JP2003211131A - Device for reducing garbage or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To constitute a treatment system for garbage or the like which reduces a treatment burden in a final disposal facilities by reducing garbage such as kitchen garbage, makes stirring and crushing in a reducing process easy and has a high performance of establishing a low running cost. <P>SOLUTION: Various garbage D such as kitchen garbage which is thrown inside a reduction container 1 installed in an accumulation site is stirred and reduced, the reduced materials are collected by a garbage collector C and transported to a processing facility F, and a final process is applied thereto at the final processing facility F. The various garbage D is fermented and composted in stirring and reducing, and is recycled as compost. The reduction container 1 is equipped with a reducing/composting tank 3 having on the upper part a freely openable throw-in port closed with an opening/closing cover, a stirring mechanism 10 for stirring the garbage D thrown inside the reducing/ composting tank 3, and a temporarily depositing means 20 for temporarily depositing the garbage D or the like on the upper part of the stirring mechanism 10 on a table. The stirring mechanism 10 has a rotational stirring shaft in which a plurality of stirring rods having upper parts capable of being elastically foldable are arranged. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention mainly relates to the collection of various kinds of refuse such as garbage discarded from general households in a composting manner in a recycling manner for composting. The present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing the amount of general refuse or the like that can improve the processing capacity of a processing facility or the like and further reduce the cost. 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 5, garbage D such as garbage mainly discarded from general households and various business establishments is municipalities to which the general households and various business establishments belong. Of municipalities are collected by the garbage truck C and are finally disposed of. At present, the final disposal methods are roughly classified into landfill and incineration. The former involves burying general waste in the ground and covering it with earth and sand (the lower part in Fig. 5). The latter is put into an incinerator such as the processing facility F and incinerated at a high temperature or composted (FIG. 5).
Above). In the case of landfill treatment, from the viewpoint of preventing pollution of soil and water quality, the management type is controlled by special equipment such as laying a vinyl chloride resin sheet in the landfill area, and the completely stable garbage is separated and sorted. There is a stable type that is disposed of as returned to. However, in the case of the above-mentioned management type landfill, it is difficult to select and set up the disposal site, and it is quite difficult to set up the disposal site itself due to opposition from local residents who are concerned about deterioration of the living environment. It is no longer possible. In the case of stable landfills, there is no consent from local residents due to concerns about management, concerns about birds, dogs and cats, etc., and construction of new landfills is extremely difficult. . Moreover, while the amount of garbage disposal has increased, the consensus has not been reached due to opposition from residents in the area where the landfill will be constructed, despite the impending useable life of the landfill. It has not yet been fundamentally solved. In the case of incineration, it has been pointed out that highly toxic dioxins and the like, which are a kind of environmental hormone, are generated by the incineration. In view of the fact that the incineration can be controlled by continuous incineration at the same level, we are considering the idea of increasing the size of the incinerator itself and conducting garbage collection by wide-area operation to incinerate in large quantities. is there. However, most of the garbage discarded from general households is not only difficult to incinerate because most of it is water, but also increases the fuel and incineration ash required for incineration. In addition, the service life of the incinerator itself is shortened, so that only a large amount of cost is required. In addition, since the incinerator is not recycled because it is environmentally effective, it is extremely wasteful in terms of resources. On the other hand, garbage and the like discarded from ordinary households, mainly wastes of foods and related packaging materials, etc., are scattered around by birds, stray cats and the like in the accumulation area, and fly in summer. This causes an unsanitary situation, such as the approaching of the occupants, etc., resulting in a very serious problem such as giving a discomfort to the local residents, etc. due to bad smell. In addition, not only do they occur when collecting and transporting garbage, but also the working conditions and environment are extremely harsh for workers involved in collection work. For this reason, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-2
No. 7872, when composting a large amount of livestock manure, prepare a container for primary composting at the discharge place, and then transport the container to a treatment plant for secondary composting Or 7-4555
No. 0, garbage is put on the bottom of a container installed in a container installed in a general household, and a liquid is poured onto the garbage to cover the garbage with a flexible lid. In this case, a stirring mechanism is provided in a storage tank which is a processing apparatus container in which organic waste is put as described in Japanese Utility Model Registration No. 2546726. There has been proposed a method in which garbage stuck in a storage tank is peeled off with a stirring rod to be fermented or composted. [0007] However, the above-mentioned conventional composting method, the waste disposal apparatus and the like are organic waste,
