JP2003143941A - Plant cultivation bed, vegetation material comprising plant in the cultivation bed, and greening construction - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant cultivation bed having good appearance, excellent in water permeability, air permeability and water retainability, by which a greening construction can be easily structured on a building rooftop or the like, and maintenance of the greening construction can be easily made. SOLUTION: The plant cultivation bed has the following structure: plant culture soil is charged into a container made of a synthetic resin foam with porous gaps, and ground cover plants are planted in the plant culture soil so as to cover the surface of the soil. In the cultivation bed, a water-permeable and root-cutting sheet is preferably disposed between the inner surface of the container and the plant culture soil, and the container is preferably formed of a formed body comprising synthetic resin foam particles.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a plant cultivating floor, a planted product in which a plant is planted on the cultivating floor, and a greening structure.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years,
In large cities, the area occupied by asphalt and concrete increases, while the area of green space tends to decrease. Furthermore, in large cities, the amount of exhaust gas from automobiles and the amount of heat released from air conditioners also increase, which causes the "heat island phenomenon" in which the temperature in the city becomes higher than that in the suburbs. There is.

In order to solve the "heat island phenomenon", it is necessary to increase the area of green space in urban areas. As one of them, local governments nationwide have begun to actively work on rooftop greening of buildings.

As a method of greening the roof, a method of initially laying a waterproof sheet on the roof, filling the soil with soil, and planting plants there was adopted. However, under the special environment of the rooftop, the soil is easily dried and the plants easily die, and in the case of the above method, there is a problem that it takes time to replant the plants every time the plants die. For this reason, a method has been adopted in which culture soil is placed in a container such as synthetic resin and a plurality of plants are planted in this, and a lid made of water-permeable synthetic resin is used to prevent the soil from drying. Those covered by are also proposed (Actual fair 7-55
884). With this method, even if some plants die, it is only necessary to replace the container in which the dead plants were planted with another container in which the plants had been planted beforehand, so it is easy to maintain and manage the rooftop greening. The advantage is that However, since the surface of the soil is covered with a synthetic resin lid, there is a problem that it does not look good.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is a plant cultivation which is excellent in appearance, prevents the drying of the culture soil from the soil surface, and can maintain water permeability, air permeability, water retention, and heat retention. Intended to provide a floor. Moreover, this invention aims at providing the planting thing which planted the plant on this plant cultivation floor. Another object of the present invention is to provide a greening structure using this planted product.

[0006]

That is, in the plant cultivation floor of the present invention, a container formed of a synthetic resin foam having water-permeable voids is filled with plant culture soil, and the plant culture soil contains the culture soil of the culture soil. It is characterized in that ground cover plants that cover the surface are planted. In the plant cultivation floor of the present invention, a water-permeable root cutting sheet can be interposed between the inner surface of the container and the plant culture soil. The plant cultivating floor of the present invention preferably has a container made of a molded product of synthetic resin foam particles. The planting product of the present invention is characterized in that a plant different from the ground cover plant planted on the plant cultivation floor is planted on the plant cultivation floor. The greening structure of the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of the above-mentioned plantings are connected and laid.

[0007]

1 and 2 show an embodiment of a plant cultivation floor 1 of the present invention. This plant cultivation floor 1 is configured by filling a container 2 made of a synthetic resin foam having water-permeable voids with a plant culture soil 3 and planting a ground cover plant 4 covering the surface of the culture soil 3. ing.

The container 2 is made of foam such as polystyrene resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, etc., but from the viewpoint of durability and chemical resistance, it is made of polyethylene resin foam or polypropylene resin foam. Those are preferable. Container 2 made of these synthetic resin foams
In order to have a water-permeable void, the container 2 is, for example, disclosed in JP-A-52-140569 and JP-B-5-2059.
No. 6-15959, etc., the synthetic resin foamed particles may be molded according to the method described in JP-A No. 7-137063 previously proposed by the applicant of the present application. However, it is preferable to mold the container 2 by using synthetic resin foamed particles having a through-hole or a protrusion on the surface. Since the container 2 formed by using such foamed particles has sufficient strength, the container 2 can be carried with the culture soil 3 stored therein without being reinforced by a reinforcing member such as a metal frame. There is no fear of damage.
Further, by adjusting the shape of the foamed particles, for example, the hole diameter of the penetrated void portion or the height of the protruding portion, it is possible to easily adjust the porosity and the water permeability of the foamed material forming the container 2 to desired values. It is possible to prevent the root of the plant from coming out of the container 2. In the present specification, the water permeability of a container having water permeable voids is determined according to the type of plant so as to be suitable for the growth of plants, but is generally 0.
It is 001 cm / sec or more.

