収する上で極めて有効
かつ効率的であることを見いだし、本発明を完成するに
至ったものである。すなわち、本発明は以下の構成から
なるものである。 (1)バイオマスを炭化または熱分解処理して得られる
タールから含酸素化合物を抽出により回収する方法であ
って、抽出溶媒としてアルコールと水を使用することを
特徴とする、含酸素化合物の回収方法。 (2)バイオマスを炭化または熱分解処理して得られる
タールから含酸素化合物を抽出により分離して油分を回
収する方法であって、抽出溶媒としてアルコールと水を
使用することを特徴とする、油分の回収方法。本発明を
さらに詳細に説明する。
Therefore, the present inventors have
In order to separate and recover the above oxygen-containing compounds from the tar obtained by carbonizing or pyrolyzing the biomass, and to recover the oil content usable as fuel oil, as a result of earnest research on various separation and recovery means, Kaihei 3-90
According to the solvents disclosed in JP-A No. 043 and 2001-72634, not only these phenols or related compounds shown in the prior art but also a wider range of oxygen-containing aromatic compounds, furan compounds and cycloalkanones are used. We obtained the finding that various types of oxygen-containing compounds such as system compounds or aldehydes can be selectively extracted, and the solvent separates and collects oxygen-containing compounds and oils from tar obtained by carbonizing or pyrolyzing biomass. It was found that the present invention is extremely effective and efficient, and has completed the present invention. That is, the present invention has the following configurations. (1) A method for recovering an oxygen-containing compound from a tar obtained by carbonizing or pyrolyzing biomass, which is characterized by using alcohol and water as an extraction solvent. . (2) A method of separating an oxygen-containing compound by extraction from a tar obtained by carbonizing or pyrolyzing a biomass to recover an oil content, characterized by using alcohol and water as an extraction solvent. Recovery method. The present invention will be described in more detail.

【0005】本発明において使用するバイオマスを炭化
または熱分解処理して得られるタールとは、例えば、木
材や木質系廃棄物、古紙などを炭化または熱分解する
際、副成される重質なタール分のことであり、急速熱分
解で生成する熱分解油も含まれる。炭化処理は、これら
バイオマスを炭化炉内で空気を用いて部分的に燃焼する
ことで300〜600℃の高温として炭を製造するものであ
り、熱分解は反応炉内で空気を遮断し、あるいは不活性
ガス中で外熱により加熱して同じく300〜600℃の高温と
して炭を製造するものであり、副生産物として重質なタ
ール分が生成する。炭化処理、熱分解が単一操作処理
(バッチ)を基本としているのに対し、急速熱分解は40
0〜600℃の炉内に連続的にバイオマスを投入して秒単位
で加熱、熱分解することで熱分解油を製造するものであ
る。
The tar obtained by carbonizing or pyrolyzing the biomass used in the present invention is, for example, a heavy tar that is by-produced when carbonizing or pyrolyzing wood, wood-based waste, waste paper, or the like. It also includes pyrolysis oil produced by rapid pyrolysis. The carbonization treatment is to produce coal at a high temperature of 300 to 600 ° C. by partially burning the biomass with air in the carbonization furnace, and the thermal decomposition shuts off the air in the reaction furnace, or It is also heated by external heat in an inert gas to produce charcoal at a high temperature of 300 to 600 ° C., and heavy tar is produced as a by-product. Carbonization treatment and pyrolysis are based on single operation treatment (batch), whereas rapid pyrolysis is 40
Pyrolysis oil is produced by continuously charging biomass into a furnace at 0 to 600 ° C and heating and pyrolyzing it in seconds.

