JP2003207119A - Incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an incinerator which completely burns articles to be incinerated and suppresses the product of harmful materials and smokes. <P>SOLUTION: The incinerator 12 has an air duct 72 at the center for supplying air introduced from a blower 66. A main pipe 80 of the air duct 72 has plates 82A-82C properly spaced from one another and discharge holes 84A-84C formed thereunder. Air is blown from the discharge holes to the approximately horizontal direction in a wholly concentrative manner. Combustible gas generated at the bottom of the incinerator 12 by the combustion of the articles to be incinerated is burnt with air supplied near the plates 82A-82C, while being moved up. The further moved-up gas starts to be moved down again along the curve of a top portion 62 of a cover 50. Thus, smooth convection is produced in the incinerator 12 to accelerate the complete combustion and prevent the fly of ash or others. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an incinerator for incinerating various kinds of waste discharged from business establishments, general households, etc., and more particularly to an incinerator for performing decomposition combustion.

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART In recent years, regarding waste treatment, environmental protection,
From the viewpoint of dioxin emission regulation, social concern is increasing, and the regulation of dioxin emission in combustion gas generated by incineration is strengthened. Generally, dioxins are easily synthesized when incomplete combustion occurs between 250 ° C. and 350 ° C., and particularly in the combustion process of combustible waste containing chlorine such as petroleum products. On the other hand, it is known that when it is heated at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher for 2 seconds or more, it is thermally decomposed, and when it is decomposed at 1100 ° C. or higher, it is not resynthesized.

Conventional incinerators, in particular, small or simple incinerators installed in schools and hospitals, are structurally
It was not possible to incinerate at high temperatures as described above, and it was not possible to suppress the generation of harmful substances such as dioxins. For this reason, as harmful gas generated by waste incineration becomes a social problem and environmental awareness rises, incinerators have been improved and developed to achieve the regulation of harmful gas. For example, burner flame It is proposed to include a plurality of combustion processes such as forcibly performing secondary, secondary and tertiary combustion.

[0004]

However, in the background art as described above, since the combustible material such as kerosene, heavy oil or electricity is used for combustive combustion, the running cost of the combustible material is not only high but also the temperature is high. It is necessary to set conditions such as the amount of oxygen supplied. Further, most of the conventional incinerators have a structure in which the gas generated in the combustion chamber is discharged from the chimney, and there are inconveniences that smoke and ash are scattered and the installation place is limited.

The present invention focuses on the above points,
It is an object of the present invention to provide an incinerator having a simple structure, capable of completely burning incinerators, suppressing the production of harmful substances such as dioxins, and further producing no smoke.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has a combustion chamber for injecting a material to be incinerated, the combustion chamber for decomposing and burning the material to be incinerated, and an upper end of the combustion chamber. A lid that can be opened and closed, an air supply unit that supplies air to the combustion chamber, and an ignition unit that ignites an incineration object in the combustion chamber, and the air supply unit is provided in the combustion chamber. The feature is that air is supplied in a concentrated manner in the horizontal direction.

One of the main forms is that the air supply means is connected to the air introduction means outside the combustion chamber, and at least one blower pipe provided substantially vertically in the combustion chamber, and the blower pipe. At least one plate extending in a substantially horizontal direction in a flange shape, and a plurality of discharge holes formed at the lower position close to the plate and along the entire circumference of the blower pipe , Is provided. Another aspect is characterized in that the blower pipe is detachable from the combustion chamber, and is provided with a removing means for removing accumulated matter accumulated in the blower pipe.

Still another embodiment is characterized in that an inclination or a curved surface is provided at the zenith portion inside the lid so that the rising airflow is directed downward. Still another form is an auxiliary combustion means for promoting or suppressing the combustion state in the combustion chamber,
It is characterized by having. Still another mode is characterized in that the auxiliary combustion means includes a combustion promoting material supply means for supplying a combustion promoting material, and a combustion suppressing material supply means for supplying a combustion suppressing material. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

[0009]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. FIG. 1 shows the entire configuration of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a cross section taken along the line # A- # A in the figure and seen in the direction of the arrow.

1 and 2, the incinerator 10 is shown.
Is a furnace 12 and a case 6 installed on a platform 14 with legs.
4, a blower 66, which is a blower device, and a tank chamber 100 that stores an auxiliary combustion material that promotes and suppresses combustion. The furnace 12 is surrounded by a fence 16 with a wire mesh so that an operator does not directly touch the hot wall surface.

