JP2003206194A - Compost apparatus for hardly decomposable organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve consumption at a value suitable for a chemical fertilizer and to facilitate recycling by vigorously and aerobically degrading hardly decomposable organic wastes considered to be hardly microbially decomposed stably for a long period, further efficiently performing ripening degradation until the volume is reduced down to 1/50 of the charge, and enhancing the dry degradation rate of the organic matter. <P>SOLUTION: The hardly decomposable organic wastes restricted to about 7 kg (6 to 10 kg) per m<SP>3</SP>are charged to a deposition layer of a prescribed height in a hermetic vessel atop a wide area of a main fermentation chamber occupying about 75% (60 to 85%) of the deposition layer and are evenly agitated in the main fermentation chamber. The agitation is electrically controlled so as to thinly mix the wastes. In a ripening chamber for the remaining volume, the wastes are uniformly agitated, are successively transferred and are made to flow over to a storage chamber. Uniform ventilation from the under surface of the deposition layer to the main fermentation chamber and the ripening chamber is surely performed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Field of Industrial Application] The present invention is capable of stably and persistently treating persistent organic waste such as raw garbage having a high ratio of components such as starch, protein and fat and excess activated sludge for covering hard outer skin for a long period of time. The present invention relates to a composting device that can be recycled by subjecting it to dry matter decomposition at a high rate.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For example, for livestock dung, for example, Japanese Patent Publication Sho 6
As shown in 3-148787, it is charged from one end side of the deposited layer, stirred and ventilated, transferred to the other end side and discharged, and a large amount of wood auxiliary material etc. is charged to the initial charging part to about 60%. Since the total volume becomes too large to adjust the water content, a large amount of residual dry matter remains and is discharged even after aging.
There is a case where it is transferred from the upper end surface to the upper end surface of the deposited layer as in -11472, and is partially returned and discharged, and it is the same, and it is deposited from everywhere on the upper surface as in Japanese Patent Publication No. 58-199093 and Japanese Patent Application No. 57-1111829. In the case where the discharge part is provided without throwing it into the layer and transferring it, the immature material is mixed and discharged. For food waste, for example, Japanese Patent Publication 1-14538
As shown in 8, when the deposition treatment layer is provided with an inlet on one end side and is charged into a small volume of the first layer, sequentially transferred, discharged from the final layer and partially returned to the first layer, The rapid fermentation type is generally used, in which the outer circumference is heated by electric heating to achieve high efficiency in a small volume, but it was in a state without fruit. Even in the original example in which the deposition layer is divided into the main deposition chamber and the aging chamber and the input materials are sequentially transferred,
241999, Tokuhei 3-93688 and EPC0599
The same is true of an example in which an input port is provided at one end side of the main fermentation chamber as in 661, and a return device and a crushing chamber are provided, and it is input in order to achieve natural fermentation without electric heating for persistent organic waste. There were deficiencies in the quantity and fermentation volume requirements and in maintaining active fermentation.

[0003]

Although there are many examples of developing composting devices, they lack the ability to stably process persistent organic waste for a long period of time. Layers need to be renewed, and when renewed, unripe materials that will be added soon will be mixed, so aging treatment outside the equipment or incineration is required, and there are many actual cases in which use of the equipment is discontinued due to poor operation, which is difficult to decompose. There were many problems to be solved in the fermentation treatment of organic waste. In addition, since the production of even compost of livestock manure is overproduction, it is necessary to increase the dry matter decomposition rate to a value close to that of chemical fertilizers in order to recycle organic waste outside agriculture to cultivated land. It was deficient. On the other hand, the fast-acting formula with electric heating is deceptive because it cannot maintain the growth of microorganisms only under high temperature conditions, and even if PH is simply automatically controlled, it will be deteriorated if conditions are not satisfactory. And, originally, the only microorganism that can grow at a high temperature of 50 ° C or higher is a fibrinolytic bacterium, and at 45 ° C or lower, an anaerobic spoilage bacterium also propagates and the temperature and PH decrease to finally reach a deteriorated state. Therefore, in order to solve the problem, the necessary conditions for a device that stably maintains aerobic fermentation should be clarified quantitatively to ensure that persistent organic waste is maintained at a high temperature by natural fermentation by microorganisms. It is an object of the present invention to increase the decomposition rate of dry matter and make it recyclable.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems An overflow plate having a predetermined height is installed on one end side of a closed container to form a deposition layer in the container, and an intake pipe is installed on the lower surface of the deposition layer to exhaust gas from the upper space. And the dry matter input amount of organic waste per 1 m ^{3 of} the sedimentary layer is 7
The main fermentation chamber, which holds about 75% (60 to 85%) of the sediment layer and the aging chamber of the remaining volume, is kept at about kg (6 to 10 kg) and the raw material is fed into the main fermentation chamber. The opening layer is connected to a sufficient upper surface area of the reactor, the sediment layer in the main fermentation chamber is moved horizontally by stirring the stirring shaft by the control meter, and it is uniformly mixed with the required sufficient amount of base compost according to the above rules, and the deposit in the aging chamber is completed. The bed is characterized in that it is moved uniformly by stirring the rotating shaft, and is connected to the storage chamber on the overflow plate after passing from the main fermentation chamber to the aging chamber.

