JP2003148658A - Construction method of fire control partition penetration part and structure of the part - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the heat, flames, smokes, etc., generated on one side of a partitioning part of a fire control partition penetration part 5 from reaching the other side. SOLUTION: A tape-form molding 2 having a magnification power in expansion of 3-40 when heated for 30 min in an irradiating calorific quantity of 50 kw/m<2> and consisting of a thermo-expansive material having stickiness is wound round the fire control partition penetration part 5 of resin piping, cable, or heat-insulating covered pipe 1, and the gaps between the fire limit penetration part 5 and the resin piping, cable, or heat-insulating covered pipe 1 are filled with mortar, non-combustible material, or putty 4, and at this time, the tape- form molding 2 on whose one surface a die-releasing base material 6 is laminated is wound round on the resin piping, cable, or covered pipe 1 at least one turn in such a way that the base material 6 is positioned outside, and then fixed through utilization of its stickiness.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fireproof compartment for applying a fireproof measure to a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulation coating pipe which is constructed by penetrating a fireproof compartment penetrating portion provided in a partition of a building. The present invention relates to a method of constructing a penetration part and a structure of a penetration part of a fireproof compartment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Usually, when a pipe is to be penetrated through a partition such as a floor, a wall or a partition of a building, a through hole (compartment penetrating portion) for penetrating the pipe or the like is provided, and the pipe is pierced in this partition penetrating portion. (Water supply / drain pipe, electric wire pipe, drying pipe, duct, etc.) When this compartment penetration portion is a fire protection compartment penetration portion, a fire protection method is used to fill and close the gap between the piping and the cable with a filler such as mortar for fire protection. Closure of the gap by the above-mentioned filler is a necessary measure for delaying or preventing heat, flame, smoke, etc. from the fire generated on one side of the partition section from reaching the other side.

[0003]

In the case where the above-mentioned pipe is a pipe such as a metal pipe having heat resistance and noncombustibility itself, there is no particular problem even if the conventional fire protection construction method is adopted for the penetration portion of the fire prevention compartment. However, when the pipe is a synthetic resin pipe such as a hard vinyl chloride pipe or a cross-linked polyethylene pipe, a cable, or a heat-insulated pipe such as a heat-insulated metal pipe or a heat-insulated resin pipe, when the above fire protection method is adopted, the pipe itself Since the sheathing material of cables, cables and heat insulation cladding is inflammable and inferior in heat resistance, synthetic resin and sheathing materials are burned and burned during a fire, or thermal deformation occurs, resulting in a gap in the penetration area of the fire protection compartment. It was not possible to prevent the heat, flame, smoke, etc. formed and generated on one side of the partition from reaching the other side.

Therefore, a partition penetrating measure kit (hereinafter simply referred to as a kit) for filling a gap caused by a fire by a material that expands when heated is put on the market by each company (for example, "Heatmel" manufactured by Furukawa Techno Material Co., Inaba). "Fireproof unit flat type" manufactured by Denki Sangyo Co., Ltd.).

Although these kits certainly exhibit their effects, since they are kits, various resin pipes, cables,
Alternatively, it is necessary to prepare each one that matches the diameter of the refrigerant pipe etc., so there is no particular problem in a site with few partition penetrations, but a kit corresponding to each is required in a site with various partition penetrations And there was a risk of confusion. Further, in the case where the rigid vinyl chloride pipe joint penetrates the fireproof compartment, if this pipe joint is arranged offset to the through hole of the fireproof compartment, or if the pipe joint is arranged in contact with the through hole, , Installation may be difficult with these kits.

Further, since these kits are high in cost, there has been a demand for an inexpensive method for penetrating the fireproof compartment.

In view of the above situation, the present invention, therefore, may cause a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulation coating pipe, which is constructed by penetrating through a fireproof compartment, to be deformed or burned out in a fire. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a penetration section for a fire prevention section that prevents heat, flame, smoke, etc. generated on one side of the partition section of the penetration section for a fire prevention section from reaching the other side, and a structure for a penetration section for the fire prevention section. And

[0008]

In order to solve the above problems, in the invention described in claim 1, a resin pipe, a cable, which penetrates a fireproof compartment provided in a partition of a building,
Alternatively, in the method for constructing the penetration portion of the fireproof compartment through which the heat insulation coating pipe is inserted, the resin pipe, the cable, or the penetration portion of the heat insulation coating pipe at the penetration portion of the fire protection compartment is treated under irradiation heat amount of 50 kw / m ²
The tape has a expansion ratio of 3 to 40 times when heated for 0 minutes and is wound with a tape-shaped molded article made of a heat-expandable material having an adhesive property, and then a fire-proof section penetrating part and a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulation coating pipe. When backfilling the gap between and with mortar, non-combustible material, or putty, the tape-shaped molded product with the release base material laminated on one side is placed outside the release base material on a resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe. It is characterized by a method of constructing a penetration portion for a fireproof compartment, which is wound around at least one round so that it is fixed by utilizing its adhesiveness.

According to the invention according to claim 1 having such a structure, the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe inserted into the penetration portion of the fire protection compartment is thermally deformed at the time of a fire or burned to form a gap. Even if it occurs, the wound tape-shaped molded product thermally expands and closes the gap, so that heat, fire, smoke, or the like generated on one side of the fire protection compartment penetration portion is prevented from reaching the other side. Since the tape-shaped molded product is cut and wound according to the outer diameter of the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe at the time of construction, it is not necessary to prepare each member according to the outer diameter of the pipe, which is confusing at the site. Can be prevented. In addition, the tape-shaped molded product has adhesiveness, and the tape-shaped molded product with the release base material laminated on one side is placed on the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe so that the release base material is on the outside. Since it is arranged to be fixed by utilizing its adhesiveness after winding at least one round, it is easy to wind around the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe, and the construction can be simplified. .

