JP2003156332A - Surveying method and system, and program therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and a system that can easily specify, to which station on a map or a station arrangement figure a station set in a site to be surveyed corresponds. SOLUTION: The surveying method includes a process for storing coordinates data at a plurality of stations that are installed at a site, a process for calculating and storing distance among the stations based on the coordinates data, a process for measuring the distance between at least two reference spots in a plurality of reference spots that are subjected to be the plurality of stations, and a process for searching for the distance between stations that agrees with or nearly agrees with the measured distance between the reference spots in a plurality of stored distance between surveying spots and for specifying the station, corresponding to the reference spot.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a surveying method, a surveying system, and a program used for them.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, surveying involves the work of measuring the coordinates of a survey point (reference point) roughly located on the site to be surveyed (frame survey), and the detailed survey using these survey points. Can be divided into work (detailed survey).

[0003]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, a site where there is little change in topography (for example, inside a tunnel or a vast landfill)
When performing detailed surveys in a situation where a large number of reference points are installed in the area, if the reference points near the place where the surveying equipment is installed do not have a number, or if the specified number does not indicate wind, rain, etc. If exposed and disappeared, it is not possible to easily determine which station on the map or station map is the reference point on the site.

[0004]

Therefore, according to the present invention, even if the reference point installed at the site of the survey target does not have a number or the like, or if the reference point has disappeared, An object of the present invention is to provide a surveying method and a surveying system capable of easily recognizing which reference point is on a map or a survey map.

To achieve this object, the surveying method of the present invention comprises a step of storing coordinate data of a plurality of measuring points, a step of calculating and storing distances between the respective measuring points based on the coordinate data. Of a plurality of reference points installed at the site corresponding to the plurality of measurement points, a step of measuring the distance between at least two reference points, and measuring from among the stored plurality of distances between the measurement points And searching for the measured distance and specifying a measurement point corresponding to the reference point.

Further, the surveying system of the present invention is installed at a site corresponding to a plurality of measuring points and a storage section for storing the distances between the respective measuring points calculated based on coordinate data of a plurality of measuring points. Among the plurality of reference points that are present, the measurement unit that measures the distance between at least two reference points, and the distance measured by the measurement unit is searched from among the plurality of inter-point distances stored in the storage unit. , And a calculation unit that specifies a measurement point corresponding to the reference point.

Further, the program of the present invention is stored in a computer, having a function of storing coordinate data of a plurality of existing measurement points, and a function of calculating and storing distances between measurement points based on the coordinate data. At least 2 of the plurality of reference points corresponding to the plurality of measuring points among the plurality of measuring points
It has a function of searching and specifying a match or almost match with the measured value of the distance between two reference points, and a function of specifying a measurement point corresponding to the specified distance between measurement points.

[0008]

1 is a view for explaining an example in which a surveying method and a surveying system according to the present invention are applied to surveying an inner section of a tunnel.
Existing measurement points (reference points) P _L1 ...
A detailed surveying procedure for detailed surveying the inner cross-section of the tunnel 1 based on the known coordinates of P _Ln , P _R1 ... P _Rm will be described.

I. Frame survey: Existing measurement points (reference points) P _L1 ... P _Ln , P _{R 1} ... Installed on the inner surface of the tunnel ₁ .
Coordinates of P _Rm is measured by the framework survey are given as shown in Table 1 below.

The data of the measuring point coordinates shown in Table 1 are provided as electronic data, and can be stored in various memory cards, for example, or can be transmitted using a communication line.