In the case of a small apparatus, the rotary shaft is fixedly installed horizontally in a closed container, and a long pawl for cutting the deposit layer at the tip and transferring it horizontally to the rotary shaft, and a long pawl in the opposite direction. The main fermentation chamber is configured with short claws that can be horizontally transferred to the main fermentation chamber, and the maturing chamber is configured by installing long claws that suppress horizontal transfer to the rotating shaft, and a wide input port is provided above the center of the main fermentation chamber. Although it is fixedly installed, it is characterized in that the feed is uniformly agitated and mixed in the main fermentation chamber by installing a control meter for time control of forward rotation and reverse rotation in the drive motor of the rotating shaft.

In the case of a large-scale apparatus, a main carriage that moves back and forth above the deposited layer is installed by connecting it to the left and right ends of a closed container, and a vertical rotary shaft is mounted on the main carriage to move left and right. A subsidiary vehicle is installed, and the sedimentary layer is divided into the main fermentation chamber and the aging chamber based on the difference in the movement trajectory of the rotation axis that occurs when the movement of the main and subsidiary vehicles is regulated by a control meter, and the inlet moves back and forth in a closed container. The opening end connected to the transfer machine and installed at the tip of the transfer machine was adjusted to move to the set area in the main fermentation chamber on the front side of the main trolley with a control meter, and all the equipment was stored in a closed container. It is characterized by achieving the purpose.

A large number of elongated tubes are concentrically installed inside the intake pipe installed at the lower end surface of the deposited layer, one end is opened, the elongated pipe is bent, and the other end is opened and connected to the outside of the intake pipe at equal intervals. However, the total value of the opening areas of the elongated tubes is smaller than the opening area of the intake tube.

[0008]

[Function] In the main fermentation chamber, which occupies about 75% of the sediment layer formed in the vessel, the raw material for processing is put into the main fermentation chamber with a volume of dry matter of about 7 kg per 1 m ^{3 of} volume of the sediment layer, and is uniformly diluted by the rotating shaft of the controller. When agitating and mixing and aerating uniformly and reliably from a number of elongated tubes in the intake pipe, aerobic bacteria sufficiently decompose even hard-to-decompose organic waste even at high temperature under the environment of base compost containing an appropriate amount of fiber mass. , The temperature of the microorganisms rises while reducing the amount of heat due to the decomposition heat of dry matter decomposition of the microorganisms and the evaporation of water, but the amount of starch is 10 kg / m for waste that does not have a particularly large amount and is relatively easy to decompose.
Input close to ³ is enough, and if the input is difficult to decompose, which accounts for 75% of the remaining rice, 6 kg / m ³ is required, and fiber is replenished into the pace compost according to the consumption in the fermentation process. The ratio of the main fermentation chamber is adjusted within the range of 60 to 85% in consideration of the ideal value of dry matter reduction rate of effluent, and when it is excessive input or biased mixing from the above conditions, it is difficult to decompose due to insufficient decomposition As organic matter accumulates in the base combo, the sedimentary layer gradually deteriorates to a conventional state where it needs to be renewed in a short period of time. Conversely, when the input is insufficient, only the fermentation load on the base compost increases and it deteriorates. However, although the economical efficiency is reduced, the present invention works well on persistent organic waste under favorable conditions.