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for constructing a penetration portion for a fireproof section in which a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulation coating pipe that penetrates a fireproof section provided in a partition of a building is inserted. A heat-expandable material having an expansion ratio of 3 to 40 times and having an adhesive property when the resin pipe, the cable, or the penetration portion of the heat insulation coating pipe penetrates the fire protection compartment under the irradiation heat amount of 50 kw / m ² for 30 minutes. After wrapping the tape-shaped molded body consisting of
When filling the gap between the cable or the heat-insulated pipe with mortar, a non-combustible material, or putty, the tape-shaped molded product having a release base material laminated on one surface is used as a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat-insulated pipe. Characterized by the method of constructing the penetration part of the fireproof compartment, in which the release base material is wrapped around at least once so that the release base material is on the outside I am trying.

According to the second aspect of the present invention thus constructed, the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe inserted into the penetration portion of the fire protection compartment is thermally deformed in a fire or burned to form a gap. Even if it occurs, the wound tape-shaped molded product thermally expands and closes the gap, so that heat, fire, smoke, or the like generated on one side of the fire protection compartment penetration portion is prevented from reaching the other side. Since the tape-shaped molded product is cut and wound according to the outer diameter of the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe at the time of construction, it is not necessary to prepare each member according to the outer diameter of the pipe, which is confusing at the site. Can be prevented. In addition, the tape-shaped molded product has adhesiveness, and the tape-shaped molded product with the release base material laminated on one side is placed on the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe so that the release base material is on the outside. After at least one round, the release base material in the overlapping part of the tape-shaped molded product is peeled off and the adhesiveness is used to fix it, so that it can be wrapped around resin pipes, cables, or heat insulation coating pipes. The work is easy and the construction can be simplified.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of constructing a penetration portion of a fireproof section in which a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulation coating pipe that penetrates a fireproof section provided in a partition of a building is inserted. A heat-expandable material having an expansion ratio of 3 to 40 times and having an adhesive property when the resin pipe, the cable, or the penetration portion of the heat insulation coating pipe penetrates the fire protection compartment under the irradiation heat amount of 50 kw / m ² for 30 minutes. After wrapping the tape-shaped molded body consisting of
When filling the gap between the cable or the heat-insulated pipe with mortar, a non-combustible material, or putty, the tape-shaped molded product having a release base material laminated on one surface is used as a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat-insulated pipe. It is characterized by a method of constructing a penetration portion for a fireproof compartment, in which the release base material is wound at least once so that the release base material is on the outside, and then the adhesive surface sides of the overlapping portions of the tape-shaped molded body are put together and fixed.

According to the third aspect of the present invention thus constructed, the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe inserted into the penetration portion of the fire protection compartment is thermally deformed in a fire or burned to form a gap. Even if it occurs, the wound tape-shaped molded product thermally expands and closes the gap, so that heat, fire, smoke, or the like generated on one side of the fire protection compartment penetration portion is prevented from reaching the other side. Since the tape-shaped molded product is cut and wound according to the outer diameter of the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe at the time of construction, it is not necessary to prepare each member according to the outer diameter of the pipe, which is confusing at the site. Can be prevented. Further, the tape-shaped molded product has adhesiveness, and the tape-shaped molded product having a release base material laminated on one surface thereof is used as a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulation coating pipe with the release base material on the outside. After winding at least one round so that the adhesive surface side of the overlapping portion of the tape-shaped molded body is matched,
Since it is fixed, the work of winding the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe is easy, and the construction can be simplified.

According to the invention described in claim 4, claim 1
The fireproof compartment penetration part structure constructed by the construction method of the fireproof compartment penetration part according to any one of 1 to 3 is characterized.

According to the invention of claim 4 configured as described above, it is possible to obtain the same effects as those of claims 1 to 3.

[0016]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 to 6 show an embodiment of the present invention.

First, the structure will be described. In this embodiment, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 1, first, the resin pipe, the cable, or the outer surface of the heat insulation coating pipe 1 has an adhesive thermal expansion coefficient. The tape-shaped molded body 2 made of a flexible material is wound and fixed by utilizing its adhesiveness (Fig. 1 shows the state in which the tape-shaped molded body 2 is wound around the resin pipe.
The same can be done for insulation cladding.)

The method of winding and fixing is as shown in FIG.
The tape-shaped molded product 2 having the release substrate 6 laminated on one surface is wound around the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 at least once so that the release substrate 6 is on the outside, and then the tape-shaped molded product. The two are superposed and fixed by utilizing their adhesiveness (Embodiment 1). In this case, the winding length of the tape-shaped molded body 2 at one time may be longer than the outer peripheral length of the resin pipe or the like.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 3, the tape-shaped molded body 2 having a release base material 6 laminated on one side thereof is placed on the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 with the release base material 6 on the outside. After winding at least one round as described above, the release base material 6 in the overlapping portion of the tape-shaped molded body 2 is peeled off and the adhesiveness is used to fix it (Embodiment 2). In this case, the winding length of the tape-shaped molded body 2 at one time may be longer than the outer peripheral length of the resin pipe.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 4, the tape-shaped molded body 2 having a release base material 6 laminated on one surface thereof is placed on the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 with the release base material 6 on the outside. After winding at least one round in this manner, the adhesive surface sides of the overlapping portions of the tape-shaped molded body 2 are aligned and fixed (third embodiment). In this case, the length of one winding is preferably longer than the outer peripheral length of the resin pipe by 5 to 20 mm. 5m
If it is less than m, the area between the adhesive surfaces is small and it becomes difficult to bond it. If it exceeds 20 mm, there is no performance effect and it is disadvantageous in terms of cost.

