JP2003179515A - Portable radio equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that it has been so necessary conventionally to provide electromagnetic shielding portions in portable radio equipment in order to reducing its electromagnetic noises as to make hard its miniaturization. <P>SOLUTION: With respect to the portable radio equipment, signal converting means are so provided in the signal inputting/outputting portions of its each IC chip as to perform by optical signals its signal transmissions among its IC chips. Thereby, its weight and price are reduced by removing electromagnetic shielding materials from it. Further, by using as its antenna elements signal inputting/outputting pins (102) of an IC package (101) used in its high-frequency portion, its terminal is miniaturized. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a mobile communication field, and more particularly to a wireless communication system for realizing a small, lightweight and low cost wireless device and a portable wireless device used therein.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a portable wireless device is required to be compact and lightweight for easy carrying. In addition, lowering the price of terminals is also a problem in order to increase the number of users. In order to solve these problems, it is necessary to reduce the number of parts and the system load.

First of all, a shield material is mentioned as a component which hinders downsizing, weight reduction and cost reduction of portable radios. Hereinafter, a conventional technique for the shield will be described.

Usually, a radio device is generally shielded. The purpose of this shield is roughly divided into
(1) to prevent unnecessary radio waves inside the terminal from radiating to the outside (unwanted radiation to the outside of the housing), and (2) to block interference waves that enter the inside of the wireless device from outside the terminal. It can be roughly divided.

The reason why the shield in the case of (1) is necessary will be described. FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining a phenomenon in which unnecessary radio waves inside the self terminal are radiated to the outside. In FIG. 15, the parts that may emit unnecessary radio waves include a high frequency frequency synthesizer (1520) that is an oscillation source, an intermediate frequency stage oscillator (1521), and a reference clock oscillator (152
2) etc. To give a specific frequency, the reception frequency (1523 part) 1.9 GHz band (transmission speed is 2
Taking a cordless phone (about 00 Kbps) as an example,
Transmitting / receiving first intermediate frequency (1524 part) is 200-
If it is a radio | wireless machine of 300 MHz and the transmission / reception 2nd intermediate frequency (1525 part) is about 50-100 MHz, the high frequency frequency synthesizer (1520) will be 1.6-1.7.
Approximately GHz, the intermediate frequency stage oscillator (1521) is 150
The frequency is about 200 MHz. Further, in a mobile phone with a reception frequency of 900 MHz band (transmission rate of about 40 Kbps), the above value is about half the value. Since the reference clock oscillator (1522) having a transmission speed of about 100 times is used, the frequency of the cordless telephone is about 20 MHz and the frequency of the mobile telephone is about 4 MHz.

In a wireless communication system in which such a wireless device is used, wireless terminals of the same system in the vicinity are the same for all terminals, not to mention the wireless frequency band (1523), and even if the manufacturers of the terminals are different. Also, the first and second intermediate frequencies (1524,
1525) is likely to be used. Therefore, the above-mentioned high frequency frequency synthesizer (1520), intermediate frequency stage oscillator (1521), reference clock oscillator (152
2) If all three leak to the outside of the housing (1527), they become an interference wave for other wireless terminals, which lowers the so-called C / I and causes deterioration of the reception state.

Next, a situation where the radiation from the housing affects the radio will be described from the viewpoint of the time axis. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a frame structure of TDMA communication of the wireless communication system.
Here, it is assumed that the terminal A is a radio device that generates unnecessary radio waves and the terminal B is a radio device that is affected by unnecessary radio waves. In this figure, R1, R2, and R3 are reception slots (201), T1,
T2 and T3 (202) are transmission slots, for example,
When it is received in the R1 slot, transmission is performed in the T1 slot, so-called ping-pong transmission (TimeDivision).
Ion Duplex: TDD) is assumed.
Here, the frames of the terminals in the system are synchronized (203), and the reception slots (2
01) and the transmission slot (202) do not overlap in time. Even in such a case, when the oscillation sources (120, 121, 122) built in the terminal have the same frequency as described above, radio wave interference occurs between the terminal A and the terminal B.
For example, even when each terminal (terminals A and B in this example) is in the reception R1 state, the high frequency frequency synthesizer (120),
Since the intermediate frequency oscillator (121) and the reference clock oscillator (122) are in the operating state, unless the oscillation source of the terminal A is sufficiently shielded, as shown in FIG. ) And terminal B (304) are close to each other, terminal A (303) to terminal B
Radiation of unwanted radio waves (305) occurs in (304), and terminal B
The reception characteristics of are degraded. Normally, in the TDD system, the receiving slots R1, R2, R3, etc. are separately allocated to each terminal, and therefore, during a normal call, for example, the terminal A is R
1 and terminal B are assigned different slots such as R2, and such interference between terminals does not pose a problem.

However, when each terminal is in a standby state, each terminal is in a paging state for receiving a control signal (302) transmitted from the radio base station (301) to all terminals. In such a case, different terminals may be receiving the same reception slot (for example, R1), which may cause radio wave interference as described above. Needless to say, it is necessary to provide a shield to reduce unnecessary radiation from the oscillation source, and conversely, it is also necessary to provide a shield to the terminal B to reduce unnecessary radio waves to the terminal A. Nor.