First, the furnace 12 will be described. Furnace 12
Has a structure in which an outer wall 22 made of a metal plate or the like is provided outside a furnace wall 20 formed of refractory castable or the like. The openings of these upper ends 24 serve as charging ports 26 for charging the materials to be incinerated. Also, the outer wall 2
As shown in FIG. 2, the upper end of 2 is a ring-shaped frame having a substantially circular cross section.

A scraping opening 28 for removing the ash after incineration to the outside is formed below the furnace 12, and the scraping opening 28 is provided with a door 30 that can be opened and closed. The door 30 may be provided with an air intake that can be opened and closed as needed. Also, furnace 1
Nozzles 120 and 122 for appropriately injecting the combustion promoting material, the combustion suppressing material, and the like stored in the tank chamber 100 into the furnace 12 are provided on the side wall of the nozzle 2.

Below the inside of the furnace 12, there is provided a receiving portion 34 for mounting a grate 36 having slits 38 provided at appropriate intervals. The grate 36 is provided with a leg 42 having a length corresponding to the distance between the receiving portion 34 and the hearth 44 of the furnace 12, and a handle 40 for detaching the inside of the furnace 12 when not in use. The grate 36 can be removed by hooking a loop or the like formed on the handle 40 and lifting it from the charging port 26. The above-described grate 36 is not always necessary and may not be used depending on the type and amount of the incineration object.

Further, a burner 48 covered with a cover 46 is provided on the side wall of the furnace 12 at a substantially central position in the vertical direction. The burner 48 is used as an ignition source when the incineration object introduced into the furnace 12 is first burned.

The furnace 12 as described above is provided with a lid 50 via a connecting portion 49 and can be opened and closed electrically by a motor (not shown). The lid 50 is composed of an outer lid 52 having a mesh-shaped vent hole 54 and an inner lid 60 provided inside the outer lid 52.
The zenith portion 62 of the inner lid 60 is integrally formed as shown in FIG. 2, and has a curved shape so that the rising airflow is directed downward.

The side surface of the outer lid 52 is set longer than the side surface of the inner lid 60, and a stopper 56 provided in the vicinity of the end portion of the outer lid 52 abuts on the upper end 24 of the furnace 12, so that the charging is performed. Positioned at mouth 26. Stopper 56
Is not provided over the entire circumference of the outer lid 52, but is provided only in a part thereof. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 2, a slight gap is formed between the upper end 24 of the furnace 12 and the lower ends of the outer lid 52 and the inner lid 60, and depending on the situation, introduction of outside air or exhaust of combustion gas is performed. Is done. For example, incinerators with high calories burned
In addition to the theoretical amount of air required for complete combustion, a little extra air is required, but by taking in subtle air from the top of the furnace as shown by the arrow in the figure, good combustion is possible. You can get the status. Further, a groove 58 is formed at the end portion of the outer lid 62 in conformity with the shape of the blower pipe 72 described later. Such a lid 50 is formed of, for example, a metal plate or the like.

Next, a mechanism for introducing air containing oxygen, which is an essential element of combustion, into the furnace 12 will be described. Furnace 12
The air outside the above is sent to a blower pipe 72 provided inside the furnace 12 via a pipe 68 by a blower 66 housed in a case 64 on the base 14. The blower pipe 72 connects the connecting portion 74 for connecting with the pipe 68 and air to the furnace 12.
A supply part 78 for supplying the inside of the furnace 12 has a substantially L-shape, and the supply part 78 is provided substantially in the center of the furnace 12 in a substantially vertical direction. The blower pipe 72 is connected to the pipe 68 by fixing flanges 70 and 76 respectively provided at the ends of the connecting portion 74 with bolts or nuts via heat-resistant packing or the like.

The main pipe 80 of the supply portion 78 is provided with flange-shaped plates or blade rings 82A to 82C extending in a substantially horizontal direction at appropriate intervals. Below the plates 82A to 82C, a discharge hole 8 for injecting the air introduced by the blower 66 into the furnace 12.
A large number of 4A to 84C are radially formed at substantially equal intervals over the entire circumference of the main pipe 80. In the illustrated example, the discharge holes 84A to 84C are formed in one stage below the plates 82A to 82C, but a plurality of stages may be formed. Plates 82A-82C
The same applies to the number of. Further, a discharge hole 86 may be provided near the hearth 44 to supply air from below the grate 36.