Next, as shown in the schematic perspective view of FIG. 5, the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 around which the tape-shaped molded body 2 is wound up is a fireproof section 3 (slab or the like) which is a partition of a building. ) Is inserted into the fire protection compartment penetration portion 5 (through hole).

Thereafter, as shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 6, mortar and non-combustible are present in the gap between the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 around which the tape-shaped molded body 2 is wound, and the fire protection compartment penetrating portion 5. The material or putty 4 is backfilled.
The resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 around which the tape-shaped molded body 2 is wound even if the tape-shaped molded body 2 burns due to combustion heat even if the tape-shaped molded body 2 is thermally deformed by heating at the time of a fire or burns to form a gap. By expanding by the above to form a refractory heat insulating layer and closing the gap, heat, flame, smoke, etc. generated on one side of the partition portion are prevented from reaching the other side. Examples of the incombustible material include rock wool, ceramic wool, glass wool and the like.

When the width of the tape-shaped molded body 2 is shorter than the thickness of the fireproof compartment penetrating portion 5, it is preferable to arrange the tape-like molded body 2 so as to be substantially uniform in the thickness direction of the fireproof compartment penetrating portion 5. It may be arranged on one side or the other. In addition, when the thickness is longer than the thickness of the fire protection compartment penetration portion 5, it is preferable that the projection lengths on both sides of the fire protection compartment penetration portion 5 are arranged to be substantially equal. Moreover, it is preferable that the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 around which the tape-shaped molded body 2 is wound be arranged so as to be substantially in the center of the through hole of the fire protection partition penetrating portion 5.

The thickness of the tape-shaped molded body 2 is 0.3 to
6 mm is preferred. If the thickness is less than 0.3 mm, it is necessary to wind many times to obtain the required winding thickness, and if it exceeds 6 mm, it becomes difficult to wind the wire to a predetermined thickness.

The winding thickness of the tape-shaped molded body 2 is
It is preferable that the diameter is 0.5 to 20% of the outer diameter of the inserted resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe 1. If the winding thickness is less than 0.5% of the outer diameter of the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1, a sufficient fire resistant heat insulation layer is not formed during a fire, and if it exceeds 20%, the opening area of the penetration part is increased. Will have to.

The width of the tape-shaped molded body 2 is preferably 25 to 150% of the thickness of the penetration portion 5 of the fireproof compartment. 25 of thickness
If it is less than 100%, a sufficient fireproof heat insulating layer is not formed at the time of a fire, and if it exceeds 150%, it becomes impossible to bend the pipe at the penetrating portion, and the degree of freedom in piping design is reduced.

The tape-shaped molded product 2 made of the above-mentioned heat-expandable material has an expansion ratio (ratio of the thickness after expansion to the initial thickness) when heated for 30 minutes under the irradiation heat amount of 50 kw / m ^2.
Is 3 to 40 times, and in particular, as long as the gap between the fireproof partition penetrating part 5 and the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 is closed at the time of fire to exhibit fire insulation properties and has adhesiveness Without limitation, the following resin composition (I) or (I
Those consisting of I) are preferred.

As the resin composition (I), a resin composition containing a rubber-containing resin component, neutralized thermally expandable graphite and an inorganic filler is used.

Examples of the rubber component include natural rubber (NR), isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), 1,2-polybutadiene rubber (1,2-B).
R), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), nitrile rubber (NBR), butyl rubber (IIR), ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM, E
PDM), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM),
Acrylic rubber (ACM, ANM), epichlorohydrin rubber (CO, ECO), multi-vulcanized rubber (U), silicone rubber (0), fluorine rubber (FKM, FZ), urethane rubber (U), polyisobutylene rubber, butyl chloride rubber Etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

As the resin component other than the rubber component, for example, polyolefin resin such as polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, poly (1-) butene resin, polypentene resin, etc .; polystyrene resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. Examples thereof include resins, polycarbonate resins, polyphenylene ether resins, acrylic resins, polyamide resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, phenol resins, polyurethane resins and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The above resin component may be subjected to modification, crosslinking or the like within a range not impairing the fire resistance of the resin composition (I). The method of modification and crosslinking is not particularly limited, and a known method may be used.

The tape-shaped molded body 2 preferably has a self-adhesive property in order to facilitate the construction when the tape-shaped molded body 2 is wound around the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1. The resin composition having self-adhesiveness is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a composition in which a liquid resin such as polybutene and a petroleum resin as a tackifier are mixed with butyl rubber.

The above-mentioned thermally expandable graphite is a conventionally known substance, and powders of natural scaly graphite, pyrolytic graphite, quiche graphite and the like are mixed with inorganic acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid and selenic acid, and concentrated nitric acid and perchlorine. A crystalline intercalation compound that is a graphite intercalation compound formed by treatment with a strong oxidizer such as acid, perchlorate, permanganate, dichromate, hydrogen peroxide, etc., while maintaining the layered structure of carbon. Is.

The acid-expanded thermally expandable graphite as described above is further neutralized with ammonia, an aliphatic lower amine, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metallized inclusion, or the like. In the present invention, this neutralized thermally expandable graphite is used.

The aliphatic lower amine is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include monomethylamine, dimethylamine,
Examples include trimethylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine and the like.

The alkali metal compound and alkaline earth metal compound are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include hydroxides, oxides, carbonates, sulfates and organic acid salts of potassium, sodium, calcium, barium, magnesium and the like. Etc.