The above is the interference at the time of reception, but naturally, also at the time of transmission, radio wave interference due to unnecessary radiation occurs between terminals, and this is radiation after the radiation itself has been amplified by a power amplifier, etc. The emission level is larger than that of the reception level, which is a larger problem than the reception level. For example, in FIG. 2, the transmission frame (2
02), when the terminal A and the terminal B are transmitting using the same T1 slot, for example, the terminal A and the terminal B are close to each other, and the shielding effect against unnecessary radiation radiated to the outside by the mutual terminals is provided. If not enough, for example, unwanted radiation from the terminal A enters the wireless unit through the gap between the antenna (1501) of the terminal B or the outside of the housing (1527) such as an interface connector, a microphone, and a speaker (1526). , A high frequency synthesizer of terminal B (152
0) and the power amplifier (1512) and the like, causing problems such as deterioration of transmission modulation accuracy and deterioration of C / N of the high frequency synthesizer.

The frequencies that may be radiated to the outside of the housing of the radio device as described above include the frequencies such as the radio frequency, the intermediate frequency, and the clock frequency, as well as the harmonic frequency and the low frequency of the oscillation source of these frequencies. Wave frequencies and other secondary and third-order components newly generated by these components and non-linear distortion of the radio section
Higher-order nonlinear distortion components such as the 4th, 5th, and so on are considered, and these are generally called spurious emissions.

The shield for preventing unnecessary radio waves inside the own terminal from radiating to the outside has been described above in (1), but conversely, it is necessary to reduce the interference of external radio waves by (2 It goes without saying that this is a shield that is used to prevent interference waves from entering the inside of the radio from outside the terminal.

As described above, the shield is indispensable also in the radio equipment used in the radio communication system in which the synchronization state is generally maintained through the slave terminal.

As described above, the radio device is usually provided with a shield for a portion that radiates radio waves or a portion that is not resistant to interference waves. Shielding is performed by covering a necessary portion with a conductor based on the principle of electrostatic shielding, which is called electromagnetism. At this time, in order to complete the shield, in principle, it is necessary to cover the required portions without gaps with a conductor having a high conductivity.

Since other radio communication systems, televisions, radio broadcast waves, etc. have different radio frequency bands, the band filters and channel selection in the radio frequency band and the intermediate frequency band provided in a normal radio device are provided. Although it can be sufficiently reduced with a filter, etc., as described above, in order to reduce unnecessary radio waves from radio equipment used in close frequency bands in the same system, the frequency of the desired wave and the unnecessary wave should be reduced. Since they are close to each other or almost the same, it is impossible to use the bandpass filter as described above. Therefore, in the past, in order to prevent the interference wave, there was no choice but to provide a shield.

However, even if the shield is applied, it is effective to shield unnecessary radiation of interference waves in the intermediate frequency band (1524, 1525) which is not directly connected to the antenna (1501), but it is effective even if the shield is applied. Regarding the interference in the frequency band, there is a problem that even if the outer casing is covered with a shield, unnecessary radiation is generated from the antenna (1501), and it is difficult to maintain the shielding effect.

Further, the intermediate frequency band (1524, 152
As for the unwanted radiation of 5), there is also a problem that it is radiated from the antenna to the outside of the housing by wrapping around (1501) from the power supply line to the antenna inside the housing.

Moreover, such a shield material is usually heavier as the effect thereof is increased.
It needed to be big, thick, or multi-ply, and wasn't a good fit for a handheld device where very cheap, small, and lightweight were desirable.

Next, FIG. 4 shows a connection diagram of actual parts in a conventional portable radio device, and a conventional shielding method performed there will be described.

In the conventional portable wireless device, the components 401 and 402 constituting the device are connected by the conductor wiring 403,
Transmission of signals between parts was performed by electrical means. When the length of the wiring for transmitting a signal by such an electric means is 1 [m], then 1 / n [m]
For an AC signal having a wavelength of (n is a natural number), since the conductor wiring 403 serves as an antenna, a wavelength of 1 / n [m] (n is a natural number) is included in an unnecessary signal passing through the wiring 403. When the AC signal contained therein is included, it is radiated from the wiring 403 and deteriorates the characteristics of other parts in the device and other devices. On the other hand, if unnecessary signals are mixed in from the outside of the device,
If an AC signal having a wavelength of / n [m] (n is a natural number) is included, it is mixed from the wiring 403, which adversely affects the operation of components and deteriorates the characteristics of the device.

Therefore, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 5, a shield 501 made of a material having a high conductivity is used for a component composed of a single or a plurality of parts, or for the entire device.
It was covered with an electromagnetic shield to prevent unwanted signal radiation or mixing, and deterioration of characteristics was prevented by performing electrostatic shielding based on the principle of electromagnetics. The effect of such electrostatic shielding increases as the thickness of the conductor increases and the sealing rate of the shield increases. However, in order for a component to transmit a signal to another component, it is necessary to provide an interface with the outside. Since a signal to be transmitted is passed through such an interface portion, it cannot be covered with a shield, and the shield 501 always needs a hole 502 necessary for connection with the outside, which reduces the sealing rate of the shield. Unwanted signal 503 is radiated from the inside of the shield to the outside of the shield through the hole 502. Also,
On the contrary, the unnecessary signal 504 mixed from the outside passes through the hole 502 and mixes into the shield, which adversely affects the operation of the component.

By the way, in order to enhance the effect of the shield, there is a method of further increasing the thickness of the shield, but it is sufficient for the deterioration of the effect of the shield caused by the low sealing rate. You cannot get the shield effect. In such a case, as shown in FIG. 6, a method of covering a single shielded component or a plurality of shielded components 601 transmitting signals to each other with a shield 602 made of a material having high conductivity. Can also be considered. With such a shield, a higher shield effect can be obtained as the number of layers is increased.