All of the garbage and the like are only individually or partially processed, not only being considered as a general processing system until the final processing, and the reduction of the processing cost is not expected much. Was something. Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described various circumstances, and primarily treats garbage such as garbage discarded mainly from ordinary households and various business establishments. By reducing the volume, the processing load on the final processing equipment can be reduced, and not only the agitation and pulverization at the time of the reduction processing at the accumulation place are facilitated, but also the overall running cost is extremely low. It is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for reducing the amount of general refuse or the like which has a high level as a general processing system such as a general processing system. In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, according to the present invention, the raw material introduced into the reduction container 1 by the reduction container 1 installed at the collecting place. Various types of trash D such as garbage are reduced by agitation, and the reduced processed products are collected by a trash collection vehicle C, transported to a processing facility F, and finally processed in the processing facility F. In addition, when reducing the amount of various kinds of dust D by stirring, it can be made into fermented compost and recycled as fertilizer. And in the weight reduction apparatus which consists of a weight reduction container 1, it is installed in an accumulation place, stirs the various garbage D etc. which were thrown in, and the weight reduction container 1 which reduces and reduces this weight reduction. It is provided with a refuse collection vehicle C that collects and transports processed materials reduced in volume by the container 1, and a processing facility F that performs final processing on the processed materials carried in by the garbage collection vehicle C. Weight reduction container 1
A weight reduction composting tank 3 mounted on the rack 2, mounted on the rack 2, and provided with an openable and closable input port covered with an opening / closing lid 4 at the top; A stirring mechanism 10 for stirring the garbage D such as garbage introduced into the weight-reducing composting tank 3, and a garbage D and the like disposed at a position corresponding to the upper portion of the stirring mechanism 10 And temporary holding means 20 for temporarily holding the temporary holding. Further, a heating element 6 can be provided at the bottom of the weight-loss composting tank 3, and the stirring mechanism 10 includes a stirring shaft 13 disposed in the weight-loss composting tank 3 so as to be rotated by the driving force of the drive source 11. And a plurality of stirring rods 14 arranged around the stirring shaft 13 and having an upper portion that is resiliently bendable. The temporary fixing placing means 20 is constructed by mounting a plurality of parallel receiving pieces 21 in the weight-reducing composting tank 3 such that the rotating stirring rods 14 of the stirring mechanism 10 are inserted within the mutual interval. Each of the receiving pieces 21 can be configured to be formed in an arcuate shape curved in a protruding manner with respect to the stirring shaft 13 in the direction of the stirring mechanism 10. In the apparatus for reducing the amount of general refuse and the like according to the present invention configured as described above, the reduction container 1 installed at the collecting place stirs various kinds of trash D put into the container. In this case, the amount of waste is reduced at the same time as composting, so that the collection and transportation by the garbage collection vehicle C, the final treatment in the treatment equipment F, and the like can be simplified and facilitated. In the weight-reducing container 1, the temporary holding means 20 temporarily stops the put dust D and the like, and breaks the dust D containing the dust D by the stirring rod 14 of the rotating stirring mechanism 10 for example. Although the garbage D and the like are dropped below the weight reduction composting tank 3, the hard and rigid foreign matters are left on the temporary fixing means 20 as they are. The stirring mechanism 10 stirs the garbage D charged in the weight-loss composting tank 3 together with various base materials previously charged in the weight-loss composting tank 3 to promote the fermentation thereof.
Compost and reduce weight. Further, when the stirring rod 14 is driven to rotate by the drive source 11, when the upper part of the stirring rod 14 comes into contact with or hits various foreign matters left on the receiving piece 21 of the temporary fixing placing means 20, for example. Then it is resiliently bent to avoid it. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. In the drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes a group of ordinary households or an appropriate number of houses. It is a weight-reduction container installed at a predetermined accumulation place or the like in each group unit or various business establishments. The weight-reducing container 1 has a gantry 2 mounted on an accumulation place, and a weight-reducing compost which is mounted on the gantry 2 and provided with an openable and closable inlet which is covered by an opening / closing lid 4 at an upper portion. Tank 3
And a stirring mechanism 10 for stirring dust D such as garbage put into the weight-reducing composting tank 3, and a temporary fixing means 20. The garbage D such as garbage, which is put into the weight reduction container 1 while being stored in a garbage bag or the like, is fermented in the weight reduction composting tank 3 after the garbage bag is broken, so that the fertilizer is partially composted. After that, they are collected by, for example, a garbage truck C and carried into a large-scale processing facility F installed in, for example, each region, and thereafter, impurities are removed and composted. It has become something. [0012] Thus, the gantry 2 in the weight reduction container 1
Is formed as a frame structure, a board structure, or another structure made of, for example, a metal material, a wood material, a synthetic resin material, or the like so that the weight reduction container 1 itself can be directly mounted at an accumulation place. I have. As shown in FIG. 2, the weight-reducing composting tank 3 is formed, for example, in a rectangular parallelepiped shape in which the bottom has a substantially semicircular cross section in its cross section. An opening / closing lid 4 that is swingable in the front-rear direction is provided. When the opening is closed by the opening / closing lid 4, the inside and outside of the weight reduction composting tank 3 is opened and closed by a closed packing disposed around the opening or the opening / closing lid 4. Is to be shut off. In addition, a safety stop switch 5 for driving or stopping a drive source 11 to be described later in the stirring mechanism 10 is attached to the opening / closing lid 4 or the opening edge.