The particle size of the neutralized thermally expandable graphite is preferably 20 to 200 mesh. If the particle size is smaller than 200 mesh, the degree of expansion of graphite is small and a predetermined refractory heat insulating layer cannot be obtained, and if the particle size is larger than 20 mesh, the degree of expansion of graphite is large, but there is an advantage.
When kneading with the resin component described below, the dispersibility deteriorates and the physical properties are unavoidably deteriorated.

Commercially available products of the above-mentioned neutralized heat-expandable graphite are, for example, "Frame Cut GRE" manufactured by Tosoh Corporation.
P-EG ", UCAR Carbon's" GRAFG "
UARD ”and the like.

The inorganic filler is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metal oxides such as alumina, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, antimony oxide, and ferrites; hydroxide. Hydrous inorganics such as calcium, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, hydrotalcite; metal carbonates such as basic magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, strontium carbonate, barium carbonate; calcium sulfate, gypsum fiber, silica Calcium salts such as calcium acid; silica, diatomaceous earth, dawsonite, barium sulfate,
Talc, clay, mica, montmorillonite, bentonite, activated clay, ceviolite, imogolite, sericite, glass fiber, glass beads, silica balun, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, carbon balun, Charcoal powder, various metal powders, potassium titanate, magnesium sulfate "MOS" (trade name), lead zirconate titanate, aluminum borate, molybdenum sulfide, silicon carbide, stainless fiber, zinc borate, various magnetic powders, slag fiber, Examples include fly ash. These inorganic fillers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

Among the above inorganic fillers, hydrous inorganic substances and / or metal carbonates are particularly preferable. Since the hydrated inorganic substance and the metal carbonate act as an aggregate, they are considered to contribute to the improvement of the strength of the combustion residue and the increase of the heat capacity. In particular, carbonates of metals belonging to Group II or Group III of the periodic table (calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate) foam when the resin composition (I) is burned to form a fired product, so that the shape retention property is improved. Is preferred.

The above-mentioned hydrous inorganic substances such as calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminum hydroxide absorb heat due to the water produced by the dehydration reaction during heating, and the temperature rise is reduced and high heat resistance is obtained. Further, the oxide remains as a heating residue, and it is particularly preferable in that the residue strength is improved by the fact that it serves as an aggregate. Since magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide have different temperature ranges in which the dehydration effect is exerted, when used in combination, the temperature range in which the dehydration effect is exerted expands, and a more effective temperature rise suppressing effect can be obtained.

The particle size of the inorganic filler is 0.5 to
The thickness is preferably 100 μm, more preferably 1 to 50 μm. When the added amount of the inorganic filler is small, the dispersibility largely affects the performance, and therefore the one having a small particle size is preferable, but when it is less than 0.5 μm, secondary aggregation occurs,
Dispersibility deteriorates. When the amount of addition is large, the viscosity of the resin composition increases and the moldability decreases as the high filling progresses, but since the viscosity of the resin composition can be decreased by increasing the particle size, A large diameter is preferable. If the particle size exceeds 100 μm, the surface properties of the molded product and the mechanical properties of the resin composition deteriorate.

Further, it is more preferable to use a combination of the above-mentioned inorganic fillers having a large particle size and those having a small particle size, and by using them in combination, the mechanical performance of the heat-expandable refractory layer is maintained. As it is, it becomes possible to achieve high filling.

As the above-mentioned inorganic filler, for example, aluminum hydroxide, "Hidilite H-" having a particle size of 1 μm is used.
42M "(manufactured by Showa Denko KK)," Heidilite H-31 "(manufactured by Showa Denko KK) having a particle size of 18 µm, and" Whiten SB red "(manufactured by Shiraishi Calcium Co.) having a particle size of 1.8 µm which is calcium carbonate. ), “BF300” (manufactured by Bihoku Powder Kako Co., Ltd.) having a particle size of 8 μm, and the like.

In the resin composition (I), the content of the neutralized thermally expandable graphite is preferably 15 to 300 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component. Compounding amount is 1
If it is less than 5 parts by weight, a fireproof heat insulating layer having a sufficient thickness cannot be formed, so that the fire resistance is deteriorated, and if it exceeds 300 parts by weight, the mechanical strength is largely decreased and it cannot be used.

In the above resin composition (I), the blending amount of the inorganic filler is 30 to 5 relative to 100 parts by weight of the resin component.
00 parts by weight is preferred. If the blending amount is less than 30 parts by weight, sufficient fire resistance cannot be obtained due to the decrease in heat capacity, and if it exceeds 500 parts by weight, the mechanical strength is largely reduced and it cannot be used.

Further, the total amount of the neutralized heat-expandable graphite and the inorganic filler is preferably 200 to 600 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component. If the total amount is less than 200 parts by weight, sufficient fire resistance cannot be obtained, and if the total amount exceeds 600 parts by weight, the mechanical strength is greatly reduced or cannot be endured for use.

As the resin composition (II), one containing a resin component containing a rubber component, a phosphorus compound, neutralized thermally expansive graphite and an inorganic filler is used. The neutralized thermally expandable graphite and the inorganic filler used in the resin composition (II) are the same as those in the resin composition (I).

By blending the phosphorus compound in the resin composition (II), the flame retardancy and the shape retention of combustion residue are improved.

The phosphorus compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include red phosphorus; triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate,
Various phosphoric acid esters such as cresyl diphenyl phosphate and xylenyl diphenyl phosphate; metal phosphates such as sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, magnesium phosphate; ammonium polyphosphates; the following general formula (I)
And the like. Of these, from the viewpoint of fire resistance, red phosphorus, ammonium polyphosphates, and compounds represented by the following general formula (I) are preferable, and ammonium polyphosphates are more preferable in terms of performance, safety, cost and the like. preferable.