However, there is always a hole 603 for providing an interface with the outside, including the outermost part of such a shield, and it is not possible to create a completely sealed state. It cannot be shielded. Further, the more the shield becomes thicker and the more it is multiplexed, the more effective it becomes, but the volume, weight, and cost increase, which is inconvenient for a portable wireless device that requires performance such as small size, light weight, and low cost. .

Although the shield has been mentioned above as a component that prevents the portable wireless device from being downsized, an oscillator is another component that prevents the portable wireless device from being downsized and reduced in price, like the shield. Next, a conventional technique for this reference oscillator and reference oscillator will be described.

Generally, a radio device is provided with an oscillation circuit which is generally used for frequency conversion of transmission / reception and a reference clock signal of a digital section. This oscillator circuit is generally composed of an oscillator, a tuning circuit, an amplifier circuit, etc., and a crystal oscillator, a ceramic oscillator, etc. are used as a highly accurate reference oscillator. It will be explained how such oscillators provided in the radio impair the miniaturization of the radio.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of a conventional radio device. In the block diagram of FIG. 7, the upper half is the receiving system and the lower half is the transmitting system. In the following description, parts that are not particularly necessary are omitted. This radio is shown in Figure 7
It has five oscillators 01 to 705.

The operation principle of transmission / reception of this radio will be described focusing on the roles of these five oscillators. Since the radio frequency signal received by the antenna (706) is normally incapable of channel selection filtering and A / D conversion in the radio frequency band, the frequency is gradually converted to a lower frequency that can be processed by these. First, the low-noise amplifier (707) gives a required gain for improving the NF of the wireless device, and then the first frequency conversion is performed. This operation is performed in the frequency converter (mixer) (708) by multiplying the received radio frequency signal by the reference oscillator (701). Here, the oscillator (701) is usually a frequency synthesizer that can tune the frequency to a desired reception channel. This frequency synthesizer
It is well known that the wireless unit is a particularly large and expensive component. The signal frequency-converted to the first intermediate frequency is amplified (709) and then frequency-converted again to a lower frequency. For this purpose, the frequency converter (7
In 17), the desired signal is multiplied by the reference signal supplied from the receiving second intermediate frequency converting oscillator (703) to form a low frequency signal that can be processed. After that, a low frequency amplifier (710) gives a desired gain, and then the signal is sent to a digital signal processing unit (711) for signal processing. A clock oscillator (705) for supplying a reference clock signal to the digital signal processing unit is required.

On the other hand, on the transmitting side, modulation (716) is performed by the digital signal generated by the digital processing unit (711), and this time, an operation of frequency converting this signal into a radio frequency band is performed. It is sufficient if the frequency can be converted to the radio frequency band at one time, but since the gain and selectivity obtained in one intermediate frequency stage are limited, the frequency is normally converted to the radio frequency band in the same manner as in the case of reception. It First, in the transmission intermediate frequency mixer (715), multiplication with the reference signal supplied from the transmission intermediate frequency conversion oscillator (704) is performed. After this signal is amplified by the transmission intermediate frequency amplifier (714), the transmission high frequency mixer (713) further multiplies the radio carrier signal supplied from the transmission radio section frequency conversion oscillator (702) to obtain a desired radio frequency. Convert frequency to band. This signal is amplified by the transmission power amplifier (712) and then radiated into the air from the antenna (706).

The specific frequencies of the above-mentioned radio frequency and intermediate frequency are as follows. In a cordless telephone having a reception frequency of 1.9 GHz band (transmission speed is about 200 Kbps), the first transmission / reception first intermediate frequency is 200 to 300 MHz,
If the transmission / reception second intermediate frequency is about 50 to 100 MHz, the high frequency synthesizer (701) has a frequency of 1.6 to
About 1.7 GHz, 1 intermediate frequency stage oscillator (702)
The frequency is about 50 to 200 MHz. Further, in a mobile phone with a reception frequency of 900 MHz band (transmission rate of about 40 Kbps), the above value is about half the value. At this time,
In the case of so-called TDD in which transmission and reception are performed at the same frequency, transmission and reception high-frequency frequency synthesizers (701 and 70)
2) Further, the intermediate frequency conversion oscillators (703 and 704) can be shared.

However, in the TDMA and FDMA systems which are normally used in mobile phones and the like, the oscillators 701, 702, 703 and 70 have different transmission and reception frequencies.
Different 4 are required. Further, since the reference clock oscillator (722) having a transmission rate of several hundred times is used, the frequency of the cordless telephone is about 20 MHz and the frequency of the mobile telephone is about 4 MHz. Furthermore, the reference clock oscillator is used when intermittent reception (battery saving) is performed to reduce the power consumption of the radio.
There are cases where two types of clocks are prepared, a clock for operating the digital section and a lower frequency clock for the clock function, and two types of clock oscillators are also required. If there are more modes, the number of oscillators will increase. Therefore, it can be seen that at least 6 oscillators are required even in the ordinary radio device shown in FIG.

Each of these oscillators requires a crystal oscillator (ceramic oscillator at low frequencies), and since these oscillators have no resistance to external interference,
It is usually provided with a metal cap shield, which makes it unsuitable for a very compact and lightweight radio in terms of volume and weight. In addition, the absolute accuracy of clock frequency and reference carrier frequency required for mobile phones and cordless phones in recent years is on the order of a few ppm, and such high-accuracy oscillators are particularly common in wireless devices alongside filters. It is an expensive part. In a portable wireless device, such oscillators and oscillators are likely to be large, and it is difficult to satisfy the electrical characteristics equivalent to those of conventional ones in the case of miniaturization.