Existing measuring point P_L1… P_Ln, P_R1… P_Rm
In frame surveys that measure the coordinates of the
The separation (pitch) may be roughly determined. This place
The distance between the measuring points installed on the inner wall 2 on the left side and the
There should be an appropriate difference between the distances of the measuring points installed on the wall 3.
You can leave it off. In addition, the existing measuring point P_L1… P_Ln, P
_R1… P_RmIs a well-known surveying reflective sticker, surveying pin,
A surveying reference point such as a surveying prism is preferably used.
It The existing measurement points are the prism support that can fix the prism.
May be

II. Surveying device: As the surveying device 4 shown in FIG. 1, a device capable of measuring a distance and an angle (horizontal angle, vertical angle) can be used. For example, a well-known total station can be preferably used. Among the many total stations provided on the market, the total station with an automatic tracking function that automatically recognizes and collimates a reference point such as a reflection sticker for surveying or a prism is preferably used. As this total station with an automatic tracking function, a TCRA model manufactured by Leica can be suitably used. Further, the surveying instrument 4 is particularly preferably a computer-embedded total station capable of storing electronic data of measuring point coordinates (see Table 1) and storing various arithmetic programs using the electronic data.

Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the computer 5 of the surveying device 4 comprises, in addition to the CPU 6, a measuring section 7 including an automatic tracking function, an input section 8, a storage section 9, and an arithmetic section 10. The storage unit 9 stores the electronic data of the measuring point coordinates described above.
Is programmed to be stored in.

III. Detail survey: The detail survey is performed by the procedure shown in FIG.

(1) Calculation of inter-measurement point distance The computer 5 of the surveying device 4 uses the electronic data of the measurement point coordinates input through the input section 8 to calculate the inter-measurement point distance in the calculation section 10. The calculation result (see Table 2 below) is stored in the storage unit 9. For example, n measurement points (P _L1 ... P) are provided on one side wall (the left side inner wall in FIG. 1) of the tunnel 1.
_Ln ) and m measuring points (P _R1 ... _PRm ) are installed on the other side wall (the inner wall on the right side in FIG. 1), the distance between the _measuring points obtained by the calculation is _{n + m} C ₂ It is an individual.

[0016]

In Table 2, the distance between measurement points Δ (x,
y, z) are the three coordinate values (X,
The value calculated based on Y, Z), the distance between stations Δ (x,
y) is a value calculated based on the two coordinate values (X, Y) included in each coordinate of the measuring points, and the distance between the measuring points obtained by the calculation is Δ (x, y, z) or Δ. Only one of (x, y) may be calculated, or both may be calculated.

(2) Installation of Surveying Device The surveying device 4 is installed in the area to be the object of detailed surveying. As described above, when the reference point installed at the site is simply the prism support, the prism is fixed to each prism support in the area to be surveyed. in this case,
The coordinates of the center of the prism fixed on the prism support are
It corresponds to the coordinates of the measuring point given as electronic data.

(3) Identification of Surveying Point As shown in FIG. 4, the surveying instrument 4 is activated to start the surveying instrument 4.
Collimate three reference points Pi, Pj, Pk that can be collimated by
Distances Li, Lj, Lk (including horizontal distance and vertical distance) from the center of the surveying instrument 4 to the reference points Pi, Pj, Pk, vertical angles φi, φj, φk, and horizontal angles θi, θj between the measuring points.
Measure θk. The surveying device 4 measures the measured distance Li,
Lj, Lk, vertical angles φi, φj, φk, horizontal angles θi, θ
Based on j, θk, the coordinate values (xi, yi, zi), (xj, yj, zj), (x) of the three measurement points Pi, Pj, Pk
k, yk, zk), and then the reference point distance d (Pi
-Pj), d (Pj-Pk), d (Pk-Pi) are calculated.

Reference point distances d (Pi-Pj), d (Pj
-Pk) and d (Pk-Pi) are 3 of the X, Y, Z coordinate values.
It may be a value calculated based on the components [see Formula (1)], or a value calculated using only two components (X, Y coordinates) among them [see Formula (2)] ] May be sufficient.

[0021]

[0022]

Now, the distance between the reference points d (Pi-Pj), d
When (Pj-Pk) and d (Pk-Pi) are values calculated using the three components of the X, Y, and Z coordinate values, data that matches or almost matches these three values is stored in the storage unit 9. Stored Table 1: Distances between measurement points Δ (x, y, z) are searched for, and reference point distances d (Pi-Pj) and d (Pj-P) are searched.
k) and d (Pk-Pi), the distance data between the measurement points is specified, and any of the measurement points P _L1 ... P _Ln , P _R1 ... P _Rm in which the three measurement points Pi, Pj, Pk are stored. Is specified.