The drive of the drive source 11 is stopped when the opening / closing lid 4 is pivotally opened, and the drive source 11 is not operated when the cover 4 is left open. A base material mainly composed of soil, sawdust, rice hulls, peat moss, etc., whose moisture has been adjusted in advance, is put into the weight-reducing composting tank 3, and the waste D, such as raw garbage, is mixed with the base material. The base material is replenished one by one as needed, and if necessary, various fermentation bacteria etc. for decomposing the trash D are introduced, and a deodorant or the like is provided. There are things you can do. Further, the weight-composting tank 3 is provided with, for example, a heating element 6 formed in a planar shape on the outer surface of the bottom thereof. When the heating element 6 reaches a set temperature, for example, the power supply is cut off. Therefore, a semiconductor such as a Peltier element is not required to incorporate a temperature control means so that a constant temperature is always maintained. Of course, the heating element 6 may be constituted by a nichrome wire heater or the like, and its heat source structure is not particularly limited. In short, a constant temperature sufficient for fermenting the garbage D etc. in the weight reduction composting tank 3 is used. It is only necessary that it be maintained. Further, the weight reduction composting tank 3 has an opening 7 formed in its front side wall, which is closed by an openable and closable extraction lid, for example, and is temporarily fermented and semi-composted garbage. The processed material such as the material D can be taken out of the weight reduction composting tank 3. The weight-reducing composting tank 3 itself is supported by frame-shaped support legs 8 standing on the gantry 2 as shown in the figure, but the gantry 2 and the weight-reducing composting tub 3 may be connected in some cases. It may be integrally formed, and which configuration is selected is arbitrarily determined in view of the arrangement of the heating element 6, the outlet 7, and the like. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the stirring mechanism 10 includes a drive source 11 such as a motor, and a stirring shaft disposed in the weight reduction composting tank 3 so as to be rotated by the driving force of the drive source 11. 13 and are arranged around the stirring shaft 13,
The upper portion is provided with a plurality of stirring rods 14 which are resiliently bendable in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the stirring shaft 13, for example. The drive source 11 shown in the figure is fixed on the gantry 2 outside the weight loss composting tub 3 and is rotatably supported, for example, via a bearing provided on the support leg 8 in the weight reduction composting tub 3. The stirring shaft 13 is rotated via, for example, a chain 12 extending between the end of the stirring shaft 13 and the end of the drive source shaft. The rotation by the drive source 11
The operation is performed intermittently at a low speed at regular intervals, and the above-mentioned base material and the refuse, which have been previously introduced into the weight-reducing composting tank 3, are slowly stirred. Further, as shown in FIG.
3 is fixed radially around the stirring shaft 13 in such a manner that its base portion from one end side to the other end side is arranged, for example, in a spiral or regularly or irregularly. By rotating the dust 13, for example, the dust D is sequentially stirred from one end to the other end. The stirrer rod 14 itself has its upper end side connected to the base so as to be resilient via a coil spring-shaped connecting part 15 so that the stirrer rod 14 itself rotates when it rotates. The rotation of the base portion is continued by the upper portion abutting against or hitting various obstacles such as thick bones, knives, forks, and spoons contained in the garbage D. The upper part is bent so as to avoid obstacles and the like (see FIG. 2). The upper portion and the base portion via the linking portion 15 are set to have a ratio length of, for example, about 1: 3, and the upper portion is attached to a foreign matter, an obstacle, or the like left on the temporary fixing holding means 20 described later. In the case of abutment / impact, etc., the upper part is bent so that the stirring rod 1
The rotation of 4 itself is to be continued. Further, at a position corresponding to an upper part of the stirring mechanism 10 which is an upper part in the weight reduction composting tank 3, a temporary fixing means 20 is provided.