In the above, the shield and the oscillator which prevent the miniaturization and the price reduction of the portable wireless device have been described. further,
In the following, the transmission power control performed by the portable wireless device,
It will be explained that the transmission power control increases the physical volume of the portable wireless device, which hinders downsizing and cost reduction of the portable wireless device.

Normally, when carrying data such as voice on radio waves for communication, a relay device such as a base station is commonly used by many users at the same time, and each user can efficiently construct a communication line. Multiple access may be used. As one of the methods for realizing this method, as shown in FIG. 8, a band usable for communication is frequency-divided so that the spectrum (801) used by each user does not overlap on the frequency axis. FDMA (Fr
sequence Division Multiple
There is an Access method. Since this FDMA has the best track record in the system currently used, the hardware is sufficiently developed. Also, there is no need to adjust the timing of the line.

However, in many places such as urban areas where the population is large, many users use the terminal, but since the usable frequency band is limited, the line is congested and the terminal cannot be used. . As a method for solving the above problem, as shown in FIG. 9, TDMA (Time Division Multi) in which each user sequentially sets communication lines by dividing time using the same frequency band
There is an Apple Access method. In this, the transmission timing is controlled so that the signals do not overlap on the repeater, the time slots (901) are switched, and the information is extracted in a time division manner in the demodulation. The modulation method is generally P
The SK method is used.

As another method, as shown in FIG. 10, a large number of users perform communication by spreading the spectrum (1001) on a wideband spectrum of the same frequency and superimposing the spectrum (1001) on each other to perform channel identification. CDMA (C
ode DivisionMultiple Acce
ss) method. This allows random access and widens the power spectrum of the signal to obtain processing gain for removing interference. In addition, the repeater with a hard limiter acts as an ideal AGC for the broadband phase-modulated signal.

Here, transmission power control is required on the wireless terminal side in order to effectively use the capacity for communication. This is because, if the transmission power control is not performed on the wireless terminal side, the terminal close to the base station and the terminal far from each other whose power received by the base station is close to each other are large and the terminals far from each other are small. Therefore, even when the reception power of the terminal far from the base station is despread, it is buried in the power of the terminal close to the base station. Therefore, if there is one terminal in the immediate vicinity of the base station, the terminals in the other zones cannot call because of this one terminal. Therefore, it is necessary to control the transmission power on the side of the wireless terminal so that the call can be made. Further, considering the communication capacity, the communication capacity becomes maximum when the received powers at the base stations are equal.

However, in Patent No. 5056
When the transmission power control is performed based on the control signal from the base station as indicated by 109, it is impossible for the base station to equalize the reception power spectrum of all terminals. Therefore, the capacity is considerably deteriorated. Also,
When controlling the power from a near terminal to a distant terminal, the power must be controlled within a considerable range, which increases the system load. Therefore, when communication is performed in a state where frequency efficiency is high using CDMA, power control is required, which is a system load. Further, finely controlling the transmission power is one of the causes of impairing the miniaturization of the portable wireless device.

Further, an antenna for a portable wireless device, which is important for downsizing the wireless device, will be described. A portable wireless device, for example, a portable wireless device having a function of transmitting and receiving information transmitted via radio waves requires an antenna as a part for exchanging radio waves with space. This is large because the antenna mounted at a position away from the housing for interaction with the outside requires strength and the like. Therefore, the miniaturization of the antenna is required to miniaturize the wireless device.

Usually, as an antenna of a portable radio device,
A monopole antenna as shown in FIG. 11 or another name whip antenna is used. Since this antenna structure is simple and low in cost, it is widely used. However, this monopole antenna is a rod-shaped antenna element (1101) having a length of ¼ wavelength of a desired frequency.
Is mounted in a form that pops out from the portable wireless device body,
It has the drawback that it is easily damaged when carrying or operating.

As an antenna that compensates for the drawbacks of such a monopole antenna, there is a coaxial antenna, which is a modification of a half-wavelength dipole antenna classified as one of the same linear antennas as shown in FIG. 12, and a so-called sleeve antenna. This antenna has a choke effect for high frequency current due to the cylindrical conductor (1203) having a length of ¼ wavelength. The surrounding appearance is protected by a fiber-reinforced plastic pipe that takes into consideration low loss and strength against high frequencies. Furthermore, a built-in type antenna is adopted, and when a call is made, a rod-shaped antenna is pulled out and used, and when it is carried, it can be stored to avoid damage during carrying.

However, this antenna structure has problems that it has a complicated structure and that it is difficult to give flexibility to the antenna element itself. Further, when the antenna is operated even if the antenna element is strengthened, it becomes the outside of the radio device terminal, so that there is a problem of possibility of damage and characteristic deterioration due to excessive addition.

In order to improve this problem, a method of incorporating an antenna element inside the housing can be considered. As a built-in antenna, as shown in FIG.
There are two built-in plate-shaped inverted F antennas and an S-shaped antenna in which the band of the built-in plate-shaped inverted F antenna as shown in FIG. 14 is improved. This is an L-shaped antenna in which a linear element is added to the top of the monopole antenna to lower the height of the antenna, and an inverted F antenna in which a folded structure is added to this, and the top element is made into a plate shape. Inverted F antenna. Also,
An S-shaped antenna is a plate-shaped T-shaped antenna that is a combination of two L-shaped antennas and two inverted-F antennas. These antennas are advantageous for downsizing, and since there is no protrusion outside the radio terminal, stable operation can be realized and there is no risk of damage.