For example, the distance between the reference points d (Pi-Pj),
d (Pj-Pk) and d (Pk-Pi) are d (P
_{L1 -P R1), d (P} R1 -P R2), d (P R2 -
P _{L 1} ), or if there is a substantial match, Pi, Pj, P
k are identified as P _L1 , P _R1 , and P _R2 , respectively.

Similarly, the distance between the reference points d (Pi-Pj),
When d (Pj-Pk) and d (Pk-Pi) are values calculated using two components of the X, Y, Z coordinate values, data that match or almost match the distances between the reference points. To
Table 1 stored in the storage unit 9: Distance between measurement points Δ (x,
y) data is searched and the distance d between reference points is d (Pi-P
j), d (Pj-Pk), and d (Pk-Pi) corresponding to the inter-station distance data, and the three stations Pi, Pj, P
It is specified whether k corresponds to any of the measurement points P _L1 ... P _Ln , P _R1 ... P _Rm . In this case, for the specified measuring point, the height of the measuring point obtained by the survey (actual measurement value) is compared with the Z value of the stored measuring point coordinate (measurement point coordinate in Table 1),
You may verify whether the specified measuring point is correct.

(4) Detailed Survey When the three measurement points are specified as described above, the calculation unit 1
0 calculates the center coordinates (x0, y0, z0) of the surveying device 4 from the coordinate values of the three specified measuring points. Then, by using this center coordinate and the direction of the surveying instrument 4 obtained from the above-mentioned horizontal angles θi, θj, and θk, detailed surveying of the aerial cross section inside the tunnel in which the surveying instrument 4 is installed is performed.

IV. Other Embodiments: In the above description, three survey points are collimated by the surveying instrument 4, and the three survey points are specified based on the survey result. However, it is also possible to obtain the position (coordinates and direction) of the surveying device 4 by collimating the two surveying points with the surveying device 4 and specifying the two surveying points based on the survey results.

An example in which the present survey method and system are applied to the detailed survey of the air section in the tunnel has been shown, but the application of the present survey method and system is not limited to the above-mentioned application examples, and can be applied to various surveys. Is.

[0029]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the surveying method and surveying system of the present invention, when the number or the like is not clearly indicated on the survey points installed on the site of the survey object, Even if the number or the like that has been deleted disappears, it is possible to easily specify which measurement point on the map or the measurement point arrangement map without requiring skill.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an example in which a surveying method and a surveying system according to the present invention are applied to surveying an air section in a tunnel.

FIG. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of the surveying device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a procedure of a surveying method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for identifying three measurement points.

[Explanation of symbols]

1: tunnel 4: surveying device 5: computer 8: input unit 9: storage unit 10: calculation unit P _L1 ... P _Ln , P _R1 ... P _Rm : measurement point (reference point)

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A step of storing coordinate data of a plurality of existing measurement points, a step of calculating and storing distances between the measurement points based on the coordinate data, and a plurality of reference points corresponding to the plurality of measurement points. Among them, the step of measuring the distance between at least two reference points, and the measured reference point distance from the stored plurality of reference point distances is searched, and the measurement point corresponding to the reference point is found. A surveying method including a step of identifying. 2. A storage unit for storing distances between respective measurement points calculated based on coordinate data of a plurality of existing measurement points, and at least two of a plurality of reference points corresponding to the plurality of measurement points. The measuring unit that measures the distance between the reference points and the distance between the reference points measured by the measuring unit are searched from among the multiple distances between the measuring points stored in the storage unit, and the measuring point corresponding to the reference point is searched. Surveying system with a computing unit that identifies the. 3. A function of storing coordinate data of a plurality of existing measurement points in a computer, a function of calculating and storing a distance between each measurement point based on the coordinate data, and a plurality of stored measurement points Among the distances, a function of searching and specifying one that matches or almost matches the measurement value of the distance between at least two reference points of the plurality of reference points corresponding to the plurality of measurement points, and the A program that provides the function to specify the station corresponding to the distance between points.