Further, a taper is formed at an end 88 of the supply part 78 on the hearth 44 side, and the end 88 is connected to one end of an L-shaped tube 90 penetrating the hearth 44 and the table 14. Both are connected by inserting. The other end of the L-shaped tube 90 is provided along the back surface of the base 14, and an end portion 92 thereof is provided with a detachable cap 94.
The cap 94 is used in the attached state during the incineration process. However, when accumulated substances such as iron rust generated by rusting inside the main pipe 80 are accumulated, the cap 94
By removing the, iron rust etc. can be discharged and removed to the outside.

A case in which air is introduced from the blower 66 into the blower pipe 72 as described above will be described by taking the plate 82A and the discharge hole 84A as an example. The air introduced into the main pipe 80 is ejected from the discharge holes 84A toward the inside of the furnace 12. If the plate 82A does not exist, the supplied air will be scattered in four directions. However, as in the present embodiment, when the plate 82A is present, the air scattered upward is prevented from rising by the plate 82A and moves downward, and the air scattered downward descends once in the furnace 12. It will rise again due to the convection of air and combustion gas heated to a high temperature at the bottom. Therefore, the air jetted from the discharge holes 84A is, as a whole,
It is supplied so as to be directed in a substantially horizontal direction.

In addition to the function of adjusting the air flow as described above, the plate 82A also prevents the discharge holes 84A from being blocked by the material to be incinerated, and forms a space or a gap for assisting combustion. There is also an effect. Other plate 8
The same applies to 2B and 82C. Therefore, as a whole, the combustible gas generated by the combustion at the bottom of the furnace 12 is supplied with air in three stages below the plates 82C, 82B, 82A in order from the bottom to promote combustion.

Next, an auxiliary combustion mechanism for promoting or suppressing the combustion state in the furnace 12 will be described. In the tank chamber 100 provided on the stand 14, a kerosene tank 102 serving as a combustion promoting material at the time of ignition or when the momentum of combustion is weak, and for promoting or suppressing combustion by the amount thereof. The water tank 106 is stored.
Each of the tanks 102 and 106 is provided with windows 104 and 108 for confirming the amount from the outside. A lid 11 that can be opened and closed is provided on the upper portion of the tank chamber 100.
0 is provided, and when this lid 110 is closed, a worker using the incinerator 10 forms a scaffold for loading an incineration object from the loading port 26 together with steps 112 and 114.

The tanks 102 and 106 are connected to hoses 116 and 118, respectively, and are connected to the furnace 1 via nozzles 120 and 122 provided on the side wall of the furnace 12.
Kerosene or water is sprayed into the inside of 2. A pump, a control panel, and the like (not shown) are provided on the back surface of the tank chamber 100, and intermittent injection of auxiliary combustion materials (kerosene and water) is performed by these. For intermittent injection, the interval may be set according to the type of incineration object,
Of course, the auxiliary combustion material may be supplied manually.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, here, the incinerator 10
Shall be installed horizontally on a flat and solid place. The worker opens the lid 50 with the door 30 of the scraping port 28 of the furnace 12 closed and opens the steps 114, 112, 1
Climb 10 and throw in the incineration object such as waste from the input port 26. As an input amount of the incineration target, for example, an amount up to a position below the burner 48 is suitable.

Various materials can be applied as the incinerated material. For example, solid or liquid petroleum products such as Styrofoam, polyethylene, urethane, waste oil, and waste paint, and natural type high-quality materials such as rubber. It is possible to incinerate not only molecular compounds but also organic compounds such as wood waste, paper waste, garbage and pruned street trees. Then, these incinerators are subjected to high temperature treatment so as not to generate dioxins.

After the material to be burned is charged, the lid 50 is closed and the air blow from the blower 66 is started, and the burner 48 emits a flame to automatically ignite. At this time, by injecting kerosene from the nozzle 120 in advance, the temperature of the air in the furnace 12 rises to 500 ° C. or more at once due to the evaporation combustion of kerosene, and the decomposition combustion starts instantaneously by dry distillation gasification.

When the combustion is started as described above, the combustible decomposition product gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, aldehyde, alcohol and the like is generated by the thermal decomposition of the incineration object. Such combustible gas is heated and rises, and first, it is supplied with air in the horizontal direction below the lower plate 82C and burns. Then, in the same manner, the middle plate 82
B, under the upper plate 82A, the supply of air is sequentially received and the air is burned. As described above, by receiving the air supply in the horizontal direction below the plates 82A to 82C, the combustible gas is efficiently and completely combusted without the discharge holes 84A to 84C being blocked by the combustibles. In addition, when the amount of the incineration object is large and exceeds the lower plate 82C, in the initial stage of combustion,
Air is supplied to the middle and upper plates 82B and 82A.
Mainly below.