However, in the conventional radio terminal, only the antenna element is built in the finite volume in which the antenna is present, and it is separated from the portion for processing the signal transmitted / received from the antenna. . For this reason, a transmission line that connects the signal processing portion to the antenna element is required, and a finite area is required on the substrate on which the package or module is mounted for this transmission line. As a result, the wireless terminal becomes large. Also, as the frequency used for communication increases, the transmission line loss becomes very large. For this reason, systematic addition to the wireless terminal becomes large from the viewpoint of output power and reception sensitivity.

Therefore, as the frequency used increases, the loss due to the connection between the antenna and the IC also increases, and the area for that is required. In order to solve these problems, a small and simple antenna construction method has been desired.

[0044]

Therefore, in a portable wireless device, such a shield material is not necessary at all, or even if a shield material is needed, it is electrically connected by a shield method simpler than before. There has been a demand for a small and inexpensive wireless device having a shield effect similar to that of a conventional portable wireless device.

The present invention provides a method of shielding that is simpler and more effective than conventional ones, and is small, lightweight, inexpensive, and has excellent characteristics such that unnecessary signal radiation or interference from an external unnecessary signal is small. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a portable wireless device.

[0046]

The portable wireless device of the present invention is characterized in that one or a plurality of pins for electrically connecting to the IC package are used as an antenna element.

Alternatively, in an IC module mounted in a mobile terminal, one or a plurality of antenna elements are formed in a cap made of metal and dielectric used to prevent electromagnetic coupling with the outside. It is characterized by doing.

Alternatively, in the case of performing communication by code division multiplexing as a method of performing wireless communication, the mobile terminal has a function of receiving a control signal from the base station and detecting this electric field strength, and this is detected. It is characterized in that it comprises means for switching the time slot used for communication according to the strength.

[0049]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An embodiment of a portable wireless device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

The antenna element is usually a portable radio (270
2) It is mounted at the end position inside and is connected by a transmission line from the radio section. Further, the wireless IC is not usually used as it is cut out from the wafer, but is fixed inside the package (2705). This package (2
Pins (2) are used to connect the IC fixed to 705) to the outside.
703) is used. This pin (2703) is usually
It is soldered to the board and used for connecting the signal line. In the portable wireless device of the present invention, this pin (270
3) is not connected to the substrate (2706). Then, this package (2705) is attached to the part where the antenna is originally mounted, and I of this package (2705) is attached.
Set the length of C pin (2703) to 1 of the radio frequency of the desired wave.
It can be operated as a monopole antenna by setting the length to / 4 wavelength. Thereby, the antenna element can be configured without separately providing the antenna element at a location apart from the IC.

The conventional portable radio device has a drawback that there is a loss in the transmission line between the IC and the antenna, and since the transmission line is formed on the substrate, the mounting area is large. As the frequency increases, the effect of transmission line loss increases, and the system load increases. However, since the antenna element is directly connected to the IC, wireless communication can be performed without transmission line loss, and the area for the transmission line is not required on the substrate, so that the portable wireless device (2702) can be miniaturized. You can do it. In addition, as shown in FIG. 17, a pin (2803)
The pin (280
It is also possible to reduce the size of the antenna element itself by forming the spiral inductor (2802) on the IC (2801) of the portion connecting 3).

FIG. 18 shows another embodiment of the portable wireless device according to the present invention. Pin (290) of the package (2902)
When 1) is used as a monopole antenna, a ground layer is provided below the monopole antenna of the substrate (2903) on which the package (2902) is mounted, and the distance from that position is ¼ wavelength of the frequency used for communication. The antenna element is placed in.

As shown in FIG. 19, this is a ground conductor plate (30
From 04), when the current source (3003) is placed at the position of ¼ wavelength of the desired frequency, the image (3005) of the current source on the opposite side can be formed in the same size and in the opposite phase. On the other hand, the waves are overlapped to double the amplitude, and in the opposite direction, they cancel each other out. Thereby, the directional gain of the antenna can be doubled. The idea can be realized by removing the metal under the antenna and securing a quarter wavelength from the lower ground plane as shown in FIG. The portion up to the lower ground (3104) is a dielectric and can be made shorter than the wavelength in free space, so that the effective length can be shortened. Further, as shown in FIG. 21, the pin (32) at the end of the package (3202) is
01) is used to configure the antenna element, and the pin (3201) is bent and used to secure the pin length. Since the pins of the package (3202) cannot use the area of the corners, they become useless parts. Therefore, this area can be effectively used by bending the antenna element and removing the metal at this corner.

FIG. 22 shows another embodiment of the portable radio device according to the present invention. Conventionally, IC chip (3304)
When a chip component having resistance and capacitance is mounted on a substrate to form a module, a metal cap (3301) is attached as a shield measure. In the portable wireless device according to the present invention, a slit (3302) is opened in a part of the metal cap (3301) and used as an antenna element. In order to excite the antenna element, as shown in FIG. 23, a part of the multilayer substrate (3407) is hollowed out, and the IC (3404) is placed at a position separated by a distance where the metal cap (3401) does not affect the transmission line. The transmission line for mounting and exciting the antenna element is provided with the transmission line (3403) at the optimum height for exciting the slit (3402) provided on the outermost metal cap (3401). I do. Further, a metal for shielding is plated on the outside of the IC package, and a slit (3402) is formed in a part thereof. In this case, the same method is used for IC
From (3404), this slit (3402) is used as an antenna element, and the transmission line (340
Incorporate 3). When this method is used, the area as an antenna is not required on the substrate on which the module is mounted, and it is effective for downsizing the terminal.