When the deposition height in the main fermentation chamber increases, it shifts to the connected maturation chamber and falls from the overflow plate to the storage chamber where it accumulates and keeps a predetermined height at all times. A product that has been thoroughly decomposed into dry matter by installing a thin slender tube and performing proper fermentation with a small amount of intake air, mixing evenly without mixing new inputs into the aging chamber, and sequentially transferring with stirring to deepen aging and deepen aging Are stored in the storage chamber. In the experimental results of the deposition layer and the input amount under the above conditions, the reduction rate due to the treatment is about 1/50 of the input amount.
(2%), the water content of the input is about 78%, and continuous operation is possible, so the calorific value of dry matter is 4,000 Kcal / k.
Estimated value of heat loss rate is 44%, and latent heat of vaporization including temperature rise is 600 Kcal / kg, and even if higher water content can be dealt with by preventing heat loss, dry matter residual rate is 78% when water content is 78%. It decreases to 6.4%, decomposes and eliminates organic matter to the limit, and acts to approach chemical fertilizers.

[0010] In the case of a small-scale device, the main fermentation chamber is relatively narrow, so when the input port is fixedly installed in a wide area above the center of the main fermentation chamber, only horizontal movement in the opposite direction by the long and short claws of the horizontal rotary shaft is required. However, it is not enough, but the amount of movement to the left and right can be adjusted by the forward / reverse rotation time in the controller to make the deposited layer almost level, and stirring and mixing can be performed evenly and evenly. In the case of a large-scale device, since the deposition height is limited and the surface area of the main fermentation chamber is too large, the input end is moved from the input port to a wide area of the main fermentation chamber through the transfer device, and the movement trajectory of the vertical rotary shaft By electrically controlling the charging end in conjunction with each other, all the devices for uniformly and dilutely mixing with the sediment layer in the main fermentation chamber act as a compact device that is housed in a closed container. Thus, the new compost and the base compost in the main fermentation chamber, which is regulated to have a necessary and sufficient volume as described above with respect to the input quantity, are mixed uniformly and dilutely to perform active fermentation and drying.

If the passing air resistance value inside the elongated tubes installed at equal intervals in the intake pipe is set to a predetermined value or more, even if the specific elongated tubes in the multiple tubes are clogged with the sediment layer powder or the like, a predetermined air pressure is generated. In response to this, it is possible to blow off the clogging and to ensure that the sediment layer is always ventilated under design conditions with an easy-to-manufacture structure, and when using a thinner tube in the aging chamber than the main fermentation chamber, the aging chamber It works by setting the aeration amount of the above to a condition smaller than that of the main fermentation chamber.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a small-scale and simple horizontal rotary shaft type device. An overflow plate 2 having a predetermined height is provided on one end side of the closed container 1 to form a predetermined amount of a deposited layer 3 in the container 1, and the rotary shaft 5 fixedly installed horizontally in the container 1 is a motor in the machine room 1a. The main fermentation chamber 3a is provided with a long claw 5a, which is driven at a low speed from 5c through a speed reducer 5d, and has a relatively small diameter and a short claw 5b having a slanting angle, which is cut in the outer diameter surface of the shaft 5, in a reverse screw arrangement. , The volume of the layer 3 is about 75% of the total volume, and the inlet 6 shown in the example of the wide lid is provided in the upper center portion, and the deposition layer 3 is moved in a complicated manner by the long and short claws 5a and 5b as shown by double-line arrows. By connecting the controller 5e to the motor 5c and adjusting the required time to reverse rotation, the aged layer 3 in the main fermentation chamber is mixed to a sufficiently high level so that the remaining volume of the deposited layer 3 is the long claw 5b.
A mating chamber 3b that simply arranges and stirs uniformly, and both chambers 3a
-A partition plate 3c having a moving gap is provided between 3b to avoid mixing, to connect from the aging chamber 3b to the storage chamber 4 in the space 2a above the plate 2, and the intake pipe 7 is arranged below the deposition layer 3. It is installed and connected to the intake pump 7a, and is connected from the upper space 8 of the layer 3 to the exhaust pipe 8b through the exhaust blower 8a.