【0006】本発明の抽出工程においては、まず、バイ
オマス熱分解タール1容量に0.5倍から6倍容量のア
ルコールを添加する。ついでこの混合物に水を、バイオ
マス熱分解タール1容量に対して0.25倍から12倍
容量添加すると、アルコールは水層へ抽出され、同時に
バイオマス熱分解タール中のフェノール、その誘導体及
びその他の含酸素化合物も選択的に水層へ抽出される。
その結果、フェノール、その誘導体及びその他の含酸素
化合物に富む水−アルコール層と油層に分離する。アル
コールは水−アルコール層から蒸留により容易に回収で
き、また、これら溶媒は上記抽出工程に循環使用され
る。本発明の上記抽出工程のフローを第1図に示す。
In the extraction step of the present invention, first, 0.5 to 6 volumes of alcohol is added to 1 volume of biomass pyrolysis tar. Then, water was added to this mixture in an amount of 0.25 to 12 times the volume of the biomass pyrolysis tar, and alcohol was extracted into the aqueous layer. At the same time, phenol, its derivatives and other contents in the biomass pyrolysis tar were contained. Oxygen compounds are also selectively extracted into the aqueous layer.
As a result, it separates into a water-alcohol layer and an oil layer rich in phenol, its derivatives and other oxygen-containing compounds. Alcohol can be easily recovered from the water-alcohol layer by distillation, and these solvents are recycled in the extraction process. The flow of the extraction process of the present invention is shown in FIG.

【0007】本発明において、上記抽出工程において、
抽出される含酸素化合物は、例えば、フェノール、クレ
ゾール、ジメチルフェノール、トリメチルフェノール等
の水酸基を有する芳香族化合物の他、メトキシベンゼ
ン、ジメトキシベンゼン、トリメトキシベンゼン、メト
キシメチルベンゼン、ジメトキシメチルベンゼン、トリ
メトキシメチルベンゼン、メトキシエチルベンゼン、ジ
メトキシエチルベンゼン、トリメトキシエチルベンゼン
等のアルコキシ基を有する芳香族化合物、ジメトキシフ
ェニルエタノン、シクロペンタノン、ジメチルシクロペ
ンタノン、シクロペンテン・オン、ジメチルシクロペン
テン・オン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルエチルジエンシ
クロヘキサノン、シクロヘキサン・オン等の飽和あるい
は不飽和の炭化水素鎖を有するケトン類、ジメチルフラ
ン、ベンゾフラン、フルフラール、メチルフルフラー
ル、ヒドロキシメチルフルフラール等の含酸素複素環式
化合物等が挙げられる。
In the present invention, in the above extraction step,
The oxygen-containing compound to be extracted includes, for example, aromatic compounds having a hydroxyl group such as phenol, cresol, dimethylphenol, and trimethylphenol, as well as methoxybenzene, dimethoxybenzene, trimethoxybenzene, methoxymethylbenzene, dimethoxymethylbenzene, and trimethoxy. Aromatic compounds having an alkoxy group such as methylbenzene, methoxyethylbenzene, dimethoxyethylbenzene, and trimethoxyethylbenzene, dimethoxyphenylethanone, cyclopentanone, dimethylcyclopentanone, cyclopentene-on, dimethylcyclopentene-on, cyclohexanone, methylethyldiene Ketones having a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain such as cyclohexanone and cyclohexane / one, dimethylfuran, benzofuran, Rufuraru, furfural, oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds such as hydroxymethyl furfural.

【0008】本法で用いるアルコールはいかなるアルコ
ールを用いてもよいが、好ましくはメタノール、エタノ
ール等の低級アルコールを用いる。抽出温度は0℃以上
100℃以下で、好ましくは常温常圧で行う。以下、本
発明の実施例を示すが、本発明はこれに限定されるもの
ではない。
The alcohol used in this method may be any alcohol, but lower alcohols such as methanol and ethanol are preferably used. The extraction temperature is 0 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, preferably room temperature and normal pressure. Examples of the present invention will be shown below, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

【0009】[0009]

【効果】本発明は前記のような構成であり、バイオマス
を炭化または熱分解処理して得られるタールから簡便で
安価な方法で且つ常温常圧で、含酸素化合物と、燃料油
として使用可能な油分とを分離回収できる。したがっ
て、本件発明はバイオマスの有効利用を図る上で極めて
有用なものである。
[Effects] The present invention has the above-mentioned constitution, and can be used as a fuel oil with an oxygen-containing compound at a normal and ordinary pressure from a tar obtained by carbonizing or pyrolyzing biomass by a simple and inexpensive method. Can be separated and collected from oil. Therefore, the present invention is extremely useful for effective utilization of biomass.