Foamed particles having a pierced void are obtained by dispersing hollow cylindrical resin particles obtained by cutting a resin extruded in the form of hollow strands from an extruder, for example, in a closed container together with a foaming agent in water. After impregnating the resin particles with the foaming agent,
It can be obtained by a method of discharging under a low pressure from the container to foam. As the hollow cylindrical resin particles, those obtained by providing a die 8 with a lip 9 having a shape as shown in FIG. 3, extruding the resin into a hollow strand shape from the lip 9 and cutting the resin are used. preferable. A container having a higher porosity is obtained by performing well-known in-mold molding using the expanded particles obtained by expanding the hollow cylindrical resin particles obtained by cutting the strands extruded from the lip 9 having such a shape. 2. Specifically, it is preferable because a container having a porosity of more than 30% can be molded.

The apparent density of the foam constituting the container 2 is preferably 0.01 to 0.25 g / cm ^3, but further,
0.015 to 0.09 g / cm ³ is preferable, and in particular, 0.
02 to 0.06 g / cm ³ is preferable. The porosity of the foam is preferably 5 to 50%, more preferably 10 to 45%, and particularly preferably 15 to 35%. The container 2 has a water permeability of 10 to 0.001 cm / sec, especially 1 to 0.01 c.
It is preferably composed of a foam of m / sec.

The apparent density (g / cm ³ ) of the foam in the present specification includes voids obtained by calculating the weight (g) of the molded body (foam) from the external dimensions of the molded body (foam). It was determined by dividing by the apparent volume (cm ³ ).

The porosity can be obtained by the following equation (1).

[0013]

[Equation 1]   Porosity: A (volume%) = [(B−C) ÷ B] × 100 (1)

In the above formula (1), B represents the apparent volume of the foam (cm ³ ), and C represents the true volume of the foam (cm ³ ). The apparent volume of the foam: B (cm ³ ) is the volume calculated from the external dimensions of the foam. The true volume of the foam: C (cm ³ ) is the actual volume of the foam excluding the volume of the void from the apparent volume of B: B, which is the increased volume when the foam is submerged in ethanol of known volume. Corresponds to the true volume of the foam: C (cm ³ ).

The water permeability was measured according to JIS A1218. As the sample, 120 mm in length and 120 in width cut out from the foam used in the cultivation floor of the present invention instead of sand.
A rectangular parallelepiped sample having a thickness of 50 mm and a thickness of 50 mm was used. Moreover, the square cylinder was used instead of the cylinder in which this sample was put, and the water permeability was measured by the constant water level method. If a sample of 120 mm in length, 120 mm in width, and 50 mm in thickness could not be cut out from the foam, a plurality of samples were cut out and combined to form a sample of 120 mm in length, 120 mm in width, and 50 mm in thickness. Cut out from.

The plant culture soil 3 to be filled in the container 2 can be prepared by mixing vermiculite, beet moss, perlite or the like in addition to natural soil. The plant culture soil 3 is preferably lightweight and has a density of 0.5 to 1.2 g / cm ³ . Also, the cation exchange amount is 30 to 45 meq / 100 g of dry matter, and the effective water retention amount is 120 to 300 liters /
m ³ , pH = 5 to 9, gas phase rate of 50 in three-phase distribution
.About.75%, water phase ratio 8 to 25%, and solid phase ratio 12 to 25% are preferable.

The ground cover plants 4 to be planted on the culture soil 3 are called undergrowth or ground cover, and are generally plants having the property of crawling low on the ground surface to cover the surface.
Crawling small shrubs, climbing plants, etc. are mentioned. The ground cover 4 is preferably evergreen and has a plant height of not more than 30 cm, a plant length of not more than 20 cm, and particularly a plant height of not more than 10 cm. Moreover, the ground cover plant 4 to be planted in the culture soil 3 is preferably one that is planted in the cultivation floor 1 in a state where the plant height is 10 cm or less. Specific examples of the ground cover plant 4 include grass, moss, Ryukyu mustache, turf cherry, manneguza, daily grass, white clover, thyme, cotoneaster and the like. The plant cultivation floor 1 of the present invention is not limited to one in which one type of ground cover plant is planted, and two or more types of ground cover plants may be mixed and planted.

In the plant cultivation floor 1 of the present invention, the shape of the container 2 is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the outer dimensions are 50 to 100 cm in length and 50 to 100 in width.
cm, height 10 to 50 cm, internal dimension 42 to 90 cm,
The width is preferably 42 to 90 cm, the height (depth) is preferably 7 to 45 cm, and the thickness of the layer of the plant culture soil 3 is preferably 7 to 45 cm. It is also possible to reduce the weight of the cultivation floor 1 by forming a part of the container 2 in a raised bottom shape so that the filling amount of the culture soil 3 is reduced, if necessary. In addition, if a recessed portion is provided on the bottom (outer side) of the container 2, the drainage property and the air permeability from the container 2 are improved, and the plant 6 is less likely to root rot. In particular, it is preferable to provide parallel linear grooves in one direction or in two or more directions because the effects of drainage and air permeability are further enhanced.