FIG. 24 shows another embodiment of the portable radio device according to the present invention. When a module is constructed by mounting an IC chip and chip components such as resistors and capacitors on a substrate, a dielectric cap (3501) is used as a lid thereof. A microstrip antenna (3502) is formed on the dielectric cap (3501). The line for exciting the transmission line (350) on the side surface of the dielectric cap (3501).
4) is provided to excite the antenna. As the side transmission line (3504), a coplanar line or a slot line is used when conductors can only be formed on the same plane, and a microstrip line or the like is used when a ground layer can be provided inside. The line for exciting and the substrate on which the IC is mounted are connected by attaching a side surface metal electrode to the side surface of the dielectric cap (3501).

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 25 and 37, in the line for exciting, the portion corresponding to the lid of the dielectric cap (3701) is multi-layered, and the antenna is provided through the layer of the exciting line (3704) and the slit (3809). Exciting the element (3802). The shape of the antenna element may be a square as shown in FIG. 28 or a spiral shape as shown in FIG. Further, as a method of exciting, as shown in FIGS. 30 and 42, the layer of the excitation wire (4204) and the layer of the microstrip antenna (4202) are excited by using the through hole (4206). Further, as shown in FIG. 32, as a method for achieving miniaturization when an antenna is formed on the dielectric cap (4201) of the module, as shown in FIG.
The inverted F antenna (4302) can be realized by exciting the side surface of 1) using the transmission line (1704). Similarly, as shown in FIG. 33, the excitation line (44
The S-shaped antenna (4402) can be realized by exciting the layer 04) through the through hole (4405).

FIG. 34 shows another embodiment of the portable radio device according to the present invention. The length of the pin (4502) of the IC package (4501) is changed and used as an antenna element corresponding to different frequencies. Two types of pin (4502) lengths are prepared, and as shown in FIG. 35, FDD (Freq
In the case of using a system of "uency Division Duplex", it becomes possible to operate as an antenna for each of transmission and reception. In addition, when transmitting / receiving to / from a plurality of systems as shown in FIG.
By providing a pin (4702) with a length of ¼ wavelength of the frequency used in each system, as shown in
It becomes possible to support a plurality of frequencies.

FIG. 38 shows another embodiment of the portable radio device according to the present invention. Two or more pins (4902) of the pins (4902) of the IC package (4901)
To configure the antenna with the same length. Two or more antenna elements are separated from each other, and two or more systems of receiving sections (4903) in the IC are prepared corresponding to the respective antenna elements. Diversity reception can be performed by receiving data with each antenna and selecting and switching only the data with the best reception state, or by combining the power received by the receiving units of two or more systems. As a result, it is possible to reduce the rate of reception errors due to the reception power that changes momentarily due to fading, and it is possible to perform good data communication.

FIG. 39 shows another embodiment of the portable radio device according to the present invention. Of the pins of the IC package (5001), two pins (500
2) is used to construct an antenna of the same length. Since the antennas are offset by 90 degrees, different planes of polarization can be received. By using this, polarization diversity can be realized by utilizing the vertical and horizontal polarization components. It can be used in complicated radio wave environments such as urban environments, and is not easily affected by the internal structure of the radio. Further, since the manner of fading changes depending on the direction of each polarization, transmission diversity can be achieved by transmitting on different polarization planes on the transmission side. Further, by receiving signals having different polarization planes with this structure, it is possible to cope with radio waves whose polarization planes are rotating, so that circular polarization can be received. Also, as shown in FIG. 40, this is a slit (51) on the metal cap (5101).
02) can be similarly applied.

FIG. 41 shows another embodiment of the portable radio device according to the present invention. Of the pins (5202) of the IC package (5201), two pins (5202) in different directions by 90 degrees are used to configure antennas of different lengths. Since the respective antennas are deviated by 90 degrees, the polarization planes received differ. Therefore, it is possible to maintain isolation even when receiving near frequencies,
This is effective when transmitting and receiving systems with similar frequencies at the same time. This can be configured in the same manner even when the slit (5302) is provided in the metal cap (5301) as shown in FIG.

FIG. 43 shows another embodiment of the portable radio device according to the present invention. A plurality of pins (5402) of the IC package (5401) are used to form a monopole antenna of the same length. The power supply line (540) having different length is connected to each antenna.
By providing 3), the phase of the radio wave transmitted and received from the antenna is changed. Thereby, the direction of the radio wave beam can be adjusted to a desired direction, the array antenna can be operated, and the angle diversity can be performed. Also, as shown in FIG. 44, the pin (5502)
The phase shifter (550
6) is made for each antenna element. This phase shifter (5506) can be controlled to control the phase of the radio wave emitted from the antenna, and it operates as an active phased array antenna. This makes it possible to transmit and receive a radio wave in a desired direction by creating a directional beam, and also to swing the beam at high speed. As a measure against multipath, the phase is controlled to remove unnecessary reflected waves so that the gain becomes zero in the direction in which the unnecessary reflected waves arrive. By this means, it is possible to eliminate reception errors due to multipath.