[0052]

[Chemical 1] In the formula, R1 and R3 represent hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms. R2 is a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, or 6 to 1 carbon atoms.
It represents an aryl group having 6 or an aryloxy group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms.

The above-mentioned red phosphorus improves the flame retardant effect even when added in a small amount. As the above-mentioned red phosphorus, commercially available red phosphorus can be used, but from the viewpoint of moisture resistance and safety such as not spontaneously igniting at the time of kneading, red phosphorus particles whose surface is coated with a resin are preferably used. .

As the above-mentioned ammonium polyphosphates,
It is not particularly limited, for example, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine modified ammonium polyphosphate, or the like,
Ammonium polyphosphate is preferably used from the viewpoint of handleability and the like. Examples of commercially available products include “EXOLIT AP422” and “EXOLIT AP” manufactured by Clariant.
462 ”,“ Sumisafe P ”manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.,“ Terrage C60 ”and“ Terrage C70 ”manufactured by Chisso Corporation,
"Terrage C80" etc. are mentioned.

The compound represented by the general formula (I) is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methylphosphonic acid, dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethyl methylphosphonate, ethylphosphonic acid, propylphosphonic acid, butylphosphonic acid and 2-methyl. Propylphosphonic acid, t-butylphosphonic acid, 2,3-dimethyl-butylphosphonic acid, octylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, dioctylphenylphosphonate, dimethylphosphinic acid, methylethylphosphinic acid, methylpropylphosphinic acid, diethylphosphinic acid, Dioctylphosphinic acid, phenylphosphinic acid, diethylphenylphosphinic acid, diphenylphosphinic acid, bis (4-methoxyphenyl) phosphinic acid and the like can be mentioned. Among them, t-butylphosphonic acid is expensive, but is preferable in terms of high flame retardancy.
The phosphorus compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The above-mentioned phosphorus compound is especially calcium carbonate,
It is believed that the reaction with a metal carbonate such as zinc carbonate promotes expansion, and particularly when ammonium polyphosphate is used as the phosphorus compound, a high expansion effect is obtained. It also acts as an effective aggregate and forms a combustion residue with high shape retention after combustion.

In the above resin composition (II), the compounding amount of the phosphorus compound is 50 to 100 parts by weight of the resin component.
150 parts by weight is preferred. If the compounding amount is less than 50 parts by weight, sufficient shape retention of combustion residue cannot be obtained,
When it exceeds the weight part, the mechanical properties are largely deteriorated, and it cannot be used.

In the above resin composition (II), the blending amount of the neutralized heat-expandable graphite is 15 to 300 with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component for the same reason as in the above resin composition (I). Parts by weight are preferred.

In the resin composition (II), the blending amount of the inorganic filler is preferably 30 to 500 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the resin component for the same reason as in the resin composition (I).

Further, the total amount of the above-mentioned phosphide-containing material, the neutralized heat-expandable graphite and the inorganic filler is preferably 200 to 600 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component. If the total amount is less than 200 parts by weight, sufficient fire resistance cannot be obtained, and if the total amount exceeds 600 parts by weight, the mechanical strength is greatly reduced and the product cannot be used.

The above resin compositions (I) and (II) include
An antioxidant such as a phenol-based, amine-based, or sulfur-based antioxidant, a metal damage inhibitor, an antistatic agent, a stabilizer, a cross-linking agent, a lubricant, a softening agent, and a pigment may be added as long as the physical properties are not impaired. .

The above resin compositions (I) and (II) are prepared by melt-kneading the above-mentioned components using a known kneading machine such as an extruder, a kneader mixer, a two-neck chiller or a Banbury mixer. Can be obtained by The resin composition can be formed into a tape-shaped molded body 2 by molding it by a known method.

The tape-shaped molded body 2 may be in the form of a roll, or may be cut beforehand according to the length to be wound around the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1.

A base material or a release base material 6 may be laminated on the tape-shaped molded body 2 as long as the thermal expansion performance is not impaired. The substrate is not particularly limited, for example, paper,
A woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, a film, a metal foil, a wire net, a laminate of these base materials, and the like are used.

As the above-mentioned paper, known paper such as kraft paper, Japanese paper, K liner paper and the like can be used. Non-combustible paper highly filled with aluminum hydroxide and calcium carbonate;
Flame-retardant paper with a flame-retardant compound or a flame-retardant agent applied on the surface;
Fire resistance can be improved by using rock wool, ceramic wool, inorganic fiber paper using glass fiber, carbon fiber paper, or the like.

As the non-woven fabric, a wet non-woven fabric made of polypropylene, polyester, nylon, cellulose fiber or the like, a long-fiber non-woven fabric or the like can be used. As the film, a resin film made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyester, nylon, acrylic or the like can be used. Aluminum foil, stainless steel foil, or the like can be used as the metal foil. As the wire mesh, a metal lath or the like can be used in addition to the wire mesh that is normally used.

Further, a laminate of these base materials may be used, for example, a polyethylene film laminated non-woven fabric, a polypropylene film laminated non-woven fabric, an aluminum foil laminated paper,
Examples include aluminum foil laminated glass cloth.

The release base material 6 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those which have been subjected to normal release treatment such as silicone treatment, and those obtained by subjecting the base material to the release treatment may be used.

When the base material or the release base material 6 is laminated on the tape-shaped molded body 2, information may be written on the base material or the release base material 6. When the tape-shaped molded body 2 is a roll, information may be written inside the core material. The above information is information about applicable pipes, used parts, etc., and by describing it, confusion during construction can be prevented.