The combustion gas generated by the combustion is removed by the lid 50.
When it reaches the curved zenith portion 62, it descends again along the curved surface as indicated by the arrow in FIG. This makes it possible to smooth the convection inside the furnace 12, promote complete combustion, and prevent scattering of ash and the like.

As described above, kerosene is only used at the time of ignition, and in the intermediate process, almost self-combustion continues. However, during the incineration process, if oxygen deficiency or temperature drop occurs due to additional input of a large amount of incinerated materials, or if the combustion ends, in order to continue normal combustion, kerosene or water should be added as necessary. Supply by injection. On the contrary, water is supplied to suppress the momentum of the flame and unburned gas. Smoke can be suppressed by supplying water.

When the incineration process is completed as described above,
After confirming that the temperature of the ash is sufficiently lowered, the ash is scraped out from the scraping port 28, and if there is a fire, remove it and sprinkle it with water for the next use. If the next incineration is performed with ash left, it will not burn well and may cause smoke. When the grate 36 is used, the ash remaining on it is also removed. In the present embodiment, the amount of ash after incineration (incineration residue) is, for example, about 5% or less in the case of an organic substance and 1% or less in the case of a polymer type. Such ash is taken out with the garbage or, in large quantities, treated as industrial waste. Also,
The tank 1 is opened by the windows 104 and 108 of the tank chamber 100.
Check the remaining amount of kerosene and water in 02 and 106 and top up if necessary.

As the number of times the incinerator 10 is used increases, fine powder such as oxidized rust that is rusted due to oxidation of the blower pipe 72 accumulates inside the blower pipe 72. This is an L-shaped pipe 90.
With the cap 94 provided on the end 92 of the
By blowing air from the blower 66, it can be easily discharged to the outside. Further, the discharge holes 84A to 84C, 86
Is important for supplying oxygen in the furnace 12, but if the holes are clogged or deteriorated due to long-term use and the initial purpose cannot be achieved, the pipes 68 and L
The blower tube 72 itself is replaced by releasing the connection with the character tube 90.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the following effects can be obtained. (1) Discharge hole 8 of blower pipe 72 for supplying air into furnace 12.
Since the plates 82A to 82C extending in the substantially horizontal direction are provided on the upper portions of the 4A to 84C, the air can be concentrated and supplied in the substantially horizontal direction, and a combustion space can be secured, which is flammable. The gas can be efficiently and completely burned. (2) Since complete combustion is performed at a high temperature, generation of harmful gases such as dioxins and generation of smoke can be suppressed. (3) Since the zenith portion 62 of the lid 50 is curved, convection in the furnace 12 is made smooth, complete combustion is promoted, and ash scattering is prevented. Moreover, since it is not necessary to provide a long chimney, the incinerator as a whole can be downsized.

The present invention has many embodiments and can be variously modified based on the above disclosure. For example, the following is also included. (1) The shape and size of each part in the above-described embodiment are examples, and can be appropriately changed as necessary. For example, in the above embodiment, the flat pipes 82A to 82C are provided on the main pipe 80 of the blower pipe 72, but as shown in FIG. 3, other shapes may be used. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 9A, the plates 200A to 200C having edges formed downward, and in the example shown in FIG. 9B, the plates 202A to 202C having a substantially trapezoidal cross section,
In the example shown in FIG. 7C, the curved plates 204A to
204C is used. No matter which shape plate is used, the basic functions and effects are the same as those of the above-described embodiment. In particular, by inclining or bending the plate downward, it is possible to reduce the catch of the incineration object on the plate.

(2) The blower pipe 72 provided inside the furnace 12 can be appropriately changed as necessary. For example, in the above-described embodiment, one blower pipe 72 is used, but as shown in FIG. 4A, three blower pipes 72 may be used, or more blowers are used. A tube may be used. Further, although the cylindrical main pipe 80 is used in the above-described embodiment, the shape of the main pipe itself can be appropriately changed as necessary. For example, the main pipe 210 shown in FIG. 4 (B) has a substantially hexagonal cross section, and the blower pipe 212 shown in FIG. 4 (C) has a substantially hexagonal cross section. Further, the shape of the discharge holes formed in these main pipes may be changed to a rectangular hole or a long-angled hole, if necessary.