[0062]

According to the present invention, a metal for shielding is plated on the outside of an IC package used in a high frequency part of a radio device, a slit is opened in a part thereof, and the slit is used as an antenna element for excitation. By incorporating the transmission line in this way, the area as an antenna is not required on the substrate on which the module is mounted, and therefore it is effective for downsizing the terminal.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a portable wireless device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a conventional portable wireless device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a conventional portable wireless device.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining radiation and mixing of unnecessary electric signals due to wiring between components.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a conventional portable wireless device.

FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a multiplexed electrostatic shield.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a conventional portable wireless device.

FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining FDMA.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining TDMA.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining CDMA.

FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the structure of a monopole antenna.

FIG. 12 is a view for explaining the structure of a sleeve antenna.

FIG. 13 is a view for explaining the structure of a built-in inverted F antenna.

FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the structure of an S-shaped antenna.

FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining a shield.

FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining an antenna using pins of an IC package.

FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a structure for shortening the length of an antenna element.

FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the directional gain of a monopole antenna.

FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining that the directional gain is doubled.

FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining a structure in which a distance of ¼ wavelength is formed using a substrate.

FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining a structure in which a pin is bent to form an antenna.

FIG. 22 is a view for explaining a structure that constitutes an antenna using a metal cap.

FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining a method of exciting a slit provided in a metal cap.

FIG. 24 is a diagram for explaining a structure that constitutes a microstrip antenna in a dielectric cap.

FIG. 25 is a view for explaining a structure that constitutes a microstrip antenna in a dielectric cap.

FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining a power feeding method using slots.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a power feeding method using slots.

FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining the structure when a square patch is used.

FIG. 29 is a diagram for explaining a structure using an antenna having a spiral structure.

FIG. 30 is a diagram for explaining that a through hole is used as an excitation method.

FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional view for explaining that a through hole is used as an excitation method.

FIG. 32 is a view for explaining the structure of an inverted F antenna.

FIG. 33 is a view for explaining the structure of an S-shaped antenna.

FIG. 34 is a diagram for explaining a structure in which an antenna pin is used for the antenna.

FIG. 35 is a diagram for explaining the frequency spectrum of the FDD system.

FIG. 36 is a diagram for explaining a structure that constitutes an antenna using the pins of the antenna.

FIG. 37 is a diagram for explaining frequency spectra of a plurality of systems.

FIG. 38 is a diagram for explaining performing diversity using two antennas.

FIG. 39 is a diagram for explaining a structure that enables reception of different polarization planes.

FIG. 40 is a diagram for explaining a structure for receiving orthogonal polarization planes using slots.

FIG. 41 is a view for explaining a structure that constitutes an antenna using orthogonal pins.

FIG. 42 is a view for explaining the structure of an antenna using orthogonal slots.

FIG. 43 is a diagram for explaining the operation of an array antenna using a plurality of antennas.

FIG. 44 is a view for explaining the structure of an active phased array antenna.

[Explanation of symbols]