According to the present invention having such a configuration, the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 inserted in the fire protection compartment penetrating portion 5 may be thermally deformed in a fire or burned to form a gap. Also, since the wound tape-shaped molded body 2 thermally expands and closes the gap, heat, fire, smoke, etc. generated on one side of the fire protection compartment penetration portion 5 is prevented from reaching the other side. The tape-shaped molded body 2 is a resin pipe,
Since the cable or the heat insulation coating tube 1 is cut and wound according to the outer diameter, it is not necessary to prepare a member suitable for the outer diameter of the tube, and it is possible to prevent confusion on site.

In particular, in the first embodiment, the tape-shaped molded body 2 has adhesiveness, and the tape-shaped molded body 2 having the release base material 6 laminated on one surface thereof is used as a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulator. Since the mold release base material 6 is wound around the coating pipe 1 at least once so that it is fixed by utilizing its adhesiveness, the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulating coating pipe 1
It is easy to wind around and the construction can be simplified.

In the second embodiment, the tape-shaped molded body 2 is adhesive, and the tape-shaped molded body 2 having the release base material 6 laminated on one surface thereof is used as a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulation coating pipe. After the release base material 6 is wound around the mold 1 at least once, the release base material 6 in the overlapping portion of the tape-shaped molded body 2
Since it is peeled off and fixed by utilizing its adhesiveness, the work of winding the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 is easy, and the construction can be simplified.

In the third embodiment, the tape-shaped molded body 2 is adhesive, and the tape-shaped molded body 2 having the release base material 6 laminated on one surface thereof is used as a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulation coating pipe. Since the release base material 6 is wrapped around at least one turn so that the release base material 6 is on the outside, the adhesive surface sides of the overlapping portions of the tape-shaped molded body 2 are aligned and fixed.
Winding work around the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe 1 is easy, and the construction can be simplified.

[0074]

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to its examples. The present invention is not limited to these examples.

(Example 1) 42 parts by weight of butyl rubber ("Butyl # 065" manufactured by Exxon), 50 parts by weight of polybutene ("Polybutene # 100R" manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.), hydrogenated petroleum resin ("ESCOLETS" manufactured by Tonex Co., Ltd.) # 5
320 "), 8 parts by weight, 100 parts by weight of neutralized heat-expandable graphite (" Frame Cut GREP-EG "manufactured by Tosoh Corp.), and calcium carbonate (" BF30 "manufactured by Bihoku Powder Co., Ltd.).
0 ") 200 parts by weight was kneaded using a roll and then laminated on an aluminum foil laminated paper which was subjected to mold release by calendering to prepare a roll having a thickness of 2 mm, a width of 1000 mm and a length of 20 m. The obtained roll was sliced by a slicer to prepare a roll-shaped tape-shaped molded body 2 having a width of 120 mm.

The above tape-shaped molded body 2 was cut 10 mm longer than the outer peripheral length of a polyethylene sheath tube having an outer diameter of 42 mm (inner tube: a cross-linked polyethylene tube having an outer diameter of 27 mm), and 1 piece was cut on the outer surface.
After wrapping around the circumference, a wrapping test body was obtained while leaving the remaining portion as it was. Since the tape-shaped molded body 2 has self-viscosity, the winding operation could be easily performed.

As shown in FIG. 5, the test piece was provided with a slab 3 (thickness t = 100 mm in FIG. 5) in a fireproof compartment 5 (in FIG. 5, diameter D = 80 of the through hole).
mm), and then the tape-shaped molded body 2 is installed so that the wound portion of the tape-shaped molded body 2 faces the slab 3 on the heating surface side, and locked in the gap between the test body and the slab 3 as shown in FIG. Wool 4 was filled and fixed.

Regarding the test body fixed to the slab 3,
As a result of performing a 2-hour fire resistance test for walls based on JIS A 1304, the cross-linked polyethylene pipe was melted and burned down, but the gap formed in the part 5 of the fire protection compartment penetrated the tape-shaped molded body 2.
It was blocked by the thermal expansion of No. 1 and no penetration of flame was observed on the non-heated side.

(Example 2) 50 parts by weight of butyl rubber ("Butyl # 065" manufactured by Exxon), 20 parts by weight of polyethylene resin ("EG8200" manufactured by Dow Chemical), polybutene ("Polybutene # 100 manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.")
R ") 21 parts by weight, hydrogenated petroleum resin (Tonex's" Escorets # 5320 ") 4 parts by weight, red phosphorus (Clariant's" EXOLIT RP602 ") 80 parts by weight, and neutralized thermally expandable graphite ( UCAR Car
"GRAF Guard # 220-50N" manufactured by Bonn)
After mixing 60 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight of magnesium hydroxide (“Kisuma 5B” manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Co., Ltd.), and 100 parts by weight of calcium carbonate (“BF300” manufactured by Bihoku Chemical Co., Ltd.) with a pressure kneader, calender molding 2mm thickness, 1000m
A roll having a width of m and a length of 20 m was produced. The obtained roll was sliced by a slicer to prepare a roll-shaped tape-shaped molded body 2 having a width of 120 mm.

The tape-shaped molded body 2 was cut 10 mm longer than the outer peripheral length of the cable CV-T having an outer diameter of 40 mm, wound around the outer periphery once, and then the release-treated aluminum of the overlapping portion of the tape-shaped molded body 2 was cut. The test piece was obtained by peeling off the foil laminated paper and winding the remaining portion. Since the tape-shaped molded body 2 has self-adhesiveness, the winding operation could be easily performed.