A plurality of receiving pieces 21 arranged in parallel with each other so that the rotating stirring rods 14 are inserted within a mutual interval are mounted between support shafts 22 mounted on the front and rear of the upper part in the weight reduction composting tank 3, for example. It was done. Further, each of the receiving pieces 21 shown in the drawing is formed in an arcuate bow shape protruding from the stirring shaft 13 in the direction of the stirring mechanism 10 (see FIG. 2). The garbage D is collected at a substantially central position of the receiving piece 21, and the remaining foreign matter and obstacles are always collected at the central position. It is to be noted that the temporary fixing placing means 20 can be detachably and oscillatably provided, for example, to facilitate cleaning of the inside of the weight reduction composting tank 3. The dust D put into the weight reduction composting tank 3 of the weight reduction container 1 constructed as described above is temporarily fixed even if it is thrown in, for example, in a state of being stored in a synthetic resin bag. After being placed on the placing means 20, the stirring mechanism 10
When the stirring rod 14 that rotates intermittently breaks the synthetic resin bag, the stirring rod 14 falls below the weight reduction composting tank 3. Then, after a suitable period of time stirred by the stirring mechanism 10 and fermented to become semi-composted,
The garbage is collected by the garbage collection vehicle C that periodically patrols, and the amount of the garbage D at the time of collection is set to be about 1/7 of the volume of the garbage D at the time of introduction. The garbage D collected by the garbage collection vehicle C is carried into, for example, a processing facility F as a factory-type processing center installed in each district, where it is further fermented to remove impurities. It is completely composted and shipped as compost commodities. In this processing facility F, the collected energy may be used for multipurpose such as power generation and hot water supply by incineration without composting the collected material, and the form of use is particularly limited. Not something. Next, an example of these uses will be described. For example, the weight-reducing container 1 is placed in an accumulation place corresponding to each group of an appropriate number of ordinary households, various business establishments, and the like. The garbage truck C periodically patrols and collects the semi-composted garbage D formed in the reduction container 1 and carries it into the processing facility F. Garbage D in weight reduction container 1
When it is put into the garbage bag such as a synthetic resin bag, it is temporarily placed on the temporary holding means 20, and the stirring rod 14 of the rotating stirring mechanism 10
Breaks the garbage bag when it comes into contact with or collides with it, causing the contents to fall below the weight reduction composting tank 3. At this time, if various kinds of hard and rigid foreign matters and the like are mixed in the garbage D and this is left on the receiving piece 21 of the temporary fixing placing means 20, the rotating stirring rod 14
When the upper part of the abutment comes into contact with or abuts on them, it is avoided by being bent backward by the connecting portion 15, and the rotation is continued while the foreign substances and the like are left on the receiving piece 21. Are collected separately. The present invention is configured as described above.
For this reason, the waste reduction container 1 for temporarily accumulating garbage D such as garbage D mainly discarded from general households and various business establishments.
Thus, the volume can be reduced by performing the primary processing, and the processing load at the time of carrying into the processing equipment F or the like and the secondary processing can be greatly reduced. In addition, various kinds of trash D are contained in the weight-reduction container 1 installed in the collection place.
In addition to facilitating agitation and crushing at the time of primary treatment, the running cost is extremely low, and the composting of the refuse D enables reuse as a fertilizer to promote recycling. Of the present invention as a general processing system. That is, according to the present invention, in the present invention, various kinds of trash D put into the weighing container 1 installed in the collecting place are agitated and reduced, and the reduced processed material is transferred to the garbage truck C.
This is because the final processing is performed in the processing equipment F that has been collected and transported, thereby preventing the generation of offensive odors at the collection location, reducing the number of collections by reducing the amount at the collection location, reducing the transportation cost, and reducing the processing cost. The ease of the final treatment in the facility F can be improved, and the overall treatment cost can be reduced to about 1/7 of the conventional cost. Further, in the reduction container 1, a temporary holding means 20 for temporarily holding the charged dust D and the like is provided at a position corresponding to the upper portion of the stirring mechanism 10. The dust D and the like are temporarily stopped temporarily, and for example, the dust D or the like containing the dust D is broken by the stirring rod 14 of the rotating stirring mechanism 10 so that the dust D is located below the weight reduction composting tank 3. It falls to. In addition, since the receiving piece 21 of the temporary fixing and placing means 20 retains foreign substances such as knives and spoons contained in the trash D, these can be removed from the processed material, and for example, children can be mistakenly removed. Even if the product falls into the weight-reducing container 1, it is not necessary to hold the child or the like and drop it below the weight-reducing composting tank 3, so that the device functions as a safety device. Further, the stirring rod 14 in the stirring mechanism 10 is
Since the upper portion is resiliently bendable, it is automatically bent when it comes into contact with, for example, a foreign matter left on the receiving piece 21 of the temporary fixing placing means 20. This can be avoided, and after the avoidance, the original state can be restored and the rotation can be continued, so that the agitation rod 14 itself can be prevented from being damaged, and the safety can be further improved. In addition, even if, for example, the opening / closing lid 4 is closed and the stirring mechanism 10 is driven to rotate after a person or the like accidentally falls, the person or the like held on the temporary fixing placing means 20 is avoided. It is safe and does not lead to a major accident. The stirring rods 14 of the stirring mechanism 10 are arranged in a plurality around the stirring shaft 13 arranged in the weight-reducing composting tank 3 so as to be rotated by the driving force of the driving source 11. The various refuse D put into the weight-reducing composting tank 3 are stirred evenly over the whole.