101 ... Package, 102 ... Pin 201 ... Receiving slot, 202 ... Transmission slot 203 ... Terminal A and terminal B synchronization 301 ... Radio base station, 302 ... Paging signal, 30
3, 304 ... Portable wireless device (slave station), 305 ... Interference wave 401 ... Component 402 ... Component 403 ... Wiring between components 404 ... Electric signal radiated from wiring 405 ... Wiring An electrostatic signal 502 mixed in with the electrostatic shield 502 an interface hole 503 an unnecessary signal radiated from the shield hole 504 an interference signal 506 mixed from the shield hole ..Electrically shielded component 602 ... Electrostatic shield 603 ... Interface hole 701 ... Receiving first intermediate frequency conversion oscillator 702 ... Transmission radio frequency conversion oscillator , 703 ... Receiving second intermediate frequency converting oscillator, 704 ... Transmitting intermediate frequency converting oscillator, 705 ... Reference clock oscillator, 706 ... Antenna,
707 ... Low noise amplifier, 708 ... First intermediate frequency mixer, 709 ... Reception first intermediate frequency amplifier, 710 ... Reception second intermediate frequency amplifier, 711 ... Transmission / reception (digital) signal processing unit 712 ... Transmission power amplifier, 713 ... Transmission High frequency mixer,
714 ... Transmission intermediate frequency amplifier, 715 ... Transmission intermediate frequency mixer 716 ... Modulator, 717 ... Second intermediate frequency mixer 801 ... Frequency spectrum 901 ... Time slot 1001 ... Frequency spectrum 1101 ... Antenna element 1102 ... Ground, 110
3 ... Feed line 1201 ... Coaxial line 1202 ... Ground 1203 ...
Cylindrical conductor 1301 ... Plate antenna element 1302 ... Ground, 1
303 ... Feed line 1401 ... Antenna element, 1402 ... Feed section 1501 ... Antenna, 1502 ... Send / receive switch,
1503 ... High frequency filter, 1504 ... Low noise amplifier, 1505 ... High frequency mixer, 1506 ... Reception first intermediate frequency filter, 1507 ... Reception first intermediate frequency amplifier, 1508 ... Intermediate frequency mixer, 1509 ... Reception second intermediate frequency filter, 1510 ... reception second intermediate frequency amplifier, 1511 ... transmission and reception (digital) signal processing unit,
1512 ... Transmission high frequency filter, 1513 ... Transmission power amplifier, 1514 ... Transmission high frequency mixer, 1515 ... Transmission second intermediate frequency filter, 1516 ... Transmission second intermediate frequency amplifier, 1517 ... Transmission intermediate frequency mixer, 1518 ...
Transmission first intermediate frequency filter, 1519 ... Modulator, 15
20 ... High frequency frequency synthesizer, 1521 ... Intermediate frequency stage oscillator 1522 ... Reference clock oscillator, 1523 ... Transmission / reception radio frequency, 1524 ... Intermediate frequency, 1525 ... Intermediate frequency, 1526 ... Speaker, 1527 ... External housing 2701 ... Human head, 2702 … Portable radio, 2703
... pin 2704 ... beam, 2705 ... package, 2706 ...
Substrate 2801 ... IC, 2802 ... Spiral inductor, 2
803 ... Pin 2804 ... Package, 2805 ... Board 2901 ... Pin, 2902 ... Package, 2903 ... Board 2904 ... GND surface 3001 ... Double beam, 3002 ... Beam, 3003
Current source 3004 ... GND surface 3005 ... Current source image 3006 ... Beam image 3101 ... Pins 3102 ... Package 3103 ... Board 3104 ... GND surface 3201 ... Pins 3202 ... Package 3203 ... Metal surface 3204 ... Dielectric surface 3301 ... Metal cap, 3302 ... Slit, 330
3 ... Transmission line 3304 ... IC, 3305 ... Wire 3401 ... Metal cap, 3402 ... Slit, 340
3 ... Transmission line 3404 ... IC, 3405 ... Wire, 3406 ... Through hole 3407 ... Multilayer substrate 3501 ... Dielectric cap, 3502 ... Microstrip antenna 3503 ... Metal surface (GND surface), 3504 ... Transmission line (excitation line) 3601 ... Dielectric cap, 3602 ... Microstrip antenna 3603 ... Metal surface (GND surface), 3604 ... Transmission line (excitation line) 3605 ... GND layer, 3606 ... Wire, 3607 ...
IC 3608 ... Substrate 3701 ... Dielectric cap, 3702 ... Microstrip antenna 3703 ... Metal surface (GND surface), 3704 ... Transmission line (excitation line) 3705 ... GND layer 3801 ... Dielectric cap, 3802 ... Microstrip antenna 3803 ... Metal Surface (GND surface), 3804 ... Transmission line (excitation line) 3805 ... GND layer, 3806 ... Wire, 3807 ...
IC 3808 ... Substrate 3809 ... Slit 3901 ... Dielectric cap 3902 ... Rectangular microstrip antenna 4001 ... Dielectric cap 4002 ... Spiral antenna 4101 ... Dielectric cap 4102 ... Microstrip antenna 4103 ... Metal surface (GND surface), 4104 ... Transmission line (excitation line) 4105 ... GND layer, 4106 ... Through hole 4201 ... Dielectric cap, 4202 ... Microstrip antenna 4203 ... Metal surface (GND surface), 4204 ... Transmission line (excitation line) 4205 ... GND layer, 4206 ... Through hole, 420
7 ... Wire 4208 ... IC, 4209 ... Substrate 4301 ... Dielectric cap, 4302 ... Inverted F antenna 4303 ... Metal surface (GND surface), 4304 ... Transmission line (excitation line) 4401 ... Dielectric cap, 4402 ... S shape Type antenna 4403 ... Metal surface (GND surface), 4404 ... Transmission line (excitation line) 4404 ... Through hole 4501 ... Package, 4502 ... Pin 4601 ... Receiving antenna spectrum 4602 ... Transmitting antenna spectrum 4701 ... Package, 4702 ... Pin 4801 ... System A spectrum 4802 ... System B spectrum 4901 ... Package, 4902 ... Pin, 4903 ... Receiving section 5001 ... Package, 5002 ... Pin 5101 ... Metal cap, 5102 ... Slit, 510
4 ... IC 5105 ... Wire 5201 ... Package, 5202 ... Pin 5301 ... Metal cap, 5302 ... Slit, 530
3 ... IC 5304 ... Wire 5401 ... Package, 5402 ... Pin, 5403 ... Transmission line 5404 ... IC, 5405 ... Wire 5401 ... Package, 5402 ... Pin, 5403 ... Transmission line 5404 ... IC, 5405 ... Wire, 5406 ... Phaser

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Satoshi Arai             One share at 3-1, Asahigaoka, Hino City, Tokyo             Ceremony Company Toshiba Hino Factory (72) Inventor Hiroshi Tsurumi             1st Komukai Toshiba-cho, Sachi-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa             Inside the Toshiba Research and Development Center F term (reference) 5J046 AA12 AA19 AB06 AB08 AB13                       SA00                 5J047 AA12 AA19 AB01 AB06 AB08                       AB13 FD01 FD06                 5K011 AA06 AA15 AA16 DA02 JA03

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A portable wireless device including an integrated circuit device in which a transmitter or a receiver for transmitting or receiving a wireless signal is resin-sealed, and one or more portable wireless devices for electrically connecting to the integrated circuit device. A portable wireless device using a pin as an antenna element. 2. A portable wireless device including an integrated circuit device in which a transmitter or a receiver for transmitting or receiving a wireless signal is resin-sealed, in order to prevent the integrated circuit from being electromagnetically coupled to the outside. A portable wireless device in which one or a plurality of antenna elements are formed in a cap made of metal and dielectric used for. 3. The portable wireless device according to claim 1, wherein the two or more antenna elements are antenna elements having polarization planes in different directions.