【0010】[0010]

【実施例】ダケカンバの炭化工程から副成したバイオマ
ス熱分解タール3mlにメタノール3mlを添加して混
合した。この混合物に水3mlを添加して振とうしたと
ころ、バイオマス熱分解タール層と水−メタノール層に
分離した。回収した水−メタノール層をGC−MSで分
析した。クロマトグラムの結果を図2に示す。また、該
クロマトグラムの主要なピーク39個を同定した結果を
表1に示す。
[Example] 3 ml of methanol was added to and mixed with 3 ml of biomass pyrolysis tar, which was a by-product of the carbonization process of Betula alba. When 3 ml of water was added to this mixture and shaken, a biomass pyrolysis tar layer and a water-methanol layer were separated. The collected water-methanol layer was analyzed by GC-MS. The result of the chromatogram is shown in FIG. Table 1 shows the results of identifying 39 main peaks in the chromatogram.

【表1】 表1の結果からみて、フェノール等の水酸基を有する芳
香族化合物の他、様々な含酸素化合物が抽出されている
ことがわかる。
[Table 1] From the results in Table 1, it can be seen that various oxygen-containing compounds are extracted in addition to the aromatic compound having a hydroxyl group such as phenol.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

【図1】本発明における抽出工程についてのフローの一
例を示す図である。
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a flow of an extraction step in the present invention.

【図2】回収した水−メタノール層のGC−MSのクロ
マトグラムの結果を示す図である。
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a result of a GC-MS chromatogram of a recovered water-methanol layer.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 井上 誠一 茨城県つくば市東1−1−1 独立行政法 人産業技術総合研究所つくばセンター内 (72)発明者 花岡 寿明 茨城県つくば市東1−1−1 独立行政法 人産業技術総合研究所つくばセンター内 (72)発明者 斎藤 郁夫 茨城県つくば市東1−1−1 独立行政法 人産業技術総合研究所つくばセンター内 Fターム(参考) 4H006 AA02 AD16 BB14 BB31    ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Seiichi Inoue             1-1-1 Higashi 1-1-1 Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture             Inside the Tsukuba Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (72) Inventor Toshiaki Hanaoka             1-1-1 Higashi 1-1-1 Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture             Inside the Tsukuba Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (72) Inventor Ikuo Saito             1-1-1 Higashi 1-1-1 Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture             Inside the Tsukuba Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology F-term (reference) 4H006 AA02 AD16 BB14 BB31

Claims (2)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】 バイオマスを炭化または熱分解処理して
得られるタールから含酸素化合物を抽出により回収する
方法であって、抽出溶媒としてアルコールと水を使用す
ることを特徴とする、含酸素化合物の回収方法。
1. A method for recovering an oxygen-containing compound by extraction from tar obtained by carbonizing or pyrolyzing biomass, wherein alcohol and water are used as an extraction solvent. Recovery method.
【請求項2】 バイオマスを炭化または熱分解処理して
得られるタールから含酸素化合物を抽出により分離して
油分を回収する方法であって、抽出溶媒としてアルコー
ルと水を使用することを特徴とする、油分の回収方法。
2. A method for recovering an oil component by separating an oxygen-containing compound from a tar obtained by carbonizing or pyrolyzing a biomass, wherein alcohol and water are used as an extraction solvent. , Oil recovery method.
JP2002005517A 2002-01-15 2002-01-15 Method for recovering oxygen-containing compound from biomass-cracked tar Pending JP2003212797A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002005517A JP2003212797A (en) 2002-01-15 2002-01-15 Method for recovering oxygen-containing compound from biomass-cracked tar

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002005517A JP2003212797A (en) 2002-01-15 2002-01-15 Method for recovering oxygen-containing compound from biomass-cracked tar

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2003212797A true JP2003212797A (en) 2003-07-30

Family

ID=27644539

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2002005517A Pending JP2003212797A (en) 2002-01-15 2002-01-15 Method for recovering oxygen-containing compound from biomass-cracked tar

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2003212797A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012140346A (en) * 2010-12-28 2012-07-26 Toyota Motor Corp Pyrolysis method for plant biomass

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012140346A (en) * 2010-12-28 2012-07-26 Toyota Motor Corp Pyrolysis method for plant biomass

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