In addition, upon stirring, the fermentation of the dust D by fermentative bacteria such as aerobic bacteria contained in the base material is further promoted, in combination with the heat generating effect of the heating element 6 provided in the weight reduction composting tank 3. Can be done. When the waste reduction container 1 is installed in the accumulation place, the input port provided in the upper part of the waste reduction composting tank 3 is closed by the opening / closing lid 4. In this way, fly, pests and the like do not come close, and it is possible to prevent the scattering of dust D by birds, dogs and cats, and furthermore to prevent the generation of offensive odor, and it is possible to more effectively prevent them by using in combination with a deodorant, etc. The environment around the accumulation site can be remarkably improved. Further, when collecting by the garbage collection vehicle C, it is not necessary to directly collect the garbage itself as in the prior art, so that the odor is almost eliminated, the problem of hygiene at the time of the collection operation is eliminated, and the collection and transfer is performed. The surrounding environment is also improved, and the waste container D is considerably reduced in weight by the weight reduction container 1, so that the number of collections can be reduced. In the processing equipment F for final processing of the collected processed material, the amount of collection is smaller than in the past, so that the scale can be reduced to a size corresponding to the amount of collection, and the container for reducing the amount The semi-composting by 1 makes the final treatment easy, and the separation and removal of contaminants from the carried-in material, etc., and the adjustment of components and water content when fertilizing can be easily performed. . Finally, the treated material becomes extremely excellent as an organic fertilizer generated from garbage and the like, is suitable for application and use on cultivated land, also improves the soil, and is conventionally repeated. Not only does it follow the natural chain of nature, but it does not generate harmful substances such as dioxin due to incineration or harmful substances due to landfill treatment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a side sectional view of the weight reduction container. FIG. 3 is a plan cross-sectional view of the weight reduction container. FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway front view of the weight reduction container. FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a conventional example. [Description of Signs] C: Garbage Collection Vehicle D: Garbage F: Treatment Equipment 1: Reduction Container 2 ... Stand 3 ... Reduction Composting Tank 4 ... Opening / closing Lid 5 ... Stop Switch 6 ... Heating Element 7 ... Outlet 8 ... Support leg 10 Stirring mechanism 11 Driving source 12 Chain 13 Stirring shaft 14 Stirring rod 15 Linkage unit 20 Temporary fixing and placing means 21 Receiving piece 22 Support shaft

Continuation of front page    F term (reference) 4D004 AA03 BA04 CA04 CA15 CA18                       CA22 CB04 CB12 CB28 CB32                       CC08                 4G078 AA08 AA13 AB20 BA01 CA05                       DA03                 4H061 AA03 CC47 CC55 GG18 GG43                       GG67

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. An apparatus for reducing the amount of general garbage and the like, comprising a reduction container installed in a collection place and agitating and reducing the amount of various kinds of garbage such as garbage thrown in. , A rack mounted on the stacking place, and an openable opening that is mounted on the rack and covered by an open / close lid at the top, and a heating element is provided at a bottom portion. A composting tank, a stirring mechanism for stirring garbage and other refuse introduced into the weight-reducing composting tank, and a garbage and the like disposed at a position corresponding to an upper portion of the stirring mechanism. Temporarily holding means for temporarily holding the stirrer, and the stirring mechanism is provided with a stirring shaft arranged in the weight loss composting tank so as to be rotated by the driving force of the driving source, and around the stirring shaft. It is arranged, the upper part becomes resiliently bendable freely A plurality of stirring rods, and the temporary holding means includes a plurality of receiving pieces arranged in parallel such that each of the rotating stirring rods in the stirring mechanism is inserted within a mutual interval in the weight reduction composting tank. An apparatus for reducing the amount of general refuse or the like, characterized in that each of the receiving pieces is formed in an arcuate bow shape protrudingly curved with respect to the stirring shaft in the direction of the stirring mechanism.