As shown in FIG. 5, the test piece was provided with a slab 3 (thickness t = 150 mm in FIG. 5) in a fireproof compartment (in FIG. 5, the through hole diameter D = 80).
mm), and then the tape-shaped molded body 2 is arranged so that the wound portion of the tape-shaped molded body 2 faces the slab 3 on the heating surface side, and the putty is placed in the gap between the test body and the slab 3 as shown in FIG. 4 was fixed and fixed.

Regarding the test body fixed to the slab 3,
As a result of performing a 2-hour fire resistance test for floors based on JIS A 1304, the cable was melted and burned, but the gap generated in the portion of the fire protection compartment penetration portion 5 was blocked by the thermal expansion of the tape-shaped molded body 2, No flame penetration was observed on the non-heated side.

(Example 3) 42 parts by weight of butyl rubber ("Butyl # 065" manufactured by Exxon), 50 parts by weight of polybutene ("Polybutene # 100R" manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.), hydrogenated petroleum resin ("Escorets manufactured by Tonex") # 5
320 "), 8 parts by weight, ammonium polyphosphate (Clariant's" EXOLIT AP422 ") 100 parts by weight, neutralized heat-expandable graphite (Tosoh's" frame cut GREP-EG ") 50 parts by weight, hydroxylated 50 parts by weight of magnesium (“Kisuma 5B” manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 100 parts by weight of strontium carbonate (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd.) were kneaded using a pressure kneader and then subjected to calendaring to release the aluminum foil laminated paper. 2m
A roll having a thickness of m, a width of 1000 mm, and a length of 20 m was produced. The obtained roll is sliced with a slicer to give a width of 120.
A tape-shaped molded body 2 in the form of a roll of mm was produced.

The tape-shaped molded body 2 was made 10 mm longer than the outer peripheral length of the heat insulation-coated copper pipe (outer diameter 50 mm, heat insulation layer 10 mm)
After being cut long and wound around the outer surface once, the overlapping portions of the tape-shaped molded body 2 were stuck together by sticking their adhesive surfaces together to obtain a test body. Since the tape-shaped molded body 2 has self-adhesiveness, the winding operation could be easily performed.

As shown in FIG. 5, the test piece was provided with a slab 3 (thickness t = 100 mm in FIG. 5) in the fireproof compartment (diameter D = 80 of the through hole in FIG. 5).
mm), the winding part of the tape-shaped molded body 2 is a slab 3
Then, the mortar 4 was filled in the gap between the test body and the slab 3 and fixed, as shown in FIG.

Regarding the test body fixed to the slab 3,
As a result of conducting a 2-hour fire resistance test for walls based on JIS A 1304, the coating material of the heat-insulating coated copper pipe was melted and burned,
The gap formed in the part of the fireproof compartment penetrating part 5 was closed by the thermal expansion of the tape-shaped molded body 2, and no penetration of flame was observed on the non-heated side.

Example 4 42 parts by weight of butyl rubber (“Butyl # 065” manufactured by Exxon), 50 parts by weight of polybutene (“Polybutene # 100R” manufactured by Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd.), hydrogenated petroleum resin (“ESCOLETS” manufactured by Tonex Co., Ltd.) # 5
320 "), 8 parts by weight, ammonium polyphosphate (Clariant's" EXOLIT AP422 ") 100 parts by weight, neutralized heat-expandable graphite (Tosoh's" frame cut GREP-EG ") 50 parts by weight, hydroxylated 50 parts by weight of magnesium (“Kisuma 5B” manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Co., Ltd.) and 100 parts by weight of strontium carbonate (manufactured by Sakai Chemical Co., Ltd.) were kneaded using a pressure kneader and then subjected to calendaring to release the aluminum foil laminated paper. 2m
A roll having a thickness of m, a width of 1000 mm, and a length of 20 m was produced. The obtained roll is sliced with a slicer to give a width of 150.
A tape-shaped molded body 2 in the form of a roll of mm was produced.

A hard vinyl chloride pipe joint (JIS K 6739 standard product, diameter difference 90 ° large bend Y joint, nominal 125 × 100, outlet outer diameter 151 m)
m) Cut 10 mm longer than the outer circumference of the socket, and
After wrapping around the circumference, wind the remaining part as it is, and use the tape-shaped molded body for the part where the outer diameter of the pipe joint is thin and the gap between the hard vinyl chloride pipe inserted into the socket and the tape-shaped molded body. The adhesive surfaces were struck against each other by picking, and the other parts were bonded to the pipe joint and the pipe to obtain a test body. Since this tape-shaped molded body 2 has self-adhesiveness,
The winding work could be easily performed even with a tubular body whose diameter changes like a pipe joint.

As shown in FIG. 5, the test piece was provided with a slab 3 (thickness t = 150 mm in FIG. 5) in a fireproof compartment (in FIG. 5, the through hole diameter D = 18).
2 mm) so that the wound portion of the tape-shaped molded product 2 is slightly protruded from the surface of the penetration part of the fire protection compartment,
As shown in FIG. 6, the mortar 4 was filled and fixed in the gap between the test body and the slab 3.

Regarding the test body fixed to the slab 3,
As a result of performing a 2-hour fire resistance test for walls based on JIS A 1304, the hard vinyl chloride pipe joint was melted and burned, and the gap of the fire protection compartment penetrating portion 5 caused by the burnout of this pipe joint had a thermal expansion of the tape-shaped molded body 2. It was blocked by, and no flame penetration was observed on the non-heated side.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and there may be a design change or the like without departing from the scope of the invention. Included in this invention.