(3) The shape of the zenith portion 62 of the inner lid 60 may be appropriately changed as long as the rising airflow is directed downward. For example, the zenith 2 shown in FIG.
20 has a substantially hemispherical cross section, and the zenith portion 222 shown in FIG. 1B has a conical shape whose vertical cross section is substantially triangular. In addition, the zenith portion 224 shown in FIG.
When viewed from above, has a hollow center and its cross section has a shape like two continuous semicircles. Further, the example shown in FIG. 3D is an example in which an inverted conical portion having a substantially inverted triangular cross section is provided at the approximate center of the zenith portion 226. In any case, the basic operation / effect is the same as that of the above-described embodiment.

(4) The present invention is applicable to general business establishments,
It can be used in hospitals, nursing facilities, schools, factory agricultural processing plants, cooking centers, tourist sites, construction sites, various factories, offices, etc. The installation site is also preferably indoors from the viewpoint of extending the life of the incinerator 10, but it can also be used outdoors. Further, when the work 26 seems to be difficult because the input port 26 of the material to be incinerated is at a high position, it may be installed in a semi-underground system.

(5) In the above embodiment, the furnace 12 is surrounded by a fence having a substantially square cross section, but it may be surrounded by a fence having a circular, rectangular, or polygonal cross section.

[0038]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Since it was decided to supply air horizontally in the combustion chamber,
The incineration process can be performed while promoting complete combustion and suppressing generation of harmful gas and smoke. Further, since the convection in the combustion chamber is promoted, efficient complete combustion can be promoted and ash scattering can be prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an overall configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of FIG. 1 taken along line # A- # A.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Incinerator 12 ... Furnace 14 ... Stand 16 ... Fence 20 ... Furnace wall 22 ... Outer wall 24 ... Upper end 26 ... Input port 28 ... Scraping opening 30 ... Door 34 ... Receiving part 36 ... Grate 38 ... Slit 40 ... Handle 42 ... Leg 44 ... Hearth 46 ... Cover 48 ... Burner 49 ... Connection 50 ... Lid 52 ... Outer Lid 54 ... Vent 56 ... Stopper 58 ... Groove 60 ... Inner Lid 62 ... Zenith 64 ... Case 66 ... Blower 68 ... Piping 70 ... Flange 72 ... Blower pipe 74 ... Connection part 76 ... Flange 78 ... Supply part 80 ... Main pipes 82A-82C ... Plates 84A-84C, 86 ... Discharge hole 88 ... End 90 ... L-shaped tube 92 ... End 94 ... Cap. 100 ... Tank chambers 102, 106 ... Tanks 104, 108 ... Window 110 ... Lids 112, 114 ... Steps 116, 118 ... Hose 120, 122 ... Nozzles 200A to 200C, 202A to 202C 204A~
204C ... Plates 210, 212 ... Main pipes 220, 222, 224, 226 ... Zenith

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Koichi Sugano             4-7-7 Motoren, Kawaguchi City, Saitama Prefecture             Business F term (reference) 3K065 AA16 AC01 DA02 GA01 GA06                       GA12 GA43 GA45                 4K045 AA01 BA10 GA08 GB08 GB10                       RB12

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A combustion chamber having an inlet for an incineration object, for decomposing and burning the incineration object, an openable / closable lid provided at an upper end of the combustion chamber, and supplying air to the combustion chamber. An air supply unit and an ignition unit for igniting an incineration object in the combustion chamber are provided, and the air supply unit concentrates the air in the combustion chamber in a substantially horizontal direction. Incinerator. 2. The air supply means is connected to the air introduction means outside the combustion chamber, and at least one blower pipe provided in the combustion chamber in a substantially vertical direction, and provided on the blower pipe in a flange shape. In addition, at least one plate extending in a substantially horizontal direction, and a plurality of discharge holes formed along the entire circumference of the blower pipe at a lower position near the plate are provided. The incinerator according to claim 1, which is characterized. 3. The incinerator according to claim 2, wherein the blower pipe is detachable from the combustion chamber, and a removal unit is provided for removing accumulated material accumulated in the blower pipe. . 4. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the zenith portion inside the lid is provided with a slope or a curved surface so that an ascending air flow is directed downward. 5. The incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising auxiliary combustion means for promoting or suppressing a combustion state in the combustion chamber. 6. The incinerator according to claim 5, wherein the auxiliary combustion means includes a combustion promoting material supplying means for supplying a combustion promoting material and a combustion suppressing material supplying means for supplying a combustion suppressing material.