FIG. 2 shows a detailed description of the intake pipe 7. A large number of elongated tubes 7a, such as extra fine plastic pipes for drip, are also built in the intake pipe 7 installed under the deposition layer 3 at equal intervals, and one end is opened concentrically with the pipe 7 and the other after bending. When the end is opened to the outside of the pipe 7, it is adhered to the flat plate 7b and then inserted and fixed in the pipe 7, and the baffle plate 7c is separated from the flat plate 7b to prevent press-fitting of the deposit layer 3 and the like, and the intake air is indicated by a dotted arrow. As shown in the deposition layer 3.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a large scale device. 1 to
8 is the same as the embodiment of FIG. 1, except that the storage chamber 4 is also housed in the container 1, the rotary shaft 5 is a vertical type on the deposition layer 3 and screw claws are installed, and the main carriage 9 is different. The driving roller 9b moves on the tracks 9a installed at the left and right ends of the upper space 8 of the deposition layer 3.
4, the driven vehicle 10 having the rotating shaft 5 installed therein moves left and right on the track 10a in the main vehicle 9 by the drive roller 10b, and both rollers 9a and 10a are regulated by the controller 5c.
As shown in the example shown in Fig. 2, the rotating shaft 5 takes a locus of movement in the deposited layer to agitate the entire deposited layer 3, and the deposit is also driven by the movement of the rotated shaft 5, so that the deposited layer 3 is uniformly mixed with the main fermentation chamber 3a. Then, the fermentation layer 3 is divided into the aging chamber 3b which is simply and uniformly stirred.

As shown in FIG. 3, from the charging port 6 through the transporting machine 6a shown as an example of a belt conveyor, from the charging end 6b shown as an example of a screw conveyor to the main fermentation chamber 3a as a double-width raw material with a predetermined width It is also controlled by the controller 5c that the closing end 6b is moved on the narrow track 11 by the drive motor 11b at a slower speed than the main carriage 9, and the closing end 6a is controlled by the control carriage 5c.
Existing in the main fermentation chamber 3a even when the rotary shaft 5 reaches the overflow plate 2 and is connected to the inlet 6 at the end of the transport machine 6a even when the rotary shaft 5 reaches the tip surface of the sediment layer 3. Therefore, since the raw material is widely dispersed and charged into the charging area 6c shown by the dotted line in FIG. 4, the raw material is mixed with the moving locus of the rotating shaft 5 shown in FIG. When the raw material is charged, the movement locus of the shaft 5 in the ripening chamber 3b shown in FIG. 4 is taken also in the main fermentation chamber 3a, and when the regular locus shown in FIG. It is even better because the amount can be reduced. Further, in FIG. 3, the input port 6 is connected to the central upper part of the container 1 in the simplified example, but it may be installed in the front or connected to a predetermined position of the transportation machine 6a by another screw or the like. good.

[0016]

FIG. 5 shows the structure shown in FIG.
The temperature measurement result of a small device of 0 kg / D, which is the case of hardly decomposable organic waste containing abundant protein and fat, the upper figure shows the temperature rise for 5 days immediately after the start of charging, and the lower figure shows 5 days after a long period of time is similarly shown, points A to D in the figure are equidistant, points B to C are in the central part of the main fermentation chamber, points D are adjacent to the aging chamber, and points A are adjacent to the machine room. It is close to the wall, and at points B to C, the temperature slightly drops when the raw material is charged, but it becomes 75 degrees or more, and in the figure below, point D also exceeds 60 degrees, indicating a vigorous aerobic property for persistent organic waste. The effect resulting from the present invention of fermentation is shown.

FIG. 6 shows the result of measurement for more than 3 months with the 10 kg / D small-sized apparatus having the structure shown in FIG. 1, and the raw material “input amount” per day and the total “accumulation amount” during fermentation drying were measured. The value and the progress of "weight loss" per day due to drying and dry matter decomposition obtained from both are shown on the right scale, and the "weight loss rate" of the whole sedimentary layer and the "aging rate" at the end of the aging chamber are shown on the left scale. However, as shown in the figure, the "weight reduction rate" indicated by the coarse vertical bar is 2
"Maturation loss rate" indicated by a fine vertical bar even though it is only about 5%
The amount of input shortage was less than 4% even though it was in the final stage,
2% of the target shows the effect that is considered achievable.

The problem of recycling food waste is considered to be important, and although many companies have made development efforts for many years, the present invention can solve the present situation that cannot yet spread, without delay.
Achieving sufficient weight reduction and reducing the residual dry matter value will increase the value of replacing chemical fertilizers and increase consumption. Waste from the outside can be spread and established as recycled products.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of a small device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the intake pipe of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic side sectional view in the case of a large-sized device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows a moving locus of a vertical axis type rotary shaft in the case of the large-sized apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 shows the temperature measurement results of each part in the present invention for each elapsed month and day.

FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the input amount and the reduction amount for each elapsed month and day in the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 closed container 2 overflow board 3 sedimentary layers 3a Main fermentation room 3b Aging room 4 Storage chamber 5 rotation axes 5a long nail 5b short claw 5c motor 5e Control meter 6 input port 6a transport aircraft 6b Input end 7 Intake pipe 7a elongated tube 8 upper space 8b exhaust pipe 9a Main bogie 9b Follower truck

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI theme code (reference) C02F 11/02 C05F 9/02 D C05F 7/00 301 B09B 3/00 ZABD 9/02 AF term (reference) ) 4D004 AA02 AA03 BA04 CA15 CA19 CB04 CB27 CB28 CB42 DA02 DA03 DA11 DA13 4D059 AA05 BA03 BJ02 BJ03 CB04 CB06 CC01 4G036 AC54 4G078 AB20 BA01 CA02 DA03 DA28 4H061 AA03 CC47 CC51 CC55 GG43 FF06

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An overflow plate 2 is installed on one end side of a closed container 1 to form a deposit layer 3 of a predetermined height in the container 1, and an intake pipe 7 is installed below the deposit layer 3 to form an upper space 8 Is connected to the exhaust pipe 8b, and the amount of organic waste dry matter input is kept at about 7 kg (6 to 10 kg) per 1 m ^{3 of} the deposited layer 3, and 75% of the deposited layer 3 is maintained.
The main fermentation chamber 3a which occupies the position (60 to 85%) and the ripening chamber 3b with the remaining volume are divided, and the input port 6 is open-connected to a sufficient upper surface area of the main fermentation chamber 3a, and the main fermentation chamber 3 is controlled by the controller 5e.
The sedimentary layer 3 in a is horizontally moved by stirring the rotating shaft 5 to uniformly mix it, and the sedimentary layer 3 in the maturation chamber 3 b is uniformly moved by stirring in the rotating shaft 5 to move from the main fermentation chamber 3 a to the maturation chamber 3 b. A composting device for hardly decomposable organic waste, characterized in that it is connected to a storage chamber 4 on an overflow plate 2 after passing through. 2. The composting device according to claim 1, wherein the rotary shaft 5 is fixedly installed horizontally in the closed container 1,
A long claw 5a that horizontally cuts and deposits the deposited layer 3 on the rotating shaft 5, and a short claw 5 that horizontally transfers the long claw 5a in the opposite direction.
b is installed side by side to configure the main fermentation chamber 3a, and the long claw 5a that suppresses horizontal transfer is installed on the rotary shaft 5 to configure the aging chamber 3b.
A wide charging port 6 is fixedly installed at the upper center of the main fermentation chamber 3a, and a reverse rotation type controller 5e is provided for the drive motor 5c of the rotary shaft 5.
A composting device for persistent organic waste, characterized by being installed. 3. The composting device according to claim 1, wherein a main carriage 9 that moves back and forth above the deposition layer 3 is connected to the left and right ends of the closed container 1, and a vertical rotary shaft is provided on the main carriage 9. 5 is installed and a subordinate trolley 10 that moves left and right is installed, the movement of the main and subordinate trolleys 9 and 10 is regulated by the controller 5e, and the sedimentary layer 3 becomes the main fermentation chamber 3a from the difference in the movement locus of the rotating shaft 5. Aging room 3b
The transfer port 6 is opened and connected to the transfer device 6a which moves back and forth in the closed container 1 to the tip of the transfer device 6a.
Is installed and the input position is regulated to the setting area in the main fermentation chamber 3a on the front side of the main carriage 9 by the control meter 5e, and the whole apparatus is housed in the closed container 1 so that the hardly decomposable organic waste. Composting equipment. 4. A large number of elongated tubes 7a are concentrically housed inside an intake pipe 7 installed at the lower end surface of the deposition layer 3 so that one end is open and the elongated pipe 7a is bent and the other end is an intake pipe. 7. A composting device for hardly decomposable organic waste, which is connected to the outside of the suction pipe 7 at even intervals so that the total value of the opening areas of the elongated tubes 7a is smaller than the opening area of the intake pipe 7.