[0092]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe inserted into the penetration portion of the fire protection compartment is thermally deformed or burned out in the event of a fire. Even if a gap is created, the wound tape-shaped molded body will expand due to heat and block the gap, preventing heat, fire, smoke, etc. generated on one side of the penetration part of the fire protection compartment from reaching the other side. To do. Since the tape-shaped molded product is cut and wound according to the outer diameter of the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe at the time of construction, it is not necessary to prepare each member according to the outer diameter of the pipe, which is confusing at the site. Can be prevented. In addition, the tape-shaped molded product has adhesiveness, and the tape-shaped molded product with the release base material laminated on one side is placed on the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe so that the release base material is on the outside. After being wrapped around at least one round, the adhesiveness is used to fix it, so that it is easy to wind around the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe, and the construction can be simplified. .

According to the second aspect of the present invention, even if the resin pipe, the cable or the heat insulation coating pipe inserted through the penetration portion of the fire protection compartment is thermally deformed at the time of fire or burns out to form a gap,
Since the wound tape-shaped molded product thermally expands and closes the gap, heat, fire, smoke, etc. generated on one side of the fire protection compartment penetration portion are prevented from reaching the other side. Since the tape-shaped molded product is cut and wound according to the outer diameter of the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe at the time of construction, it is not necessary to prepare each member according to the outer diameter of the pipe, which is confusing at the site. Can be prevented. In addition, the tape-shaped molded product has adhesiveness, and the tape-shaped molded product with the release base material laminated on one side is placed on the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe so that the release base material is on the outside. After wrapping at least one round in, peel off the release base material of the overlapping portion of the tape-shaped molded body,
Since the adhesiveness is used for fixing, the work of winding the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe is easy, and the construction can be simplified.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, even if the resin pipe, the cable or the heat insulation coating pipe inserted through the penetration portion of the fire protection compartment is thermally deformed or burned out to form a gap,
The wound tape-shaped molded product thermally expands and closes the gap, so that heat, fire, smoke, etc. generated on one side of the fire protection compartment penetration portion are prevented from reaching the other side. Since the tape-shaped molded product is cut and wound according to the outer diameter of the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe at the time of construction, it is not necessary to prepare a member suitable for the outer diameter of the pipe, which is confusing at the site. Can be prevented. In addition, the tape-shaped molded product has adhesiveness, and the tape-shaped molded product with the release base material laminated on one side is placed on the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe so that the release base material is on the outside. After winding at least one round, the adhesive surface sides of the overlapping parts of the tape-shaped molded body are aligned and fixed, so that the work of winding around the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe is easy. Yes, it is possible to simplify the construction.

According to the invention of claim 4, it is possible to exert a practically useful effect that the same effect as that of claims 1 to 3 can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which a tape-shaped molded body is wound around a resin pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the second embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged sectional view of the third embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which a resin pipe around which a tape-shaped molded body is wound is inserted into a penetration portion of a fire protection compartment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which mortar is filled around the resin pipe inserted through the penetration portion of the fire protection compartment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe 2 Tape-shaped molded body 3 Fire protection section (slab) 4 Mortar, non-combustible material, or putty 5 Fire compartment penetration 6 Release base material

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method of constructing a resin pipe, cable, or a heat insulation coating penetrating portion through which a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulation coating pipe penetrating a fire protection compartment provided in a partition of a building is inserted. A tape-like molded body made of a heat-expandable material having an expansion ratio of 3 to 40 times when heated for 30 minutes under an irradiation heat amount of 50 kw / m ² and wrapped around a portion of the pipe that penetrates the fireproof compartment. After filling the gap between the penetration part of the fireproof compartment and the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe with mortar, an incombustible material, or putty, the tape-shaped molded body having a release base material laminated on one side, A method for constructing a penetration portion for a fire protection section, which comprises winding the release base material at least once around a resin pipe, a cable, or a heat insulation coating pipe so that the release base material is on the outside, and then fixing the release base material by utilizing its adhesiveness. 2. A method for constructing a penetration portion of a fireproof section in which a resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating tube penetrating a fire protection section provided in a partition of a building is inserted, wherein the resin piping, cable, or heat insulation coating is used. A tape-like molded body made of a heat-expandable material having an expansion ratio of 3 to 40 times when heated for 30 minutes under an irradiation heat amount of 50 kw / m ² and wrapped around a portion of the pipe that penetrates the fireproof compartment. After filling the gap between the penetration part of the fireproof compartment and the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe with mortar, an incombustible material, or putty, the tape-shaped molded body having a release base material laminated on one side, After winding at least once around the release base material on the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulation coating pipe, the release base material in the overlapping portion of the tape-shaped molded body is peeled off, and its adhesiveness is used. Fix A method for constructing a penetration portion of a fireproof compartment, which is characterized in that 3. A method for constructing a penetration portion of a fireproof section in which a resin piping, a cable, or a heat insulation coating tube that penetrates a fireproof section provided in a partition of a building is inserted, wherein the resin piping, cable, or heat insulation coating is used. A tape-like molded body made of a heat-expandable material having an expansion ratio of 3 to 40 times when heated for 30 minutes under an irradiation heat amount of 50 kw / m ² and wrapped around a portion of the pipe that penetrates the fireproof compartment. After filling the gap between the penetration part of the fireproof compartment and the resin pipe, cable, or heat insulation coating pipe with mortar, an incombustible material, or putty, the tape-shaped molded body having a release base material laminated on one side, After wrapping the resin pipe, the cable, or the heat insulating coating pipe at least once so that the release base material is on the outside, the adhesive surface sides of the overlapping portions of the tape-shaped molded body are put together and fixed. A method of constructing a penetration section for a fireproof section. 4. A firebreak compartment penetration structure constructed by the method for applying a firebreak compartment penetration according to any one of claims 1 to 3.