In the plant cultivation floor 1 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, a water-permeable root cutting sheet 5 can be interposed between the inner surface of the container 2 and the plant culture soil 3. As the root cutting sheet 5 having water permeability, a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a net-like material or the like made of a natural material, a synthetic resin material or the like is used. When the root cutting sheet 5 is provided, it is possible to prevent the roots of the plant to be planted on the cultivation floor 1 from penetrating through the water-permeable container 2 and coming out.

FIG. 4 shows a planted product 11 in which a plant 6 is planted on the plant cultivation floor 1 of the present invention. The plant 6 is a bulb plant,
Plants that are taller than the ground cover plant 4, such as small shrubs, shrubs, medium shrubs, middle shrubs, and herbs, are preferable. Further, a ground cover plant of a different type from the ground cover plant 4 planted on the cultivation floor 1 can be planted on the cultivation floor 1 as the plant 6, but in this case also, the ground planted on the cultivation floor 1 from the beginning. A ground cover that is taller than the plant is preferable. Examples of the plant 6 to be planted on the cultivating floor 1 are acebi, averia, citrus camellia, oleander, coffea, azaleas, tobera, nanten,
Examples thereof include Hivician, Hagi, Tsurumakisaki, German iris, hollyhock, Himeshaga, Pyracantha, Yaburan, various herbs, and the like. Plants having a plant height of more than 10 cm, and plants having a plant height of 20 cm or more are preferable.

The planting product 11 of the present invention is suitable for growing between the ground cover plant 4 covering the surface of the culture soil 3 of the cultivation floor 1 and the plant 6 planted on the cultivation floor 1. By predicting changes in symbiosis and selection and playing a role according to the growing situation of multiple plants, planted products can be maintained for a long period of time under provincial management.

A greening structure is constructed by laying a plurality of plantings 11 of the present invention so as to be connected to each other. When laying a plurality of plantings 11 in series, a method of connecting the corner portions of the containers 2 of the plantings 11 with the metal fittings 7 as shown in FIG. 5 is adopted. Examples of places for constructing green structures include the rooftops of buildings, balconies, balconies, paved roads, plazas, and other places that require simple flower decoration.

[0023]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the plant cultivation floor of the present invention is excellent in heat insulating property because the container is made of foam, and even if the temperature conditions such as the rooftop are poor, the soil for cultivation can be Keeping the temperature within a certain range, you can expect the same heat retaining effect as planting. Further, the container not only has an appropriate water permeability according to the plant being planted, but also has a water-retaining and air-permeable structure, and the ground soil covering the surface of the culture soil is planted. Therefore, evaporation of water from the surface of the culture soil can be suppressed, planting management such as watering can be reduced, and abrupt temperature change of the culture soil and water contained therein can be prevented. With such a configuration, the plant cultivation floor of the present invention provides a favorable environment for the plant in terms of moisture, temperature, and aeration, which are important for growing the plant, and a ground cover that covers the culture soil surface of the cultivation floor. In addition to the above-mentioned physical action and effects, has a mild appearance for humans, provides a favorable environment for birds, insects, and animals, and is an optimal biotope.

Further, since the surface of the cultivated soil is covered with the ground cover plant, the effect of preventing the scattering of the soil and the effect of preventing the soil from flowing out due to rain or the like are also exhibited. It also has the effect of suppressing the establishment and germination of seeds such as weeds coming from outside. Furthermore, the greening structure can be easily constructed by carrying in as a planted product in which plants are planted on the cultivation floor to a rooftop or the like and laying a plurality of the plants connected together. Further, when constructing a greening structure by the planting of the present invention, even if some plants wither,
It is only necessary to replace the planted part of the dead plant with a new plant as it is, and there is no need to remove the dead plant and replant a new plant on site, making it suitable for biotope making It is something.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a plant cultivation floor of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a lip shape of a die suitable for obtaining hollow cylindrical resin particles.

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a planted plant in which a plant is planted on the plant cultivation floor of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example in which a plurality of plantings are connected and laid.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 plant cultivation floor 2 containers 3 plant culture soil 4 ground cover 5 root cutting sheet 6 plants 11 planting

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A container formed of a synthetic resin foam having water-permeable voids is filled with plant culture soil, and a ground cover plant covering the surface of the culture soil is planted in the plant culture soil. Plant cultivation floor characterized by. 2. The plant cultivation floor according to claim 1, wherein a root cutting sheet having water permeability is interposed between the inner surface of the container and the plant culture soil. 3. The plant cultivation floor according to claim 1, wherein the container is formed of a molded product of synthetic resin expanded particles. 4. A planting product, characterized in that a plant different from the ground cover plant planted on the plant cultivation floor is planted on the plant cultivation floor according to any one of claims 1 to 3. . 5. A greening structure, wherein a plurality of the planting products according to claim 4 are laid in a row.